CycloneSeparators

Physicsbehindthemandhowthey
work
SebastianBENAVIDES
Specialization Course
December 2012
Howtheyare
composed
What
happens
Velocitydistributioninside
theCyclone
Canbeexplainedthrough
Axial
Radial
Tangential
Velocitydistributionon
hydrocyclones withafreevortex
Axial Radial Tangential
Tangential Radial Axial
Equilibriumbetweencentrifugalforceandradial
pressuregradient
Pressurefield
Commonassumptionstointerpretandunderstand
whathappensinsidethecyclone
Radialmotion
Complicated.
F_C=F_D
4/3*rho_p*pi*r^2*v_t^2=6*pi*mu*r*v_r
v_t^2/r=9/2mu*v_r*1/(r^2rho_p)
Foru_terminal =d^2*g*rho_p/(18*mu)
u_terminal =(r*g*v_r)/v_t^2
Forseparationatd=0.4d_owhered_o istheoutletdiameter.
u_terminal =0,2*(d_o*g*v_r)/v_t^2
Efficiency
TheyresultfromintegratingEq.Cyclonefordifferentflowsituationsand
hypothesis.TheycalculateX50.X50 correspondstotheparticlewhosetimeequals
theresidencetimeofthegasandisconsideredastohaveaseparationefficiency
of50%
Itisassumedthataparticlethatreachesthewallgetsseparated.Evenmoresofor
particleswhointhetimeittakes,shouldvereachedagreaterradialdistance.
Timeofflightmodel
Notionofequilibriumorbit(CS/controlsurfaceequaltozero/Barth)
Gradeefficiency
Overflow,Underflow
Lowcutoff,highefficiency(oil/water)
Lowresidencetime
Formulasforcycloneefficiency
Theyperformwellforlowvaluesofsolidloadings(<510g/m^3)atcycloneinlet
NaturalturninglengthL_n
Turninglength
Naturallength
Vortexlength
Axisymmetric onlyatlowvelocities,athighwallfrictioncoefficientsatlowswirl.
DecreaseofcycloneefficiencybyreducingL_n,staticwallpressureandtangential
velocitymeasurements
Reason:vortexisanunstablestructure.Itoscillatesradially atanyaxiallocation(PVC
Precessing VortexCore).Whataninstabilitydoesistomakethevortexbendandend
onthewallinsteadmakingtheseparatorloseefficiency
BetterforL_n <HCaseofhighinletR_e numbers.Ifnotitattachedtothewalland
messesupthingsreentrainmentandinstability.
AboutL_n thereareonlycontradictions.Somefactorsmakeitlongersome timeswhile
thesamefactormakesitshorterinothercases.
Foracentrifuge
AssumingaNewtonlawregimewhereisconstantandequalto0.22,itis
foundthatthetimeittakesforaparticletotravelfromaradiusR_d tothewall
radiusRintheStokeslawregimeis:
Whereomegaistheangularvelocityandro_s istheparticledensity.R_d isthe
pointofwhichalltheparticlesofsizesdinwhichgiventheresidencetimeT_r will
reachthewallandseparate.
Definingtotalflowas:
Andfollowingthatgradeefficiencyisdefinedasthevolumeoftheliquidinthe
underflowtothetotalandbyeliminatingT_r yields:
foraparticlefluidsysteminclude
Equationsproposedforcalculatingthe
naturallengthofthevortex
References
PhenomenologicalModelofCycloneSeparator,KuoTaiHsieh(),KingJangYang()
andChinHungKo (),DepartmentofAppliedMathematics,ChungHua University
Modelingthegasandparticleflowinsidecycloneseparators,Cristo balCortes,AntoniaGil
NUMERICALSTUDYOFGASSOLIDFLOWINACYCLONESEPARATOR,B.WANG,D.L.XU,K.W.CHU
ANDA.B.YU
InvestigationofEnergyLossMechanismsinCycloneSeparators
ROTARYCYCLONEWILLIMPROVEOILYWATERTREATMENTANDREDUCESPACE
REQUIREMENT/WEIGHTONOFFSHOREPLATFORMS,J.C.GAY,6G.
TRIPONEY,TOTALCOMPAGNIEFRANCAISEDESPETROLES,C.BEZARO,ALSTHOMNEYR1EC,
P.SCHUMMER,ALS7HOMACE
ComputationalFluidDynamicalModelofaCyclone,SeparatorinMicrogravity,KevinMCrosbyand
BradFrye,DepartmentofPhysics,CarthageCollege,Kenosha,WI
CIEG434AirPollutionControl,P.Chiu,UofDel.Lecture5
MARTIN RHODES (2008) Introduction to Particle Technology, 2nd Edition. Publisher J ohn Wiley
& Son, Chichester, West Sussex, England.
Coulson andRichardsons,CHEMICALENGINEERINGVOLUME2FIFTHEDITIONParticleTechnology
andSeparationProcesses
Theotherswerelessrelevantand/orcoveredthesame.