Experiment 1

Inference : Inertia depends on mass

Hypothesis : The heavier the mass, the longer the period of oscillations

Aim : To study the relationship between the mass and the period of oscillations

Manipulated
variable
: Mass of slotted weight. m

Responding variable : Period of oscillations, T

Fixed variable : length of hacksaw blade

Apparatus and
materials
: Slotted weights , hacksaw blade, G-clamp, and stop watch


Arrangement of the
apparatus




Procedure 1. Attach plasticine with a mass of 30 g at the end of hacksaw blade.
2. Displace the jigsaw blade horizontally to one side and then release so
that it oscillates.
3. Record the time taken for 10 oscillations, t by a stopwatch.
1. Calculate the period of oscillation, T= t/10
2. Repeat the experiments for different masses, m = 40.0 g, 50.0 g, 60.0 g
and 70.0 g.

Tabulation of data Analysis of data


m/g
t/s
T/s
30 9.0 0.9
40 16.0 1.6
50 25.0 2.5
60 36.0 3.6
70 49.0 4.9



Discussion
Based on the graph of R against l, the graph is a curve graph. As the mass of load increases, the period of
oscillation of the hacksaw blade increases





Experiment 2

Inference : Extension depends on mass of load

Hypothesis : The heavier the mass, the longer the extension

Aim : To study the relationship between the mass slotted weight and the extension

Manipulated
variable
: Mass of slotted weight. m

Responding variable : extension, x

Fixed variable : diameter of spring

Apparatus and
materials
: Slotted weights , spring and meter ruler


Arrangement of the
apparatus



Procedure

1. Measure the initial length of the spring, l0
2. Place a slotted weight of mass 100 g on top of the spring.
3. Measure the length of the spring, l. Calculate the extension of the spring,
x = l - l0
4. Repeat the experiments for different masses, m = 200 g, 300 g, 400 g and
500 g.


Tabulation of data Analysis of data

Initial length, l0 = 20.0

m/g l/cm x/cm
100 22.0 2.0
200 24.0 4.0
300 26.0 6.0
400 28.0 8.0
500 30.0 10.0

Discussion
Based on the graph of x against m, the graph is a straight line graph. It means as the mass of load
increases, the extension of the spring increases. Hence, the extension of the spring is directly
proportional to the mass of load.



Experiment 3

Inference : Resistance depend on the length of wire

Hypothesis : As the length of wire increases, the resistance increases

Aim : To study the relationship between the resistance and the length of wire

Manipulated
variable
: The length of wire, l
Responding variable : Resistance, R
Fixed variable : The diameter of wire

Apparatus and
materials
: Constantan wire, dry cells, ammeter, meter rule, jockey and voltmeter


Arrangement of the
apparatus



Procedure 1. Connect a constantan wire of length, L = 10.0 cm across terminal X and Y
2. Close the switch and adjust the rheostat so that the current flow, I = 0.5 A.
3. Record the voltmeter reading, V. Calculate resistance, R = V/I
4. Repeat the experiment for different lengths, l = 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm
and 50.0 cm

Tabulation of data

The
length
of wire,
l/cm
The
electric
current,
I/A
The
voltage,
V/V
R/
10.0 0.5 1.0 2.0
20.0 0.5 2.0 4.0
30.0 0.5 3.0 6.0
40.0 0.5 4.0 8.0
60.0 0.5 5.0 10.0



Discussion
Based on the graph of R against l, the graph is a straight line graph. It means as the length of wire
increases, the resistance increases. Hence, the resistance of wire is directly proportional to its length.






Analysis data