SIMARIS Technical Manual en

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Totally Integrated Power

SIMARIS design
SIMARIS project

Technical Manual
www.siemens.com/simaris

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Table of Contents
1 Essential and special Information on Network Calculation and System Planning using the SIMARIS Software
Tools ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Power Supply Systems, Connection to Earth ................................................................................................. 6
1.1.1 Introduction to Power Supply Systems .......................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 TN-S system .................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.2.1 Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1.2.2 Advantages ................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2.3 Disadvantages ............................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2.4 Precautions ................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.3 TN-C system .................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1.3.1 Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1.3.2 Advantages ................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.3.3 Disadvantages ............................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.3.4 Precautions ................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.4 TN-C-S system ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.4.1 Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
1.1.4.2 Advantages ................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.4.3 Disadvantages ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.4.4 Precautions ................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.5 TT system .................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.5.1 Features ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.5.2 Advantages ................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.1.5.3 Disadvantages ............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.1.6 IT system ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1.6.1 Features ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1.6.2 Advantages ................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.1.6.3 Disadvantages ............................................................................................................................................. 11
1.2 Degrees of Protection for Electrical Equipment ........................................................................................... 12
1.2.1 Designation Structure for Degrees of Protection ......................................................................................... 12
1.2.2 Degrees of Protection against Ingress of Foreign Bodies (first code number) .............................................. 12
1.2.3 Degrees of Protection against the Ingress of Water (second code number) ................................................. 13
1.3 Explanations on the Consideration of Functional Endurance in the SIMARIS Software Tools ....................... 13
1.3.1 Functional Endurance Basics ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.3.1.1 Fire Prevention for Building Structures of Special Type and Usage .............................................................. 14
1.3.1.2 Selection of Fire Areas for the Calculation of Voltage Drop and Tripping Condition .................................... 14
1.3.1.3 Calculation Basis .......................................................................................................................................... 14
1.3.1.4 Types of Functional Endurance and how they are considered in SIMARIS design ....................................... 15
1.3.1.4.1 Enclosing Busbar Trunking Systems ............................................................................................................. 15
1.3.1.4.2 Enclosing Standard Cables .......................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.1.4.3 Cables with integrated Functional Endurance ............................................................................................. 20
1.3.2 Consideration of Functional Endurance in SIMARIS project ......................................................................... 21
1.3.2.1 Preliminary Note ......................................................................................................................................... 21
1.3.2.2 Functional Endurance for BD2, LD und LX Busbar Trunking Systems ........................................................... 21
1.3.2.2.1 Regulations ................................................................................................................................................. 21
1.3.2.2.2 Execution .................................................................................................................................................... 21
1.4 Typification of Circuit-breakers in Medium-voltage Switchgear .................................................................. 24
1.4.1 NX PLUS C (primary distribution level) ......................................................................................................... 24
1.4.2 8DJH (secondary distribution level) ............................................................................................................. 25
1.4.3 8DJH36 (secondary distribution level) ......................................................................................................... 25
1.4.4 SIMOSEC (secondary distribution level) ....................................................................................................... 26
1.5 SIVACON 8PS Busbar Trunking Systems ....................................................................................................... 27
1.5.1 Overview of Busbar Trunking Systems from 40 up to 6,300 A ..................................................................... 27
1.5.2 Configuration Rules for Busbar Trunking Systems ....................................................................................... 31
1.5.2.1 Wiring Options for Busbar Trunking Systems ............................................................................................... 31
1.5.2.2 Possible Combinations of different Busbar Trunking Systems within one Busbar Section ........................... 34
1.5.2.3 Guidelines for Busbar Trunking Systems for their Direct Connection to a Switch and Current Feeding from
Cables ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
1.5.2.4 Possible Switching/Protective Devices in Tap-off Units for Busbar Trunking Systems ................................... 36
1.5.2.5 Device Selection of Switching/Protective Devices for Busbar Trunking Systems Featuring Power
Transmission ............................................................................................................................................... 36
1.5.2.6 Matrix Table for Busbar Trunking Systems and Matching Tap-off units ........................................................ 38

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1.5.2.7 Particularities concerning the Simultaneity Factor of Busbar Trunking Systems for Power Distribution ....... 39
1.6 Parallel Cables in Network Calculation and System Planning ....................................................................... 43
1.6.1 Considering Parallel Cables in Network Calculations .................................................................................... 43
1.6.2 Parallel cables in incoming and outgoing feeders in the SIVACON S8 system (low-voltage power
distribution board) ...................................................................................................................................... 45
1.7 Considering the Installation Altitude of Power Distribution Systems ........................................................... 47
1.7.1 Insulation Capacity of NXPLUS C and 8DJH Medium-voltage Systems Dependent on the Installation Altitude 47
1.7.2 Correction Factors for Rated Currents of S8 Low-voltage Switchboards Dependent on the Installation
Altitudes ...................................................................................................................................................... 48
1.7.3 Reduction Factors for Busbar Trunking Systems Dependent on the Installation Altitude ............................. 49
1.7.3.1 SIVACON 8PS LD... Busbar Trunking System ............................................................................................. 49
1.7.4 Reduction Factors for Equipment Dependent on the Installation Altitude .................................................. 49
1.8 Consideration of Compensation Systems in the Network Design with SIMARIS Software Tools .................. 50
1.8.1 Dimensioning of Compensation Systems .................................................................................................... 50
1.8.1.1 Electro-technical Basics: Power in AC Circuits .............................................................................................. 50
1.8.1.2 Central Compensation ................................................................................................................................. 51
1.8.1.3 Reactive Power Controller ........................................................................................................................... 52
1.8.1.4 Consideration of Reactive Power Compensation in SIMARIS design ............................................................. 53
1.8.2 Compensation Systems in Power Systems with Harmonic Content ............................................................. 55
1.8.2.1 Impact of Linear and Non-linear Loads on the Power System ...................................................................... 55
1.8.2.2 Compensation systems in power systems with harmonic content ............................................................... 56
1.8.2.3 Choking of Compensation Systems ............................................................................................................. 58
1.8.2.4 Ripple Control Frequency and its Importance for the Compensation System ............................................... 59
1.8.2.5 Consideration of Choking Rate and Audio Frequency Suppression in SIMARIS project ................................. 60
1.9 The Technical Series of Totally Integrated Power ......................................................................................... 60
1.10 Planning Manuals of Totally Integrated Power ............................................................................................ 60
2 Special Technical Information about Network Calculation in SIMARIS design ............................................. 61
2.1 Power Sources ............................................................................................................................................. 61
2.2 Directional and Non-directional Couplings .................................................................................................. 63
2.2.1 Design Principles of Directional and Non-directional Couplings ................................................................... 63
2.2.2 Changeover Connection in Accordance with DIN VDE 0100 Part 710 (IEC 60364-7-71) (medical locations) 63
2.2.3 Creating Active and Passive Emergency Power Supply Systems ................................................................... 65
2.3 Dimensioning of Power Transmission and Power Distribution Lines ........................................................... 66
2.4 Note on the Dimensioning of 8PS Busbar Trunking Systems ....................................................................... 68
2.5 Selectivity and Backup Protection ................................................................................................................ 68
2.5.1 Backup Protection ....................................................................................................................................... 68
2.5.2 Backup Protection as Dimensioning Target in SIMARIS design ..................................................................... 69
2.5.3 Selectivity .................................................................................................................................................... 70
2.5.4 Selectivity as Dimensioning Target in SIMARIS design ................................................................................. 72
2.6 Dimensioning the Network acc. to Icu or Icn ............................................................................................... 73
2.6.1 Areas of Application for Miniature Circuit-breakers ..................................................................................... 73
2.6.2 Selection of Miniature Circuit-Breakers acc. to Icn or Icu in SIMARIS design ................................................ 74
2.7 Explanations about the Energy Efficiency Analyses in SIMARIS design ........................................................ 75
2.8 Installation Types of Cables and Wires (Excerpt) .......................................................................................... 77
2.8.1 Installation Types in Accordance with IEC 60364-5-523/99 (excerpt) .......................................................... 77
2.8.2 Consideration of installation types in SIMARIS design ................................................................................. 79
2.9 Accumulation of Cables and Lines ............................................................................................................... 80
2.10 Special Conditions in Motor Circuits and their Consideration in SIMARIS design .......................................... 81
2.10.1 Special Properties of Motor Circuits ............................................................................................................. 81
2.10.1.1 Short-circuit Behaviour ................................................................................................................................ 81
2.10.1.2 Switch-on and Start-up Behaviour ............................................................................................................... 81
2.10.1.3 Use of Special Switching and Protective Devices in Motor Circuits ............................................................... 82
2.10.2 Motor Consumers with Simple Motor Protection ......................................................................................... 82
2.10.3 Motor Consumers as Motor Starter Combination ........................................................................................ 83
2.10.4 Description of Motor Parameters ................................................................................................................. 86
2.11 Standards for Calculations in SIMARIS design .............................................................................................. 89
2.12 Additional Protection by RCDs in Compliance with DIN VDE 0100-410 (IEC 60364-4-41) ........................... 91
2.12.1 Altered Maximum Disconnection Times in TN and TT System in Compliance with DIN VDE 0100-410 ........ 91
2.12.2 National Deviations from IEC 60364-4-41 ................................................................................................... 92
2.12.2.1 The Netherlands .......................................................................................................................................... 92
2.12.2.2 Norway ....................................................................................................................................................... 92
2.12.2.3 Belgium ....................................................................................................................................................... 92

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2.12.2.4 Ireland ......................................................................................................................................................... 92
2.12.2.5 Spain ........................................................................................................................................................... 93
2.13 Country-specific Particularities .................................................................................................................... 93
2.13.1 India ............................................................................................................................................................ 93
2.14 Used Formula Symbols ................................................................................................................................ 94
3 Special Technical Information about System Planning in SIMARIS project ............................................... 102
3.1 Technical Data of 8DJH Gas-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear .......................................................... 102
3.1.1 Current Transformer .................................................................................................................................. 102
3.1.2 Capacitive Voltage Detector Systems ......................................................................................................... 102
3.1.3 Panels ........................................................................................................................................................ 104
3.1.4 Protective Devices ..................................................................................................................................... 108
3.2 Technical Data of 8DJH36 Gas-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear ..................................................... 110
3.2.2 Panels ........................................................................................................................................................ 110
3.3 Technical Data of NX PLUS C Gas-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear ................................................. 114
3.3.2 Cubicles ..................................................................................................................................................... 114
3.4 Technical Data of SIMOSEC Air-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear ..................................................... 118
3.4.2 Panels ........................................................................................................................................................ 118
3.5 Technical Data of NXAirS Air-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear (only for China) ................................ 124
3.5.1 NXAirS 12 kV ............................................................................................................................................. 124
3.5.1.1 Current Transformer .................................................................................................................................. 124
3.5.1.2 Panels ........................................................................................................................................................ 124
3.5.2 NXAirS 24 kV ............................................................................................................................................. 126
3.5.2.1 Current Transformer .................................................................................................................................. 126
3.5.2.2 Panels ........................................................................................................................................................ 126
3.6 Technical Data for SIVACON S4 Low-voltage Switchboard ......................................................................... 131
3.6.1 Cubicles ..................................................................................................................................................... 131
3.6.2 Cable Connection ...................................................................................................................................... 133
3.6.3 Component Mounting Rules for Vented Cubicles with 3- or 4-pole In-line Switch Disconnectors .............. 134
3.7 Technical Data of SIVACON S8 Low-voltage Switchgear ........................................................................... 135
3.7.1 Cubicles ..................................................................................................................................................... 135
3.7.2 Cable connection ...................................................................................................................................... 136
3.7.3 Busbar Trunking Size for Connection Type 'busbar trunking system for circuit-breaker design' ................ 137
3.7.4 Arcing Fault Levels .................................................................................................................................... 139
3.7.5 Equipment Rules for Ventilated Cubicles with 3- or 4-pole In-line Units .................................................... 140
3.8 Technical Data of SIVACON 8PT Low-voltage Switchgear (only for China) ................................................ 141
3.8.1 Cubicles ..................................................................................................................................................... 141
3.9 Derating .................................................................................................................................................... 145
3.9.1 Rated Currents for 1 Circuit-breaker/Cubicle with 3WT .............................................................................. 145
3.9.2 Rated Currents for 2 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WT ............................................................................. 146
3.9.3 Rated Currents for 3 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WT ............................................................................. 147
3.9.4 Rated Currents for 1 Circuit-breaker/Cubicle with 3WL .............................................................................. 148
3.9.5 Rated currents for 2 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WL, Rear Connection ................................................. 149
3.9.6 Rated Currents for 2 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WL, Front Connection ............................................... 150
3.9.7 Rated Currents for 3 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WL ............................................................................. 151
3.9.8 Rated Currents for 1 Circuit-breaker/Cubicle with 3VL ............................................................................... 151
3.10 Forms of Internal Separation in a Low-voltage Switchgear Cabinet (Forms 1-4) ....................................... 152
3.10.1 Protection Targets acc. to IEC 60439-1 ...................................................................................................... 152
3.10.2 Legend ...................................................................................................................................................... 152
3.10.3 Form 1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 152
3.10.4 Form 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 153
3.10.4.1 Form 2a ..................................................................................................................................................... 153
3.10.4.2 Form 2b .................................................................................................................................................... 153
3.10.5 Form 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 153
3.10.5.1 Form 3a ..................................................................................................................................................... 153
3.10.5.2 Form 3b .................................................................................................................................................... 154

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3.10.6 Form 4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 154
3.10.6.1 Form 4a ..................................................................................................................................................... 154
3.10.6.2 Form 4b .................................................................................................................................................... 154
3.11 Electronic Overcurrent Trip Units (ETU) for 3WL Circuit-breakers .............................................................. 155
3.12 Protection against arcing faults by arc fault detection devices and their consideration in SIMARIS project 156
3.12.1 Arcing faults in final circuits ...................................................................................................................... 156
3.12.1.1 Causes ....................................................................................................................................................... 156
3.12.1.2 Development of an arc as a result of a faulty point in the cable ................................................................ 157
3.12.2 Closing the protection gap for serial and parallel arcing faults .................................................................. 158
3.12.3 Application areas of AFDDs for final circuits up to 16 A ............................................................................. 160
3.12.4 Consideration of AFDDs in project planning with SIMARIS project ............................................................. 160
3.13 Standards in SIMARIS project ..................................................................................................................... 161
3.13.1 Standards for Project Planning in SIMARIS project ..................................................................................... 161
3.13.2 Explanations for the Standard for Medium-voltage Switchgear (IEC 62271-200) ..................................... 163
3.13.2.1 Operational Availability Category .............................................................................................................. 163
3.13.2.2 Type of Access to Compartments .............................................................................................................. 163
3.13.2.3 Internal Arc Classification IAC .................................................................................................................... 164

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1 Essential and special Information on Network
Calculation and System Planning using the
SIMARIS Software Tools
1.1 Power Supply Systems, Connection to Earth
1.1.1 Introduction to Power Supply Systems
Power supply systems are distinguished according to their
type and number of live conductors,
type of connection to earth,
and the design of this connection to earth.

The code letters have the following meaning:
Code let-
ter
Meaning in French Meaning in English / German
T terre earth / Erde
I isol isolated / isoliert
N neutre neutral / neutral
S spar separated / getrennt
C combin combined / kombiniert

The designation for the power system configuration is made up from the code letters as follows:
First letter:
it characterizes the earthing condition of the supply-
ing power source.
T Directly earthed power source
I Insulation of live parts against earth or connection to
earth via impedance
Second letter:
it characterizes the earthing condition of the ex-
posed conductive parts in the electrical installation.
T Exposed conductive parts are connected to earth either
separately, in groups or jointly.
N exposed conductive parts are directly connected to the
earthed point of the electrical installation via protective
conductors
Further letters:
characterize the arrangement of the neutral conduc-
tor N and the protective conductor PE in the TN
network.
S Neutral conductor and protective conductor are wired as
separate conductors.
C Neutral and protective conductor are combined in one
conductor (PEN).

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1.1.2 TN-S system

1.1.2.1 Features
In the TN-S system, the neutral point of the voltage source is directly earthed (system earth electrode).
Exposed conductive parts are connected to the neutral point of the voltage source through a defined connection.
Throughout the entire network, the protective conductor is wired separate from the neutral conductor.
There is only one central earthing point (CEP) for each subnetwork, from where PEN is split into PE+N.
In the further course of the cable/busbar run, N+PE must not be connected any more.
Thus, the entire system must be built up as a 5-conductor network starting from the main distribution board down to
the final load level.

1.1.2.2 Advantages
A short-circuit to an exposed conductive part becomes a fault with an appropriately high fault current.
Simple protective devices, such as fuses or circuit-breakers, can take over the task to disconnect the faulted item of
equipment.
The separation of PE and N throughout the entire system ensures that no stray currents will flow through building
constructions or conductor shields, which might cause disturbances in the IT systems or lead to corrosion.

1.1.2.3 Disadvantages
Five conductors are needed in the entire power system.
Parallel network operation is not permitted, when subnetworks are connected.
Subnetworks must be separated by 4-pole switching devices.
It often happens that connections between PE+N are erroneously made in the further course of the network.

1.1.2.4 Precautions
During installation, or respectively in case of system expansions, care must be taken that no further splitting bridge is
used within a subnetwork downstream of the central earthing point (attention: national installation practice for
HVAC!).
In addition, a converter must be provided on the central earthing point that monitors the currents through PE with the
aid of a current watchdog and renders appropriate feedback signals.

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1.1.3 TN-C system

1.1.3.1 Features
In the TN-C system, the neutral point of the voltage source is directly earthed (system earth electrode).
Starting from the feed-in point down to the loads, the PE+N function is implemented through a combined conductor,
the PEN.
Please observe that the PEN must be laid insulated throughout its entire course, also inside switchgear cabinets. For
mechanical reasons it is mandatory that the conductor cross section of the PEN be 10 mm for c opper, and 16
mm for aluminium.

1.1.3.2 Advantages
Simple protective devices, such as fuses or circuit-breakers, can take over the task of disconnecting the faulted item of
equipment.
In the entire power system, only cables with a maximum of 4 conductors are laid, which will result in savings in the
cable installation as compared to the TN-S system.
The use of 3-pole protective devices is sufficient.

The jointly wired PE+N in form of one PEN conductor throughout the entire system results in undesired effects and
dangerous consequential damage caused by stray currents. These currents strain electrical as well as metallic mechan-
ical systems.
Corrosion in the building construction, load and possible inflammations of data cable shields, interference to and
corruption of data packages owing to induction, etc. are some of the examples of consequential damage that might
arise.

1.1.3.4 Precautions
When new installations are built, or the system is expanded, TN-S systems shall be used.

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1.1.4 TN-C-S system

1.1.4.1 Features
In the TN-C-S system, the neutral point of the voltage source is directly earthed (system earth electrode).
Starting from the feed-in point down to a certain point in the network, the PE+N function is covered by a combined
conductor, the PEN.
Please observe that within the range of this PEN, the PEN must be laid insulated throughout its entire course, also
inside switchgear cabinets. For mechanical reasons, it is mandatory that the conductor cross section of the PEN be
10 mm
2
for copper, and 16 mm
for aluminium.
Starting from this subnetwork, one or more 5-conductor networks (TN-S networks) with separate PE+N will branch.

1.1.4.2 Advantages
Simple protective devices, such as fuses or circuit-breakers, can take over the task of disconnecting the faulted item of
equipment.
In some parts of the power system, only cables with a maximum of 4 conductors are laid, which will result in savings
in the cable installation as compared to the pure TN-S system.
If a joint PEN is wired beyond the main distribution board, this will have undesired effects and result in dangerous
consequential damage caused by stray currents. These currents strain electrical as well as metallic mechanical sys-
tems.
Corrosion in the building construction, load and possible inflammations of data cable shields, interference to and
corruption of data packages owing to induction, etc. are some of the examples of consequential damage that might
arise.

1.1.4.4 Precautions
When new installations are built, or the system is expanded, TN-S systems shall be relied on downward of the main
distribution.

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1.1.5 TT system

1.1.5.1 Features
In the TT system, the neutral point of the voltage source is directly earthed (system earth electrode).
The exposed conductive parts of the electrical installation are also directly earthed.
System earth electrode and protective earthing of items of equipment are not conductively connected.
The earthing system for the system earth electrode must be at a minimum distance of 20 m from that of the protec-
tive earthing.

1.1.5.2 Advantages
Protective conductors are used to earth equipment in protection class I at their mounting location.
This means that the location and the exposed conductive part will take approximately the same electrical potential
even in case of a short-circuit, so that the touch voltage UT = 0 V.
A short-circuit to an exposed conductive part now becomes an earth fault, and not a short-circuit, as in the TN system.
Therefore, the fault current is relatively low compared to the TN system.

The fault currents are not defined.
If the earth electrode for the exposed conductive part is interrupted, the entire fault current will flow though the hu-
man body.
Under unfavourable conditions, this current is lower that the trip current of an RCCD, but there is danger to life!
Typically, protective devices in the form of fuses cannot be applied owing to the low fault current.
Normally, RCDs (residual current devices, formerly "RCCBs", residual-current-operated circuit-breakers) are required.

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1.1.6 IT system

1.1.6.1 Features
In the IT system, the phase conductors and if available, the neutral conductor of the voltage source, too are isolat-
ed to earth under normal operating conditions, or they are high-resistance-earthed.
The exposed conductive parts which are connected in the installation are individually or jointly connected to earth
through a (joint) protective conductor.

1.1.6.2 Advantages
In case of a single short-circuit or earth fault, hazardous shock currents cannot flow.
The fault must merely be signalled, not disconnected (insulation monitoring).
After the fault was indicated, the operator can take his time to locate the fault while the network remains operable.
In case of a second fault, the network must be disconnected similar to the TN or TT system.
High availability and ideal supply conditions for hazardous locations owing to missing internal arcs during the
first fault.

Voltage increase during the healthy phases after occurrence of the first fault for device selection, please bear in
mind that the isolation value which is required is higher.
In addition to insulation monitoring, protection against overload must be ensured through the use of fuses or circuit-
breakers.
Since conditions will not always be identical to that of the TN system after the first fault, but can possibly approximate
the TT system owing to undefined earth connections, it is sometimes necessary to apply additional RCCBs to isolate
low faults currents.

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1.2 Degrees of Protection for Electrical Equipment
1.2.1 Designation Structure for Degrees of Protection
The designation always starts with the letters IP ('international protection'),
followed by a two-digit number. This number indicates which scope of protection an enclosure provides in terms of
- contact or solid external bodies (first digit)
- and humidity (second digit).
Optionally, another letter plus a supplementary letter may follow after the two numbers. The additional letter is of
significance for the protection of persons and renders information about the protection against access to dangerous
parts
- with the back of one's hand (A)
- with a finger (B)
- with tools (C)
- and wire (D).

1.2.2 Degrees of Protection against Ingress of Foreign Bodies (first code
number)
First
code
number
Short description Definition
0 Not protected --
1 Protected against ingress of foreign bodies of
50 mm in diameter and larger
The probe, a ball of 50 mm in diameter,
must not fully penetrate
*)

12.5 mm in diameter and larger
The probe, a ball of 12.5 mm in diameter,
must not fully penetrate
*)

2.5 mm in diameter and larger
The probe, a ball of 2.5 mm in diameter,
must not penetrate at all
1 mm in diameter and larger
The probe, a ball of 1 mm in diameter,
must not penetrate at all
5 Dust-protected Ingress of dust is not completely prevented, but dust may
not penetrate to such an extent that satisfactory device
operation or the safety would be impaired
6 Dust-proof No ingress of dust

*)
Note: The full diameter of the probe must not fit through the opening of the enclosure.

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1.2.3 Degrees of Protection against the Ingress of Water (second code
number)
Second
code
number
Short description Definition
0 Not protected --
1 Protected against dripping water Vertically falling drops must not have any harmful
effect
2 Protected against dripping water if the enclo-
sure is tilted up to 15
Vertically falling drops must not have any harmful
effect if the enclosure is tilted up to 15 to either side of
the plum line
3 Protected against spray water Water sprayed at a 60 angle of either side of the plumb
line must not have any harmful effect
4 Protected against splash water Water splashing onto the enclosure from any side must
not have any harmful effect
5 Protected against jet water Water in form of a water jet directed onto the enclosure
from any side must not have any harmful effect
6 Protected against strong water jets (hose-
proof)
Water splashing onto the enclosure from any side in form
of a strong water jet must not have any harmful effect
7 Protected against the effects of
temporary immersion in water
Water must not enter in such quantities that would cause
harmful effects if the enclosure is temporarily fully im-
mersed in water under standardized pressure and time
conditions
8 Protected against the effects of
permanent immersion in water
Water must not enter in such quantities that would cause
harmful effects if the enclosure is permanently fully im-
mersed in water under conditions to be agreed between
manufacturer and user. The conditions must, however, be
stricter than imposed for code number 7.

1.3 Explanations on the Consideration of Functional Endurance
in the SIMARIS Software Tools
1.3.1 Functional Endurance Basics
Construction regulations set special requirements on the electricity supply systems of safety facilities: the functionality of
the cabling system must be ensured for a specific period of time even in case of fire.
This is ensured if the cables/wires and busbar trunking systems are used with a functional endurance classification E30,
E60, E90, or E120 in accordance with DIN 4102-12 and based on the rules of acceptance of these products.
This requires that the wires, cables or busbar trunking systems can resist a fire and do not cease to function because of a
short-circuit, current interruption or loss of their insulation.
It must be verified that voltage drop and tripping conditions for personal protection (VDE 0100 Part 410) are also main-
tained under increased fire temperature conditions.

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1.3.1.1 Fire Prevention for Building Structures of Special Type and Usage
"Fire protection equipment and fire prevention" for electrical installations are in particular necessary for building struc-
tures intended for special use. These are, for instance, hospitals or venues for public gathering. According to DIN VDE
0100-560 (previously DIN VDE 0100-718) "Communal facilities" and DIN VDE 0100-710 (previously DIN VDE 0107) "Medi-
cal locations", electrial installations must remain operable for a certain period of time, even in case of fire.
According to these standards, safety-relevant systems must remain operable for a specific period of time.
These are, for instance:
Fire alarm systems
Installations for alarming and instructing visitors and employees
Safety lighting
Ventilation systems for safety stairways, lift wells and machine rooms of fire fighting lifts, for which a 90-minute min-
imum time of operability under full fire conditions must be ensured
Water pressure rising systems for the supply of fire-extinguishing water
Smoke extraction systems
Lift systems for evacuating people with an evacuation circuit, which must remain operable for a
minimum time of 30 minutes under full fire conditions in the feeder cable area

1.3.1.2 Selection of Fire Areas for the Calculation of Voltage Drop and
Tripping Condition
When functional endurance is calculated under increased fire temperatures, it is assumed that this fire temperature may
only occur in one fire area, and that fire walls with a fire resistance class F90 will prevent spreading of the fire. This means
that cables and busbar trunking systems can be divided into several sections, of which one section may be exposed to the
fire temperature and the others to normal room temperature. If a cabling system crosses more than 1 fire area, the fire
area with the longest cable route shall be factored into the calculation, this allows to always assume and calculate the
most unfavourable case.

1.3.1.3 Calculation Basis
The calculation establishes the increased active resistance arising due to the temperature rise in the fire.
The voltage drop is individually determined, i.e. for the hot (= defined largest fire area) and each of the cold fire areas.
This means that the higher temperature is used for calculating the "hot fire area".
The entire voltage drop across all areas is used to verify and output the data.
the minimum short-circuit current is calculating with the highest impedance. The overall impedance is the sum of all
impedance values in the fire areas, dependent on the higher temperature in the hot area and the impedance of the
cold areas with normal temperatures.

Fire area 1 Fire area 2
Coldfire area Hot fire area
[ ] [ ] V u A I ,

15
1.3.1.4 Types of Functional Endurance and how they are considered in
SIMARIS design
The following options are available for ensuring functional endurance of a busbar/cabling system:
Protection through enclosure of the busbar trunking systems
Protection through enclosure of standard cables
Laying of cables with integrated functional endurance

1.3.1.4.1 Enclosing Busbar Trunking Systems
A temperature of 150 C is assumed for the busbar trunking systems. This temperature applies to all functional endurance
classes. This temperature is only set and used for calculating the voltage drop and the tripping condition in the largest fire
area. This default may, however, be subsequently altered depending on specific project conditions.
All enclosed busbar trunking systems require the consideration of derating factors. This must happen independent of the
fact whether a fire area was defined or not.
For dimensioning, the current carrying capacity of the busbar trunking systems must be reduced accordingly on the basis
of system-specific derating tables.
Enclosing busbar trunking systems is only permissible for the BD2, LD and LX systems (both for Al and Cu).
The derating tables for the various busbar trunking systems are kept in SIMARIS design. The software automatically ac-
cesses these tables in the course of calculations, as soon as an enclosure is entered for the respective type of busbar
trunking system. However, the user has no access to these tables in the software, e.g. to display data, etc.
The following derating tables for the various busbar trunking systems are kept in SIMARIS design.

BD2 system
Mounting
position
flat, hori-
zontal and
vertical
Maximum
current,
vented
from all
sides
Ie
with a
plate
thickness
of 50 mm
Functional
endurance
class
Mounting
position
flat, hori-
zontal and
vertical
Maximum
current,
vented
from all
sides
Ie
with a
plate
thickness
of 50 mm
Functional
endurance
class
System Ie [A] Ie [A] System Ie [A] Ie [A]
BD2A-160 160 100 E90 BD2C-160 160 100 E90
BD2A-250 250 160 E90 BD2C-250 250 160 E90
BD2A-315 315 200 E90 BD2C-315 315 200 E90
BD2A-400 400 250 E90 BD2C-400 400 250 E90
BD2A-500 500 315 E120 BD2C-500 500 315 E120
BD2A-630 630 400 E120 BD2C-630 630 400 E120
BD2A-800 800 500 E120 BD2C-800 800 500 E120
BD2A-1000 1000 630 E120 BD2C-1000 1000 630 E120
BD2C-1250 1250 800 E120

16
LD system
Mounting
position
Maxi-
mum
current
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
horizontal
edgewise
IP34,
vented
from all
sides
20 mm plates 40 mm plates 60 mm plates
System Ie [A] Ie [A] Ie [A] Ie [A]
LDA1 1100 675 0.61 E60 603 0.55 E90 540 0.49 E120
LDA2 1250 750 0.60 E60 670 0.54 E90 600 0.48 E120
LDA3 1600 912 0.57 E60 804 0.50 E90 720 0.45 E120
LDA4 2000 1140 0.57 E90 1005 0.50 E120 900 0.45 E120
LDA5 2500 1425 0.57 E90 1250 0.50 E120 1125 0.45 E120
LDA6 3000 1710 0.57 E90 1500 0.50 E120 1350 0.45 E120
LDA7 3700 2109 0.57 E90 1850 0.50 E120 1665 0.45 E120
LDA8 4000 2280 0.57 E90 2000 0.50 E120 1800 0.45 E120

LDC2 2000 1200 0.60 E60 1072 0.54 E90 960 0.48 E120
LDC3 2600 1500 0.58 E60 1340 0.52 E90 1200 0.46 E120
LDC6 3400 1950 0.57 E90 1742 0.51 E120 1560 0.46 E120
LDC7 4400 2508 0.57 E90 2200 0.50 E120 1980 0.45 E120
LDC8 5000 2850 0.57 E90 2500 0.50 E120 2250 0.45 E120

Mounting
position
Maxi-
mum
current,
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
horizontal
edgewise
IP54,
vented
from all
sides
system Ie [A] Ie [A] Ie [A] Ie [A]
LDA1 900 675 0.75 E60 603 0.67 E90 540 0.60 E120
LDA2 1000 750 0.75 E60 670 0.67 E90 600 0.60 E120
LDA3 1200 900 0.75 E60 804 0.67 E90 720 0.60 E120
LDA4 1500 1125 0.75 E90 1005 0.67 E120 900 0.60 E120
LDA5 1800 1350 0.75 E90 1206 0.67 E120 1080 0.60 E120
LDA6 2000 1500 0.75 E90 1340 0.67 E120 1200 0.60 E120
LDA7 2400 1800 0.75 E90 1608 0.67 E120 1440 0.60 E120
LDA8 2700 2025 0.75 E90 1809 0.67 E120 1620 0.60 E120

LDC2 1600 1200 0.75 E60 1072 0.67 E90 960 0.60 E120
LDC3 2000 1500 0.75 E60 1340 0.67 E90 1200 0.60 E120
LDC6 2600 1950 0.75 E90 1742 0.67 E120 1560 0.60 E120
LDC7 3200 2400 0.75 E90 2144 0.67 E120 1920 0.60 E120
LDC8 3600 2700 0.75 E90 2412 0.67 E120 2160 0.60 E120

17
LD system
Mounting
position
Maxi-
mum
current
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
flat hori-
zontal
IP34
IP54
vented
from all
sides
LDA1 700 602 0.86 E60 545 0.78 E90 486 0.69 E120
LDA2 750 645 0.86 E60 584 0.78 E90 521 0.69 E120
LDA3 1000 860 0.86 E60 778 0.78 E90 694 0.69 E120
LDA4 1200 1032 0.86 E90 934 0.78 E120 833 0.69 E120
LDA5 1700 1462 0.86 E90 1323 0.78 E120 1180 0.69 E120
LDA6 1800 1548 0.86 E90 1400 0.78 E120 1250 0.69 E120
LDA7 2200 1892 0.86 E90 1712 0.78 E120 1527 0.69 E120
LDA8 2350 2021 0.86 E90 1828 0.78 E120 1631 0.69 E120

LDC2 1200 1032 0.86 E60 934 0.78 E90 833 0.69 E120
LDC3 1550 1333 0.86 E60 1206 0.78 E90 1076 0.69 E120
LDC6 2000 1720 0.86 E90 1556 0.78 E120 1388 0.69 E120
LDC7 2600 2236 0.86 E90 2023 0.78 E120 1804 0.69 E120
LDC8 3000 2580 0.86 E90 2334 0.78 E120 2082 0.69 E120

Mounting
position
Maxi-
mum
current
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
Current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
vertical IP34,
vented
from all
sides
LDA1 950 675 0.71 E60 603 0.63 E90 540 0.57 E120
LDA2 1100 750 0.68 E60 670 0.61 E90 600 0.55 E120
LDA3 1250 900 0.72 E60 804 0.64 E90 720 0.58 E120
LDA4 1700 1125 0.66 E90 1005 0.59 E120 900 0.53 E120
LDA5 2100 1350 0.64 E90 1206 0.57 E120 1080 0.51 E120
LDA6 2300 1500 0.65 E90 1340 0.58 E120 1200 0.52 E120
LDA7 2800 1800 0.64 E90 1608 0.57 E120 1440 0.51 E120
LDA8 3400 2025 0.60 E90 1809 0.53 E120 1620 0.48 E120

LDC2 1650 1200 0.73 E60 1072 0.65 E90 960 0.58 E120
LDC3 2100 1500 0.71 E60 1340 0.64 E90 1200 0.57 E120
LDC6 2700 1950 0.72 E90 1742 0.65 E120 1560 0.58 E120
LDC7 3500 2400 0.69 E90 2144 0.61 E120 1920 0.55 E120
LDC8 4250 2700 0.64 E90 2412 0.57 E120 2160 0.51 E120

18
LD system
Mounting
position
Maxi-
mum
current,
current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
current
calculat-
ed
with
Reduc-
tion
factor
Func-
tional
endur-
ance
class
vertical IP54
freely
ventilat-
ed
LDA1 900 675 0.75 E60 603 0.67 E90 540 0.60 E120
LDA2 1000 750 0.75 E60 670 0.67 E90 600 0.60 E120
LDA3 1200 900 0.75 E60 804 0.67 E90 720 0.60 E120
LDA4 1500 1125 0.75 E90 1005 0.67 E120 900 0.60 E120
LDA5 1800 1350 0.75 E90 1206 0.67 E120 1080 0.60 E120
LDA6 2000 1500 0.75 E90 1340 0.67 E120 1200 0.60 E120
LDA7 2400 1800 0.75 E90 1608 0.67 E120 1440 0.60 E120
LDA8 2700 2025 0.75 E90 1809 0.67 E120 1620 0.60 E120

LDC2 1600 1200 0.75 E60 1072 0.67 E90 960 0.60 E120
LDC3 2000 1500 0.75 E60 1340 0.67 E90 1200 0.60 E120
LDC6 2600 1950 0.75 E90 1742 0.67 E120 1560 0.60 E120
LDC7 3200 2400 0.75 E90 2144 0.67 E120 1920 0.60 E120
LDC8 3600 2700 0.75 E90 2412 0.67 E120 2160 0.60 E120

LX system
Functional
endurance
class w. 40
mm Promat
Functional
endurance
class w. 50
mm Promat
System Ie [A] Ie [A] Ie [A]
LXA01... 800 480 E120
LXA02... 1000 600 E120
LXA04... 1250 750 E120
LXA05... 1600 960 E120
LXA06... 2000 1200 E120
LXA07... 2500 1500 E120
LXA08... 3200 2080 E120
LXA09... 4000 2600 E120
LXA10... 4500 2925 E120

LXC01... 1000 600 E120
LXC02... 1250 750 E120
LXC03... 1400 840 E120
LXC04... 1600 960 E120
LXC05... 2000 1200 E120
LXC06... 2500 1500 E120
LXC07... 3200 1920 E120
LXC08... 4000 2600 E120
LXC09... 5000 3250 E120

19
1.3.1.4.2 Enclosing Standard Cables
To calculate cables and wires, we recommend assuming a temperature of 150C. This is true for all functional endurance
classes. (Bibl.: Heinz-Dieter Frse, Brandschutz fr Kabel und Leitungen, Hthig & Pflaum, 2005)
This temperature is only set and used for calculating the voltage drop and the tripping condition in the largest fire area.
This default may, however, be subsequently altered depending on a specific project condition.
The current carrying capacity of enclosed cables can be compared to that of laying in hollow spaces.
Therefore, installation type B2 (= multi-core cable, or multi-core sheathed installation wire in an installation duct on a
wall) instead of installation type C is automatically set as default in Simaris design for the enclosure of standard cables.
The user may, however, subsequently alter this setting. This means, the choice of installation types is not restricted, but
can be changed by the user at any time upon his own risk.
All insulation materials may be selected as enclosures, but PVC70 is automatically set as default.

20
1.3.1.4.3 Cables with integrated Functional Endurance
The current carrying capacity of the cable cross section is determined under the same conditions as during normal opera-
tion in accordance with DIN VDE 0298.
The temperature for calculating the voltage drop and the temperature for the disconnection condition of the fire area is
taken from the curve/table below, the standard temperature-time curve in the event of a fire is based on DIN 4102-2.
This data is automatically accessed by the software during a calculation operation.

t
0

corresponds
to
min K
0 0
5 556
10 658
15 719

30 822 E30
60 925 E60
90 986 E90
120 1029 E120
180 1090
240 1133
360 1194
0
= 345 lg (8t + 1)
= fire temperature in K
0
= temperature of the probes at test start in K
t = time in minutes

The use of cables with integrated functional endurance does not impose any constraints regarding their current carrying
capacity and the choice of an installation type.
However the choice of the
conductor material is limited to copper
and the insulation material to EPR and XLPE.

21

1.3.2 Consideration of Functional Endurance in SIMARIS project
1.3.2.1 Preliminary Note
SIMARIS project cannot consider the functional endurance of cables. Usually, several cables are laid together on cable
trays. For this reason, it doesn't make sense to consider using Promat for individual cables, instead the "promating" of
the entire cable tray should have to be considered. However, this is not possible based of the data available in SIMARIS
project, since there is no reference to the real course of the cables or the cable trays in the building.
For this reason, the explanations in the following sections only deal with the functional endurance of busbar trunking
systems and how it is considered in the software.

1.3.2.2 Functional Endurance for BD2, LD und LX Busbar Trunking Systems
1.3.2.2.1 Regulations
You can find a short introduction to the relevant regulations in chapter Fire prevention for building structures of special
type and usage.
In order to be able to offer the required functional endurance of busbar trunking systems, successful material tests for
BD2, LD and LX busbar trunking systems were performed in cooperation with the Promat Company at the Materialprfan-
stalt Braunschweig (an institute for material testing).

1.3.2.2.2 Execution
Essential parts for meeting the functional endurance requirement are special components for the functional endurance
duct and the support construction for the duct and the BD2, LD und LX busbar trunking systems. Dependent on the ambi-
ent conditions, several cable duct designs (compartmentalisation using 4-, 3-, 2-side partitions) and the support construc-
tion (fastening using threaded rods or wall brackets) are feasible. In this context, provisions made in test certificates is-
sued by construction supervision authorities must be observed:
The maximum permissible distances between fastenings and a maximum permissible tensile stress of 6 N/mm must
be kept
Only fastenings, partition material and pertaining accessories approved by building authorities must be used

22
Depending on the installation of the busbar trunking systems 2-, 3-, or 4-side compartmentalisation may be required.

Functional endurance with 2-side compartmentalisa-
tion:
C Busbar trunking system
C Partition
C Reinforcement of the partitions at the abutting edges
Brackets acc. to static requirements

tion:
C Partition

tion:
C Partition
C Load distribution plate
C Threaded rod (M12/M16)
C Support profile acc. to static requirements

C+ C+ or C+ C+ C = special support construction
(as described in Specification of works and services)

The price for the special support construction must be
added to the budget price.

Note:
4-side compartmentalisation is only possible for horizon-
tal installation.

23
The required reduction factors are automatically considered in SIMARIS project according to the functional endurance
class and mounting position selected for the project.
When a project is imported from SIMARIS design, the functional endurance class and the resulting busbar trunking
system as defined there are also imported.
The matching plate thickness is then automatically selected by SIMARIS project based on the selected functional en-
durance class.
Weight specifications and promating are based on manufacturer data.

24
1.4 Typification of Circuit-breakers in Medium-voltage
Switchgear
Legend for the following tables
Design variant
Not available
AR Automatic reclosing
NAR Non-automatic reclosing
CB-f Circuit Breaker fixed mounted

If a transformer is selected as feed-in system in SIMARIS design, two types of circuit-breakers will be available for selection
as "Type of switchgear" at the medium-voltage level.
In SIMARIS project, there is a corresponding selection possibility for the configuration of 8DJH medium-voltage switchgear
that uses the cubicle type. The other medium-voltage switchgear in SIMARIS project is characterized by other fea-
tures/designations for typifying switching devices. Please refer to tables in the following chapters.

1.4.1 NX PLUS C (primary distribution level)
The following table presents the circuit-breaker typification for NX PLUS C medium-voltage switchgear
in a differentiated manner.
Circuit-breaker 3AH55
CB-f AR
3AH25
CB-f AR
3AH55
CB-f AR
Rated voltage max. 15 kV max. 15 kV max. 24 kV
Short-circuit breaking current max. 31.5 kA max. 31.5 kA max. 25 kA
Rated switching sequence
O - 0.3 s - CO - 3 min - CO
O - 0.3 s - CO - 15 s - CO
O - 3 min - CO - 3 min - CO
Number of
break operations Ir 10,000 30,000 10,000
short-circuit break operations ISC max. 50 max. 50 max. 50
In a single cubicle 600 mm
In a single cubicle 900 mm

25
1.4.2 8DJH (secondary distribution level)
The following table presents the circuit-breaker typification for 8DJH medium-voltage switchgear
Circuit-breaker Type 1.1
(CB-f AR)
Type 2
(CB-f AR)
Rated voltage max. 24 kV max. 24 kV
Short-circuit breaking current max. 25 kA max. 20 kA
*)

O - 0.3 s - CO - 3 min - CO
O - 0.3 s - CO - 15 s - CO Upon request
Number of
break operations Ir 10,000 2,000
short-circuit break operations ISC max. 50 max. 20
In a single panel 430 mm
500 mm
In the panel block 430 mm

*)
Max. 21 kA at 60 Hz

1.4.3 8DJH36 (secondary distribution level)
The following table presents the circuit-breaker typification for 8DJH36 medium-voltage switchgear
Circuit-breaker Type 1.1
(CB-f AR)
Type 2
(CB-f AR)
O - 0.3 s - CO - 3 min - CO
Number of
break operations Ir 10.000 2000
short-circuit break operations ISC max. 50 max. 20
In the panel block 590 mm

26
1.4.4 SIMOSEC (secondary distribution level)
The following table presents the circuit-breaker typification for SIMOSEC medium-voltage switchgear
Circuit-breaker CB-f AR CB-f NAR
O - 0.3 s - CO - 3 min - CO
Number of
break operations Ir 10.000 2000
short-circuit break operations ISC
30
option: 50
20
750 mm

27
1.5 SIVACON 8PS Busbar Trunking Systems
1.5.1 Overview of Busbar Trunking Systems from 40 up to 6,300 A
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

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x
a
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28
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30
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s
t
e
m

L
R

f
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r

t
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t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n

o
f

h
i
g
h

c
u
r
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e
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31
1.5.2 Configuration Rules for Busbar Trunking Systems
1.5.2.1 Wiring Options for Busbar Trunking Systems
The following table provides an overview of the wiring options which are suitable for the respective busbar trunking sys-
tem or the busbar mounting positions.
Meaning of the abbreviations used here
HE horizontal / edgewise
HF horizontal / flat
V vertical

Busbar trunking
system
Possible installation types / mounting
positions
CD-K HE
BD 01 HE , HF
BD 2 HE , HF , V
LD HE , HF , V
LX HE , HF , V
LR HE , HF , V

Generally speaking, busbar trunking systems are dimensioned in terms of their current carrying capacity which is inde-
pendent of their installation type / mounting position. But there are exceptions, which will be explained in more detail in
the following.
SIMARIS design considers all of the configuration rules listed below for the dimensioning and checking of 8PS busbar
trunking systems.

32
LD system
SIMARIS design considers the derating of the LD busbar trunking systems dependent on the degree of protection and
installation type, when dimensioning and checking the busbar trunking system.
The following type key permits a precise definition of the required system.

33
LX system
For the following systems, the rated current is independent of the mounting position of the busbars. This means that
derating is unnecessary.

One exception is the flat horizontal mounting position, for which a derating based on the table below must be consid-
ered:
system horizontal on edge flat horizontal
LXC 01.... 1,000 A 800 A
LXC 03.... 1,400 A 1,380 A
LXC 04.... 1,600 A 1,570 A
LXC 05.... 2,000 A 1,900 A
LXC 07.... 3,200 A 3,100 A
LXA 07.... 2,500 A 2,400 A
LXA 09.... 4,000 A 3,800 A

34
1.5.2.2 Possible Combinations of different Busbar Trunking Systems
within one Busbar Section
Busbar trunking
system
Possible combinations with other types
CD-K None.
BD 01 None.
BD 2A None.
BD 2C None.
LDA LRA , LRC
LDC LRA , LRC
LXA LRA , LRC
LXC LRA , LRC
LRA LDA , LDC , LXA , LXC
LRC LDA , LDC , LXA , LXC

1.5.2.3 Guidelines for Busbar Trunking Systems for their Direct Connection to a Switch
and Current Feeding from Cables
CD - K and BD01 systems
As a rule, these busbar trunking systems must always be fed from cable connection boxes.
There is no option for a direct switch connection in the installation.
Therefore, these systems are unsuitable for power transmission and for this reason, this function cannot be selected in
SIMARIS design.

BD 2 system
BD2 systems are suitable for connection by means of a cable connection box as well as direct connection to a switch in
the installation, this applies to their entire current range rating (160 A - 1,250 A). There are no constraints. Therefore,
these systems are technically suitable for power transmission and can be selected accordingly in SIMARIS design.

LD systems
LD systems are suitable for connection by means of a cable connection box as well as direct connection to a switch in the
installation, this applies to their entire current range rating (1,100 A - 5,000 A). The following tables indicate which sys-
tems can also be fed from a cable connection box.
Conductor materi-
al
Type designation Cable connection
possible
Aluminium LDA 1...
LDA 2...
LDA 3...
LDA 4...
LDA 5...
LDA 6...
LDA 7...
LDA 8...

35
Conductor materi-
al
possible
Copper LDC 2...
LDC 3...
LDC 6...
LDC 7...
LDC 8...

LX system
LX systems are suitable for connection by means of a cable connection box as well as direct connection to a switch in the
installation, this applies to their entire current range rating (800 A - 6,300 A). The following tables indicate which systems
can also be fed from a cable connection box.
Conductor materi-
al
possible
Aluminium LXA 01..
LXA 02..
LXA 04..
LXA 05..
LXA 06..
LXA 07..
LXA 08..
LXA 09..
LXA 10..
Copper LXC 01..
LXC 02..
LXC 03..
LXC 04..
LXC 05....
LXC 06..
LXC 07..
LXC 08..
LXC 09..
LXC 10..

36
1.5.2.4 Possible Switching/Protective Devices in Tap-off Units for Busbar Trunking Sys-
tems

Type of switchgear top Busbar trunking system
CD-K BD 01 BD 2 LD LX
Circuit-breaker
Switch disconnector with fuse
1)

Fuse switch disconnector
1)

Fuse with base

1)
No in-line type design permitted!
1.5.2.5 Device Selection of Switching/Protective Devices for Busbar Trunking
Systems Featuring Power Transmission
Generally speaking, no in-line type switch disconnectors or air circuit-breakers (ACB) are selected and dimensioned for
tap-off units for busbar trunking systems. A manual selection permits to select all of the switches suitable for the respec-
tive current range of the load feeder. In this context it should however be clarified with a Siemens sales office whether
this feeder can be designed in form of a special tap-off unit.
Busbar trunking
system
Device selection
Automatic dimensioning Manual selection from Catalogue
1)

CD-K NEOZED
fuse base up to 16 A
NEOZED
fuse base up to 16 A
BD01 Miniature circuit-breaker
(MCB) up to 63 A
Miniature circuit-breaker
(MCB) up to 63 A
Circuit-breaker, motor protection
(MSP) up to 63 A
Fuse base
DIAZED up to 63 A
Fuse base
NEOZED up to 63 A
BD 2

Moulded-case circuit-breaker
(MCCB) up to 250 A
(MCB) up to 63 A
Switch disconnector with fuses
up to 125 A
up to 400 A
Fuse and base
NEOZED up to 63 A

(MCCB) up to 530 A
(MCB) up to 63 A
(MSP) up to 63 A
up to 125 A
Switch disconnector for NEOZED fuses
up to 63 A
up to 400 A
Fuse and base
DIAZED up to 63 A
Fuse and base
NEOZED up to 63 A

37
Busbar trunking
system
Device selection
Automatic dimensioning Manual selection from Catalogue
1)

LD Moulded-case circuit-breaker
(MCCB) up to 1,250 A
up to 630 A

(MCCB) up to 1,250 A
(MCB) up to 63 A
(MSP) up to 63 A
up to 630 A
up to 63 A
Fuse and base
DIAZED up to 63 A
Fuse and base
NEOZED up to 63 A
LX Moulded-case circuit-breaker
MCCB up to 1,250 A
up to 630 A
MCCB up to 1,250 A
(MCB) up to 63 A
(MSP) up to 63 A
up to 630 A
up to 63 A
Fuse and base
DIAZED up to 63 A
Fuse and base
NEOZED up to 63 A

1)
Manual selection is not limited in any way.

38
1.5.2.6 Matrix Table for Busbar Trunking Systems and Matching Tap-off units
Matching tap-off units to be used for the fuses and devices dimensioned in SIMARIS design and intended to be built into
the power tap-off units of busbar trunking systems, can be found with the aid of the following table.
Busbar
trunking
system
Device selection
Dimensioned device Devices to be tendered or ordered
CD-K Fuse base
NEOZED up to 16 A

5SG5..
Tap-off piece : CD-K-A5M-0
CD-K-A3M-.
Fuse 5SE23.. Cylindrical fuse CD-ZS-2...16
BD01 Miniature circuit-breaker
MCB up to 63 A

5SJ.., 5SP..,
5SQ.., 5SX..,
5SY.
Tap-off unit: BD01-AK1../..
BD01-AK2../..
BD2 Circuit-breaker
MCCB up to 530 A

3VL...
Tap-off unit:
max. 125 A
max. 250 A
max. 400 A
max. 530 A

BD2-AK03X/..
BD2-AK04/..
BD2-AK05/..
BD2-AK06/..
MCB up to 63 A

5SJ.., 5SP..,
5SQ.., 5SX..,
5SY...
Tap-off unit:
max. 16 A
max. 63 A

BD2-AK1/..
BD2-AK02X/..
BD2-AK2X/..
Switch-disconnector with
fuses
max. 125 A

3KL5..,
Tap-off unit:
max. 125 A

BD2-AK3X/..
Fuse: 3NA3.. size 00 Fuse: 3NA3.. size 00
max. 400 A

3NP4..
Tap-off unit:
max. 125 A
max. 250 A
max. 400 A

BD2-AK03X/..
BD2-AK04/..
BD2-AK05/..
Fuse: 3NA3.. up to size 2 Fuse: 3NA3.. up to size 2
Fuse base
NEOZED up to 63 A

5SG5..
Tap-off unit:
max. 63 A

BD2-AK02X/..
BD2-AK2X/..
Fuse: 5SE23.. Fuse: 5SE23..
DIAZED up to 63 A: 5SF..
Fuse: 5SA.., 5SB.. Fuse: 5SA.., 5SB...
LD Circuit-breaker
MCCB max. 1250 A

3VL
Tap-off unit: LD-K-AK./..
max. 630 A

3NP4..
Tap-off unit: LD-K-AK./..
LX Circuit-breaker
MCCB max. 1250 A

3VL..
Tap-off unit: LX-AK./FS..
Switch-disconnector with
fuses
max. 630 A

3KL5/6..


39
1.5.2.7 Particularities concerning the Simultaneity Factor of Busbar Trunking Systems
for Power Distribution
Busbar trunking systems for power distribution may be composed of several busbar sections. For each busbar section, a
separate simultaneity factor referring to the loads connected may be entered in SIMARIS design. However, busbar sec-
tions indexed with a simultaneity factor do not reduce upstream busbar sections.
The behaviour shown in calculations in SIMARIS design differs from that of point-to-point distribution boards, since here,
the loads connected to the upstream distribution board will be reduced again.
The graphics below show a comparison of both cases including the respective technical data in the possible graphical
representations of the network diagram in SIMARIS design.
The technical data in these diagrams are only legible, if you zoom up the document very much, e.g. to 500%. Otherwise a
legible graphic representation of the network diagram in the document format of this manual (DIN A4) would not have
been possible.

Single-line diagram with device parameters:

40
Single-line diagram with load flow / load distribution

41
Single-line diagram with short-circuit load:

42
Energy report:

43
1.6 Parallel Cables in Network Calculation and System Planning
1.6.1 Considering Parallel Cables in Network Calculations
If two or more conductors in a circuit are connected with the same phase or pole of a circuit (parallel connection), it must
be kept in mind, how the load current is split between the conductors.
An even splitting can be assumed if the conductors
are made of the same material,

have the same rated cross section
approx. the same length,
have no branches along the entire circuit length

and
the conductors connected in parallel are contained in multi-core or twisted, single-core cables or lines,
or the conductors connected in parallel in single-core cables or lines, in closely bundled or flat arrangement, have a
rated cross section up to a maximum of 50mm Cu or 70mm Al,
or the conductors connected in parallel in single-core cables or lines, in closely bundled or flat arrangement, have a
higher rated cross section than 50mm Cu or 70mm Al while special installation measures were taken. These installa-
tion measures consist of a suitable phase sequence and spatial arrangement of the different phases or poles.

In this case, the current will rise at an even ratio in all cables connected in parallel in the event of overload.
Under such preconditions, it is possible to protect these parallel cables separately using protective devices of the same
type and size.
In SIMARIS design, these preconditions are regarded as given.
If the network diagram in SIMARIS design contains cable routes with parallel cables in the infeed, which were either de-
termined by automatic dimensioning or manually set, there are the following protection options:
Joint protection upstream and downstream of the respective route of parallel cables, i.e. prior to its splitting and after
joining the cables:

44
Separate protection at the beginning and end of the route of parallel cables, i.e. after its splitting and before joining
the cables again:

Separate protection at the beginning and end of the route of parallel cables, i.e. after its splitting and before joining
the cables again:

The network diagram in SIMARIS design does not represent this protection of parallel cable routes in such detail, but you
can recognize and determine this configuration at the following points:
The number of cables laid in parallel is only marked in the cable route labelling and not represented graphically. It
results either from automatic dimensioning, or can be set manually in the "Properties" dialog of the cable route.
The fuses or protective devices, too, are always graphically represented as one fuse or protective device, but in case of
separate protection they are labelled with the corresponding factor. The selection, how separate protection shall be
implemented, can be made by marking the feed-in circuit and choosing the desired separate protection in the respec-
tive circuit properties in the window section at the bottom left.

45
1.6.2 Parallel cables in incoming and outgoing feeders in the
SIVACON S8 system (low-voltage power distribution board)
Direct feed-in / outgoing feeder with parallel cables

Please note that possible connection points for cables are limited in a cubicle for direct feed-in / outgoing feeders.

An overview of cable connections options in a cubicle for direct feed-in / outgoing feeders is given in the
following table:
Cross section Number of cable cross sections to be connected as a function of the rated current
3 conductors 630 A 800 A 1,000 A 1,250 A 1,600 A
max. 240 mm
2
4 4 4 6 6
3 conductors 2,000 A 2,500 A 3,200 A 4,000 A
max. 300 mm
2
9 9 11 14

46
Incoming/outgoing feeder with circuit-breaker

Please note that the possible connection points for cables are limited in an incoming/outgoing feeder cubicle for air cir-
cuit-breakers (ACB).
An overview of cable connections options in a cubicle for 3W. circuit-breakers is given in the following table:
Cross section Number of cable cross sections to be connected as a function of the rated current
3 conductors 630 A 800 A 1,000 A 1,250 A 1,600 A
max. 240 mm
2
4 4 4 6 6
3 conductors 2,000 A 2,500 A 3,200 A 4,000 A
max. 300 mm
2
9 9 11 14

47
1.7 Considering the Installation Altitude of
Power Distribution Systems
1.7.1 Insulation Capacity of NXPLUS C and 8DJH Medium-voltage Systems
Dependent on the Installation Altitude
The insulation capacity is proved by testing the switchgear using rated values for the short-duration power-frequency
withstand voltage and the lightning impulse withstand voltage in accordance with IEC 62271-1 / VDE 0671-1.
The rated values are referred to the altitude zero above sea level and normal air conditions (1013 hPa, 20 C, 11 g/m
3

water content according to IEC 60071 and VDE 0111).
The insulating capacity decreases in rising altitudes. For installation altitudes above 1000 m (above sea level) the
standards do not provide any guidelines for assessing the insulation capacity, this is left to special arrangements.

All parts exposed to high voltage inside the system container are insulated against the earthed outer encapsulation using
SF6 gas.
The gas insulation with an excess gas pressure of 50 kPa allows for installation at any altitude above sea level without that
the voltage strength would be impaired. This is also true for cable connections using
plugged terminals for NXPLUS C systems
cable T-plugs or angular cable plugs for 8DJH systems.

In case of NXPLUS C switchgear, a reduction of the insulation capacity must merely be factored in for panels contain-
ing HV HRC fuses,
in case of 8DJH switchgear, for both the panels with HV HRC fuses and air-insulated metering panels,
when the installation altitude rises.

A higher insulation level must be selected for installation altitudes above 1000 m. This value is gained from a multiplica-
tion of the rated insulation level for 0 m to 1,000 m applying an altitude correction factor Ka (see illustration and exam-
ple).
For installation altitudes above 1000 m we recommend an altitude correction factor Ka dependent on the installation
altitude above sea level.
Curve m=1 applies to the rated short-duration power-frequency withstand voltage and the rated lightning impulse with-
stand voltage in accordance with IEC 62271-1.

Example:
Installation altitude 3000 m above sea level (Ka = 1.28)
Rated switchgear voltage: 17.5 kV
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage: 95 kV
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage to be selected = 95 kV 1.28 = 122 kV

Result:
According to the above table, a system should be selected that features a rated voltage of 24 kV and a rated lightning
impulse withstand voltage of 125 kV.

48
1.7.2 Correction Factors for Rated Currents of S8 Low-voltage Switch-
boards Dependent on the Installation Altitudes
The low air density in altitudes higher than 2000 m above sea level affects the electrical characteristics of the switch-
board.

Therefore, the following correction factors for rated currents must be observed in installation altitudes higher than 2000
m above sea level.

Altitude of
the installation site
Correction factor
max. 2,000 m 1
max. 2,500 m 0.93
max. 3,000 m 0.88
max. 3,500 m 0.83
max. 4,000 m 0.79
max. 4,500 m 0.76
max. 5,000 m 0.70

In addition, a reduction of the equipment switching capacity must also be considered in installation altitudes higher than
2000 m above sea level. Equipment correction factors must be taken from the technical documentation of the respective
equipment.

49
1.7.3 Reduction Factors for Busbar Trunking Systems Dependent on the
Installation Altitude
1.7.3.1 SIVACON 8PS LD... Busbar Trunking System
The SIVACON 8PS - LD... system can be operated as power transmission system up to an installation altitude of 5000 me-
tres above sea level without the necessity to reduce its rated impulse withstand voltage and current.
The influence of heat dissipation can normally be neglected.
The lower cooling is balanced by lower ambient temperatures as result of rising altitudes of installation. so that a reduc-
tion of the current load is not required.
Exception:
If the busbar trunking system is installed in a climatized or heated switchgear room, this reason becomes obsolete and the
current must be reduced by factor given in the table below.
Reduction factors for rated currents dependent on the altitude of installation:
Rated impulse
withstand volt-
age
Uimp
[kV]
8
Test voltages and appropriate installation altutides
Mounting height [m]
0 200 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Room temperature [C]
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Air pressure [kPa]
101.3 98.5 95.5 89.9 84.6 79.5 74.7 70.1 65.8 61.6 57.7 54.0
Relative air density [kg/m
3
]
1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6
Correction factor
1.22 1.18 1.15 1.08 1.02 1.00 0.90 0.84 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.65
U1.2/50 surge at AC and DC [kV]
16.5 16.0 15.5 14.6 13.8 13.6 12.2 11.4 10.7 10.0 9.4 8.8
Current reduction factor
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.82

1.7.4 Reduction Factors for Equipment Dependent on the
Installation Altitude
Depending on the real conditions on site, the ambient conditions present in altitudes of installation above approx.
2000 m above the sea level may have a very strong influence on the electrical and/or electro-mechanical properties of
switching and protective devices.
This requires an individualistic (project-specific) approach towards device dimensioning.
Besides the derating factors, further factors must be taken into account, which can be neglected in device dimensioning
under "normal" ambient conditions.
Since these factors can be specified in a uniform manner for all devices, but are dependent on the respective devices, they
must always be explicitly requested and considered accordingly.

50
1.8 Consideration of Compensation Systems in the
Network Design with SIMARIS Software Tools
1.8.1 Dimensioning of Compensation Systems
1.8.1.1 Electro-technical Basics: Power in AC Circuits
If an inductive or cacitive resistance is connected to an AC voltage source, in analogy to the resistances a reactive power
component will be present in addition to the existing active power component.
The reactive power component is caused by the phase displacement between current and voltage of the inductance or
the capacity. In a purely ohmic resistance, current and voltage are in the same phase, therefore a purely ohmic re-
sistance does not have a reactive power component.
The reactive power component is called reactive power Q [var].
The active component is called active power P [W].
The total power in the AC circuit is the apparent power S [VA].

Apparent power S can be calculated from active power P and reactive power Q:

2 2
P Q S + =

There is a phase displacement of 90 between active power P and reactive power Q.
The correlations between active, reactive and apparent power are illustrated in the power triangle.

How to calculate the different power components in the AC circuit:
Formula
symbol
Unit Formula Formula
apparent power S VA S = U I 2 2
P Q S + =
active power P W P = U I cos = S cos
2 2
Q S P =
reactive power Q var Q = U I sin = S sin
2 2
P S Q =

The power factor cosis called active power factor, shortened to power factor. It is often specified on the rating plates of
electric motors.
The power factor cosrepresents the ratio between active power P and apparent power S:
S
P
= cos

51
It indicates which proportion of apparent power is translated into the desired active power.

The reactive power factor sinrepresents the ratio of reactive power Q and apparent power S:
S
Q
sin =

1.8.1.2 Central Compensation
In case of central compensation, the entire compensation system is installed at a central place, e.g. in the low-voltage
distribution board. The entire demand of reactive power is covered. The capacitor power is split into several
stages and adjusted to the load conditions by an automatic reactive power controller using contactors.
The compensation system is composed of modules comprising a fuse switch disconnector as short-circuit protection, a
contactor with discharge resistors and the capacitor bank. Usually, the modules are connected to an internal, vertical
cubicle busbar system.
Today, such a central compensation is implemented in most application cases. Central compensation can be easily moni-
tored. Modern reactive power controllers permit continuous control of the switching state, cosas well as the active and
reactive currents. This often allows to economize on capacitor power, i.e. use a lower total power, since the simultaneity
factor of the entire plant can be taken into account for the layout. The installed capacitor power is better utilized.
However, the plant-internal wiring system itself is not relieved from reactive power, which does not constitute a disad-
vantage provided that the cable cross sections are sufficient. This means that this application can be used whenever the
plant-internal wiring system is not under-dimensioned.
The central compensation panels can be directly integrated into the main busbar system of the LVMD or connected to the
switchgear using an upstream group switch. Another option is to integrate the cubicles into the LVMD using a cable or
busbar system. To this end, however, a switching/protective device must be provided as outgoing feeder from the distri-
bution board.

Advantages:
Clear and straightforward concept
Good utilisation of the installed capacitor power
Installation is often easier
Less capacitor power required, since the simultaneity factor can be considered
More cost-effective for networks with harmonic content, since reactive-power controlled systems can be more easily
choked.

Disadvantages:
The plant-internal power system is not relieved
Additional layout for automatic control

Low voltage
switchgear

M M
M
cos
kvar
Inductive
loads
Direction of
compensation

52
1.8.1.3 Reactive Power Controller
These modern microprocessor-controlled reactive power controllers solve complex tasks which go far beyond pure reac-
tive power compensation to a pre-selected target cos. The innovative control behaviour responds to all requirements of
modern industrial power systems and turns these controllers into a globally applicable solution.
Their high accuracy and sensitivity, even in power systems with a heavy harmonic load, must be emphasized as much as
the fact that they can handle continuous or occasional energy recovery in power systems with their own in-plant power
generation.
All components of the compensation system are treated gently by these controllers and protected against overload. This
results in a much longer system life expectancy.

53
1.8.1.4 Consideration of Reactive Power Compensation in SIMARIS design
SIMARIS design maps an adjustable reactive power compensation system with several reactive power levels in respect of
the capacitor power.
This compensation system can be directly integrated into the main busbar system of the switchgear installation using
"Type of connection", or connected to an upstream protective device with cables or a busbar system.
In addition, you can select direct connection to the main busbar system or a connection by means of an group switch
using "Type of switchgear".

The reactive power per stage in Kvar, the number of stages and the modules switched on can also be set in this window.

54
At first, you roughly estimate the total capacitor power required to compensate the respective network.
Variant 1:
It can be estimated using the following factors:
25 - 30% of the transformer output at cos= 0.9
40 - 50 % of the transformer output at cos= 1.0

Variant 2:
The network diagram of SIMARIS design displays the reactive power Q = - ... Kvar in the "Energy report" view.

Use the following formula to calculate the required capacitor power:
[ ] [ ] ( )
2 1
tan tan var = kW P k Q
C

2
2
cos
cos 1
tan

=

Table: (tan1 tan2) values to determine the capacitor power QC when compensated from cos1 to cos2: Planning Guide
for Power Distribution Plants, H.Kiank, W.Fruth, 2011, p. 299
cos 2

cos 1
Target power factor
0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.98 1.00
A
c
t
u
a
l

p
o
w
e
r

f
a
c
t
o
r

0.40 1.27 1.41 1.54 1.67 1.81 1.87 1.93 1.96 2.00 2.09 2.29
0.45 0.96 1.10 1.23 1.36 1.50 1.56 1.62 1.66 1.69 1.78 1.98
0.50 0.71 0.85 0.98 1.11 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.40 1.44 1.53 1.73
0.55 0.50 0.64 0.77 0.90 1.03 1.09 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.32 1.52
0.60 0.31 0.45 0.58 0.71 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.00 1.04 1.13 1.33
0.65 0.15 0.29 0.42 0.55 0.68 0.74 0.81 0.84 0.88 0.97 1.17
0.70 0.14 0.27 0.40 0.54 0.59 0.66 0.69 0.73 0.82 1.02
0.75 0.13 0.26 0.40 0.46 0.52 0.55 0.59 0.68 0.88
0.80 0.13 0.27 0.32 0.39 0.42 0.46 0.55 0.75
0.85 0.14 0.19 0.26 0.29 0.33 0.42 0.62
0.90 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.28 0.48

Example:
In an uncompensated network with an active power of 780 kW and a power factor cos1= 0.8, a target of cos2= 0.98
shall be attained by compensation.
Using the above formula or table, you get tan1 tan2 = 0.55.
This results in a required compensation power:
[ ] [ ] ( ) kVar kW kW P k Q
C
429 55 , 0 780 tan tan var
2 1
= = =

In the above window, reactive power per stage, the number of modules and the stages switched on can be set according-
ly.

55
1.8.2 Compensation Systems in Power Systems with Harmonic Content
This content (texts and graphics) of the chapters Impact of linear and non-linear loads on the power system, Compensa-
tion systems in power systems with harmonic content, Choking of compensation systems and Ripple control frequency
and its importance for the compensation system were taken from a brochure issued by Lechwerke AG (Schaezlerstrae 3,
86250 Augsburg).
Title:
Our service for you:
Reactive current
Compensation systems
Proper choking.
Responsible for the content of the brochure according to the imprint: Steffen Gtz
1.8.2.1 Impact of Linear and Non-linear Loads on the Power System
Linear loads such as incandescent lamps draw a sinusoidal current. Thus, the current curve basically has the same shape
as the sinusoidal voltage. This sinusoidal current causes a voltage drop in the power system's impedances (AC resistors),
which also shows a sine shape. For this reason, the voltage curve is only affected in its amplitude but not in its basic
course. Therefore, the sine curve of the voltage is not distorted.

Current curve (red) for a linear load

In the power supply networks of today, there is a trend towards power consuming appliances which draw a current from
the supply network which is distinctly different from the sine shape. This non-sinusoidal current causes a voltage drop in
the impedances of the power lines which is also not sinusoidal. This means that the voltage is not only altered in its am-
plitude but also in its shape. The originally sinusoidal line voltage is distorted. The distorted voltage shape can be de-
composed into the fundamental (line frequency) and the individual harmonics. The harmonics frequencies are integer
multiples of the fundamental, which are identified by the ordinal number "n" (see below).

Current curve (orange) for a non-linear load

56
Harmonics and their frequencies with the ordinal number "n"

Fundamental frequency 50 Hz
2nd harmonic 100 Hz
3rd harmonic 150 Hz
4th harmonic 200 Hz
5th harmonic 250 Hz
6th harmonic 300 Hz
7th harmonic 350 Hz

This means non-linear loads cause harmonic current content, which causes harmonic voltage content.

Linear loads are:
ohmic resistances (resistance heating, incandescent lamps,)
3-phase motors
capacitors

Non-linear loads (causing harmonic content) are:
converters
rectifiers and inverters
single-phase, fixed-cycle power supplies for electronic consumers such as TV sets, computers, electronic control gear
(ECG) and compact energy-saving lamps

1.8.2.2 Compensation systems in power systems with harmonic content

Capacitors form a resonant circuit with the inductances in the power system (transformers, motors, cables and reactor
coils). The resonance frequency can easily be established from a rule of thumb:

c
k
r
Q
S
Hz f = 50

fr = resonance frequency [Hz]
Sk = short-circuit power at the connection point of a compensation system [kVA]
Qc = reactive power of the compensation system [kvar]

57
or using the formula

k c
Tr
r
u Q
S
Hz f
= 50

STr = nominal transformer output [kVA]
uk = relative short-circuit voltage of the transformer (e.g 0.06 with 6%)
Qc = reactive power of the compensation system [kvar]

Example:
Operation of a compensation system, 400 kVA in 8 levels (modules), non-choked, supplied by a transformer with a nomi-
nal output of STr = 630 kVA and a relative short-circuit voltage uk of 6%.
Dependent on the capacitors connected into supply, there will be resonance frequencies between 256 Hz and 725 Hz (see
the table below).

Resonance frequencies in case of differing compensation capacity and transformer with STr = 630 kVA and uk = 6%

Capacitor power Qc Resonance frequency fr
50 kvar 725 Hz
100 kvar 512 Hz
150 kvar 418 Hz
200 kvar 362 Hz
250 kvar 324 Hz
300 kvar 296 Hz
350 kvar 274 Hz
400 kvar 256 Hz

It becomes obvious that the values of the resonance frequency fr are close to a harmonic frequency in several cases.

If the resonance frequency is the same as the harmonic frequency, this will result in a resonance-effected rise of the har-
monic voltages.
And the current is increased between inductance and capacitance, which then rises to a multiple of the value fed into the
power system from the harmonic "generator".

Though the increase of the harmonic voltage rises the r.m.s. value of the voltage to a minor extent, the peak value of the
voltage may rise substantially depending on harmonic content and phase angle (up to 15%). The increase of the har-
monic current results in a significant increase of the r.m.s. value of the capacitor current. The combination of both effects
may under certain circumstances cause an overloading of the capacitor and an additional load on the power consuming
appliances and the transformer.
For this reason, compensation systems should always be equipped with capacitors showing a sufficient nominal voltage
rating and a high current carrying capacity.

In order to prevent these resonance effects and the resulting capacitor overloading, reactor-connected compensation
systems must be used.

58
1.8.2.3 Choking of Compensation Systems
A compensation system should be choked if the ratio of harmonics (harmonic-generating equipment) to the total output
of the plant exceeds a value of 15%. This ratio must also be paid attention to in weak-load times, since displacements (no
line attenuation caused by loads) may now occur which contribute to resonance formation. Another guidance value for
the use of reactor-connected systems may be a harmonic voltage of 2% in case of a 5th harmonic (250 Hz), or 3% for the
total harmonic content referred to the nominal voltage.
Owing to the increased use of non-linear consumer equipment, these values are attained in many power systems, at least
sometimes. A power system analysis is required for detailed value findings.
Please note, however, that the values of the existing harmonic levels in the power system will tend to grow in the future,
firstly for example, owing to the integration of more harmonic-generating equipment. Secondly, resonances may occur
even with less harmonic content. Choking is therefore recommended on principle.

In reactor-connected (choked) compensation systems, every capacitor module is series-connected to a reactor. This cre-
ates a series resonant circuit. Reactor dimensioning determines the series resonance frequency of the series resonant
circuit. This resonance frequency must be below the lowest occurring harmonic (mostly the 5th harmonic).

A series resonant circuit becomes inductive above the resonance frequency. Therefore, resonance cannot be excited any
more in such a case. Below its resonance frequency, it is capacitive and serves for reactive power compensation.

Attenuation of harmonic voltages of a compensation system with 7% choking in case of different
capacitor modules (levels).

The resonance frequency fr of a compensation system is calculated from the choking factor p of the system:

p
Hz f
r
1
50 =

p = choking factor

59
Example:
If a compensation system is choked at 7% (=0.07), its resonance frequency is at 189 Hz. Consequently, the resonance
frequency is below the 5th harmonic (250 Hz), as described above.

The choking factor p reflects the ratio of reactances, i.e. the ratio of the inductive reactance of the reactor to the capaci-
tive reactance of the capacitor at line frequency.

C
L
X
X
p =

p = choking factor
XL = inductive reactance of the reactor (at 50 Hz) []
XC = capacitive reactance of the capacitor (at 50 Hz)

If a compensation system is choked at 7%, the reactance (inductive reactance) of the reactor is 7% of the capacitive reac-
tance of the capacitor at line frequency (50 Hz). Reactances are calculated from the capacitance, or respectively from the
reactor inductance, on the basis of the following formulae:

C f
X
C

=
2
1

XC = capacitive reactance of the capacitor (at 50 Hz) []
f = frequency [Hz]
C = capacitance [F]

L f X
L
= 2

XL = inductive reactance of reactor []
f = frequency [Hz]
L = reactor inductance [H]

1.8.2.4 Ripple Control Frequency and its Importance for the Compensation System
Most distribution system operators (DSO) emit ripple control signals (audio frequencies) to control night-current storage
heaters, tariff switchovers and street lighting, etc. The signal levels for audio-frequency control systems overlaying the
power system are between 110 Hz and 2000 Hz, dependent on the DSO. These signals are received by audio frequency
receivers which perform the required switching. In this context it is important that the signals are not influenced and
transmitted - i.e. received - at a sufficiently high voltage level.

To ensure this, the use of audio frequency suppression is required, which prevents the absorption of ripple control signals
from the power system by means of a compensation system.
The audio frequency suppression device to be used depends on the frequency of the ripple control signal of the respective
DSO.

60
1.8.2.5 Consideration of Choking Rate and Audio Frequency Suppression in SIMARIS
project
In Simaris project, SIVACON S8 low-voltage switchboard can be configured to include reactive power compensation, if
necessary. To set values for a specific project as required, the choking rate and appropriate audio frequency suppression
can be selected in the properties of the reactive power compensation assembly.
These properties are displayed in the program step "System Planning" "Front View", as soon as the respective reactive
power compensation assembly is marked in the graphic area.

In the Project Output of "tender specification texts", the parameters are applied as selected and integrated into the de-
scription.

1.9 The Technical Series of Totally Integrated Power
The Technical Series of Totally Integrated Power documents further technical support for some very special cases of net-
work design. Each edition of this documentation series considers a special case of application and illustrates, how this
case is mapped in network design and calculation using SIMARIS design.
The following topics are currently available:
Modelling IT Isolating Transformers in SIMARIS design for Hospital Applications
Application of Switch Disconnector and Fuse Assemblies in Medium Voltage for the Protection of Distribution Trans-
formers
Modelling of Installations for Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) in SIMARIS design for the Use in Data Centres
Modelling the Use of Selective Main Circuit-breakers (SHU) with SIMARIS design
Impact of Load Curves in the Feed-in Circuit on the Life Cycle Energy Costs
Special Application: Short-circuit Protection for the "Isolated-Parallel" UPS System
Arcing Faults in Medium and Low Voltage Switchgear
SIESTORAGE Energy Storage Systems a Technology for the Transformation of Energy System
Electrical infrastructure for e-car charging stations
Liberalised Energy Market Smart Grid Micro Grid

If you are interested in one of the copies of this Technical Series, please get in touch with your regional contact. You can
find him/her in the list of contacts presented at www.siemens.de/SIMARIS/contact .
1.10 Planning Manuals of Totally Integrated Power
You can also find bedrock support for your project planning in the planning manuals of Totally Ingrated Power, which are
available for download in the corresponding section of our download page at www.siemens.de/tip/downloadcenter.
The following Planning Manuals are currently available:
Planning Principles for Power Distribution
Draft Planning
Application Models for the Power Distribution High-rise Buildings
Application Models for the Power Distribution Data Center

61
2 Special Technical Information about
Network Calculation in SIMARIS design
2.1 Power Sources
Power sources Transformer Generator UPS
Selection Quantity and power rating
corresponding to the power
required for normal power
supply
Quantity and power rating
corresponding to the total
power of consumers to be
supplied if the transformers fail
Quantity, power, and energy
quantity dependent on the
duration of independent pow-
er supply and total power
consumption of the consumers
to be supplied by the UPS
Requirements High reliability of supply
Overload capability
Low power loss
Low noise
No restrictions with regard
to installation
Observance of environ-
ment, climate and fire pro-
tection categories
Energy coverage for
standby power supply
in case of
turbosupercharger motors,
load sharing in
steps
Availability of sufficient
continuous short-circuit
power to ensure tripping
conditions
Stable output voltage
Availability of sufficient
continuous short-circuit
power to ensure tripping
conditions
Low-maintenance buffer
batteries for power supply,
observance of noise limits
Little harmonic load for the
upstream network
Rated current

N
N
N
U
S
I
=
3

N
N
N
U
S
I
=
3

N
N
N
U
S
I
=
3

Short-circuit
currents
Continuous short-circuit
current,
3-phase:

K
N
K
U
I
I
% 100
3

current,
3-phase:

N D K
I I 3
, 3

Short-circuit current,
3-phase:
N K
I I 1 . 2
3
(for 0.02 s)

N K
I I 5 . 1
3
(for 0.02-5 s)
current,
2-phase:
2
3
3 2 K K
I I

current,
1-phase:
3 1 K K
I I
current,
1-phase:
N D K
I I 5
, 1

Short-circuit current,
1-phase:
N K
I I 3
1
(for 0.02 s)

N K
I I 5 . 1
1
(for 0.02-5 s)
Initial AC fault current:
d
N
K
x
I
I
% 100

62
Power sources Transformer Generator UPS
Advantages High transmission capacity
possible
Stable short-circuit currents
Electrical isolation
Distributed availability
Independent power gener-
ation
Low power loss
Voltage stability
Electrical isolation
Disadvantages High inrush currents
Dependency on the
public grid
System instability in case of
power system fluctuations
Small short-circuit currents
Very small short-circuit
currents

Legend
IN Rated current
UN Nominal voltage
UK Rated short-circuit voltage
SN Nominal apparent power

63
2.2 Directional and Non-directional Couplings
2.2.1 Design Principles of Directional and Non-directional Couplings
Non-directional couplings are couplings with a non-defined direction of energy flow for mapping a normal power supply
grid.
Directional couplings, in which the direction of energy flow is defined, are required to build a supply network integrating
normal and safety power supply. The classic application case of directional couplings is given in a hospital, where the
power supply network is built up on the basis of VDE 0100 Part 710 (hospital NPS/SPS network). Networks with directional
couplings do not permit parallel network operation and energy recovery for the power supply system of the power suppli-
er.

2.2.2 Changeover Connection in Accordance with
DIN VDE 0100 Part 710 (IEC 60364-7-71) (medical locations)
A detailed description of the requirements applying to changeover connections can be found in the
DIN VDE 0100 standard, Part 710.
A changeover connection is a circuit combination for coupling networks for normal power supply with the safety supply.
The following requirements apply to the self-acting changeover connection in the main distribution board of the the safe-
ty power source:
a) The coupling switch must be installed in the main distribution board of the safety power supply system.
b) To ensure proper voltage monitoring, devices are required for monitoring all live conductors.
c) A voltage failure must be directly detected by the coupling switch.
d) The switches in the two independent feed-in systems must be rated for the maximum possible short-circuit power
values at the mounting location. The short-circuit load can be reduced by the installation of current-limiting protection
devices.
e) The switching devices in the two independent feed-in systems must be securely interlocked.
f) A return to the preferred feed-in line in case of voltage recovery must take place with a time delay, it must happen
automatically and, if possible, without interruption.
g) The requirements of DIN VDE 0100 557 apply to the control circuits of the changeover connection.
h) The readiness for service of the second feed-in system must be monitored.
DIN VDE 0100 Part 710 mandatorily requires network calculations and proofs of selectivity, i.e. appropriate documenta-
tion must be available.
Planning with SIMARIS design can take account of this DIN requirement, by mapping and appropriately dimensioning the
changeover connection between the normal and the safety power supply system.

64

Example for the representation of a changeover connection in SIMARIS design professional

65
2.2.3 Creating Active and Passive Emergency Power Supply Systems
Active safety power supply system (active SPS)

Normal operation
In an active safety power supply system, the coupling switch in the
LVMD is closed as the only connection of both networks during nor-
mal operation.
In the building's main distribution board and in the sub-distribution
boards, the coupling switches are open and the feed-in circuit-
breakers are switched on.
The NPS and SPS networks are both active and operated separately.
Operation under fault conditions:
If the normal power supply (NPS) fails due to a fault, the safety pow-
er supply (SPS) autonomously continues to supply its power con-
sumers.
If a fault occurs in the SPS, the changeover switch closest to the fault
location ensures continuous operation of the
SPS consumers via the NPS.
Therefore, the NPS source must be dimensioned
for the load of NPS and SPS consumers.

Passive safety power supply system

Normal operation
In a passive safety power supply system the coupling switch in the
LVMD is open during normal operation. The LVMD of the SPS system
including the cables leading to the distribution boards is de-
energized ("dead").
In the distribution boards at the lower levels, the coupling switches
between normal power supply (NPS) and SPS are closed and the
feed-in circuit-breakers of the SPS are open.
This means, only the NPS network is active, SPS consumers are also
supplied from this network. And the NPS source must also be dimen-
sioned for the load of NPS and SPS consumers.
Operation under fault conditions
If a fault occurs in the NPS, continuous operation of the SPS con-
sumers is ensured because the SPS is then switched into supply.

66
2.3 Dimensioning of Power Transmission and
Power Distribution Lines
Overload protec-
tion
Short-circuit pro-
tection
Protection by dis-
connection in the TN
system
Voltage drop
Re-
quire
ment
Line protection
against overload
shall prevent dam-
age from the con-
nection itself (con-
ductor insulation,
connection points,
terminals, etc.) and
its immediate envi-
ronment, which
could be caused by
excessive heating.
Line protection
against overload
shall prevent dam-
age from the con-
nection itself (con-
ductor insulation,
connection points,
terminals, etc.) and
its immediate envi-
ronment, which
could be caused by
excessive heating.

The current break-
ing capacity of the
short-circuit protec-
tion device must be
rated in such a way
that it is capable of
breaking the maxi-
mum possible
short-circuit at the
mounting location.
The loop impedance
Zs of the supply line
must be dimensioned
in such a way that the
resulting short-circuit
current will cause an
automatic tripping of
the protective device
within the defined
period of time.

In this context, it
must be assumed that
the fault will occur
between a phase
conductor and a pro-
tective conductor or
an exposed conduc-
tive part somewhere
in the installation,
where the impedance
can be neglected.
The maximum permissible voltage drop
for power consumers must be taken into
account for cable rating.

67
Overload protec-
tion
Short-circuit pro-
tection
Protection by dis-
connection in the TN
system
Voltage drop
Fea-
tures

Z N B
I I I

The cable load
capacity IZ is rated
for the maximum
possible operating
current IB of the
circuit and the
nominal current In
of the protection
device.

Z
I I 45 , 1
2

The conventional
tripping current I
2
,
which is defined by
the upstream pro-
tective device, is
lower, at most
equal to the 1.45-
fold of the maxi-
mum permissible
cable load capacity
IZ.

2 2 2
S k t I

The maximum
period of time t
until a short-circuit
current I is broken,
measured at any
point in the circuit,
may only last so
long that the ener-
gy produced by the
short-circuit does
not reach the ener-
gy limit which
would cause dam-
age or destruction
of the connection
line.

o a S
U I Z

The loop impedance
Zs of the supply line
must be dimensioned
in such a way that the
resulting short-circuit
current will cause an
automatic tripping of
the protective device
within the defined
period of time. In this
context, it must be
assumed that a fault
will occur between a
phase
conductor and a pro-
tective conductor or
an exposed conduc-
tive part somewhere
in the installation,
where the impedance
can be neglected.

Voltage drop in the three-phase system

( )
% 100
sin cos ` 3
+
=
N
L W
U
X R L I
U

Voltage drop in the AC system

( )
% 100
sin cos ` 2
+
=
N
L W
U
X R L I
U

Par-
ticula
rities
Overload pro-
tection devices
may be used at
the beginning
or end of the
cable line to be
protected.
Following VDE
0298 Part 4, the
permissible load
capacity IZ of
cables or wires
must be deter-
mined in ac-
cordance with
the real wiring
conditions.
If
gL-fuses are
used as the sole
protection de-
vice, short-
circuit protec-
tion is also giv-
en, when the
overload pro-
tection criterion
is met.
A short-circuit
protection de-
vice must al-
ways be
mounted at the
beginning of
the cable line.
When short-
circuit protec-
tion is tested,
the PE/PEN con-
ductor must al-
ways be includ-
ed.
In the tripping
range < 100 ms
the I
2
values
given by the
equipment
manufacturer t
must be consid-
ered.
The permissible
disconnection
time, reached by
Ia for consumers
32 A is 0.4 s for
alternating cur-
rent and 5 s for di-
rect current.
The permissible
tripping time,
reached by Ia for
consumers > 32 A
and distribution
circuits is 5 s.
Additional protec-
tion ensured by
RCD ( 30 mA) is
required for gen-
eral-purpose sock-
ets and sockets to
be used by ordi-
nary persons
(sockets 20 A).
Additional protec-
tion ensured by
RCD ( 30 mA) is
required for final
circuits for out-
door portable
equipment with a
current rating
32 A.

C C
W
R R R
0 0
20 55
14 , 1 = =

C C
R R
0 0
20 80
24 , 1 =

The resistance load per unit length of a
cable is temperature-dependent
An increased resistance in case of fire
must be considered for the dimension-
ing of cables and wires with functional
endurance in order to ensure fault-free
starting of safety-relevant consumers.

It is always the voltage drop at the
transformer which must be also taken
into account, e.g. 400 V, the secondary
transformer voltage is a no-load volt-
age!
Voltage tolerances for equipment and
installations are defined in IEC 60038.
For an explanation of the formula symbols, please refer to section 2.13

68
2.4 Note on the Dimensioning of 8PS Busbar Trunking Systems
Busbar trunking systems are tested for thermal short-circuit strength and overload protection.
Dynamic short-circuit strength is present if both attributes are fulfilled (see IEC 60364-4-43 Clause 434). Dynamic short-
circuit strength is not tested.
Owing to the constructive features of busbar trunking systems and their special methods of installation based on manu-
facturer instructions, the occurrence of the maximum to be expected theoretical peak short-circuit current acc. to VDE
0102 or respectively IEC 60909 can usually be ruled out.
In special cases, a verification of this assumption must be performed by the user.

2.5 Selectivity and Backup Protection
2.5.1 Backup Protection
The prerequisite is that Q1 is a current-limiting device. If the fault current in case of a short-circuit is higher than the rated
breaking capacity of the downstream protection device, it is protected by the upstream protection device. Q2 can be
selected with an Icu or Icn value lower than Ikmax of Q2. But this allows for partial selectivity only (see the following illustra-
tion).

69
2.5.2 Backup Protection as Dimensioning Target in SIMARIS design

When the dimensioning target "Backup protection" is set,
SIMARIS design selects such switching and protective de-
vices that they will protect themselves or will be protected
by an upstream-connected switching device in case of a
possible short-circuit. The algorithm applied may result in
deviations from the published tables on backup protection.

70
2.5.3 Selectivity
When several series-connected protective devices cooperate in graded disconnection operations, the
protective device (Q2) closest to the fault location must disconnect. The other upstream devices (e.g. Q1) remain in oper-
ation. The effects of a fault are spaciously and temporally limited to a minimum, since unaffected branch circuits (e.g. Q3)
continue to be supplied.

Current selectivity is attained by the different magnitudes of the tripping currents of the protective devices.

Time selectivity is attained by the temporal tripping delay of the upstream protection devices.

71

Representation of the selective layout of the network

72
2.5.4 Selectivity as Dimensioning Target in SIMARIS design

When "Selectivity" is set as dimensioning target in
SIMARIS design, it is applied circuit by circuit. In order to
attain current selectivity, the switching devices are stag-
gered between the circuits according to their current
values during automatic dimensioning with selectivity
intervals. Here, electronic trip units are used for circuit-
breakers which are equipped with time-delayed short-
circuit releases characterized as "S", they allow to attain
time selectivity in addition to current selectivity.

Selectivity evaluation is performed on the basis of existing
limit values in the overload range < Ikmin (Isel-over) and in
the short-circuit range > Ikmin (Isel-short). The upper toler-
ance band of the respective switching device is compared
to the envelope curve of the lower tolerance band of all
upstream switching devices. When the tripping times are
above 80 ms the intersections are graphically analysed; if
the tripping times are under this limit, selectivity limits are
queried from an integrated selectivity limit table. If there
are two protective devices in the circuits (top and bottom
switch), they are not compared to one another but evalu-
ated against the protective devices in the upstream cir-
cuits, see picture.

73
2.6 Dimensioning the Network acc. to Icu or Icn
2.6.1 Areas of Application for Miniature Circuit-breakers
Miniature circuit-breakers (MCB) are used at different mounting locations in electrical installations.
Electrical installations accessible for ordinary persons
Circuit-breakers are subjected to higher test requirements with regard to their rated short-circuit breaking current Icn in
electrical installations which are accessible for ordinary persons. This is regulated in IEC 60898.
The rated short-circuit breaking current Icn is the short-circuit current (r.m.s. value), which can disconnect the miniature
circuit-breaker at a rated operating voltage (+/- 10 %) and a specified cos.
This is tested using the test sequence 0 - t - CO - t - CO. The rated operational short-circuit breaking capacity Ics is tested.

Attention:
Changes in the overload release characteristics are not permitted any more after this test!

electrical installations inaccessible for ordinary persons
In electrical installations which are inaccessible for ordinary persons, e.g. industrial plants, miniature circuit-breakers, such
as the MCCB, are tested with respect to their rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu. This test is performed in
accordance with IEC 60947-2.
The shortened test sequence 0 - t - CO is used here.

Attention:
Changes in the overload release characteristics ARE permitted after this test!

Legend for the test sequence
0 Break operation
CO Make, break operation
t Pause

74
2.6.2 Selection of Miniature Circuit-Breakers acc. to Icn or Icu in
SIMARIS design
In SIMARIS design, miniature circuit-breakers can be dimensioned according to both requirements, or they can be selected
manually using the Catalogue function.

Attention:
The function named "Selection according to Icn or Icu" is only available for final circuits.

Device selection or check takes place during the dimensioning process dependent on the setting made, either correspond-
ing to Icn or Icu.
All devices have been tested based on both test standards (IEC 60898 and IEC 60947-2) and the miniature circuit-breaker
check process is based on both test standards.
However, the function "Selection acc. to Icn or Icu" is not available for device categories such as RCBOs (5SU1, 5SU9).

Device group Type Icn [kA] Icu [kA]
5SY MCB 6 / 10 / 15 10...50
5SY60 MCB 6 6
5SX MCB 6 / 10 10 / 15
5SX1 MCB 3 4.5
5SQ MCB 3 4.5
5SJ....-.CC MCB 6 / 10 / 15 10 / 15 / 25
5SP4 MCB 10 20
5SY8 MCB -- 25...70
5SL6 MCB 6 6
5SL3 MCB 4.5 4.5

75
2.7 Explanations about the Energy Efficiency Analyses in
SIMARIS design
The issue of energy efficiency is gaining more and more importance owing to continuously rising energy costs and limited
fossil resources. Therefore, it should also be taken into account when planning the power distribution system.

SIMARIS design gives an overview of the power loss in individual circuits:

System infeed / Coupling
Distribution board
Final circuits

Within these circuits, the losses of the individual power system components are displayed in detail:

Transformers
Busbar trunking systems
Cables
Switching devices and protective devices
Compensation systems

In order to gain an overview of possible optimisation potential quickly, relative as well as absolute losses of the circuits are
listed. The table can either be sorted according to the magnitude of the absolute or relative circuit losses by clicking the
respective column header, so that the circuits with the greatest losses can be identified and analysed further.

The following illustration shows the dialog for data display of power losses by circuits:

Only one operating mode can be viewed and analysed at a time, i.e. in a project in which different operating modes were
defined, these operating modes can be viewed one after the other by selecting them accordingly in the drop-down menu.
Operating mode
selection for the
calculated power
losses
Absolute and
relative power loss
of the selected
circuit
Absolute and
relative power loss
of the selected
circuit
Apparent power,
absolute and
relative power loss
of the total project
Power losses of
the equipment i

76
The losses for the entire configured network (for the selected operating mode) are the sum of the losses of the individual
circuits:

=
circuit
circuit Vabs project Vabs
P P
_ _

project n
project Vabs
project Vrel
S
P
P
_
_
_
=

project Vabs
P
_
= Absolute power loss of the configured network [W]
circuit Vabs
P
_
= Absolute power loss of a circuit [W]
project Vrel
P
_
= Relative power loss of the configured network [%]
project n
S
_
= Apparent power of the configured network [VA]
The circuit losses add up of the losses of its individual components dependent on the circuit composition:

Cap Vabs BS Vabs C Vabs TS Vabs Tr Vabs Vabs
P P P P P P
_ _ _ _ _
+ + + + =

Tr = Transformer
TS = Top switch
C = Connection
BS = Bottom switch
Cap = Capacitor

circuit n
circuit Vabs
circuit Vrel
S
P
P
_
_
_
=

circuit Vrel
P
_
= Relative power loss of circuit [%]
circuit n
S
_
= Apparent power of the circuit [VA]

Power losses are calculated based on the load currents of the respective circuits. Simultaneity and capacitor factors which
were entered are also considered here.
In the power loss dialogue (see above) the respective circuits can be selected in the list and individual components can be
replaced using the "Change device" button (on the right). The power loss which was possibly changed will be displayed
right above the button and the summated circuit value is also adjusted in the list dependent on the new selection. In
addition, the circuit selected in the list is highlighted on the network diagram by a blue frame.
A holistic approach to power loss optimisation should always be preferred and the effects on network dimensioning must
be considered accordingly. Therefore these changes are always verified in SIMARIS design for correctness with regard to
network dimensioning rules.
If a violation of the configuration rules kept in the system occurred as a result of changes in the loss optimisation made,
the user would be notified by an error message (displayed below the network diagram). This error can either be remedied
by performing another redimensioning cycle or by a manual adjustment on the network diagram.

Example:
When a transformer with a higher nominal power is selected, the transformer's power loss can be reduced. A more pow-
erful transformer will have a higher current rating, but also higher short-circuit currents. The other components in the
circuit, such as busbars, cables, switching and protective devices must be matched accordingly. Simaris design performs
this adjustment automatically by starting another redimensioning cycle.

77
2.8 Installation Types of Cables and Wires (Excerpt)
2.8.1 Installation Types in Accordance with IEC 60364-5-523/99 (excerpt)
Reference installa-
tion type
Graphical representation
(Example)
Installation conditions
Installation in
heat-insulted
walls

A

Single-core cables in an electrical installation
conduit in a thermally insulated wall
A

Multi-core cable, or multi-core sheathed instal-
lation wire in a conduit in a thermally insulated
wall
Installation in
electrical
installation
conduits
B

Single-core cables in an electrical installation
conduit on a wall
B2

lation wire in a conduit on a wall
Direct
installation
C

Single- or multi-core cable, or single- or multi-
core sheathed installation wire in a conduit on a
wall

78
Installation in
the ground

D1

Multi-core or single-core cable in conduit or in
cable ducting in the ground

D2

Sheated single-core or multi-core cables direct
in the ground
- without added mechanical protection
- with added mechanical protection

Installation
suspended in
air
E

lation wire suspended in air at a distance of at
least 0.3 x diameter d from the wall
F

Single-core cable, or single-core sheathed in-
stallation wire, can be touched, suspended in
air at a distance of at least 1 x diameter d from
the wall
G

Single-core cables, or single-core sheathed
installation wires, at a distance d, suspended in
air at a distance of at least 1 x diameter d from
the wall

79
2.8.2 Consideration of installation types in SIMARIS design
When dimensioning cables and wires, SIMARIS design takes into account the installation type by means of appropriate
adjustment factors in accordance with the international standard IEC 60364-5-52, or respectively the German standard
DIN VDE 0298-4: 2013-06. The selection of the installation type, as depicted below, automatically factors in the appropri-
ate rated values Ir for the cable's current carrying capacity in reference installation type A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D1, D2, E, F or
G. A distinction is made according to conductor material and conductor insulation material.

According to the above mentioned standards relating to the permissible current carrying capacity, conversion factors for
deviating conditions must additionally be factored in.

Iz = Ir f

Ir permissible current carrying capacity of the cable
Iz rated value for the cable's current carrying capacity in reference installation type A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D1, D2, E, F
or G
f product of all of the required conversion factors f for deviating conditions

SIMARIS design automatically calculates and considers the conversion factors when the following information is entered:
Installation in air: air temperature, accumulation of cables
Installation in the ground: Soil temperature, soil heat resistance, accumulation of cables, spacing of systems

In addition, a reduction factor in accordance with DIN VDE 0100 520 Addendum 3 can be considered in SIMARIS design if
loads causing harmonic content are used. The factor is defined in an interactive dialogue which is called up with the aid of
the i-button next to the input field for reduction factor f tot.

80

Note: A conversion factor is also considered for busbar systems if a deviating ambient temperature is entered.

2.9 Accumulation of Cables and Lines
The IEC 60364-5-52, or respectively DIN VDE 0298 Part 4 standard defines the accumulation of cables and lines. Since
accumulation is relevant for cable/cord sizing, it can also be considered in SIMARIS design.

The sum of the recently edited cables/cords plus the number of cables/cords to be laid in parallel must here be entered as
the number of parallel lines. When single cores are to be laid, this addition shall include only the number of AC circuits or
three-phase circuits which consist of several single-core cables or lines. This means that the two or three live conductors
are counted as one circuit each in such a case.
For detailed information about the accumulation of cables and lines please refer to the original texts of the above stand-
ards.

81
2.10 Special Conditions in Motor Circuits and their Considera-
tion in SIMARIS design
2.10.1 Special Properties of Motor Circuits

Motor circuits show deviating properties compared to other power consumers. Therefore, they are considered separately
in SIMARIS design. This means they have their own icon that represents them on the network diagram. This enables the-
se special conditions in motor circuits to be considered accordingly in the dimensioning process.
2.10.1.1 Short-circuit Behaviour
The basis for short-circuit calculations in Simaris design is EN 60909-0, or respectively VDE 0102.
In the event of a short circuit, motor consumers are driven by the driven machines and their mass moment of inertia ow-
ing to the fact that they are mechanically coupled to them. Here, they act as generator and feed their share of the short-
circuit current to the point of fault.
Section 3.8 (asynchronous motors) calls for this share to be always
considered in industrial networks and the auxiliary installations in power plants,
and considered in public power supply networks if their contribution to the short-circuit current is
> 5% of the
initial short-circuit current which was established without motors.

Those motors may be neglected in the calculation which cannot be switched on simultaneously according to the type of
circuitry (interlocking) or process control.
In contrast to other loads, the proportion of short-circuit current fed back is considered in the calculation in Simaris design
if a motor circuit is the load.

2.10.1.2 Switch-on and Start-up Behaviour
Owing to the high inrush current for accelerating the centrifugal mass and due to the fact that the inductive rotor re-
sistance is greatly reduced in the instant of on-switching, the dynamic voltage drop must be considered in this operating
case in addition to the static voltage drop.

82
2.10.1.3 Use of Special Switching and Protective Devices in Motor Circuits
The performance described in the Switch-on and start-up behaviour determines a special selection and setting of protec-
tive devices (fuseless/fused) and their switching devices.

2.10.2 Motor Consumers with Simple Motor Protection

In the selection window, which is displayed as soon as a motor is added to the network diagram, the option of "Simple
motor protection" can be chosen in the field "Motor type". This selection protects the drive by a circuit-breaker ("fuseless").
Fused technology is not supported at this point.
Dependent on the motor power, motor protection circuit-breakers (MSP/3RV), moulded-case circuit-breakers (MCCB/3VL)
with releases for motor protection, and as of a nominal motor current > 500A air circuit-breakers (ACB/3WL) are sized in
the dimensioning process.
This selection allows to calculate drives up to 1,000 kW in SIMARIS design.

Fed back share of motor
current in relation to
short-circuit current
Dynamic
voltage drop

83
In practice however, you should consider sidestepping to medium-voltage motors when planning drive performances of
300kW/400V or higher, since the dynamic voltage drop and the high start-up currents may cause problems in the low-
voltage network.

2.10.3 Motor Consumers as Motor Starter Combination

The selection window, which is displayed as soon as a motor is added to the network diagram, also allows to choose the
option of "Motor starter combination" in the field "Motor type".
This selection is used to configure drives which are kept as tested motor starter combinations protective device (circuit-
breaker / fuse) plus switching device for switching during normal operation (contactors / soft starters) in the database.
The motor data contains standardized Siemens low-voltage motors as default values. However, an appropriately tested
started combination can also be dimensioned for any motor.
Dimensioning of the motor starter combination is effected on the basis of the nominal motor current. When motor data is
changed, its starter combination must be adapted by performing another dimensioning run. A direct selection of the
starter combination from the product catalogue is not supported, so that the use of a tested combination is ensured by
the program.

84
The following selection window allows both the selection of a fuseless (circuit-breaker protected) and fused technology.

The selection of different motor starter types is possible, too.
Direct on-line starter (direct on/off switching)

85
Reversing duty (direct on/off switching with change of the direction of rotation)

Star/Delta starter (starting current limiting through change of the winding circuitry)

Soft starter (starting current limiting through electronic turn-on phase angle control)

86
Depending on the permissible degree of damage to equipment, coordination type 1 or 2 can be selected for the motor
starter types.

The following types are available for selection as overload relay:

In Simaris design, motor starter combinations can only be selected with a voltage setting of 400V, 500V and 690V (+/-5%)
in the low-voltage network in accordance with the tested combinations available. The voltage setting for the low-voltage
network can be viewed and adjusted in the program step "Project Definition.
2.10.4 Description of Motor Parameters

Power mech.: [kW] mechanical power of the drive

.
=
.

87
Nominal voltage Nominal voltage of the drive
The nominal voltage of the drive can deviate from the system voltage, for example a 400V drive can be operated in a
380V network (deviating current consumption).

Nominal current Nominal current of the drive
Assuming constant active power, the nominal current will change as a function of power factor cos or the system
voltage.

Power factor cos
The power factor is defined as the ratio of the amount of active power to apparent power . It is equal to the co-
sine of the phase displacement angle .

Efficiency
Efficiency is a measure for the efficiency of energy transformation and transmission.
=

=

.

Power calculation for an electric drive
.
= 3

15 KW = 0.4kV 28.64A 1.732 0.84 0.9

Starting current ratio
Asynchronous motors have a high switch-on current, because more power, and thus more current, is needed to ac-
celerate the rotating centrifugal mass up to nominal speed than for maintaining the speed. Moreover, the inductive
resistance of the winding is greatly reduced at standstill, because the rotor (squirrel cage type) acts similar to a
shorted secondary transformer winding. The inductive resistance will only rise when the rotor reaches its positive-
sequence speed, this means when the rotor speed nearly equals the speed of the rotating field.
Thus, the starting current ratio has an effect on the proportion of regenerative feedback of the short-circuit current
and the dynamic voltage drop.

Dependent on the power and the machines to be driven (e.g. heavy duty starting), the starting current of an asyn-
chronous motor can be 10 times the value of its nominal current.
The following values are kept as defaults in Simaris design:
5 for direct on-line starting
3 for soft starting and star/delta starting
These values can be adjusted by users according to project-specific needs.
R/X ratio
The R/X ratio (active resistance
reactance) of a motor is used in network calculations to determine the imped-

ance
M
Z
of the motor consumer for starting.

2
) / ( 1
M M
M
M
X R
Z
X
+
=

) / (
M M M M
X R X R =

88
It influences the calculation of the dynamic voltage drop. Moreover, it serves for determining the angle in the share of
short-circuit current feedback.
Angle calculation in inductive operating mode:
=
M M
kM
X R /
1
arctan
Owing to the much higher short-circuit power of the whole network compared to the share fed back by the motor, the
modified share of feedback cannot be identified by the modified angle.
In Simaris design, a default value of 0.42 is kept, which is suitable for most cases of application.

Start-up class
The start-up class indicates the starting behaviour of an asynchronous motor.
IEC 60947-1 distinguishes Start-up Class 10, Class 20, Class 30 and Class 40. Here, the starting times of the drives in
seconds until the nominal speed is reached serves for classification (max. 10, max. 20, max. 30 and up to 40 seconds).
In Simaris design, you can select Class 10 or Class 20 as start-up class of a motor consumer with simple motor protec-
tion. This dimensions different releases with regard to their inertia in the range of MSP Sirius 3 RV motor protection
circuit-breakers. With other circuit-breakers, the overload releases are set to 10 or 20 seconds of inertia during dimen-
sioning.
It is not possible to differentiate start-up classes for motor consumers laid out as motor starter combinations, since
these are tested combinations, as described above, whose basis is start-up class 10.

Capacity factor ai
The capacity factor, which is defaulted as 1 in SIMARIS design, allows to reduce the nominal motor current of the
drive. This function can be used when a drive was oversized in terms of its mechanical power
.
, but is not run at
full load in the specific case of operation.
Please note in this context that the entire nominal current will be used for dimensioning in the motor circuit and re-
ferred to and displayed in the "Load flow" network diagram view. But for the voltage drop calculation and for referring
the motor current to the upstream circuits in the network, the reduced nominal motor current will be considered.

Factor of energetic recovery system
In practice, there needn't always be a power transmission in case of fault from the driven machine to the electric mo-
tor owing to the mechanical coupling between motor and machine (e.g. electric motors with braking system).
In such cases, a reduced short-circuit current share will be fed from the drive to the point of fault during a short circuit.
In order to be able to map such cases of application in Simaris design, you can reduce the percentage of short-circuit
current which is fed back by using the factor of the energetic recovery system.
When a motor feeder (equivalent circuit mapping for the sum of several motors) is mapped, too, the number of drives
to be considered (probability of simultaneous operation of motors which are continuously switched on and off) can be
represented by the factor of the energetic recovery system.

89
2.11 Standards for Calculations in SIMARIS design
Title IEC HD EN DIN VDE
Erection of low-voltage installations
*)
60364-16 384 0100 100...710
Short-circuit currents in three-phase net-
works Current calculation
60909 60909 0102
Short-circuit currents -
Calculation of effects
Definitions and calculation methods
60865 60865 0103
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
Circuit-breakers
60947-2 60947-2 0660 101
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies
60439 60439-15 0660 500505
A method of temperature-rise assessment
by extrapolation for partially type-tested
assemblies (PTTA) of low-voltage switch-
gear and controlgear
60890+C 528 S2 0660 507
Use of cables and cords for power installa-
tions
Recommended current-carrying capacity for
sheathed and nonsheathed cables for fixed
wirings in and around buildings and for
flexible cables and cords
60364-5-52 384 0298 4
Electrical insulation material -
Miniature circuit-breakers for house instal-
lations and similar purposes
60898-1 60898-1 0641 11
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear
high-voltage switch-fuse combinations
62271 62271 0671 105
Low-voltage electrical installations Selec-
tion and erection of electrical equipment
Isolation, switching and control Clause
534: Devices for protection against
overvoltages
60364-5-53 60364-5-534 0100-534
Low-voltage electrical installations Pro-
tection for safety
Protection against voltage disturbances and
electromagnetic disturbances
Clause 443: Protection against overvoltages
of atmospheric origin or due to switching
60364-4-44 60364-4-443 0100-443
Lightning protection Part 14 62305-14 0185 14
Low-voltage surge protective devices
Surge protective devices connected to low-
voltage power systems
Requirements and tests
61643-11 0675-6-11
Tests for electric cables under fire condi-
tions Circuit integrity
60331-11,
21
50200 0472-814
0482-200

90
Title IEC HD EN DIN VDE
Fire behaviour of building materials and
building components Part 12: Circuit
integrity maintenance of electric cable
systems, requirements and testing
4102-12 : 1998-11
Electrical equipment of electric road vehi-
cles - Electric vehicles conductive charging
system
61851 61851

*) Those special national requirements acc. to Appendix ZA (mandatory) and the A-deviations acc. to Appendix ZB (infor-
mative) of DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410): 2007-06 are not mapped and must be considered separately!

91
2.12 Additional Protection by RCDs in Compliance
with DIN VDE 0100-410 (IEC 60364-4-41)
In AC systems, additional protection must be provided by means of residual-current-operated devices (RCDs) for:
a) sockets with a rated max. current not exceeding 20 A, which are intended to be used by unskilled, ordinary users and
for general-purpose applications;
b) final circuits in outdoor areas used for portable equipment, with a rated current of no more than 32 A.

Annotation on a):
An exception may be made for:
sockets which are supervised by electrically skilled or instructed persons, as for example in some commercial or indus-
trial installations, or
sockets that have been installed for connecting one specific item of equipment.

Special protection arrangements for the exclusive use of electrically skilled persons see Appendix C (non-conductive envi-
ronment, local protective equipotential bonding, protective isolation).

2.12.1 Altered Maximum Disconnection Times in TN and TT System in
Compliance with DIN VDE 0100-410
Maximum disconnection times for final circuits with a rated current no greater than 32 A:
TN system
50 V < U 120 V AC 0.8/s
DC 5 s (disconnection may be required here for other reasons)
120 V < U 230 V AC 0.4/s
DC 5/s
230 V < U 400 V AC 0.2/s
DC 0.4/s
U > 400 V AC 0.1/s
DC 0.1/s

In TN systems, a disconnection time of no greater than 5 s is permitted for distribution board circuits and any other circuit.

92
TT system
50 V < U 120 V AC 0.3/s
DC 5 s (disconnection may be required here for other reasons)
120 V < U 230 V AC 0.2/s
DC 0.4/s
230 V < U 400 V AC 0.07/s
DC 0.2/s
U > 400 V AC 0.04/s
DC 0.1/s

In TT systems, a disconnection time of no greater than 1 s is permitted for distribution board circuits and any other circuit.

2.12.2 National Deviations from IEC 60364-4-41
2.12.2.1 The Netherlands
The above table with max. disconnection times (section 2.12.1) applies to all circuits supplying power outlets and all
final circuits up to 32 A.
For TT systems: as a rule, Ra must not exceed 166 .

2.12.2.2 Norway
Installations which are part of an IT system and are supplied from the public grid must be disconnected from supply on
occurrence of the first fault. Table 41.1 of the standard applies.
The use of a PEN conductor downstream of the main distribution is generally not permitted.

2.12.2.3 Belgium
Each electrical installation which is supervised by ordinary persons (i.e. not skilled or instructed in electrical installation
matters) must be protected by a residual-current-operated circuit-breaker. The magnitude of the maximum permissi-
ble rated fault current In depends on the circuit to be protected and the earthing resistance.

Circuit type Ra max. In max
Ra > 100 generally not
permissible for domestic
installations.

Household (bathroom, washing machines, dishwashers etc.) 30 mA
General protection for dwellings 30 - 100

Circuits for sockets in domestic installations: the number of simple or multiple sockets is limited to 8 per circuit and the
minimal cross section is 2.5 mm
2
.
The use of the PEN conductor (TNC) is not allowed for installations in dwellings and installations with increased fire or
explosion risk (BE2-BE3 art. 101.03 and art. 104.05 GREI).

2.12.2.4 Ireland
Regulation on the use of RCDs with In <= 30 mA for all circuits up to 32 A

93
2.12.2.5 Spain
Regulation on the use of RCDs as an additional protection for sockets up to 32 A which are intended to be used by
ordinary persons.

2.13 Country-specific Particularities
2.13.1 India
Parallel operation of transformers and diesel generators is not permitted according to the rules established by the
Indian Electricity Board.

94
2.14 Used Formula Symbols
Formula symbol Unit Description
Efficiency
1ph_n Phase angle at Ik1ph_n min/max
1ph_pe Phase angle at Ik1ph_pe min/max
1 min/max Phase angle at Ik1 min/max
2 Phase angle at Ik2min
3 Phase angle at Ik3 min/max
3 min/max Phase angle at Ik3 min/max
motor Phase angle at Ikmotor
u % Relative voltage drop between the beginning and end of a line section
U V Relative voltage drop between the beginning and end of a line section
u_tr % Relative voltage drop over the transformer winding
U_tr V Absolute voltage drop over the transformer winding
u % Summated relative voltage drop up to a given point with/without voltage drop over the
transformer winding according to the selected settings
U V Summated absolute voltage drop up to a given point with/without voltage drop over the
transformer winding according to the selected settings
u dyn. % Summated relative voltage drop at the starting motor with/without voltage drop over
the transformer winding according to the selected settings
U dyn. V Summated absolute voltage drop at the starting motor with/without voltage drop over
the transformer winding according to the selected settings
ai Capacity factor
c min/max Minimum/maximum voltage factor in accordance with IEC 60909-0
cos() Power factor
F1 The indicated short-circuit current refers to a fault in the medium-voltage busbar
F2 The indicated short-circuit current refers to a fault at the primary side of the transformer
F3 The indicated short-circuit current refers to a fault at the secondary side of the trans-
former
F4 The indicated short-circuit current refers to a fault at the end of the secondary-side con-
nection of the transformer.
ftot Reduction factor
fn Hz Nominal frequency
gf Simultaneity factor
gi Simultaneity factor
I> A Phase energizing current of overcurrent module of DMT relay

95
I>> A Phase energizing current of high-current module of DMT relay
I>>> A Phase energizing current of high-current module of DMT relay
u C Conductor temperature of MV cable / Conductor temperature of LV cable for voltage
drop calculation
Ikmax C Conductor temperature of MV cable / Conductor temperature of LV cable at Ikmax
Ikmin C Conductor temperature of MV cable / Conductor temperature of LV cable during discon-
nection
I2 A Conventional fusing current
It kAs Let-through energy
It a kAs Let-through energy downstream of the lower switching device or at the target distribu-
tion board / consumer
It b kAs Let-through energy upstream of the lower switching device
It c kAs Let-through energy downstream of the upper switching device
It d kAs Let-through energy at the output distribution board or upstream of the upper switching
device
It(Ii) kAs Let-through energy of the switching device at the transition to the I-release
It(Ikmax) kAs Let-through energy of the switching device in the event of maximum short-circuit cur-
rent
It(Ikmin) kAs Let-through energy of the switching device in the event of minimum short-circuit cur-
rent
It(RCD) kAs Rated let-through energy of RCD
It(fuse) kAs Let-through energy of fuse
It(set-point) kAs Let-through energy requirement on the connecting line
It value Let-through energy of the switching device at Ikmax from the characteristic curve file
Itmax(base) kAs Permissible I2t value of the fuse base
Ia/In Starting current ratio
Ib A Operating current
Ibb A Reactive load current
Ibel A Load current
Ir A Rated setpoint current of the switching device
Ib A Operating current
Ibb A Reactive load current
Ibel A Load current
Ir A Rated setpoint current of the switching device
Ibs A Apparent load current

96
Ibw A Active load current
c value kA Cut-off current of the switching device at Ikmax from the characteristic curve file (instan-
taneous value)
Ic (fuse) kA Cut-off current of the fuse
Icm kA Rated short-circuit making capacity
Icmax (base) kA Rated short-circuit current of the fuse base
Icn kA Rated short-circuit breaking capacity acc. to IEC 60898-1
Icu kA Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity acc. to IEC 60947-2
Icu korr a kA Requirement on the rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity downstream of
the lower switching device or at the target distribution board (controlled short-circuit
current)
Icu korr b kA Requirement on the rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity upstream of
the lower switching device (controlled short-circuit current)
Icu korr c kA Requirement on the rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity downstream of
the upper switching device (controlled short-circuit current)
Icu korr d kA Requirement on the rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity at the output distribu-
tion board or upstream of the upper switching device (controlled short-circuit current)
Icu(fuse) kA Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity - fuse
Icu/Icn required kA Required short-circuit breaking capacity for the protective device at the mounting loca-
tion
Icw 1s kA Rated short-time withstand current 1s
Ie A Earth energizing current of the DMT relay / of the RCD module
Ig A Setting value of the release for earth fault detection
Igb A Total reactive current
Igs A Total apparent current
Igw A Total active current
IHHmin A Minimum tripping current of the high-voltage high-rupturing capacity fuse (HV HRC
fuse)
Ii A Setting value of instantaneous short-circuit (I)-release
Ik1D kA 1-phase continuous short-circuit current
Ik1max kA Maximum 1-phase short-circuit current
Ik1max(F1) kA Maximum 1-phase short-circuit current in the event of a fault in the medium-voltage
busbar
Ik1maxph_n kA Maximum 1-phase short-circuit current phase to neutral conductor
Ik1maxph_pe kA Maximum 1-phase short-circuit current phase to protective conductor
Ik1min kA Minimum 1-phase short-circuit current

97
Ik1min(F2) kA Minimum 1-phase short-circuit current in the event of a fault at the transformer primary
side
Ik1min(F3) kA Minimum 1-phase short-circuit current in the event of a fault at the transformer second-
ary side
Ik1min(F4) kA Minimum 1-phase short-circuit current in the event of a fault at the end of the second-
ary-side connection of the transformer
Ik1minph_n kA Minimum 1-phase short-circuit current phase to neutral conductor
Ik1minph_pe kA Minimum 1-phase short-circuit current phase to protective conductor
Ik2min A Minimum 2-pole short-circuit current
Ik2min(F2) kA Minimum 2-pole short-circuit current in the event of a fault at the transformer primary
side
Ik2min(F3) kA Minimum 2-pole short-circuit current in the event of a fault at the transformer secondary
side
Ik2min(F4) kA Minimum 2-pole short-circuit current in the event of a fault at the end of the secondary-
side connection of the transformer
Ik3(F3) kA 3-pole short-circuit current in the event of a fault at the transformer secondary side
Ik3D kA 3-pole continuous short-circuit current
Ik3max kA Maximum 3-pole short-circuit current
Ik3max(F1) kA Maximum 3-pole short-circuit current in the event of a fault in the medium-voltage bus-
bar
Ik3min kA Minimum 3-pole short-circuit current
Ikmax A Maximum short-circuit current of all short-circuit currents
Ikmax a kA Maximum short-circuit current downstream of the lower switching device or at the tar-
get distribution board (uncontrolled short-circuit current)
Ikmax b kA Maximum short-circuit current upstream of the lower switching device (uncontrolled
short-circuit current)
Ikmax c kA Maximum short-circuit current downstream of the upper switching device (uncontrolled
short-circuit current)
Ikmax d kA Maximum short-circuit current at the output distribution board or upstream of the upper
switching device (uncontrolled short-circuit current)
Ikmax/Ikmin Ratio of maximum/minimum short-circuit current
Ikmin A Minimum short-circuit current of all short-circuit currents
Ikmotor kA 3-pole short-circuit current proportion of the motor
Ikre Factor of energetic recovery short-circuit current
Imax A Maximum rated current of busbar system
In A Nominal/rated current
In (RCD) mA Rated current of RCD
In (switch) A Nominal/rated current of medium-voltage switchgear

98
In (fuse) A Nominal/rated current of medium-voltage fuse
In max A Rated device current at 40 C standard temperature
In zul A Permissible switch load according to ambient temperature
In1 A Rated current of transformer, primary side
In2 A Rated current of transformer, secondary side
In A Rated transformer current at nominal power
Ipk kA Peak short-circuit current
Ipk kA Short-circuit strength of the lightning current/overvoltage arrester in case of maximum
permissible size of backup fuse
Iq kA Conditional rated short-circuit current - motor starter combination
IR A Setting value for overload (L)-release
Isd A Setting value of short-time delayed short-circuit (S)-release
Isel-short A Calculated selectivity limit value between Ikmin and Ikmax
Isel overload A Calculated selectivity limit value in range less than Ikmin
Iz, Izul A Permissible load current of a connecting line
In mA Rated earth-fault current RCD protection
L Phase
L1 Phase 1
L2 Phase 2
L3 Phase 3
max Maximum
min Minimum
MRPD Machine-readable product designation
MV Medium voltage
N Neutral conductor
LV Low voltage
P kW Active power, electric
PE Protective earth conductor
Pmech kW Active power, mechanical
Pn kW Nominal active power
P0 kW No-load losses
Pv, Pk kW Short-circuit losses
pz Number of poles, switchgear

99
Q kvar Reactive power
Qe kvar Effective reactive capacitor power
Qn kvar Nominal reactive power
R/X Ratio of resistance to reactance
R0 m Resistance in the zero phase-sequence system
R0 min/max m Minimum/maximum resistance in the zero phase-sequence system
R0 N m Resistance in the zero phase-sequence system, phase - N
R0 PE(N) m Resistance in the zero phase-sequence system, phase - PE(N)
R0U m Resistance in the zero phase-sequence system for the voltage drop
R0/R1 Resistance ratio of zero/positive phase-sequence system
r0ph-n m/m Specific active resistance of the zero phase-sequence system for the phase to neutral
conductor loop
r0ph-pe(n) m/m Specific active resistance of the zero-phase-sequence system for the phase to PE conduc-
tor loop
r1 m/m Specific active resistance of positive phase-sequence system
r1 % Related resistance value in the positive phase-sequence system
R1 m Resistance in the positive phase-sequence system
R1U m Resistance in the positive phase-sequence system for the voltage drop
R1 min/max m Minimum/maximum resistance in the positive phase-sequence system
Ra+Rb max m Sum of resistances of the earth electrode and possibly wired protective conductor be-
tween exposed conductive part and earth in the IT or TT network
Rs min/max m Minimum/maximum loop resistance
S kVA apparent power
S2K2 Thermal fault withstand capability of the cable
Sn kVA Nominal apparent power
SnT kVA Nominal apparent power of transformer
t> s Delay time for the overcurrent module of DMT relay
t>> s Delay time for the high-current module of DMT relay
ta zul (Ii) s Permissible switch disconnection time for the setting value of the I-release, without
violating the condition k2S2>I2t
ta zul (Ikmax) s Permissible switch disconnection time at maximum short-circuit current, without violat-
ing the condition k2S2>I2t
ta zul (Ikmin) s Permissible switch disconnection time at minimum short-circuit current, without violat-
ing the condition k2S2>I2t
ta zul ABS s Permissible disconnection time in compliance with DIN VDE 0100-410 (IEC 60364-4-41)

100
ta(min abs) s Switchgear disconnection time for disconnect condition
ta(min kzs) Switchgear disconnection time for short-circuit protection
ta_max s Maximum disconnection time of the switchgear to be evaluated
te s Delay time of the earth energizing current of the DMT relay / of the RCD module
tg s Time value of the G-release (absolute)
tR s Time value of the L-release
tsd s Time value of the S-release
Tu C Ambient device temperature
u % Relative voltage
ukr % Relative rated short-circuit voltage
Umax V Maximum rated voltage of the busbar system
Un V Nominal voltage
Uprim kV Primary voltage
Usec V Secondary voltage
LVSD Low-voltage sub-distribution (system)
V Loads
X0 min/max m Minimum/maximum reactance in the zero phase-sequence system
X0 N m Reactance of phase-N in the zero phase-sequence system
X0 PE(N) m Reactance of phase-PE(N) in the zero phase-sequence system
X0U m Reactance of the zero phase-sequence system for voltage drop, independent of temper-
ature
X0/X1 Reactance ratio of zero/positive phase-sequence system
x0ph-n m/m Specific reactive resistance of the zero phase-sequence system for the phase to neutral
conductor loop
x0ph-pe(n) m/m Specific reactive resistance of the zero-phase-sequence system for the phase to PE con-
ductor loop
x1 m/m Specific reactive resistance of positive phase-sequence system
X1 m Reactance in the positive phase-sequence system
X1 min/max m Minimum/maximum reactance in the positive phase-sequence system
X1U m Reactance in the positive phase-sequence system for the voltage drop
xd % Subtransient reactance
Xs min/max m Minimum/maximum loop reactance
Z0 m Impedance of zero phase-sequence system
Z0 min/max m Minimum/maximum impedance in the zero phase-sequence system

101
Z0U m Impedance in the zero phase-sequence system for the voltage drop
Z1 m Impedance of positive phase-sequence system
Z1 min/max m Minimum/maximum impedance in the positive phase-sequence system
Z1U m Impedance in the positive phase-sequence system for the voltage drop
Zs Loop impedance
Zs min/max Minimum/maximum loop resistance

102
3 Special Technical Information about
System Planning in SIMARIS project
3.1 Technical Data of
8DJH Gas-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear
3.1.1 Current Transformer
In order to size a combination of current transformer plus protection device optimally, please get in touch with
your Siemens contact in charge, who can perform a separate calculation of the required current transformers or protec-
tion devices for you.
3.1.2 Capacitive Voltage Detector Systems
Voltage detector systems IEC /EN 61243-5 bzw. VDE 0682-415
HR / LRM

Pluggable voltage display unit
Isolation from supply tested phase by phase, plugging the unit into the proper socket pairs
Display unit is suitable for continuous duty
Safe to touch
Routine-tested
Measurement system and voltage display unit can be tested
Voltage display unit flashes, when high voltage is appplied
VOIS+

Integrated display
Display "A1" to "A3"
- "A1": Operating voltage ready
- "A2": Operating voltage not available
- "A3": Phase failure in phase L1, e.g. earth fault, operating voltage present at L2 and L3
No maintenance, repeat test required
Integrated 3-phase LRM measuring point for phase comparison
VOIS R+

Integrated display
No maintenance, repeat test required
Integrated signalling relay

103
WEGA 1.2

Integrated display
No maintenance
Integrated repeat test of the interface (self-testing)
Integrated function test (without auxiliary power) by pressing the
"Display Test" key
- "A4": Voltage present. Shown in the range of 0.10...0.45 x Un
- "A5": Display of "Test" OK
Without auxiliary power
Without signalling relay
WEGA 2.2

Integrated display
No maintenance
Integrated repeat test of the interface (self-testing)
"Display Test" key
- "A0": Operating voltage not available. Active zero-voltage display
- "A2": Auxiliary power not available
Signalling relay (integrated, auxiliary power required)
CAPDIS-S1+

No maintenance
Integrated display
Integrated repeat test of the interfaces (self-testing)
"Test" key
Without auxiliary power
Without signalling relay (without auxiliary contacts)
CAPDIS-S2+

No maintenance
Integrated display
Integrated repeat test of the interfaces (self-testing)
"Test" key
- "A0": Operating voltage not available. Active zero-voltage display
- "A2": Auxiliary power not available
- "A6": Display of ERROR, e.g. wire breakage or aux. power missing
Signalling relay (integrated, auxiliary power required)

104

3.1.3 Panels
Circuit-breaker panel L (Type1.1, Automatic reclosing)

AR = Automatic reclosing
Number of current break operations Ir n 10,000 / M2
Rated switching sequence O 0.3s CO 3min CO
Number of short-circuit isolations Isc n 25 or 50

Circuit-breaker panel L (Type2, Non automatic reclosing)

NAR = Non automatic reclosing
Number of current break operations Ir n 2,000 / M1
Rated switching sequence O 3min CO 3min CO
Number of short-circuit isolations Isc n 6 or 20

105
Ring-main cable panel R

Transformer panel T

Busbar sectionalizer panel S (with switch disconnector)

Busbar sectionalizer panel H (with HV HRC fuse)

106
Vertical bus coupler V (with circuit-breaker)

Metering panel M

Necessary current transformers must be supplied by the customer (electrical utility company)
Busbar voltage metering panel, fused om the primary side M(430)

Busbar voltage metering panel M(500)

107
Cable connection panel K

Busbar earthing panel E

108
3.1.4 Protective Devices
7SD61 Differential protection relay for 2 line ends with 4-line display
The 7SD610 relay is a differential protection relay suitable for all kinds of applications, providing all func-
tions required for the differential protection of lines, cables and transformers. Transformers and compen-
sation coils within the differential protection zone are protected by integrated functions which were previ-
ously found in the differential protection of transformers only. Moreover, it is also well-suited for complex
applications such as series and parallel compensation of lines and cables.
7SJ600 Digital overcurrent, motor and overload protection relay
The SIPROTEC 7SJ600 is a numerical overcurrent protection relay which, in addition to its primary use in
radial distribution networks and motor protection, also be employed as backup protection for feeder,
transformer and generator differential protection.
7SJ602 Multi-function overcurrent and motor protection relay
radial distribution networks and motor protection, can also be used as backup protection for the differen-
tial protection of lines, transformers and generators. The SIPROTEC 7SJ602 provides both definite-time and
inverse-time overcurrent protection along with overload protection and protection against unbalanced
loads (negative phase-sequence system) for a very comprehensive relay package.
7SJ63 Multi-function protection relay
The SIPROTEC 4 7SJ63 can be used as protection relay for controlling and monitoring outgoing distribution
feeders and transmission lines in at any voltage level in power systems which are characterized by an
earthed, low-resistance earthed, non-earthed or a compensated neutral point topology. The relay is suita-
ble for radial and looped networks and for lines with single or multi-terminal feeds. Regarding the time-
overcurrent/directional time-overcurrent protection its characteristics can either be definite-time or in-
verse-time or user-defined.
7SJ64 Multi-function protection relay with synchronisation
feeders and transmission lines at any voltage level in power systems which are characterized by an
ble for radial and looped networks and for lines with single or multi-terminal feeds. The SIPROTEC 4 7SJ64
is equipped with a synchronisation function which provides the operation modes synchronisation check
(classical) and synchronous/asynchronous switching (which factors in the mechanical circuit-breaker
delay). Motor protection comprises undercurrent monitoring, starting time supervision, restart inhibit,
locked rotor, load jam protection as well as motor statistics.
The SIPROTEC Compact 7SJ80 relays can be used for line/feeder protection of high and medium voltage
networks with earthed, low-resistance earthed, isolated or a compensated neutral point. The relays have
all the required functions to be applied as a backup protection to a transformer differential protection
relay.
7SN60 Transient earth-fault protection relay
The highly sensitive 7SN60 transient earth-fault relay determines the direction of transient and continuous
earth faults in systems with isolated neutral, in systems with high-impedance resistive earthing and in
compensated systems. Continuous earth faults are indicated with a delay, either in conjunction with a
transient earth fault and subsequently persisting displacement voltage, or with just the displacement volt-
age present.
7UM62 Multi-function generator and motor protection relay
SIPROTEC 4 7UM62 protection relays can do more than just protect. They also provide numerous addition-
al functions. Be it earth faults, short-circuits, overload, overvoltage, overfrequency or underfrequency
asynchronous conditions, protection relays assure continued operation of power stations. The SIPROTEC 4
7UM62 protection relay is a compact unit which has been specially developed for the protection of small,
medium-sized and large generators.

109
7UT612 Differential protection relay for transformers, generators, motors and busbars
The SIPROTEC 7UT612 differential protection relay is used for fast and selective fault clearing of short-
circuits in two winding transformers of all voltage levels and also in rotating electric machines like motors
and generators, for short two-terminal lines and busbars up to 7 feeders.
7VE61 Multi-function parallelling devices
The 7VE61 and 7VE63 parallelling devices of the SIPROTEC 4 family are multi-functional compact units
used for parallelling power systems and generators.

For more information about these protection relays, please refer to:
www.siemens.com/protection

110
8DJH36 Gas-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear
3.2.2 Panels
Circuit-breaker panel L1 (Type 1, AR)

AR = Automatic reclosing
Number of breaking operations Ir n 10.000 / M2
Rated operating sequence O 0,3s CO 3min CO
Number of short-circuit breaking
operations Isc
n 25 or 50
Circuit-breaker panel L2 (Type 2, NAR)

NAR = Non automatic reclosing
Rated operating sequence O 3min CO 3min CO
Number of short-circuit breaking
operations Isc
n 6 or 20
Ring-main panel R

111
Transformer panel T

Metering panel M

Necessary transformer must be provided by customer (power supplier)

112
overcurrent/directional time-overcurrent protection its characteristics can either be definite-time or in-
verse-time or user-defined.
(classical) and synchronous/asynchronous switching (which factors in the mechanical circuit-breaker
delay). Motor protection comprises undercurrent monitoring, starting time supervision, restart inhibit,
locked rotor, load jam protection as well as motor statistics.
relay.
age present.

113


114
NX PLUS C Gas-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear

3.3.2 Cubicles
LS circuit-breaker panel

Disconnector panel TS

Sectionalizer (in one panel) LK

115
Switch disconnector panel TR

Metering panel ME

Contactor panel VS

Ring-main cable panel RK

116
overcurrent/directional time-overcurrent protection, its characteristics can either be definite time or in-
verse time or user-defined.
(classical) and synchronous/
asynchronous switching (which factors in the mechanical circuit-breaker delay). Motor protection com-
prises undercurrent monitoring, starting time supervision, restart inhibit, locked rotor, load jam protection
as well as motor statistics.
relay.
age present.

117


118
SIMOSEC Air-insulated Medium-voltage Switchgear
3.4.2 Panels
Circuit-breaker panel, type L
Single panel

Automatic reclosing AR:
Rated switching sequence O 0,3s CO 30s CO
Number of short-circuit breaking operations Isc n 30 oder 50

Without automatic reclosing NAR:
Rated switching sequence O 0,3s CO 3min CO
Number of short-circuit breaking operations Isc n 20

Circuit-breaker panel, type L (T)
Combination panel

Automatic reclosing AR:
Rated switching sequence O 0,3s CO 30s CO
Number of short-circuit breaking operations Isc n 30 oder 50

Without automatic reclosing NAR:
Rated switching sequence O 0,3s CO 3min CO
Number of short-circuit breaking operations Isc n 20

Combinations possible with
High-rising panel, type H
Ring cable panel, type R (T)
Metering panel, type M and M(-K)

119
Ring cable panel, type R
Single panel

Ring cable panel type R(T)
Combination panel

Circuit-breaker panel, type L(T)
Metering panel, type M and M(-K)

Transformer panel, type T
Single panel

120
Metering Panel Type M
Single panel

Current transformers, if required, must be provided by the customer (utilities company).

Metering panel, type M and Typ M(-K)
Combination panel


Cable panel, type K
Single panel

121
Busbar earthing panel, type E
Single panel

Combination panel


122
relay.
age present.

123


124
3.5 Technical Data of NXAirS Air-insulated Medium-voltage
Switchgear (only for China)
3.5.1 NXAirS 12 kV
3.5.1.1 Current Transformer
For optimal design of the combination transformer-protection, please approach your responsible Siemens contact person,
who can create a separate calculation of necessary transformer or protection devices.

3.5.1.2 Panels
Circuit breaker panel

Withdrawable Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Mechanical endurance 30.000 / M2
Rated short-time withstand current up to 40 kA 4 s
Internal arc fault current up to 40 kA 1 s
Disconnecting panel

Withdrawable disconnector left
Bus sectionalizer: circuit breaker panel

Rated short-time withstand current up to 40 kA 4 s
Internal arc fault current up to 40 kA 1 s
Bus sectionalizer to the right
Bus sectionalizer to the left

125
Bus riser panel without disconnecting module

Bus riser to the right
Bus riser to the left
Vacuum contactor panel

Rated current: 400 A
Main circuit resistance 180
Rated current operating cycle :
Electrical latching:1,000,000
Mechanical latching:100,000

Bus connecting panel

Busbar compartment
Switching device compartment
Connection compartment
Transformer panel

Busbar compartment
Metering panel

Busbar compartment

126
3.5.2 NXAirS 24 kV
3.5.2.1 Current Transformer
For optimal design of the combination transformer-protection, please approach your responsible Siemens contact person,
who can create a separate calculation of necessary transformer or protection devices.

3.5.2.2 Panels
Circuit-breaker panel

Rated short-time withstand current up to 31.5 kA 4 s
Internal arc fault current up to 31.5 kA 1 s
Partition class PM
Disconnecting panel

Withdrawable disconnector left
Bus sectionalizer: circuit breaker panel

Number of breaking operations Ir 30.000 / M2
Rated short-time withstand current up to 31.5 kA 4 s
Internal arc fault current up to 31.5 kA 1 s
Partition class PM
Bus sectionalizer to the right
Bus sectionalizer to the left

127
Bus riser panel without disconnecting module

Bus riser panel with disconnecting module

Bus connecting panel

Busbar compartment
Transformer panel

Busbar compartment

128
Metering panel

Busbar compartment

129
relay.
age present.

130


131
3.6 Technical Data for SIVACON S4 Low-voltage Switchboard
3.6.1 Cubicles
Circuit-breaker design

Mounting design Fixed-mounted,
withdrawable-unit design
Functions Incoming/outgoing feeder, coupling
Rated current In max. 3,200 A
Connection type Top / Bottom
Cubicle width [mm] 400 / 600 / 800 / 1,200
Internal subdivision Form 1, 2b, 3b, 4a, 4b
Busbar position At the top
Fixed-mounting design with module doors

Mounting design Withdrawable unit, fixed-mounted, socket
with module doors
Functions Cable outlets
Rated current In max. 1600 A
Connection type Front and rear side
Cubicle width [mm] 1,200/1,600
Fixed-mounted design with cubicle door / front cover

Mounting design Withdrawable unit, fixed-mounted, socket
with front covers

132
In-line design for horizontal in-line type switch disconnectors

Mounting design Plug-in design
Connection type Front side
Internal subdivision Form 1, 3b, 4b
In-line design for vertical in-line type fuse switch disconnectors

Mounting design Fixed mounting
Cubicle width [mm] 600/800
Modular devices

Mounting design Fixed mounting
Functions Modular devices
Rated current In max. 200A
Cubicle width [mm] 600/800
Internal subdivision Form 1, 2b
Busbar position Top/without

133

Special cubicles

Mounting design Mounting plate, 19 guide frame
Functions Any design

Cubicle width [mm] 400 / 600 / 800 /1,000 / 1,200 (mounting plate)
600 / 800 (19 guide frame)
Internal subdivision Form 1, 2b
Busbar position Top/without (mounting plate)
Without (19 guide frame)

3.6.2 Cable Connection
Please check the cable connection options at the cubicles!

134
3.6.3 Component Mounting Rules for Vented Cubicles with 3- or 4-pole In-
line Switch Disconnectors
Component mounting in the cubicle from bottom to top and decreasing from size 3 to size 00
Recommended maximum component density per cubicle incl. reserve approx. 2/3
Distribute in-line switch disconnectors of size 2 and 3 to different cubicles, if possible
Total operating current per cubicle max. 2,000 A
Rated currents of component sizes = 0.8 x In of the largest fuse-link
Rated currents of smaller fuse-links in same size = 0.8 x In of the fuse-link

In-line switch dis-
connector size
Permissible cur-
rent (continuous
operating current
at 35C ambient
temperature of
switchboard)
Total covered height
to be assigned
(recommended arrange-
ment of blanking cover see
on the right)
Arrangement of in-line switch discon-
nectors + associated blanking covers
(blanking covers with vent slots, 50
mm high)
Size 3 in-line switch
disconnectors (do
not form groups!)
440 A to 500 A
of unit
200 mm = 4 items per in-line
device

In x 0.8 = 500 A =
permissible
continuous operating
current
< 440 A of
the unit
150 mm = 3 items per in-line
device

In x 0.8 = 400 A =
permissible
current
Size 2 in-line switch
disconnectors (do
not form groups!)
< 320 A of
the unit
50 mm = 1 item per in-line
device

In x 0.8 = 284 A =
permissible
current
Groups of in-line
devices in size 00
and 1
400 A =
total current of
fuse-links
group x 0.8
100 mm = 2 items per group

Total
In x 0.8 400 A
= permmissible
current
Group including any
number of in-line
devices in size 00
< 64 A of
the unit
100 mm = 2 items per group

(Sum total 1 to In) x
= permissible
current
= Rated load factor

135
SIVACON S8 Low-voltage Switchgear
3.7.1 Cubicles
Circuit-breaker design

Mounting technique Fixed-mounted or withdrawable unit design
Functions System infeed, feeder, coupling
Rated current In max. 6,300 A
Connection type Front or rear side
cables/ busbar trunking systems
Cubicle width (mm) 400 / 600 / 800 / 1.000 / 1.400
Internal separation: Form 1, 2b, 3a, 4b, 4 Type 7 (BS)
Busbar position: Rear / top
Universal mounting design

Mounting technique Withdrawable unit design, fixed mounted with
compartment doors,
plug-in design
Functions Cable feeders, motor feeders (MCC)
Rated current In max. 630 A / max. 250 kW
Cubicle width (mm) 600 / 1.000 / 1.200
Internal separation Form 2b, 3b, 4a, 4b, 4 Type 7 (BS)
Busbar position Rear / top
Fixed-mounted design

Mounting technique Fixed-mounted design with front cover
Functions Cable feeders
Connection type Front-mounted
Cubicle width (mm) 1.000 / 1.200
Internal separation Form 1, 2b, 3b, 4a, 4b
Busbar position Rear / top

136
In-line design for switch disconnectors mounted horizontally in-line

Mounting technique Plug-in design
Cubicle width (mm) 1.000 / 1.200
Internal separation Form 1, 3b, 4b
Busbar position rear / top
In-line design for fuse switch disconnectors mounted vertically in-line

Mounting technique Fixed-mounted devices
Connection type front-mounted
Cubicle width (mm) 600 / 800 / 1.000
Internal separation Form 1, 2b
Busbar position Rear
Reactive power compensation

Mounting technique Fixed-mounted devices
Functions Central compensation of reactive power
Rated current In Non-choked up to 600 kvar /
choked up to 500 kvar
Cubicle width (mm) 800
Internal separation Form 1, 2b
Busbar position Rear / top / none
3.7.2 Cable connection
Please check the cable connection options of the cables at the panels/cubicles!
Information can also be found in the section Parallel cables in incoming and outgoing feeders in the
SIVACON S8 system (low-voltage power distribution board) of this manual.

137
3.7.3 Busbar Trunking Size for Connection Type
'busbar trunking system for circuit-breaker design'
Busbar trunking system connection pieces for LD busbars with aluminium conductors
busbar amperage
IP34, horizontal IP34, vertical IP54
LDA<n> LDA1 max. 1,100 A max. 950 A max. 900 A
LDA2 max. 1,250 A max. 1,100 A max. 1,000 A

Busbar trunking system connection pieces for LD busbars with copper conductors
busbar amperage
IP34, horizontal IP34, vertical IP54
LDC<n> LDC2 max. 2,000 A max. 1,650 A max. 1,600 A
LDC3 max. 2,600 A max. 2,100 A max. 2,000 A

Busbar trunking system connection pieces for LX busbars with aluminium conductors
busbar amperage
LXA<n> LXA01... max. 800 A
LXA02... max. 1,000 A
LXA04... max. 1,250 A
LXA05 max. 1,600 A
LXA06 max. 2,000 A
LXA07 max. 2,500 A
LXA08... max. 3,200 A
LXA09... max. 4,000 A
LXA10... max. 4,500 A

138
Busbar trunking system connection pieces for LX busbars with copper conductors
busbar amperage
LXC<n> LXC01... max. 1,000 A
LXA02... max. 1,250 A
LXA04... max. 1,600 A
LXA05 max. 2,000 A
LXA06 max. 2,500 A
LXA07 max. 3,200 A
LXA08... max. 4,000 A
LXA09... max. 5,000 A

139
3.7.4 Arcing Fault Levels
Arcing fault levels describe a classification based on the equipment properties under arcing fault conditions and the limi-
tation of the effects of an arcing fault on the installation or parts thereof.
Testing of low-voltage switchgear under arcing fault conditions is a special test in compliance with IEC 61641 or VDE
0660 Part 500-2.

Level 1
Personal safety without limiting the effects of an internal
arc within the switchgear as far as possible.

Level 2
Personal safety and limiting the effects of the internal arc
to one panel/cubicle or one double-front unit.

Level 3
Personal safety and limiting the effects to the main busbar
compartment in a panel/cubicle or double-front unit and
the device or cable connection compartment.

Level 4
Personal safety and limiting the effects of the internal arc
to the place of fault origin.

140
3.7.5 Equipment Rules for Ventilated Cubicles with 3- or 4-pole In-line
Units
Equipment in the cubicle from bottom to top, decreasing from size 3 to size 00
Recommended maximum equipment per cubicle approximately 2/3 including reserve
Distribute size 2 and 3 in-line units on different cubicles to the extent possible.
Summation operational current per cubicle max. 2000 A
Rated currents of the devices sizes = 0.8 x IN of the largest fuse link
Rated currents of smaller fuse links of one size = 0.8 x IN of the fuse link

In-line unit size Permissible
current
(continuous
operational
current at 35C
ambient system
temperature)
Total allocated covered
height(recommended ar-
rangement of the blanking
cover is shown to the right)
Arrangement of in-line units +
associated blanking covers
(Blanking covers with vent slots,
50 mm high)
In-line units size 3
(group formation not
permitted)
440 A to 500 A
of the single
device
200 mm = 4 units per in-line
unit

In x 0,8 = 500 A =
permissible
continuous
operational current
< 440 A of the
single device
unit

In x 0,8 = 400 A =
permissible
continuous
operational current
In-line units size 2
(group formation not
permitted)
320 A of the
single device
unit

In x 0,8 = 284 A =
permissible
continuous
operational current
Groups of in-line units
size 00 and 1
400 A =
summation
current of the
fuse link group x
0.8
100 mm = 2 units per group

Total
In x 0,8 400 A
= permissible
continuous
operational current
Any size group of size
00 in-line units
64 A of the
single device
100 mm = 2 units per group

(Total 1 to In) x
= permissible
continuous
operational current
= rated diversity
factor

141
SIVACON 8PT Low-voltage Switchgear (only for China)
3.8.1 Cubicles
Circuit breaker system for 1 circuit breaker

Installation systems: Fixed-mounted design, Withdrawable design
Functions: Supply, Feeder, Coupling
Rated current In: up to 6,300 A
Connection position: front or rear
Cable / busbar trunking system
Section width (mm): 400 / 600 / 800 / 1,000
Internal separation: Form 1, 2b, 3a, 4b
Busbar position: top

Functions: Supply, Feeder, Coupling
Rated current In: 2,000 / 2,500 A
Section width (mm): 600 / 800 / 1,000
Internal separation: Form 1, 3a

Functions: Supply, Feeder
Rated current In: up to 1,600 A
Section width (mm): 600 /1,000 / 1,200
Internal separation: Form 1, 3a

142
Withdrawable unit design with front doors

Installation systems: Withdrawable unit design with front doors
Functions: Cable feeders, Motor feeders (MCC)
Rated current In: up to 630 A
Connection position: front or side right
Section width (mm): 600 / 1,000
Internal separation: Form 3b, 4b
Fixed-mounted design with front covers OFF1

Installation systems: Fixed-mounted or plug-in design with front covers
Functions: Cable feeders
Connection position: front or side right
Section width (mm): 600 / 800 / 1,000
Internal separation: Form 1, 2b
Fixed-mounted design with front doors, connection right, OFF2

Installation systems: Fixed-mounted or plug-in design with front doors
Connection position: side right
Section width (mm): 1,000
Internal separation: Form 4a

143
Fixed-mounted design with front doors, connection rear, OFF3

Connection position: rear
Section width (mm): 800
Internal separation: Form 3b, 4b (type 5 and 7 acc.
BS EN 60439 possible
Fixed-mounted design with front doors, connection right/right and left,
OFF4

Connection position: right or right and left
Section width (mm): 1,200 / 1,400 / 1,600
Internal separation: Form 3b, 4b (type 5 and 7 acc.
BS EN 60439 possible

144
Cubicles for customised solutions

Installation systems: Fixed-mounted design
Functions: Mounting plates and devices for control task
Rated current In: up to 1,200 A (for busbar)
Connection position: front
Section width (mm): 400 / 600 / 800 / 1000
Internal separation: Form 1, 2b
Cubicle bus system: without, rear

Cable connection
Please check the connection of cables to the fields!

145
3.9 Derating
3.9.1 Rated Currents for 1 Circuit-breaker/Cubicle with 3WT
Rated currents In as a function of ambient temperature
3WT
Incoming feeder or outgoing feeder function
Non-ventilated Ventilated
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 3WT806 630
800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 3WT808 800
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 3WT810 1000
1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1220 1180 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 3WT812 1250
1600 1600 1580 1540 1500 1450 1410 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1590 3WT816 1600
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1950 1890 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3WT820 2000
2500 2500 2450 2390 2330 2260 2190 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2490 3WT825 2500
2750 2690 2620 2560 2490 2420 2340 3150 3070 3000 2920 2850 2770 2680 3WT832 3200

3WT
Coupling function Non-ventilated
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 3WT806 630
800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 3WT808 800
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 3WT810 1000
1250 1250 1250 1250 1220 1190 1150 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 3WT812 1250
1590 1540 1490 1440 1390 1340 1280 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1580 1520 3WT816 1600
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1950 1890 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3WT820 2000
2500 2500 2480 2420 2350 2290 2220 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2460 3WT825 2500
2590 2530 2470 2400 2340 2270 2210 3000 2930 2860 2790 2710 2640 2560 3WT832 3200

146
3.9.2 Rated Currents for 2 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WT
With cubicle type 2 ACB/cubicle the rated currents are specified according the installation position of the circuit-breaker.

3WT
Incoming feeder or outgoing feeder or coupling function
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
Installation position top
1790 1750 1710 1660 1620 1570 1530 2000 2000 2000 2000 1990 1940 1880 3WT820 2000
2060 2010 1960 1910 1860 1810 1750 2470 2410 2350 2290 2230 2170 2100 3WT825 2500
Installation position below
1910 1870 1820 1770 1730 1680 1630 2000 2000 2000 2000 1970 1920 1860 3WT820 2000
2280 2220 2170 2120 2060 2000 1940 2500 2500 2500 2500 2490 2420 2350 3WT825 2500

147
3.9.3 Rated Currents for 3 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WT
ATTENTION: Consider the rated current of the vertical busbars while projecting the cubicle!

Rated currents In with vertical busbars as a function of ambient temperature
Installation position
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]

3175 3100 3025 2950 2870 2790 2705 4090 3995 3900 3800 3700 3595 3485 below, middle, top
2260 2210 2155 2100 2045 1985 1925 2905 2840 2770 2700 2630 2555 2480 below, middle

3WT
Installation position optional
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
630 630 630 630 630 630 600 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 3WT806 630
800 800 800 800 800 780 750 800 800 800 800 800 795 765 3WT808 800
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 3WT810 1000
1160 1135 1110 1080 1050 1020 990 1250 1250 1250 1250 1215 1180 1145 3WT812 1250
1160 1135 1110 1080 1050 1020 990 1345 1315 1280 1250 1215 1180 1145 3WT816 1600
Installation position middle
1185 1155 1130 1100 1070 1040 1010 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 3WT812 1250
1185 1155 1130 1100 1070 1040 1010 1455 1420 1385 1350 1315 1275 1240 3WT816 1600
1345 1315 1280 1250 1215 1180 1145 1345 1315 1280 1250 1215 1180 1145 3WT812 1250
1505 1470 1435 1400 1365 1325 1285 1600 1600 1600 1600 1555 1515 1470 3WT816 1600

148
3.9.4 Rated Currents for 1 Circuit-breaker/Cubicle with 3WL
Rated currents In depending on ambient temperature
3WL
Function incoming supply or outgoing feeder
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 3WL1106 630
800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 3WL1108 800
1000 1000 980 955 930 900 875 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 3WL1110 1000
1250 1220 1190 1160 1130 1100 1060 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1240 3WL1112 1250
1580 1550 1510 1470 1430 1390 1350 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 3WL1116 1600
1910 1870 1830 1780 1730 1680 1630 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1950 1890 3WL1220 2000
1250 1220 1190 1160 1130 1100 1060 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1240 3WL1112 1250
1580 1550 1510 1470 1430 1390 1350 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 3WL1116 1600
1910 1870 1830 1780 1730 1680 1630 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1950 1890 3WL1220 2000
2210 2160 2100 2050 2000 1940 1880 2500 2500 2500 2440 2380 2310 2240 3WL1225 2500
2530 2470 2410 2350 2290 2220 2160 3010 2940 2870 2800 2720 2650 2570 3WL1232 3200
3760 3680 3590 3500 3400 3310 3210 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 3930 3810 3WL1340 4000
3860 3770 3680 3590 3490 3400 3290 4740 4630 4520 4400 4280 4160 4040 3WL1350 5000
4860 4750 4630 4520 4390 4270 4140 5720 5610 5500 5390 5280 5160 5040 3WL1363 6300

3WL
Function longitudinal coupler
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 3WL1106 630
800 800 800 800 800 785 760 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 3WL1108 800
895 875 850 830 810 785 760 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 995 3WL1110 1000
1180 1160 1130 1100 1070 1040 1010 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 3WL1112 1250
1540 1510 1470 1430 1390 1360 1310 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1600 1590 3WL1116 1600
2000 1980 1920 1850 1780 1710 1640 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1970 3WL1220 2000
2280 2210 2140 2070 1990 1910 1830 2500 2500 2500 2480 2390 2300 2200 3WL1225 2500
2470 2400 2320 2240 2160 2080 1990 3140 3050 2950 2850 2750 2640 2530 3WL1232 3200
3510 3430 3350 3270 3180 3090 3000 4200 4100 4000 3900 3800 3690 3580 3WL1340 4000
3790 3700 3610 3520 3430 3330 3230 4980 4870 4750 4630 4510 4380 4250 3WL1350 5000
4570 4460 4350 4240 4130 4010 3890 5570 5440 5310 5180 5040 4900 4750 3WL1363 6300

149
3.9.5 Rated currents for 2 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WL,
Rear Connection
With cubicle type 2 ACB/cubicle the rated currents are specified according to the installation position of the circuit-breaker.
ATTENTION: max. Icw = 65 kA, 1s at cable connection rear

3WL
Function incoming feeder or outgoing feeder
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
1870 1830 1790 1740 1690 1650 1600 1960 1910 1870 1820 1770 1720 1670 3WL1220 2000
1930 1870 1810 1750 1690 1620 1550 2270 2200 2130 2060 1990 1910 1830 3WL1225 2500
1760 1760 1760 1760 1710 1660 1620 1840 1840 1840 1840 1790 1740 1690 3WL1220 2000
2200 2200 2200 2200 2140 2080 2020 2310 2310 2310 2310 2250 2190 2120 3WL1225 2500

3WL
Function incoming feeder or outgoing feeder and coupler
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
Installation position top (coupler)
1780 1740 1700 1650 1610 1570 1520 1860 1810 1780 1730 1680 1630 1590 3WL1220 2000
1830 1780 1720 1660 1610 1540 1470 2160 2090 2020 1960 1890 1810 1740 3WL1225 2500
Installation position below (incoming feeder or outgoing feeder)
1670 1670 1670 1670 1620 1580 1540 1750 1750 1750 1750 1700 1650 1610 3WL1220 2000
2090 2090 2090 2090 2030 1980 1920 2190 2190 2190 2190 2140 2080 2010 3WL1225 2500

150
3.9.6 Rated Currents for 2 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WL,
Front Connection
With cubicle type 2 ACB/cubicle the rated currents are specified according to the installation position of the circuit-breaker.

3WL
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
1380 1340 1310 1270 1240 1210 1170 1890 1840 1800 1760 1710 1660 1610 3WL1220 2000
1380 1340 1310 1270 1240 1210 1170 2090 2040 2000 1940 1890 1830 1790 3WL1225 2500
1380 1380 1380 1380 1340 1300 1260 1770 1770 1770 1770 1720 1670 1620 3WL1220 2000
1720 1720 1720 1720 1670 1620 1580 2210 2210 2210 2210 2160 2090 2030 3WL1225 2500

3WL
Function incoming feeder or outgoing feeder and coupler
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
Installation position top (coupler)
1450 1410 1380 1340 1310 1270 1230 1990 1940 1890 1850 1800 1750 1690 3WL1220 2000
1450 1410 1380 1340 1310 1270 1230 2200 2150 2100 2040 1990 1930 1880 3WL1225 2500
Installation position below (incoming feeder or outgoing feeder)
1450 1450 1450 1450 1410 1370 1330 1860 1860 1860 1860 1810 1760 1710 3WL1220 2000
1810 1810 1810 1810 1760 1710 1660 2330 2330 2330 2330 2270 2200 2140 3WL1225 2500

3WL1220 operated alone:
In = 2000 A, applies for incoming feeder, outgoing feeder and coupling, ventilated and non-ventilated
3WL1225 operated alone:
In = 2500 A, applies for incoming feeder, outgoing feeder and coupling, ventilated

151
3.9.7 Rated Currents for 3 Circuit-breakers/Cubicle with 3WL
No test results are available for 3WL yet; the rated currents were taken over from 3WN
ATTENTION: Consider the rated current of the vertical busbars while projecting the cubicle!

Rated currents In with vertical busbars as a function of ambient temperature
Installation position
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]

3175 3100 3025 2950 2870 2790 2705 4090 3995 3900 3800 3700 3595 3485 below, middle, top
2260 2210 2155 2100 2045 1985 1925 2905 2840 2770 2700 2630 2555 2480 below, middle

3WL
Installation position optional
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
630 630 630 630 630 630 600 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 3WL1106 630
800 800 800 800 800 780 750 800 800 800 800 800 795 765 3WL1108 800
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 3WL1110 1000
1160 1135 1110 1080 1050 1020 990 1250 1250 1250 1250 1215 1180 1145 3WL1112 1250
1160 1135 1110 1080 1050 1020 990 1345 1315 1280 1250 1215 1180 1145 3WL1116 1600
Installation position middle
1185 1155 1130 1100 1070 1040 1010 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 3WL1112 1250
1185 1155 1130 1100 1070 1040 1010 1455 1420 1385 1350 1315 1275 1240 3WN1116 1600
1345 1315 1280 1250 1215 1180 1145 1345 1315 1280 1250 1215 1180 1145 3WL1112 1250
1505 1470 1435 1400 1365 1325 1285 1600 1600 1600 1600 1555 1515 1470 3WL1116 1600

3.9.8 Rated Currents for 1 Circuit-breaker/Cubicle with 3VL
3VL
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
20
[A]
25
[A]
30
[A]
35
[A]
40
[A]
45
[A]
50
[A]
Type Rated
current [A]
560 545 525 510 490 470 450 630 630 610 590 570 545 525 3VL5763 630
690 670 650 630 605 580 555 800 800 780 755 730 700 670 3VL6780 800
1190 1150 1120 1080 1040 1000 955 1220 1180 1140 1100 1060 1020 980 3VL7712 1250
1260 1220 1180 1140 1100 1060 1010 1380 1340 1300 1260 1210 1160 1110 3VL8716 1600

152
3.10 Forms of Internal Separation in a
Low-voltage Switchgear Cabinet (Forms 1-4)
3.10.1 Protection Targets acc. to IEC 60439-1
Protection against contact with live parts in the adjacent functional units. The degree of protection must be at least
IPXXB.
Protection against ingress of foreign bodies from one functional unit of the switchgear and controlgear assembly into
an adjacent one. The degree of protection must be at least IP2X.

3.10.2 Legend

Enclosures
Internal separation/compartmentalisation
Busbars including distribution bars
Functional unit(s) including terminals for the connection of external conductors

3.10.3 Form 1
No Internal separation

153
3.10.4 Form 2
Compartmentalisation between busbars and functional units

3.10.4.1 Form 2a
No compartmentalisation between connections and busbars

3.10.4.2 Form 2b
Compartmentalisation between terminals and busbars

3.10.5 Form 3
Compartmentalisation between busbars and functional units
+ compartmentalisation between functional units
+ compartmentalisation between terminals and functional units

3.10.5.1 Form 3a
No compartmentalisation between terminals and busbars

154
3.10.5.2 Form 3b
Compartmentalisation between terminals and busbars

3.10.6 Form 4
Compartment between busbars and functional units
+ compartmentalisation between functional units
+ compartmentalisation between terminals of functional units

3.10.6.1 Form 4a
Terminals in the same compartment like the connected functional unit

3.10.6.2 Form 4b
Terminals not in the same compartment like the connected functional unit

155
3.11 Electronic Overcurrent Trip Units (ETU) for
3WL Circuit-breakers
Accessories for 3WL circuit-breakers, (ETU = Electronic Trip Unit)

ETU 15B ETU Characteristic LI
Adjustable protection
Without rated current ID module
Functions Overload protection
Instantaneous short-circuit protection

ETU 25B ETU Characteristic LSI
Short-time delayed short-circuit protection

ETU 27B ETU Characteristic LSING
Neutral conductor protection
Earth fault protection

ETU 45B ETU Characteristic LSIN
Earth fault protection (optional)
Zone-selective interlocking ZSI (optional)
4-line LCD (optional)
Communication via PROFIBUS-DP (optional)
Measuring function U, I, P, W, Q, F, cos , harmonics and THD (optional)

ETU 76B ETU Characteristic LSIN, adjustable protection
Earth fault protection (optional)
Zone-selective interlocking ZSI (optional)
LCD graphics display
Communication via PROFIBUS-DP (optional)
Measuring function U, I, P, W, Q, F, cos , harmonics and THD (optional)
Toggling between parameter sets possible
User-defined programming of parameters

156
3.12 Protection against arcing faults by arc fault detection de-
vices and their consideration in SIMARIS project
About 30% of all fires caused by electricity develop owing to fault reasons in electrical installations. Since such fires can
cause tremendous damage, it is reasonable to take protective measures in the electrical installation in those cases where
preventive action is possible.
3.12.1 Arcing faults in final circuits
3.12.1.1 Causes
Arcing faults in final circuits can occur as parallel arcing faults between phase and neutral conductor / earth or as serial
arcing faults in the phase or neutral conductor. Please find possible causes of arcing faults in the information below.

Causes of parallel arcing faults between phase and neutral conductor / earth

Damage by nails and screws

Squeezed cables

Bending radius too small

Causes for serial arcing faults in the phase or neutral conductor

Loose contacts and connections

UV radiation, rodents

Kinked plugs, cables

The high temperature in the arc in conjunction with flammable material may then cause a fire.

157
3.12.1.2 Development of an arc as a result of a faulty point in the cable
Phase Description
Phase 1 Current flows through a damaged cable

Phase 2 Bottle neck in the cable and the insulation
are getting hot

Phase 3 Up to approx. 1,250 C
Hot copper oxidizes to copper oxide, the
insulation is carbonized

Phase 4 Up to approx. 6,000 C
Copper melts and gasifies for a short mo-
ment
(e.g. in the sine peak)
Air gap
Occasional arcing faults across the insu-
lation

Phase 5 Approx. 6.000 C
Stable arcing fault across the carbonized
insulation

158
3.12.2 Closing the protection gap for serial and parallel arcing faults
As a rule, overcurrent protection devices can only be effective if the current flow time at a given amperage is above the
tripping characteristic of the respective overcurrent protection device.
Arc fault detection devices may provide additional protection against serial or parallel arcing faults in cases where minia-
ture circuit-breakers would not trip and fuses would not melt. This means that existing gaps in protection can be closed by
arc fault detection devices (AFDD).

Protection by miniature circuit-breakers
The following diagram shows characteristic tripping curves of miniature circuit-breakers with characteristics B, C and D, as
well as the tripping characteristic of the 5SM6 AFDD. In events of parallel arcing faults, the tripping times of AFDDs pro-
vide complementary and improved protection in some transitional zones. As explained above, only AFDDs protect against
serial arc faults. Miniature circuit-breakers are not suitable in these cases.

Protection by fuses
The following diagram shows the melting characteristic of a fuse in utilisation category gL and the tripping characteristic
of the 5SM6 AFDD. Here it is also demonstrated that the tripping times of AFDDs in case of parallel arcing faults provide
complementary and improved protection in transitional zones. As explained above, only arc fault detection devices can
protect effectively in case of serial arc faults.

159
Fault condition Protection
acc. to IEC standard
Protection
acc. to UL standard
Serial

Parallel
Phase-Neutral/Phase-Phase

Parallel
Phase-Protective Conductor

AFDD Arc fault detection device
MCB Miniature circuit-breaker
RCD Residual current
device (FI, fault interrupter)
AFCI Arc fault circuit interrupter;
combination of MCB/
fire protection switch
MCB Miniature circuit-breaker
RCD Residual current device

In the United States (UL standard, UL1699) such AFCIs have already been a mandatory part of electrical installations for
some years, within the IEC/EN standards it is currently being discussed whether to make such devices compulsory in order
to minimize the possible fire risk caused by electrical installations.
Relevant standards are IEC/EN 62606, IEC 60364-4-42, IEC 60364-5-53.

AFDD AFCI
AFDD MCB AFCI MCB
AFDD RCD AFCI RCD

160
3.12.3 Application areas of AFDDs for final circuits up to 16 A
Arc fault detection devices can be used in areas
where a fire would not be detected immediately, thus causing a hazard for human beings
- residential dwellings
- bedrooms, children's bedrooms
- high-power equipment is operated unattendedly, e.g. washing machine, dish washer run overnight
- old people's homes
- hospitals
where valuable goods or works of art are stored
- libraries
- museums
- galleries
with / made of easily ignitable materials
- wooden structures and panelling, ecological building material, attic conversions
where easily flammable materials are processed
- carpenter's workshops
- bakeries
- cattle sheds, barns
3.12.4 Consideration of AFDDs in project planning with SIMARIS project
In order to integrate fire protection into project planning, AFDDs can be added in several ways when planning distribution
boards in SIMARIS project in the program step 'System planning'
either by adding them to the component list, so that they will be automatically placed in the distribution boards dur-
ing the 'Automatic placement' step
or selected directly in the front view and placed graphically.

161
3.13 Standards in SIMARIS project
3.13.1 Standards for Project Planning in SIMARIS project
Title IEC / EN Local Norm
Medium voltage switchboards
Common destinations for norms of high voltage switch devices IEC / EN 62271-1
DIN VDE 0671-1 (0670-
1000)
Metal-cladded alternating current switch boards for rated volt-
ages beyond 1 kV up to and including 52 kV
IEC / EN 62271-200 DIN VDE 0671-200
High voltage current with nominal alternating voltage beyond 1
kV
IEC / EN 61936-1 DIN VDE 0101
Electrical plants in operation EN 50 110 DIN VDE 0105-100
Instruction for sulphur hexalflouride (SF6) of technical purity
grade for using in electrical manufacturing resources for new SF6
IEC / EN 60376 DIN VDE 0373-1
Protection classes by casing (IP-Code) IEC / EN 60529 DIN VDE 0470-1
Insulation coordination IEC / EN 60071 DIN VDE 0111
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical
equipment against external mechanical impacts
IEC 62262 DIN VDE 0470-100
Medium voltage switching devices and monitoring installa-
tions

High voltage alternating current switch devices IEC / EN 62271-100 DIN VDE 0671-100
High voltage alternating current gate and motor starters with
gates
IEC / EN 60470 DIN VDE 0670-501
High voltage alternating current circuit-breaker and -earthing
switch
IEC / EN 62271-102 DIN VDE 0671-102
High voltage circuit breaker for rated voltages beyond 1 kV and
lower than 52 kV
IEC / EN 62271-105 DIN VDE 62271-105
Protecting combinations of high voltage circuit breaker IEC / EN 62271-105 DIN VDE 0671-105
High voltage fuses current limiting fuses IEC / EN 60282 DIN VDE 0670-4
Alternating current switch devices for voltages of more than 1 kV
- Selection of current limiting fuse insertions for transformer
circuit
IEC / EN 60787 DIN VDE 0670-402
Over-voltage protection IEC / EN 60099 DIN VDE 0675
Transducers current transformers IEC / EN 60044-1 DIN VDE 0414-44-1
Transducers inductive voltage transformers IEC / EN 60044-2 DIN VDE 0414-44-2
Transducers combinded transformers IEC / EN 60044-3 DIN VDE 0414-44-3
Voltage diagnostic systems (VDS) IEC / EN 61243-5 DIN VDE 0682-415

162
Title IEC / EN Local Norm
Transformers
Dry-type transformer IEC / EN 60076-11:2004 DIN VDE 42523
Dry-type transformer IEC / EN 60076-11:2004 NBR 10295/11
Oil transformer IEC / EN 60076/50464 DIN VDE 60076/0532
Low voltage switchgear
Low voltage combinations of switch devices -
Part 2: type-tested combinations
IEC / EN 61439-2
(60439-1)
DIN VDE 0660-600-2
(0660-500)
Establishing of low voltage plants IEC / EN 60364 DIN VDE 0100
Classification of environmental conditions IEC / EN 60721-3-3 DIN EN 60721-3-3
Protection classes by casing (IP-Code) IEC / EN 60529 DIN VDE 0470-1
Electrical plants in operations EN 50 110 DIN VDE 0105
Busbar Trunking Systems
Low voltage combinations of switch devices Part 2: Special
busbar distribution requirements
IEC / EN 60439-2 DIN VDE 0660-502
Low voltage switching devices
Insulating coordination for electrical manufacturing resources in
low voltage plants
IEC / EN 60664 DIN VDE 0110-1
Low voltage switch devices -
Part 1: Common definitions
IEC / EN 60947-1 DIN VDE 0660-100
Low voltage switch devices Part 2: circuit breaker IEC / EN 60947-2 DIN VDE 0660-101
Low voltage switch devices Part 4-1: gate and motor starters
electromechanic gate and motorstarters
IEC / EN 60947-4-1 DIN VDE 0660-102
Low voltage switch devices Part 3: circuit breaker, disconnec-
tors, switch disconnector and switch protecting- units
IEC / EN 60947-3 DIN VDE 0660-107
Low voltage fuses IEC / EN 60269 DIN VDE 0636
Surge protection devices for low voltage -
Part 11: Surge protection devices for using in low voltage plants -
requirements and tests
IEC / EN 61643-11 DIN VDE 0675-6-11
Transducers current transformers IEC / EN 60044-1 DIN VDE 0414-44-1
Charging units
Low voltage electrical installations:
Requirements for special installations or locations Supply of
Electrical Vehicle
EN 60364-7-722 DIN VDE 0100-722
@Siemens: translation missing IEC 62196 DIN IEC 62196
Electric vehicle conductive charging system IEC 61851

163
3.13.2 Explanations for the Standard for Medium-voltage Switchgear
(IEC 62271-200)
Siemens offers the entire product range of air- and gas-insulated switchgear type-tested in accordance
with IEC 62271-200.
Safety, availability, and easy maintenance are important qualifications which can be easily specified using standardized
classifications.
For example, the category of operational availability describes to which extent the switchgear will remain operable
if a compartment is opened for maintenance works.
The type of accessibility of compartments is also classified.
In addition, the standard defines more classifications, such as service life and other characteristics of the switching
devices.
Medium-voltage switchgear is intended for use in rooms which are solely accessible to authorised personnel (locked
electrical operating area). The switchgear installations are IAC-qualified, i.e. the metal encapsulation will protect the
operating personnel in the (very rare) case of an internal arcing fault against its harmful effects. The IAC qualification
describes the accessibility level, the possibilities of how to be installed in the room, as well as the test current and the
testing time.

3.13.2.1 Operational Availability Category
Operational
availability category
When an accessible compartment of
the switchgear is opened
Type of construction
LSC 1 then the busbar and therefore the com-
plete switchgear must be isolated.
No partition plates within the panel, no panel
partitions to the adjacent panels.
LSC 2
LSC 2A only the supply cable must be isolated.
The busbar and the adjacent panels can
remain in operation.
Panel partitions and isolating distance with
compartmentalisation to the busbar.
LSC 2B the supply cable, the busbar and the
adjacent panels can remain in operation.
Panel partitions and isolating distance with
compartmentalisation to the busbar and the
cable.

3.13.2.2 Type of Access to Compartments
Compartment accessi-
bility
Access features
Interlock-controlled Opening for normal operation and
maintenance, e.g. fuse change.
Access is controlled by the construction of the
switchgear, i.e. integrated interlocks prevent
unauthorized opening.
Procedure-dependent
access
Opening for normal operation and
maintenance, e.g. fuse change.
Access control via a suitable procedure (work-
ing instruction of the owner) combined with a
locking device (lock).
Tool-dependent Opening not for normal operation
or maintenance, e.g. cable check.
Access only with opening tool, special access
procedure (instruction of the owner).
Not accessible Opening can destroy the compartment
This generally applies to gas-filled compartments of gas-insulated switchgear. As the
switchgear requires no maintenance and operates independent of climatic conditions, ac-
cess is neither required nor possible.

164
3.13.2.3 Internal Arc Classification IAC
The notation IAC A FLR, I and t is composed of the abbreviations for the following values:
IAC Internal Arc Classification
A Distance between the indicators 300 mm, i.e. installation in rooms with access for author-
ised personnel, locked electrical operating area.
FLR Access from the front (F = Front)
from the sides (L = Lateral)
from behind (R = Rear)
I Test current = rated short-circuit breaking current (in kA)
t Accidental arc duration (in seconds)

Note: Siemens thanks Alperen Gk from Pamukkale University for further optimization of our planning tool.

The information provided in this brochure contains merely general descriptions or char-
acteristics of performance which in actual case of use do not always apply as described
or which may change as a result of further development of the products. An obligation
to provide the respective characteristics shall only exist if expressly agreed in the terms
of contract.
All product names may be trademarks or product names of Siemens AG or supplier com-
panies; use by third parties for their own purposes could constitute a violation of the
owners rights.
Subject to technical changes without prior notice 03/14
Siemens AG 2014 Printed in Germany
Published by and Copyright 2014:
Siemens AG
Wittelsbacherplatz 2
80333 Munich, Germany

Siemens AG
Infrastructure & Cities Sector
Low and Medium Voltage Division
Medium Voltage & Systems
Post office box 3240
91050 Erlangen
Germany

For more information, please contact
our Customer Support Centre.
Tel.: +49 7000 7462747
or: +49 911 895-7222
(charges depend on your provider)
Email: technical-assistance@siemens.com
www.siemens.com/lowvoltage/technical-support

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1

Totally Integrated Power

reactance) of a motor is used in network calculations to determine the imped-

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