INTERIOR LIGHTING 10-133

Reflected light from the polished working surface of the machine should
be cast over the right shoulder of the operator, between him and the opera-
tor on his right. This position also provides a secondary shadow across
the leather just ahead of the needle point which improves visibility at the
point of work because of the increased contrast.
For specialized work in this department such as eyeletting, buttonholing,
perforating, etc., machines are used which have relatively large overhangs.
These cause bad shadows when illumination is provided by luminaires
mounted overhead. It is recommended that a local lighting system be
used to supplement the uniform general illumination.
In all cases levels of illumination of not less than 20 footcandles should
be provided on the work.
Making department. The making department in the average plant is
subdivided according to operations as follows:
(1)
vamping;
(2)
welt-
bottoming;
(3)
bottoming;
(4)
heeling;
(5)
turning; and
(6)
standard,
screw, nail, or pegged shoe making.
In some plants this department is called the gang room and occupies an
entire floor.
Usually this department is located in the factory area with the highest
natural illumination level. A general electrical-lighting system also
should be installed to provide 20 footcandles. Local lighting should be
used to supplement the natural and electric lighting not only to provide
at all times the high levels of illumination required at the work, but also
to mitigate shadows of overhanging machine parts.
Lasters, sole layers, levelers, and nailing machines may be illuminated
by diffused light. The source location is not critical. Other machines in
the making department should be illuminated from the rear and to the
right of the operator. The vertical as well as horizontal illumination level
is most important. For recommended levels see Table 10-15.
Finishing room. In the finishing room shoes are inspected and faults
are corrected. Treeing machines are used in this area for ironing out
wrinkles. From here the shoe goes to the final inspection and thence to
the packers and shippers. A uniform illumination level of 20 footcandles
is recommended for this work if the materials have a high reflectance, and
100 footcandles if they have a low reflectance.
Packing and shipping department. The work in this department com-
prises matching and numbering shoes, inserting laces, and packing pairs
in individual boxes on benches. In most plants shelves extend to the
ceiling. The recommended illumination level is 10 footcandles.
Rubber-Shoe Manufacturing
In rubber-shoe manufacturing plants typical operations include the
following:
(1)
washing;
(2)
compounding and milling;
(3)
cutting and
calendering;
(4)
drying;
(5)
sole rolling and cutting;
(6)
making;
(7)
var-
nishing and vulcanizing; and
(8)
packing and shipping.
In the washing department crude rubber is cut up by band saws. A
uniform general illumination level of 10 footcandles is recommended for