249

complete evaluation of this work for pertinent material, the following

areas of further research on t h ~ truss model with variable angle of
inclination of the diagonals may be useful:
The effect of high strength concrete f ~ > 7000 psi) on the
behavior of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams subjected
to shear and/or torsion.
- The effect of lightweight concrete members subjected to shear
and/or torsion on the truss model design approach.
The effects of restrained torsion in the case of members where
warping restraint becomes significant.
All the conclusions presented in this study apply to members
subjected to an static type loading. Further research is needed
to evaluate the effects of load reversals, and dynamic loading
on the truss model design approach.
The effects of fatigue were not considered and research may be
necessary in this area.



















"#$% &'() *)&+',)% '- $-.)-.$/-'++0 1+'-2 &'() $- .#) /*$($-'+3
44 5"6 7$1*'*0 8$($.$9'.$/- ")':
REF ERE N C E S
1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offi-
cials, Interim Specifications, Bridges, American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials, 1982.
2. American Concrete Institute, Building Code Requirements for
Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-77), American Concrete Institute,
1977. --
3. ACI-ASCE Committee 426, "The Shear Strength of Reinforced
Concrete Members," Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE,
Vol. 99, No. ST6, June 1973, pp.-,Q91-1187. ----
4. Lampert, P., and Thlirlimann, B., "Ultimate Strength and Design
of Rein forced Concrete Beams in Torsion and Bend ing," IABSE, No.
31-1, October 1971, pp. 107-131, Publication. Zurich.
5. Ritter, W., "Die Bauweise Hennebique,"
Bauzeitung, Vol. 33, No.5, pp. 41-43; No.6, pp.49-52; No.7,
pp. 59,61, February 1899, Zurich.
6. Thtirlimann, B., "Plastic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams,"
Berich 86, Institut fur Baustatik und Konsruktion ETH, November
1978, Zurich, 90pp.
7. Thurlimann, B., "Plastic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams,"
Introductory Report, IABSE Colloquium, 1979, Copenhagen, 20pp.
8. Thurlimann, B., "Shear Strength of Reinforced and Prestressed
Concrete Beams CEB Approach," Tech. Report, ACl Symposium, 1976,
February 1977, revised copy, 33pp.
9. Thiirlimann, B., "Torsional Strength of Reinforced and
Prestressed Concrete Bcams--CEB Approach," Bulletin 113, ACl
Publication SP-59, Detroit, 1979.
10. SlA, "Supplement to Structural Design Code SIA 162 (1968),"
Directive RL 34, Zurich, 1976.
11. Mitchell, D., and Collins, M. P., "Detailing for Torsion," ACI
Journal, Vol. 73, No.9, September 1976, pp. 506-511. ---
251
252
12. Mitchell, D., Collins, M. P., "Diagonal Compression Field
Theory--A Rat ional Mod el for Struct ur al Concrete in Pure
Torsion," ACI Journal, Vol. 11, No.8, August 1914, pp. 396-408.
13. Mitchell, D., and Collins, M. P., "Influence of Prestressing on
Torsional Response of Concrete Beams," .2.1: the
Prestressed Concrete Institute, May/June 1918, pp. 54-13.
14. Collins, M. P., "Towards a Rational Theory for RC Members in
Shear," Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No.
ST4, April 1918, pp. 649-666.
15. Collins, M. P., "Investigating the Stress-Strain Charcteristics
of Diagonally Cracked Concrete," IABSE Colloquium Plasticity
in Reinforced Concrete, Copenhagen, May 1919, pp. 21-34.
16. Collins, M. P., "Reinforced Concrete Members in Torsion and
Shear ," IABSE Colloqui u m on P lastici ty in Reinforced Concrete,
Copenhagen, May 1919, pp. 119-130.
11. Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D., "Shear and Torsion Design of
Prestressed and Non-Prestressed Concrete Beams," PCI Journal,
Vol. 25, No.5, September/October 1980, pp. 32-100.---
18. Lampert, P., and Collins, M. P., "Torsion, Bending, and
Confusion--An Attempt to Establish the Facts," Journal of the
American Concrete Institute, August 1912, pp. 500-504.
19. Nielsen, M. P., and Braestrup, N. W., "Plastic Shear Strength of
Reinforced Concrete Beams," Technical Report 3, Byningsstatiske
Meddelelser, 1915, Volume 46.
20. Nielsen, M. P., Braestrup, N. W., and Bach, F., Rational
Analysis of Shear in Reinforced Concrete Beams, IABSE, 1918.
21. Nielsen, M. P., Braestrup, N. W., Jensen, B. C., and Bach, F.,
Concrete Plasticity, Dansk Selskab for Byningsstatiske, SP,
October 1918.
, ,
22. Comite Euro-International du Beton, CEB-FEP Code for
Concrete Structures, International System of Uni fied Stand ard
Codes of Practice for Structures, Vol. II, Paris, 1918.
23. Canadian Standards Association, "Canadian Code Draft--Clause 11,
Shear and Torsion," Draft #9, unpublished.
24. Thurlimann, B., "Lecture Notes from Structural Seminar,"
University of Texas at Austin.