Cairo University

FINAL EXAM Faculty of Science

Department of
IN BIOLOGY
for the 1ST YEAR BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Zoology

January 2009 Time allowed 2

hours
{1} The following sentences may be right or may be contain
one wrong word. Put (√) in front the right one and a line
under the incorrect word then write a correct word above it.
{15 Marks
(15X1)}
‫ لللللل للل للل للللل للللل لل للللل‬:‫)لللللل‬
(‫للللل‬
‫ضع √ أو صحح‬ ‫ضع هنا خطا ً تحت الكلمة الخطأ‬
‫الكلمة الخطأ‬
‫هنا‬
√ 1- Prokaryotes are the smallest, most primitive and
most diverse group of organisms.
Plant 2- Animal cell has a large central vacuole, which is
filled with cell sap.
hydrophobic 3- Steroid nuclei of cholesterol molecules in the cell
or lipophilic membrane are hydrophilic i.e. fat soluble.
4- Passive transport does not require energy and
with takes place against the concentration gradient.
5- Glucose is commonly transported into the cells
facilitated by simple diffusion.
mature 6- The immature face of the cisternae of Golgi
or rER&nuc apparatus is directed towards the cell membrane.
7- Lysosomes are sac-like membranous organelles
eukaryotic present in all prokaryotic nucleated cells.
replication 8- Transcription is the copying of DNA into DNA.
9- Meiosis occurs in the fertilized ovum and in
mitosis different somatic cells of the body for growth.

{1}
 10- The 64-blastomere stage may be referred to a
32- morula.
11- Sebaceous glands in the skin of mammals
represent the branched tubular glands.
alveolar 12- Elastic fibers of areolar connective tissue run in
white branched bundles.
13- Protein of the plasma membrane acts as
√ selective transport channels and carriers.
14- Both glycolipids and glycoproteins are called
√ the glycocalyx (cell coat).
15- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in
√ the synthesis of lipids and cholesterol.

{2} Mention ONE DIFFERENCE ONLY between the following

scientific terms: {12 Marks
(24X½)}
(1) Ribosomes of prokaryotes Ribosomes of eukaryotes
Small in size. Large in size.
(2) Centrioles in plant cells Centrioles in animal cells
Generally absent. Always present.
(3) Cytolysis Plasmolysis
When the cell is placed in a When the cell is placed in
hypotonic solution, water diffuses a hypertonic solution, water
into the cell causes it to swell and diffuses out of the cell causes
often burst. it to shrink and die.
4) Exocytosis and cell membrane Endocytosis and cell
membrane
It adds membranes. It removes membranes.
(5) Outer mitochondrial Inner mitochondrial
membrane membrane
It is smooth. It is folded (convoluted).
(6) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
It is covered by ribosomes. It lacks ribosomes.
Or you can write opposite
function.
(7) Intracellular digestion Extracellular digestion
It takes place inside the It takes place outside the
cytoplasm. cell i.e. extracellular fluid.

{2}
(8) Central microtubules of the Central microtubules of the
centrioles cilia
There are no central There are 2 central
microtubules. microtubules.
(9) Paramecium Euglena
(tool of movement) (tool of movement)
Cilia. Flagella.
(10) Alpha glycogen Beta glycogen
Appear as aggregations of Appear as single granules.
rosette-shaped particles.
(11) Exogenous pigments Endogenous pigments
They come from outside to be They are synthesized by
accumulated in the cells. the cells.
(12) Pyrimidine base of DNA Pyrimidine base of RNA
Thymine. Uracil.
(13) 3ٓ end of DNA strand 5ٓ end of DNA strand
The end which has not a The end which has a
phosphate group or the end has a phosphate group
pentose sugar.
(14) The binding between adenine The binding between guanine
(A) & thymine (T) (G) & cytosine (C)
Through two hydrogen bonds. Through three hydrogen
bonds.
(15) Messenger RNA Transfer RNA
Carries the specific genetic codes Carries amino acids
from DNA.
(16) The number of the daughter The number of the daughter
cells produced in each mitotic cells produced in each
cell division meiotic cell division
Two. Four.
(17) G1 phase of the interphase G2 phase of the interphase
Protein synthesis for the growth Duplication of centrioles.
of the cell.
(18) Mitosis Cytokinesis
Nuclear division. Cytoplasmic division.
(19) Spermatogonium Primary spermatocyte
Small in size. Large in size.
Or Produced at the end of Or Produced at the end of
multiplication phase. growth phase.
(20) Multiplication phase Maturation phase
Takes place by mitosis. Takes place by meiosis.
(21) Origin of nervous tissue Origin of muscular tissue
Ectoderm. Mesoderm.

{3}
(22) Cartilage Bone
Not penetrated by blood vessels. Penetrated by blood
vessels.
(23) Matrix of vascular connective Matrix of connective tissue
tissue proper
It is a fluid. It is a gelatinous.
(24) Sensory neurons Motor neurons
Carry nerve impulses (action Carry nerve impulses
potentials) from the receptors to the (action potentials) from the
central nervous system. central nervous system to the
effector organs.
{3} Write the SCIENTIFIC NAME of each of the following:
{16 Marks
(16X1)}
1- It is a branch of biology that deals with the study of the
structures, functions, properties, formation and activities of cells.
{Cell biology (cytology)}
2- It is a cell which may reach to more than 90 cm in large
animals.
{Nerve cell (neuron)}
3- It is very thin (about 80 – 100 Ǻ) in thickness, covering both the
plant and animal cells.
{Cell (plasma) membrane}
4- It is the diffusion of solvent (water) through the plasma
membrane from an area of hypotonic solution to an area of
hypertonic solution.
{Osmosis}
5- It is formed from carrier proteis (α & β subunits), ATPase and
ATP.
{Sodium-potassium pump}
6- They are cell organoids which are bounded by a double
membrane and are considered as the power house of the cell.
{Mitochondria}
7- It is a process in which the cell is self-destructed.

{4}
 {Autolysis}
8- They have a role in metabolism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
and share in breakdown of purines and pyrimidines.
{Peroxisomes (microbodies)}
9- They determine the shape of the cell. They also provide
mechanical support of the cell. They are formed from
microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules.
{Cytoskeleton}
10- It was used to protect DNA (genetic material) from
cytoplasmic reactions that could damage it.
{Nuclear membrane}
11- It is composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a
phosphate group.
{Nucleotide of nucleic acids}
12- A conical projection that produced by the egg surface at the
point of contact between the sperms and the ovum.
{Entrance}
13- It is the process by which female gametes are formed.
{Oogenesis}
14- It is a classic example of the unicellular gland.
{Goblet cell}
15- It is a covering epithelium that forms the epidermis of the
skin.
{Stratified squamous epithelium}
16- They are long cylindrical structures made of dimmers of alpha
and beta tubulin (type of protein).
{Microtubules}
{4} Write on the following: {7 Marks}
1- Three functions only of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
(1.5 Marks)
1- They are responsible for protein synthesis.
{5}
 2- They store the formed protein.
3- Packaging and segregation of the formed protein.
4- Delivery of the packaged protein to the Golgi apparatus.

2- Mention only one character of each of the following:

(2 Marks)
a) Metaphase:
1- The presence of metaphasal (equatorial)plate (plans).
2- The centromers of the chromosome pairs aligning along the
microtubules at the center of the mitotic spindle.
b) Anaphase:
1- It is characterized by movement.
2- The paired centromeres of each chromosome move apart.
3- Sister chromatids split apart into separate chromosomes and
move towards opposite poles of the cell.
4- Because microtubules are attached to the centromeres, the
chromosomes move centromere first in a V-shaped.
5- With continuous shortage of microtubules, chromosomes
approach to the opposite poles of the cell.
6- The poles of the cell move farther apart, elongating the cell.
7- At the end of anaphase, the two poles have identical
collections of chromosomes.
3- Mention only the stages of embryonic development.
(1.5 Marks)
1- Cleavage.
2- Gastrulation.
3- Organ formation (organogenesis).

4- Blastula: (2 Marks)

* It is a hollow spherical structure.

* It′s wall is formed from one layer of cells; micromeres at the
animal pole and macromeres at the vegetal pole.
* It has a central cavity called blastocoel which is not connected
to the exterior.

‫أجمل المنيات بالنجاح والتفوق‬

‫شـــــــبل شـــــــــــــــــــــــــعلن‬

{6}
‫أجمل المنيات بالتوفيق والتفوق‬
‫شبل شعلن‬