Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2
Ohm’s Law
I=V/R
V = Voltage (Volts)
R = Resistance (ohms)
4
How you should
be thinking about
electric circuits:
5
How you should
be thinking about
electric circuits:
7
Would This Work?
8
Would This Work?
9
The Central Concept: Closed
Circuit
10
circuit diagram
Scientists usually draw electric circuits using symbols;
11
Simple Circuits
• Series circuit
– All in a row
• 1 path for electricity
– 1 light goes out and
the circuit is broken
• Parallel circuit
– Many paths for electricity
– 1 light goes out and the
others stay on
12
1
13
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
• Place two bulbs in parallel. What do you
notice about the brightness of the bulbs?
• Add a third light bulb in the circuit. What
do you notice about the brightness of the
bulbs?
• Remove the middle bulb from the circuit.
What happened?
14
measuring current
15
measuring current
This is how we draw an ammeter in a circuit.
A A
16
measuring voltage
The ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the current
is called the voltage. It is measured in volts (V) on a
voltmeter
17
measuring voltage
This is how we draw a voltmeter in a circuit.
V
V
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT
18
OHM’s LAW
• Measure the current and voltage across each circuit.
• Use Ohm’s Law to compute resistance
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit
19
measuring current
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
2A 2A
• current is shared
between the 1A
components
1A
20
fill in the missing ammeter readings.
4A
? 3A
? 3A
1A
?
4A
?
4A 1A
1A
?
21
The circuit is no longer complete, therefore current can not flow
23
Series and Parallel Circuits
• Series Circuits
– only one end of each component is connected
– e.g. Christmas tree lights
• Parallel Circuits
– both ends of a component are connected
– e.g. household lighting
24
copy the following circuits and fill in the
missing ammeter readings.
4A
? 3A
? 3A
1A
?
4A
?
4A 1A
1A
?
25
measuring voltage
Different cells produce different voltages. The
bigger the voltage supplied by the cell, the bigger the
current.
26
measuring voltage
V V
V
27
series circuit
• voltage is shared between the components
3V
1.5V 1.5V
28
parallel circuit
• voltage is the same in all parts of the circuit.
3V
3V
3V
29
measuring current & voltage
30
measuring current & voltage
a)
6V
4A A
V V
31
measuring current & voltage
b)
6V
4A A
V
32
answers
a) b)
6V
6V 4A 4A
6V
4A 4A
3V 3V 2A
4A
6V
2A
33
Voltage, Current, and Power
• One Volt is a Joule per Coulomb (J/C)
• One Amp of current is one Coulomb per
second (6.24 x10^18 electrons/second).
• If I have one volt (J/C) and one amp (C/s),
then multiplying gives Joules per second
(J/s)
– this is power: J/s = Watts
• So the formula for electrical power is just:
P = VI: power = voltage × current
34