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Shaping Society
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Mohd Amir Bin Arshad
Department of Environmental Health & Occupational Safety
Faculty of Biomedical & Health Sciences
Universiti Selangor
Introduction to
Environmental Health
MPD 1212
Chapter 1
Introduction to EH
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Name?
Nickname?
From
where?
Hobby?
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1. Continuous Assessment [40%]
Tests
Assignment
Midterm examination
2. Final Examination [60%]
Course Assessment
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Define health, public health and
environmental health
Understand the objectives of
environmental health
Describe the environmental health issues
local and internationally
Course Learning Outcomes
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Definition: Environment
[All] that which is external to individual
human host. [It] can be divided into
physical, biological, social cultural any or
all of which can influence health status in
populations. (WHO, 1995)
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Definition: Health
Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
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Public health is "the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting health through the organized
efforts and informed choices of society,
organizations, public and private,
communities and individuals.
Definition: Public health
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Addresses all the physical, chemical, and
biological factors external to a person, and
all the related factors impacting behaviors.
It covers the assessment and control of
those environmental factors that can
potentially affect health. (WHO, 2012)
Definition: Environmental Health
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Studies the impact of the
environment on populations
health
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To strengthening and improving
environmental quality and health.
Prolonged the quality of life
The Objective
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Soil Erosion
Deforestation
Habitat destruction
Drinking water
Water Pollution
pesticides
Heavy metals
Groundwater pollution
Typhoid fever
Hepatitis A
Cholera
Lead poisoning
Wastewater
Recreational Waters
Air Quality
Ozone depletion
Global warming
Asthma
Lung cancer
Carbon monoxide
Radon gas
Solid waste
Food Sanitation
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Population Perspective
Individual
Family
Community, nation
Human population
A
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P
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s
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Children, women, the elderly, the disabled,
indigenous people
Vulnerable groups
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Elements of environment
Chemical
Air pollution
toxic waste,
pesticides,
industrial
discharges
Physical
Ionizing
radiation,
noise,
lighting,
vibration
Biological
Bacteria,
microbes,
poisonous
plants and
animals
Psychosocial
Beliefs,
habits,
religion,
education,
lifestyles
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Bophal Disaster
In 1984, the accidental
release of 40 metric tons of
methyl isocyanate (MIC)
from a Union Carbide
pesticide plant in the heart
of Bhopal, India killed
thousands of people and
injured hundreds of
thousands.
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Chernobly Incident, 26 April 1986
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400 times more radiation than
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
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Estimated, it will take
20,000 years to be
completely safe
Ghost Town
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Pesticides - chemicals
that manufactured for
reducing populations of
undesirable organisms
(pests).
E.g. herbicides &
insecticides.
Most pesticides kill non-
target organisms as well
as the target.
Disease transmitted by
insects or other
arthropods.
E.g. mosquitoes
(dengue), rodent
(leptospirosis).
Pesticides Vector-borne diseases
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Diseases that transmitted
through drinking water.
Drinking untreated water.
E.g. polio virus, hepatitis
A virus, Salmonella,
Shigella, cholera,
dysentery.
Recreational areas.
Diseases transmitted in
or on food.
E.g. agents are the
bacteria Salmonella,
Escherichia.
Routinely inspect food
service.
Water-borne diseases Food-borne diseases
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Exposure to lead are
anemia, birth defects,
bone damage,
neurological damage,
kidney damage.
Exposure is by ingestion
and inhalation.
Children are particularly
at risk.
Diseases including lung
cancer & perhaps heart
disease.
Contains 4, 000
substances.
EPA classified as a Class
A carcinogen.
Lead Poisoning Tobacco smoke
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Arises naturally from the
earth & sometimes
occurs at dangerous
levels in buildings and
homes.
Breathing can cause lung
cancer.
Population growth may
be a sociological hazard.
Living in a society where
one experiences noise,
lack of privacy and
overcrowding.
Radon Gas Stress
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Earthquakes, floods,
hurricanes, tornadoes,
typhoons, and volcanic
eruptions.
Biological, psychological
and sociological hazards
may increase following a
natural disaster
Reaches humans as
short wave length energy
that can damage cells by
ionization.
One of the result over
exposure to UV radiation
is skin cancer.
Disaster Ultraviolet radiation
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Any Questions?
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Morgan, M.T. (Ed). 2003. Environmental Health. 3rd Edition.
Thomson Wadworth. Australia
W.H. Bassett, 2004. Clays Handbook of Environmental
Health. Nineteenth edition.
World Health Organization (2012). Environmental Health.
Allison Robinson, 2001. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. Introduction to Environmental Health.
Jonathan M. (2006). Introduction to Environmental Health.
Johns Hopkins University
References