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Form: 5 Subject: Physics Paper 1

Section A (54 marks)

1. (a) Potential energy of Kenneth


= mgh
= 60(10)(10)
= 6000 J 1A 1
(b) Loss in potential energy = gain in kinetic energy
1 2
mgh = mv 1M
2
1
6000 = (60)v 2
2
v ≈ 14.14 ≈ 14.1 m s −1 1A 2
The speed of Kenneth is 14.1 m s−1.
(c) Loss in potential energy = work done against the resistive force
mgh = Fs 1M
60(10)(10 + 3) = F (3) 1A
F = 2600 N 1A 3
The average resistive force exerted by the water on Kenneth is 2600 N.

2. (a) Speed v = 70 km h–1 = 19.44 m s–1


d
Reaction time = 1M
v
6
= = 0.3086 = 0.309 s 1A 2
19.44
The reaction time of the man was 0.309 s.
(b) By v 2 = u 2 + 2as , 1M
v −u2
0 − 19.44
2 2 2
a= = = −3.936 = −3.94 m s − 2 1A 2
2s 2 × 48
The average deceleration of the car was 3.94 m s–2.
(c) Speed v = 80 km h–1 = 22.22 m s–1
Thinking distance = vt = 22.22 × 0.3086 = 6.857 m 1A
v 2 − u 2 0 2 − 22.22 2
Braking distance = = = 62.72 m 1A
2a 2 × (−3.936)
Therefore, the stopping distance was (6.857 + 62.72) = 69.577 m 1A
This stopping distance is greater than 60 m. 1A 4
Therefore, the car would have knocked down the boy if the car had
travelled at 80 km h−1.

1
3. (a) Aaron uses a convex lens. 1A
It is because the lens forms an inverted and diminished image of a distant
object. 1A 2
(b) Yes, Aaron can catch the image on a piece of paper. 1A
He should put a piece of paper on his side, at the focal plane of the lens. 1A 2
(c)

F F’

image

Correct ray diagram 1A


Correct position of image 1A 2

4. (a) Since the temperature of liquid A rises from t = 0 to t = 120 s, and it drops
after t = 120 s, 1A
the heater is switched on from t = 0 to t = 120 s. 1A 2
(b) (i) By E = Pt, 1M
energy needed
= 1000 × 120
= 120 000 J (= 120 kJ) 1A 2
The energy needed to heat liquid A from 20 °C to 60 °C is 120 000 J.
(ii) T / °C

60

50

40

30

20

10
t/s

0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Line with a greater slope. 1A


Initial temperature remains the same. 1A 2
(c) Liquid A is a better coolant. 1A
It is because liquid A has a higher specific heat capacity. When the same
amount of energy is absorbed by liquids A and B, the temperature rise of
liquid A is smaller. 1A 2

2
5. (a) Average speed of the waves between P and Q
s
= 1M
t
20
=
4
= 5 m s −1 1A 2
(b)

For λLHS of Q > λRHS of Q 1M


If all correct 1A 2
(c) The wave phenomenon is called refraction. 1A 1

6. When S1 and S2 are open, a current of 1.2 A passes through the 1-Ω resistor
only.
By V = IR, 1M
voltage across the 1-Ω resistor
= 1.2 × 1
= 1.2 V
Let I1 be the current flowing through R1 when S1 is closed and S2 is open.
current through the ammeter
= current through the 1-Ω resistor + current through R1 1M
⇒ 1.8 = 1.2 + I1
I1 = 0.6 A
V 1.2
By R = , R1 = = 2Ω 1A
I 0.6
Let I2 be the current flowing through R2 when S1 and S2 are closed.
current through the ammeter
= total current through the 1-Ω resistor and R1 + current through R2 1M
⇒ 2.1 = 1.8 + I2
I2 = 0.3 A
V 1.2
By R = , R2 = = 4Ω 1A 5
I 0.3

3
7. (a) Total power of the electrical appliances
= 2000 + 500 + 1400 + 140 = 4040 W 1M
By P = IV, 1M
total current drawn by the electrical appliances
P 4040
= = = 18.4 A 1A 3
V 220
(b) When the appliances operate at the same time, the total current passing the
adaptor is larger than the rated value of the fuse inside the adaptor. 1A
Therefore, the fuse of the adaptor will blow. 1A
However, the fuses of the appliances will not blow. 1A
It is because each appliance would not draw a current larger than its rated
value. 1A 4

8. (a) β source is suitable for the purpose. 1A


When there is a change in the count rate, there is a change in the thickness. 1A 2
(b) Any one of the following: 2A 2
The aluminium sheet is constantly moving and cannot be stopped for
measuring thickness by a ruler.
The aluminium sheet may be too thin to be measured by a ruler accurately.
It is difficult to monitor the thickness at the middle of the sheet.

9. (a) ‘Sv’ is the unit for effective dose equivalent. 1A


Since the biological effects of radiation on our body depends on the kind
of radiation received by the body and which part of the body receives the
radiation, defining this unit let us know how much damage has been done
to the body. 1A 2
(b) The radiation dose of 36 New York−Hong Kong−New York flights
= 20 µSv × 3 × 2 × 36 = 4.32 mSv 1M
< 5 mSv 1A 2
The flight attendant would not be over-dosed but it is close.
(c) Other sources of radiation in our daily life: 1A 1
radioactive substances in rocks and soil
radioactive gas in air, e.g. radon emitted by rocks, soil and building
materials
our body, and food and drinks
medical examination (mainly X-ray)
radioactive dust, radioactive waste, etc.

4
Section B (36 marks)

10. (a) When the charging unit is connected to the mains, an alternating current
flows through coil X and a changing magnetic field is set up in coil X. 1A
This induces a current in coil Y. 1A 2
Vp N p
(b) By = ,
Vs Ns
220 2200
= 1M
6 Ns
Ns = 60 1A 2
Coil Y has 60 turns.
(c) It increases the strength of the magnetic fields in the coils. 1A 1

11. (a)

1A

This illustrates that the output voltage V2 is directly proportional to the


input voltage V1. 1A 2
(b) Josephine should vary the number of turns of the secondary coil of the
transformer n2 and measure the corresponding output voltage V2. 1A
In conducting the experiment the input voltage V1 and number of turns of
the primary coil n1 should remain unchanged. 1A 2
She should then explore the relationship between the two sets of data.
(c) Marking Criteria:
1A – for using suitable apparatus
1A – for evaluating the input and output powers
P
1M – for efficiency = out × 100%
Pin
Josephine may use ammeters to measure the primary current I1 and
secondary current I2 and 1A
compute the input power I1V1 and output power I2V2. 1A
I V
By using the formula 2 2 × 100% , she can estimate the efficiency of the
I 1V1
transformer. 1M 3

5
12. (a) (i) Period T of sound wave
1
=
f
1
= = 0.002 s 1A
500
t1 = T = 0.002 s and t2 = 2T = 0.004 s 1A
v 340
(ii) Wavelength of wave = = = 0.68 m 1A
f 500
At t = 0.002 s, the air molecule at P is moving up.
The displacement-distance graph of sound wave along AP can be
drawn based on these pieces of information.

Correct waveform. 1A
Correct labels on axes. 1A 5
(b) Path difference at P = 3.40 – 2.72 = 0.68 m = 1λ 1A
Constructive interference occurs at P. 1A
The loudness at P increases. 1A 3
(c) The sound waves given by the two loudspeakers are not coherent (they
have different frequencies and are not in phase). 1A 1

13. (a) Before collision, trolley A is at rest 1A


and trolley B is moving to the left at a velocity of 0.54 m s–1. 1A
After collision, trolley A moves to the left at a velocity of 0.59 m s–1 1A
and trolley B continues to move to the left at a velocity of 0.22 m s–1. 1A
(For effective communication) 1C 5
(b) The area is the displacement of trolley. 1A 1
(c) (i) Total initial momentum = mAuA + mBuB
= 0.69 × 0 + 1.38 × 0.54 = 0.745 kg m s–1 1A
Total final momentum = mAvA + mBvB
= 0.69 × 0.59 + 1.38 × 0.22 = 0.711 kg m s–1 1A
Total momentum is the same before and after collision within
experimental error. The results support the conservation of
momentum. 1A 3

6
(ii) Sources of error (any one): 1A
There is friction between trolleys and the table.
There is friction in the wheels of trolleys.
There is air resistance acting on the trolleys.

Suggestion for improvement (any one): 1A 2


Use a more smooth table.
Add lubricant to the wheels.
Make the trolleys in more streamline shape.
(d) Total kinetic energy before collision
1 1
= m Au A + mB u B
2 2
1M
2 2
1 1
= × 0.69 × 0 2 + × 1.38 × 0.54 2 ≈ 0.201 J 1A
2 2
Total kinetic energy after collision
1 1
= m A v A + mB vB
2 2

2 2
1 1
= × 0.69 × 0.59 2 + × 1.38 × 0.22 2 ≈ 0.153 J 1A
2 2
Since KE is not conserved, the collision is inelastic. 1A 4

Form: 5 Subject: Physics Paper 1


Solutions

1 C D A B A
6 C C B C C
11 B C D B D
16 C C C A B
21 D B A C D
26 D D C B D
31 A D C B D
36 A A B D B
41 C D C A C

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