Академический Документы
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1. SURVEYING
Surveying for fixing anchor towers location only, including jungle clearing for
this purpose, hire charges of surveying materials like chain, theodolite, dumpy
level, staff, ranging rods, flags, pegs, etc., and fixing size stone, bench marks of
size 150X150X400mm clearly dressed fixing using concrete of 1:2:4 ratio of
fine aggregates sand and cement, of approved specifications, suitably painted
with good quality paint approved by the site Engineer, inc
luding transportation and supervision charges
Jungle clearing for detailed surveying and taking cross sectional levels, readings
to fix up the profile at 20 Mtrs. Intervals, drawing route profile and preparing of
tower schedules using sag templates. The cost includes hire charges for jeep,
all surveying instruments, drawing of profile after calculating reduced levels,
stationery and office equipments etc., complete.
Jungle clearing for stringing of lines suitable for corridors as mentioned below
for different voltage classes. The rates include clearing of jungle, bushes,
cutting of tree upto 15 cms girth as directed etc., complete including disposing
off the materials with initial lead upto 50 Mtrs and all lifts. For 220 KV, 35 Mtr
corridor, for 110 KV 22 Mtr corridor, for 66 KV, 18 Mtr corridor and for 33 KV 15
Mtr corridor is to be taken.
4. EXCAVATION
Earth work for foundation and removing the excavated earth to a distance of
not more than 50 Mtrs and with a lift of 1.5 Mtrs.
i) Normal Dry Soil : Soil removed by means of ordinary pick axe and shovel.
ii) Partially Submerged Soil :Where water rises in the pit upto 0.75 Mtr below
ground level. Ref. IS:5613 (Part II/Sec.2) 1976.
iii) In Fully Submerged Soil : Where sub soil water rises in the pit within 0.75
Mtr below ground level.
iv) Soft rock/wet black cotton soil Latterite soil/B.C. Soil.
v) Dry Fissured Rock. Ordinary rock comprising of lime stone, sand stone, hard
latterite, fissured rock, or other soft or disintegrated rock which may be
quarried or split with crow bars.
vi) Hard Rock with blasting. Requiring extensive blasting and/or quarrying
methods such as chiseling, wedging or using pneumatic breakers etc.,
5. BACK FILLING
a) Back filling with the excavated earth available near the tower/new earth
with initial lead of 50 Mtrs including watering and compacting layer by
layer of 150 mm depth.
b) Supplying and back filling with external earth brought from any barren
area with proper consolidation layer by layer as mentioned above including
all lift and leads.
Labour charges for fabrication of ODS (as per approved drawing) made out of
rolled steel section, equipment mounting structures, inclusive of one coat of
good quality red oxide primer. All steel rolled sections shall be free from any
imperfections, mill scales, slag intrusions, laminations, fillings, rust etc., that
may impair the strength, durability and appearance and all materials shall be of
approved quality. Galvanizing of structure/ Tower members shall conform to IS
4759 – 1968 and spring washers shall be galvanized in accordance with IS 1573
– 1970.
Bolts and nuts shall be of GKW make or similar quality shall be used. All bolts
and nuts and washers shall be galvanized in accordance with ISS:5358 – 1969.
The depth of the bolt shall be such that the thread portion will not be extend
upto the plane of contact of the member. The member connected shall bear
upon the shank of the bolt and not on the threaded portion of the bolt. The
length of the bolt shall extend at least 6 mm beyond the nuts when fully
tightened.
7. CONCRETING AND CURING
8. ERECTION OF TOWERS
Supplying and fixing G.L. angle iron 45X45X5 mm (1 Mtr length) with cleats, bolt
& nuts as per specification and fixing above 0.5 Mtr length each at inner and
outer surface of the tower to facilitate running of barbed wire.
Hoisting and Fixing insulator strings, armour rods, vibration dampers, paving,
jointing terminating, inclusive of labour, T&P like come along, wire ropes, pullys,
rollers, suspension clamps, compression joints, drum stands, manila ropes,
truck, jeep etc.,
12. GROUNDING OF TOWERS
The ODS shall be erected on foundation not less than 14 days after
concreting or till such time concrete acquiring strength, either by build up
method or section method, positioning, leveling, aligning, plumbing of
column/masks shall be done as approved by K.P.T.C.Ltd., site Engineer. No.
cutting of section flanges, webs, cleats shall be done after specification is
approved by the Board.
.
Hoisting, erection, assembling the fuse units at the desired level on the
designated structures, leveling, aligning and checking for smooth operation.
I. Quantity.
The minimum requirement of parametric values of Sodium Bentonite suitable for earthing
purpose are;
1. Density=1.
2. Swell Index by volume≥ 8.
3. Ph value to be between 8 and 10.
4. Resistivity ≤ 10 ohm-meter.
With the above minimum parameters, the requirement of dry Bentonite for a treatment volume
of One cubic meter will be 125Kg.
Note:- The random samples of Bentonite shall be got tested for suitability for earthing at
Research & Development Centro., K.R. Circle, Bangalore before use.
II Application:
a) Preparation of slurry:
To obtain good contact between soil and the electrode, the slurry must be
allowed to swell around the electrode/earthmat conductor. This can be
achieved only when the slurry is poured around the electrode immediately
after the slurry is prepared.
• A cylindrical former may be formed using sheet steel with 338 mm dia for Galvanised
pipe electrode and 426mm dia for Cast iron pipe electrode.
• At the top of cylindrical former two hooks shall be provided at diametrically opposite
ends and a sling attached to these hooks for pulling of the cylindrical former after
treatment.
• The height of cylindrical former may be kept at around 90 cm. If the height is
increased further, there may be difficulty in pulling of the former of the treatment.
ii) Application of Slurry.
• First the cylindrical former is placed around the pipe electrode at the bottom. The
slurry immediately after preparation is to be poured in the annular space between the
pipe electrode and cylindrical former.
• The annular space between cylindrical former and the earth pit shall be back filled with
normal soil up to the height of the cylindrical former.
• Next, the cylindrical former is pulled up after 2 to 3 hrs so that the bottom of the
cylindrical former is at the top of the first filling. The process as above is repeated for
the entire length of the pipe electrode.
• Two parallel sheet steel plates of 300mm height and 3 mtr length shall be formed duly
welding MS Rods of 350 mm length at the top of the plates at 1mtrs spacing to
maintain 350mm distance between the plates.
• Hooks shall be provided to the plates for pulling up the plate former after treatment.
ii)Application of Slurry.
• The MS Flat earthmat conductor shall be raised 150mm above the bottom of the trench
by suitably placing small brick pieces along the length of the MS Flat.
• The plate former shall be placed in the trench along the MS Flat so that the plates are
equidistant from the MS Flat.
• The slurry shall be poured immediately after preparation into the plate former (There
may be need to block the ends of the plate former to retain the slurry)
• The space between plates and trench will shall be back filled with normal soil up to the
height of the plates
• The plate former and end blocks may be removed by pulling up after 2 to 3 hrs. former
placed for the next length. The process is to be continued for the entire length of the
MS Flat.
1.1 Earthmat shall be laid for entire area as per earthmat drawing
even though only one transformer is installed in the first phase.
1.2 While installing the earthmat, the Rows and Columns shall be
interleaved like a woven mat to obtain better mechanical
strength and electrical continuity.
1.3 MS Flat of the designed cross section shall be laid at the designed depth
and spacing duly straightening and removing any bends.
1.4 As the standard lengths of flats available in the market is around 6 Mtr.
in length, for continuous running of earthmat, straight joints are
required. When such straight joints are made, a minimum overlap equal
to the width of the flat shall be maintained.
1.5 The overlap portion shall be welded on all four sides by continuous
welding. To facilitate welding on all four sides, welding work shall be
done on the natural ground surface and then laid in the trench.
1.7 After laying the flats in the trench and interleaving all the perpendicular
crossings of flats shall be welded and applied a thick coat of ACB paint
as above.
The ACB paint shall be applied only to the welded portion.
1.8 Projects of flat at the periphery of the earthmat should be avoided and
the overlap shall be in flush with the edge of the peripheral flat of
earthmat. At these joints the welding shall be continuous on all the
three sides.
Note: The efficiency of the earthing system is entirely dependent on the
electrical continuity of the earthmat which in turn depends on proper
welding work. Hence utmost care shall be taken while welding, duly
avoiding butt joints & mere spot welds.
1.9 The peripheral MS round rod of 25 mm dia shall be driven into the
ground at locations shown in the earthmat drawing. Before driving
these rods, the top 50mm portion of the rod shall be flattened and bent
& then welded properly to the MS Flat of earthmat firmly. The other end
of the rod shall be sharpened for easy driving.
1.11 When the substation yard is terraced i.e., at different levels, it shall be
ensured that the earthmat is continuous and interconnection of
earthmat is made firmly between different levels.
1.12 The transformer plinth, Control room and outdoor switch gear
shall be surrounded by MS Flat of designed cross section at the
designed depth and the earthmat conductor shall be terminated
at the surrounding MS Flat by welding.
1.13 The earthmat shall be run below the concrete cable duct
wherever the mat encounters cable duct path.
The control panel body & earth points shall be connected to the
control panel earth bus.
5.1 Fence earthing shall be isolated from the main earthing of the
substation.
5.2 The substation fence and fence earthing shall be provided at a
distance of minimum 1.5 Mtr. away from the edge of the substation
earthmat along the periphery.
5.4 The CI pipe electrodes shall be provided at corners and mid points
of the fence if the perimeter is more than 200 Mtr. otherwise, CI
pipe electrodes may be provided only at the corners or midpoints.
5.5 The fence earth and station earthmat shall not have any electrical
tie and should be physically separate.
7.2 The location of Cast Iron Pipe electrodes shall be planned earlier
keeping in view the following:
a) The CI pipe electrode for lightning arrester and power
Transformer neutral shall be as near as practicable to the
respective equipment.
The pipe shall be buried, such that, only 150mm length of the CI
pipe is above the ground level.
The annular space shall be filled with Sodium bentonite slurry till
the entire bore length of 50Mtrs. is covered. The slurry level sinks
after few hours. This is again to be filled with slurry and the
process continued until the entire length is filled with bentonite
and no further sinking takes place.
10.0 SAFETY
10.01 Metal piping should not be used for water supply within the
substation yard.
24. PAINTING
Installing and assembling, filling of acid and wiring, test charging and
discharging.
Supplying and spreading of 100 mm thick with 20/25 mm jelly with all
lead
and lifts.
The design mfg. Installation, testing and performance shall comply with
the following standards.
IS : 1653 : Rigid steel conduit for electrical wiring.
IS : 3450 : Flexible steel conduit for electrical wiring.
IS : 2667 : Accessories for rigid steel conduit electrical wiring.
IS : 1239 : Mild steel tube
IS : 458 : Space for concrete pipe.
IS : 5216, 8309, 573, 2633.
Each cable and conduit run should be tagged with numbers that appear in
the cable and the conduit schedule. Tag shall be of aluminium with
numbers punched on it and securely attached to the cable conduit by not
less than two runs of 20 SWG. G.I. wire conforming to IS : 280. Cable tags
shall be of rectangular shape for power cables and circular shape for
control cables Location of cables laid directly under ground cable joints
shall be indicated with cable marker made of galvanized iron plates.
Underground cable joints shall be indicated with cable markers with an
additional inscription “Cable Joints”. The marker shall project 150 mm
above ground level and be spaced at intervals of 30 Mtrs and at every
change in direction located on both sides of the road and drain crossings.
a) Excavation
b) Burnt brick/size stone/RCC revetment including form box back filling
besides, removing the excess excavated soil, duct covering with RCC slabs.
c) Laying cables trays including welding, fixing of supports etc.,
Formation of Faraday cage using 7/10 SWG or 7/9 SWG wire including fixing of
hardware at tension points and grounding the cage using the same size of wire
as for the cage.