11-32 IES LIGHTING HANDBOOK

wide-beam floodlights, mounted 25 feet or more above the ground on poles

or convenient buildings, will be satisfactory. At least two floodlights
should be used, to avoid darkness in case of a lamp burn-out in one. Sym-
metrical distribution pendent refractors may be used also, and should be
mounted 22 to 25 feet high. At least two should be employed.
Lighting of Water Fronts
Water-front boundaries are a favorite approach for intruders. Method
1 for lighting boundaries (Table 11-14) may be applied if floodlights are so
located that no shadow will be cast over the water by a sea wall, levee, or
bank. Floodlights should be mounted at least 30 feet high and directed
almost perpendicularly to the direction of the water traffic. A band of
water paralleling the shore at least 100 feet wide should be illuminated, with
no glare created for normal navigation. An average level of 0.2 footcandle
(on the horizontal) usually is adequate.
Lighting for Emergencies
Emergency lighting falls into two classifications. The first of these re-
quires a high candlepower which can be directed to cover a small area at any
desired point. To accomplish this, it is recommended that searchlights be
placed at convenient locations from which critical areas may be reached by
their beams.
The second classification of emergency lighting includes conditions arising
from fires, explosions, accidents, or the gathering of unruly crowds. To
meet such contingencies, portable wide- and narrow-beam floodlights with
adequate extension cords and, if necessary, portable power supplies should
be available.
REFERENCES
1. Artificial Light, and Its Application, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Bloomfield, N. J., 1940.
2. Weitz, C. E., Electric Signs, Control ofLampsand Lighting, International Textbook Company, Scranton,
Pa., 1944.
3. LaWall, G. R., and Potter, W. M., "Factors in the Design of Opaque Patterns on Luminous Back-
ground," Trans Ilium. Eng. Soc., May, 1935.
4. Potter, W. M., and Meaker, P., "Luminous Architectural Elements," Trans. Ilium. Eng. Soc. Decem-
ber, 1931
6. McMath, J. B., "Development and Use of Gaseous Conductor Tubes," Trans. Ilium. Eng. Soc., July,
1938
6. Benjamin Catalogue No. 26, Benjamin Electric Manufacturing Company, Des Plaines. 111.. July, 1946.
7. Weitz, C. E., Interior and Exterior Lighting, International Textbook Company, Scranton, Pa., 1943.
8. Lighting Handbook A-j.064, Lamp Division, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Bloomfield, N. J., 1943.
9. Shoemaker, G. E., "Synthetic Lighting," Trans. Ilium. Eng. Soc, March, 1932.
10. Hallman, E. B., "Floodlighting Design Procedure as Applied to Modern Setback Construction,"
Trans. Ilium. Eng. Soc, April, 1934.
11. Paulus, A., "A Cloak of Light for Miss Liberty," Trans. Ilium. Eng. Soc, November, 1931.
12. Steinhardt, L. R., "The Illumination of Statuary," Ilium. Eng., April, 1941.
13. Cost, R. W., "Floodlighting the Washington Monument," Trails. Ilium. Eng. Soc, December, 1931.
14. Powell, A. L., "Decorative Lighting for Out-of-Doors," Trans. Ilium. Eng. Soc, March, 1929.
15. Atwater, D. W.,and Paulus, A., "Artificial Light as an Aid to the Landscape Architect," Trans. Ilium.
Eng. Soc, March, 1933.
16. Protective Lighting for Industrial Plants. Holophane Company Inc., New York, N. Y., 1942.
17. Summers, J. A., and Warren, D. M., "Protective Lighting for Industrial Plants," Folder LS840, General
Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
18. Atherton, C. A., "Short-Cut Design for Electrical Advertising," Trans. Ilium. Eng. Soc, February,
1925.
19. Summers, J. A., "Protection Against Sabotage," Ilium. Eng., December, 1942.
20. Beggs, E. W., and Woodside, C. S., "Technical Aspects of Architectural Lighting," Trans. Ilium. Eng.
Soc, December, 1931.