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  • Mole Calculations and Polymerization Reactions

    Загружено:

    _patmurray
    48 просмотров8 страниц
    This document contains information on a wide range of chemistry topics including: 1) Polymerization reactions like the production of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene from ethylene, vinyl chloride, and styrene monomers. 2) Acid-base chemistry including pH, acid rain formation from SO2 emissions, and natural acid-base buffer systems like H2CO3/HCO3-. 3) Industrial processes like the Contact process for sulfuric acid production, the Haber process for ammonia synthesis, and the Solvay process for sodium carbonate production. 4) Environmental chemistry topics such as catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions, ozone layer formation and destruction

    Исходное описание:

    All Equations required for HSC Chemistry

    Оригинальное название

    Equations Chem HSC

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    This document contains information on a wide range of chemistry topics including: 1) Polymerization reactions like the production of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene from ethylene, vinyl chloride, and styrene monomers. 2) Acid-base chemistry including pH, acid rain formation from SO2 emissions, and natural acid-base buffer systems like H2CO3/HCO3-. 3) Industrial processes like the Contact process for sulfuric acid production, the Haber process for ammonia synthesis, and the Solvay process for sodium carbonate production. 4) Environmental chemistry topics such as catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions, ozone layer formation and destruction

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате DOCX, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    48 просмотров8 страниц

    Mole Calculations and Polymerization Reactions

    Загружено:

    _patmurray
    This document contains information on a wide range of chemistry topics including: 1) Polymerization reactions like the production of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene from ethylene, vinyl chloride, and styrene monomers. 2) Acid-base chemistry including pH, acid rain formation from SO2 emissions, and natural acid-base buffer systems like H2CO3/HCO3-. 3) Industrial processes like the Contact process for sulfuric acid production, the Haber process for ammonia synthesis, and the Solvay process for sodium carbonate production. 4) Environmental chemistry topics such as catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions, ozone layer formation and destruction

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате DOCX, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 8

    GENERAL

    mole calculations




    PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS
    thermal cracking

    catalytic cracking

    bromine water
    test:
    cyclohexene


    cyclohexane


    Polymersation:
    ethylene
    LDPE
    initiation


    propagation



    termination
    (disproportionation)



    backbiting






    HDPE


    vinyl chloride
    PVC


    styrene PS









    condensation
    polymerisation of:
    3-hydroxybutanoic
    acid PHB;

    glucose


    acid hydrolysis of
    cellulose
    (breaking -1,4-
    glycosidic bonds)

    hydrogenation of
    ethylene

    fermentation

    complete
    combustion of
    ethanol

    incomplete
    combustion

    heat energy
    tranfer



    addition of water
    and ethylene

    dehydration of
    ethanol

    Leclanch cell:
    anode

    cathode


    Button cell:
    anode

    cathode


    producing
    transuranic
    elements

    medical isotope:
    Tc-99m


    industrial isotope:
    Na-24

    Recently
    discovered
    element:
    Ununoctium






    THE ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT
    pH

    determining
    whether acid or
    base

    natural acidity of
    rain


    releasing SO
    2


    smelting of
    sulfide ores













    bacterial
    fermentation




    S-compounds
    producing SO
    2



    form sulfurous
    acid

    form sulfuric acid



    OR



    N
    2
    and O
    2
    form
    nitric oxide with
    high temps

    form nitrogen
    dioxide

    form nitricacid
    and nitrous acid

    nitrous acid forms
    nitric acid

    natural buffer
    system:
    H
    2
    CO
    3
    /H
    2
    CO
    3
    -

    -use LCP when
    add acid/base
    1


    photosynthesis
    (endergonic
    reaction)

    Esterification
    (forming an ester)
    general


    making ethyl
    butyrate


    CHEMICAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT
    nitrogen oxides
    (in traffic from
    car engines)




    ozone from
    photochemical
    smog in
    troposphere


    catalytic
    converters in cars
    reduce harmful
    emissions

    Haber process

    sources of H
    2


    removing CO and
    CO
    2



    1
    - if acid added,
    - if base added
    - in both cases, the equilibrium shifts to neutralise the added acid/base


    Formation of
    ozone


    Destruction of
    ozone


    increased temp at
    stratosphere

    CFCs in
    stratosphere

    Chlorine atom in
    CFCs make for
    catalyst in
    destruction of
    stratospheric
    ozone
    catalytic
    destruction of O
    3

    by high-altitude
    supersonic aircraft


    INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
    fertiliser
    production




    superphosphate

    SBR production

    Contact process
    obtaining SO
    2

    (1)
    smelting
    (see AE)
    (2)


    catalytic oxidation
    of SO
    2


    absorption of SO
    3



    conversion of
    oleum to H
    2
    SO
    4






    safety
    diluting H
    2
    SO
    4

    ionisation
    exothermic



    S compounds
    produce H
    2
    S

    dehyrating agent




    secondary process:
    why dangerous, not
    dehydration


    oxidising agent

    electrolysis of
    NaCl
    -molten
    anode

    cathode

    overall

    -concentrated
    anode

    cathode


    overall

    -dilute
    anode

    cathode


    overall










    Mercury cell
    anode

    cathode


    overall



    Diaphragm cell
    anode

    cathode


    overall




    Membrane cell
    anode

    cathode

    overall



    Downs cell
    anode

    cathode



    Saponification
    (making soap)

    general







    glycerol trilaurate
    + NaOH
    glycerol + sodium
    laurate


    glycerol
    tristearate +
    NaOH glycerol
    + sodium stearate

    soap in hardwater
    forming scum
    (insoluble)

    Solvay Process
    overall




    brine purification




    CO
    2
    formation


    ammonia
    recovery




    carbonic acid
    formation

    ammonia
    saturation













    net HCO
    3
    -

    formation

    decomposition of
    NaHCO
    3

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