1. Part = Percent x whole; What is 12% of 25 ?

(12/100) x 25 = 3; 45 is what
percent of 9 ? -> 45 = (P/100) x 9 -> P = 500% -> Don’t forget the 100. 15 is 3/5
of what no. -> 15 = (3/500)x -> x = 2500
2. Percent increase/decrease = (amount of increase or decrease / original whole) x
100. Remember to use the original whole and not the new whole
3. easy
4. How to recognize multiples of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12
• 2 – last digit is even
• 3 – sum of digits is a multiple of 3
• 4 – Last two digits are a multiple of 4
• 5 – Last digit is a 5 or 0
• 6 – sum of digits is a multiple of 3 and last digit is even
• 7 – double the last number and subtract it from the remaining numbers
(Example 826 – 6 x 2 = 12; 82 – 12 =70 is divisible. So 826 is divisible)
• 8 – if the last 3 digits are a multiple of 8
• 9 – sum of digits is a multiple of 9
• 12 – Sum of digits is a multiple of 3 and last two digits are a multiple by 4.
5. How to find a common factor -
6. How to find a common multiple – LCM – take individual LCM of each number.
Multiply all the common factors and the individual factors.
7. How to use avg. to find the sum = avg x no. of terms
8. easy
9. Avg. of consecutive numbers – Example: Find average of no.s from 13 and to
77. Answer is 13 + 77 / 2 = 45
10. How many integers are there from 73 thru 419 – Answer is 419 – 73 + 1 = 347
11. Sum of consecutive numbers : Sum = Avg x No. of terms (Use above two)
12. median – arrange the numbers in ascending and take the center number or the avg
of the two center numbers.
13. Mode – is the number that appears most often
14. Range is the difference between the highest and the lowest value.
15. Ratio always setup as ¾ = 30/x or 3x + 4x = total
16. easy
17. What was his rate in words per minute? Word before per goes on top and the unit
after per goes on the bottom. i.e. words/minute
18. easy
19. easy
20. Probability = no. of favorable outcomes/ total no. of outcomes
21. Similar triangles mean corresponding angles and sides are in proportion.
22. Special Triangles : 3-4-5, 5-12-13, 45-45-90 (x:x:root2), 30-60-90 (x:xroot3:2x)
23. Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 ( l + b)
24. Area of a rectangle = l x b
25. Area of a square = L^2
26. Area of a parallelogram = base x height
27. Area of trapezoid = Area of rectangle + Area of triangle; Area of a trapezoid = ½
x (b1 + b2) x h
28. Circumference of a circle = 2 Pi R
 29. Area of a circle = Pi R^2
30. Distance between points on a coordinate plane (2, 3) to (-7,3) = 2 – (-7) = 9.
what is the distance between (2,3) to (-1,-1). Setup a graph and make a right
triangle and use Pythagorean theorem – It is a 3-4-5 triangle and answer is 5.
31. Slope of a line = change in Y / change in X. What is the slope of the line that
contains (1,2) and (4,-5) ? 2 – (-5) / 1-4 = -7/3
32. For percent problem always use 100 as a plugin to see how much percent
increased/decreased
33. After decreasing by 5%, population is 57. What is the original population = Part =
Percent x whole = 57 = .95 x whole; PLEASE check this in KAPLAN.
34. SI = P N R / 100 where R is in decimal and N is in years.
35. Compound Interest = Principal x (1 + (interest_rate/c) ) ^ (time x c) where C = no.
of times compounded annually
36. easy
37. easy
38. easy
39. easy
40. Number added = new sum – orig sum; Number deleted = orig sum – new sum
41. Avg. Speed = total distance/total time; Avg. words/page = total words/tot pages
42. 1/x + 1/y = 1/t
43. To determine combined ratio - multiply both of them. A:B=2:3 and B:C=2:4. So
A:C=4:12
44. Mixture problem – Weaker/Stronger or Cheaper/Expensive. Formula is percent or
price difference between weaker solution and desired solution x amount of
weaker solution = percent or price difference between stronger solution and
desired solution x amount of stronger solution. Example: How many liters of
solution that is 10% alcohol by volume must be added to 2 liters of a solution that
is 50% alcohol by volume to create a solution that is 15% by volume? Answer is
n(15 – 10) = 2(50 – 15); n = 14. To remember easily -> No. of litres x (weaker –
expected = No. of liters x (stronger – expected)
45. Total = group1 + group2 + neither - Both
Problem involving groups with either / or like doctors/dentists, male/female, blue
collar/white collar etc. form a table and find the answer. For example, table will be
Doctors Dentists Total
Male ? 27 82
Female 9 48
Total 94 ? = 36 130

46. above
47. 0! = 1! = 1
48. How many different ways to arrange 7 items in a shelf = 7! ways
49. If you want to draw smaller group out of a larger group where order matters p(n,r)
= n! / (n-r)!; Where order doesn’t matter, then n!/ r! (n-r)!
50. Multiple event probability problem: where individual events must occur a
certain way – figure out the probability of each individual event and multiply the
individual probabilities. Example: if 2 students are chosen at random from a class
 with 5 girls and 5 boys, what is the probability that both students chosen will be
girls? -> 5/10 x 4/9 = 2/9
51. Where individual events can have different outcomes: favorable
outcomes/total no. of outcomes. If a fair coin is tossed 4 times, what is the
probability that 3 out of 4 tosses will come up heads. OK, so total no. of
possibilities = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16. Favorable possibilities = T, H, H, H; H, T, H, H;
H, H, T, H, H, H, H, T; H, H, H, H. So answer is 5/16
52. Standard Deviation: a. Find the average b. subtract each number from average c.
square each of them d. find the average e. take sq.root. Greater the spread between
numbers, higher the standard deviation.
53. pow(x, a) x pow(x,b) = pow(x, a+b)
54. any number raised to the power 0 = 1, contrary is 0 i.e 0 power anything = 0
55. cube root of x is just the number that multiplied by itself 3 times, gives you x. For
example cube root of -125 = -5 because -5 x -5 x -5 = -125
56. a
57. a
58. a
59. Simplifying a sq. root = sq.root 48 = sq.root 16 x sq.root 3 = 4 sq.root3
60. x^2 – 5x + 6 = (x-3)(x-2)
61.
62. Sequence Problem:
63. Minimum value of function f(x) = x^2 – 1; plug in for f(x) and find the min value
64. Which equation the parabola is describing ? -> plug the values from the graph into
the answer choices
65. Linear equation is expressed in the form -> y = mx + b where m = slope of the
line = rise/run. For instance a slope of 3 means that the line rises 3 steps for every
1 step it makes to the right. A positive slope slopes up from left to right and a
negative slope slopes down from left to right. A slope of 0 (y = 5) is a flat line. B
is the y-intercept where the line passes the y-axis.

66. Sum of interior angles of a polygon with n sides = (n-2) x 180; Degree
measure of one angle in a regular polygon with n sides = (n-2) 180 / n. So for
pentagon n = 5
67. Max and min lengths of a 3 side of a triangle. Example, triangle sides are 7
and 3. Then the third side is greater than 4 and less than 10.
68. Length of an arc = (n / 360) x 2 Pi R
69. Area of a sector = (n / 360) x Pi R^2
70. easy
71. Vol. of a rectangular solid = l x b x h
72. Surface area of a Rectangular solid = 2( lengthxwidth + lengthxht + htxwidth)
73. To find the diagonal of a rectangular solid -> use Pythagorean theorem twice
unless you spot a special triangle
74. A square circumscribed inside the circle will form two 45-45-90 triangles
75. Vol of a cyl = Pi R^2 H
76. Vol. of a sphere = 4/3 Pi R^3
77. Odd numbers will have just odd factors. 135 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 5; 100 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 5
78. Substitute number in answer choices to all the equations to find the correct
answer.
79. For a solid cube, treat it like several squares
80. 4^50 is what ? Remember 4 raised to even number ends with a 6 and 4 raised to
odd number ends with 4.
81. Others are easy. So left out.