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W-CDMA (UMTS)

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(Redirected from WCDMA)

It has been suggested that this article be merged into Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2014.
W-CDMA or WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), along with UMTS-FDD, UTRA-
FDD, or IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread is an air interface standard found in 3G mobile
telecommunications networks. It supports conventional cellular voice, text and MMS services, but
can also carry data at high speeds, allowing mobile operators to deliver higher bandwidth
applications including streaming and broadband Internet access.
[1]

W-CDMA is the basis of Japan's NTT DoCoMo's FOMA service and the most-commonly used
member of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family and sometimes used
as a synonym for UMTS.
[2]
It uses the DS-CDMA channel access method and the FDD duplexing
method to achieve higher speeds and support more users compared to most previously used time
division multiple access (TDMA) and time division duplex (TDD) schemes.
While not an evolutionary upgrade on the airside, it uses the same core network as
the 2G GSM networks deployed worldwide, allowing dual mode mobile operation along with
GSM/EDGE; a feature it shares with other members of the UMTS family.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
o 1.1 Rationale for W-CDMA
2 Deployment
3 See also
4 References
o 4.1 Documentation
Development[edit]
In the late 1990s, W-CDMA was developed by NTT DoCoMo as the air interface for their 3G
network FOMA. Later NTT DoCoMo submitted the specification to the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a candidate for the international 3G standard known as IMT-
2000. The ITU eventually accepted W-CDMA as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards, as an
alternative to CDMA2000, EDGE, and the short range DECT system. Later, W-CDMA was selected
as an air interface for UMTS.
As NTT DoCoMo did not wait for the finalisation of the 3G Release 99 specification, their network
was initially incompatible with UMTS.
[3]
However, this has been resolved by NTT DoCoMo updating
their network.
Code Division Multiple Access communication networks have been developed by a number of
companies over the years, but development of cell-phone networks based on CDMA (prior to W-
CDMA) was dominated by Qualcomm. Qualcomm was the first company to succeed in developing a
practical and cost-effective CDMA implementation for consumer cell phones and its early IS-95 air
interface standard has evolved into the current CDMA2000 (IS-856/IS-2000) standard. Qualcomm
created an experimental wideband CDMA system called CDMA2000 3x which unified the W-CDMA
(3GPP) and CDMA2000 (3GPP2) network technologies into a single design for a worldwide
standard air interface. Compatibility with CDMA2000 would have beneficially enabled roaming on
existing networks beyond Japan, since Qualcomm CDMA2000 networks are widely deployed,
especially in the Americas, with coverage in 58 countries as of 2006. However, divergent
requirements resulted in the W-CDMA standard being retained and deployed globally. W-CDMA has
then become the dominant technology with 457 commercial networks in 178 countries as of April
2012.
[4]
Several cdma2000 operators have even converted their networks to W-CDMA for
international roaming compatibility and smooth upgrade path to LTE.
Despite incompatibility with existing air-interface standards, late introduction and the high upgrade
cost of deploying an all-new transmitter technology, W-CDMA has become the dominant standard.
Rationale for W-CDMA[edit]
W-CDMA transmits on a pair of 5 MHz-wide radio channels, while CDMA2000 transmits on one or
several pairs of 1.25 MHz radio channels. Though W-CDMA does use a direct sequence CDMA
transmission technique like CDMA2000, W-CDMA is not simply a wideband version of CDMA2000.
The W-CDMA system is a new design by NTT DoCoMo, and it differs in many aspects from
CDMA2000. From an engineering point of view, W-CDMA provides a different balance of trade-offs
between cost, capacity, performance, and density
[citation needed]
; it also promises to achieve a benefit of
reduced cost for video phone handsets. W-CDMA may also be better suited for deployment in the
very dense cities of Europe and Asia. However, hurdles remain, and cross-
licensing of patents between Qualcomm and W-CDMA vendors has not eliminated possible patent
issues due to the features of W-CDMA which remain covered by Qualcomm patents.
[5]

W-CDMA has been developed into a complete set of specifications, a detailed protocol that defines
how a mobile phone communicates with the tower, how signals are modulated, how datagrams are
structured, and system interfaces are specified allowing free competition on technology elements.
Deployment[edit]
The world's first commercial W-CDMA service, FOMA, was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in
2001.
Elsewhere, W-CDMA deployments are usually marketed under the UMTS brand. See the
main UMTS article for more information.
W-CDMA has also been adapted for use in satellite communications on the U.S. Mobile User
Objective System using geosynchronous satellites in place of cell towers.
See also[edit]
CDMA
Cellular Frequencies
DECT
Evolution-Data Optimized/CDMA2000
FOMA
GSM/EDGE
HSDPA
PN sequences
Spectral efficiency comparison table
UMTS
UMTS frequency bands
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ "What is 3G/WCDMA?". GSMA.com. Retrieved 2014-
06-24.
2. Jump up^ 3GPP notes that there currently existed many different
names for the same system (eg FOMA, W-CDMA, UMTS,
etc); 3GPP. "Draft summary minutes, decisions and actions from
3GPP Organizational Partners Meeting#6, Tokyo, 9 October
2001" (PDF). p. 7.
3. Jump up^ Hsiao-Hwa Chen (2007), The Next Generation CDMA
Technologies, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 105106, ISBN 978-0-
470-02294-8
4. Jump up^ GSM Association HSPA Market update April 2012
5. Jump up^ Qualcomm says it doesn't need Nokia patents
Documentation[edit]
3GPP specification series 25Radio aspects of 3G, including
UMTS
TS 25.201 DescriptionDescribes basic differences between FDD
and TDD.
TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of transport channels
onto physical channels (FDD)
TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
TS 25.215 Physical layer - Measurements (FDD)
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