INTERIOR LIGHTING 10-19

ows" are manifestations of these factors. A popular definition of glare is

"light out of place."
The Illuminating Engineering Society has established Brightness
Standards for schools, homes, and offices based on the best data presently
available. These standards are described on pages 10-52 and 10-76.
The theories are discussed in Section 2. Data regarding calculation
procedures are given in Section 8.
Light Source Selection
The characteristics of applicable light sources are important factors in
lighting design and influence luminaire selection. Usually there are
several light sources which can be applied in each lighting field. In some
cases, however, a particular characteristic may be so important that a
source strong in that capacity may meet the requirements best, despite
other limitations. For example, a long-life lamp may be absolutely neces-
sary for those places where replacement problems are very difficult. When
there is a limited power supply or wiring capacity or very high power costs,
a light source having a high over-all lumen-per-watt rating is particularly
desirable.
Luminaire Selection
Before lighting calculations are made, a type of luminaire should be
selected for preliminary consideration. The characteristics of different
types of luminaires are described on pages
10-5
to 10-8. Luminaires
are classified according to their light distribution characteristics and also
according to their principal field of application, e.g., the industrial unit.
This latter classification usually depends on the appearance, mechanical
construction, and installation method and sometimes upon the electrical
characteristics of the luminaire.
In many cases, several types are available and the final selection may be
made on the basis of overall cost and appearance.
Luminaire Layout
The determination of the illumination level and the type of luminaire
permits consideration of the luminaire layout. Lighting levels (both high
and low) and other factors occasionally restrict the type of equipment
which may be chosen and its installation arrangement, but in most cases
the advantages of a general, local, localized-general, or a general-plus-
supplementary plan should be weighed. (See page 10-3.)
The individual electric outlet layout plan is a basic method with incande-
scent-lamp luminaires because of the symmetrical lateral light distribution
characteristic of most equipment of this type and because of the economy
and practicality of concentrating lamps of high rated wattages in single
units. The most common plan consists of a symmetrical arrangement of
one to four luminaires in a bay (or room). To a large extent, early fluores-
cent installations followed this same technique. However, the present
trend is to emphasize their linear characteristic and the result is a growing
number of light patterns based on straight line elements.