Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals.

Given their
diversity of functions performed in different parts of the nervous system, there is, as expected, a
wide variety in their shape, size, and electrochemical properties. For instance, the soma of a neuron
can vary from 4 to 100 micrometers in diameter.
[3]

The soma is the body of the neuron. As it contains the nucleus, most protein synthesis occurs
here. The nucleus can range from 3 to 18 micrometers in diameter.
[4]

The dendrites of a neuron are cellular extensions with many branches. This overall shape and
structure is referred to metaphorically as a dendritic tree. This is where the majority of input to
the neuron occurs via the dendritic spine.
The axon is a finer, cable-like projection that can extend tens, hundreds, or even tens of
thousands of times the diameter of the soma in length. The axon carries nerve signalsaway from
the soma (and also carries some types of information back to it). Many neurons have only one
axon, but this axon mayand usually willundergo extensive branching, enabling
communication with many target cells. The part of the axon where it emerges from the soma is
called the axon hillock. Besides being an anatomical structure, the axon hillock is also the part of
the neuron that has the greatest density of voltage-dependent sodium channels. This makes it
the most easily excited part of the neuron and the spike initiation zone for the axon: in
electrophysiological terms it has the most negative action potential threshold. While the axon
and axon hillock are generally involved in information outflow, this region can also receive input
from other neurons.
The axon terminal contains synapses, specialized structures where neurotransmitter chemicals
are released to communicate with target neurons.










V. Applications
There are various business applications of artificial neural network. Every sector in this world want a system which
is itself intelligent to solve any problem according to the inputs. In this paper we have discussed various Business
Applications which are listed below:- [4,6,7]
1) Airline Security Control.
2) Investment Management and Risk Control.
3) Prediction of Thrift Failures.
4) Prediction of Stock Price Index.
5) OCR Systems.
6) Industrial Process Control.
7) Data Validation.
8) Risk Management.
9) Target Marketing.
10) Sales Forecasting.
11) Customer Research.

The above applications have ability to predict any type of problem by its own with the help Artificial Neural
Network phenomenon with the help of various algorithms like Perception Learning Algorithm, Back Propagation
Algorithm, SOM Learning Algorithm and ART1 Learning Algorithm . [4,6,7]





Applications
- Pattern Classification
- Clustering/Categorization
- Function approximation
- Prediction/Forecasting
- Optimization
- Content-addressable Memory
- Control
























































































































VI. Limitations of Artificial Neural Network

In this technological era every has Merits and some Demerits in others words there is a Limitation with every system
which makes this ANN technology weak in some points. The various Limitations of ANN are:- [6]
1) ANN is not a daily life general purpose problem solver.
2) There is no structured methodology available in ANN.
3) There is no single standardized paradigm for ANN development.
4) The Output Quality of an ANN may be unpredictable.
5) Many ANN Systems does not describe how they solve problems.
6) Black box Nature
7) Greater computational burden.
8) Proneness to over fitting.
9) Empirical nature of model development.








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