9.

Glossary of Symbols and Abbreviations

a selectivity
A Angstrom unit (lo-” meter)
AIST Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
AN acrylonitrile
atm atmosphere

B separation factor
bbl barrel
Btu British thermal unit

C concentration
“C degrees Celsius
cf cubic foot
cm centimeter

d day
DARPA Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency
DDS De Danske Sukkerfabriker
DEA diethylamine
DOD Department of Defense
DOE Department of Energy
DuPont E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.)

ED electrodialysis
EDC ethylene dichloride
EDTA ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
EEC European Economic Community
ELM emulsion liquid membranes
EOR enhanced oil recovery
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPO, equivalent pure oxygen
EtOH ethanol
ETP Emerging Technologies Program

“F degrees Fahrenheit

g gram
6G Gibbs free energy change
gal gallon
GE General Electric Corp.

h hour
dH enthalpy change
H/C hydrogen-to-carbon ratio
HDS hydrodesulfurization
HF hollow fiber membranes
HFPC Hexafluorinated bisphenol-A polycarbonate
HFTMPC Hexafluorinated tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate

449
450 Membrane Separation Systems

ILM immobilized liquid membrane

in inch
IX ion exchange

J Joule

‘K degrees Kelvin

L liter
lb pound
LIX liquid ion-exchange

meter
ZE multiple effect evaporation/distillation
METC Morgantown Energy Technology Center
MF microfiltration
MGD million gallons per day
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MIT1 Ministry of International Trade and Industry
MSF multi-stage flash distillation
MTBE methyl tertiary-butyl ether
MTR Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.

NAMS North American Membrane Society

NASA National Aeronautical and Space Administration
NED0 New Energy Development Organization
NISI- National Institute of Standards and Technology
NSF National Science Foundation

OEM original equipment manufacturer

OER Office of Energy Research
OFE Office of Fossil Energy
OPA Office of Program Analysis
osw Office of Saline Water

P osmotic pressure
P pressure
P permeability
Pa Pascal
PC bisphenol-A polycarbonate
PC1 Patterson Candy International
PETC Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center
PF plate and frame membrane modules
ppm parts per million
PPO polyphenylene oxide
PSA pressure swing adsorption
psi pounds per square inch
psig pounds per square inch gauge
PTMSP polytrimethyi-silylpropyne
PVA polyvinyl alcohol
 Glossary of Symbols and Abbreviations 451

60 enthalpy change
quad 10” Btu

R salt rejection
R&D research and development
RO reverse osmosis

s second
AS entropy change
SARA Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act
SBIR Small Business Innovative Research Program
scf standard cubic foot
scfd standard cubic feet per day
scfm standard cubic feet per minute
SD1 silt density index
SITE Superfund Innovative Technologies Evaluation program
STP Standard temperature and pressure
SW spiral wound membrane modules

T temperature
TDS total dissolved solids
TMPC tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate
TOC total organic carbon
-l-PA tissue plasminogen activator
tpd tons per day

UF ultrafiltration
UOP Union Oil Products

vc vapor compression
VOC volatile organic chemicals
VSA vacuum swing adsorption
VW Volkswagen, Inc.

wow0
SW, AW net work
WRPC Water Re-use Promotion Center
wt weight

year

PREFIXES

k kilo ( 10s)
m milli (10-s)
MM Mega (10’)
I, micro (lo-*)
n nano ( 1OmQ)