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This document outlines various provisional remedies and special civil actions in Philippine law, including their purpose, requisites for granting, and other details. It discusses preliminary attachment, preliminary injunction, receivership, replevin, support pendente lite, interpleader, declaratory relief, certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, expropriation, foreclosure, partition, forcible entry and detainer, and contempt. The remedies and actions provide ways to resolve legal disputes and protect rights, such as by attaching property, enforcing injunctions, or reviewing judgments, while the case is still pending.
This document outlines various provisional remedies and special civil actions in Philippine law, including their purpose, requisites for granting, and other details. It discusses preliminary attachment, preliminary injunction, receivership, replevin, support pendente lite, interpleader, declaratory relief, certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, expropriation, foreclosure, partition, forcible entry and detainer, and contempt. The remedies and actions provide ways to resolve legal disputes and protect rights, such as by attaching property, enforcing injunctions, or reviewing judgments, while the case is still pending.
This document outlines various provisional remedies and special civil actions in Philippine law, including their purpose, requisites for granting, and other details. It discusses preliminary attachment, preliminary injunction, receivership, replevin, support pendente lite, interpleader, declaratory relief, certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, expropriation, foreclosure, partition, forcible entry and detainer, and contempt. The remedies and actions provide ways to resolve legal disputes and protect rights, such as by attaching property, enforcing injunctions, or reviewing judgments, while the case is still pending.
Injunction/Preliminary Mandatory Injunction Receivership Replevin Support Pendente Lite Purpose To have property of adverse party attached as security for the satisfaction of jud!ent that !ay "e recovered in cases fa##in under Sec $% Ru#e &'( To re)uire a party or a court% aency or a person to refrain fro! doin a particu#ar act or acts or to re)uire the perfor!ance of a particu#ar act or acts( To p#ace the property su"ject of an action or proceedin under the contro# of a third party for its preservation and ad!inistration #itis pendentia To recover possession of persona# property To co!pe# adverse party to provide support *hi#e action is pendin in court +hen app#ied,ranted At the co!!ence!ent of the action or at any ti!e prior to the entry of jud!ent At any stae prior to the jud!ent or fina# order At any ti!e prior to satisfaction of jud!ent At the co!!ence!ent of the action "ut "efore ans*er is fi#ed At the co!!ence!ent of the action or at any ti!e prior to the jud!ent or fina# order -o* app#ied for .i#e affidavits and app#icant/s "ond .i#e verified app#ication and app#icant/s "ond0 if app#ication is inc#uded in the initiatory p#eadin% the adverse party shou#d "e served *ith su!!ons toether *ith a copy of the initiatory p#eadin and the app#icant/s "ond .i#e verified app#ication and app#icant/s "ond0 app#ication !ay a#so "e inc#uded in initiatory p#eadin in actions for forec#osure of !ortae .i#e affidavits and app#icant/s "ond .i#e verified app#ication0 "ond not re)uired +ho !ay rant 1ourt *here action is pendin% the 1A or the S1 even if action is pendin in the #o*er court( On#y the 1ourt *here the action is pendin0 Lo*er 1ourt% 1a or S1 provided action is pendin in the sa!e court *hich issues the injunction( 1ourt *here action is pendin% the 1A or the S1 even if action is pendin in the #o*er court( Appe##ate court !ay a##o* app#ication for receivership "e decided "y the court of oriin( On#y in the court *here action is pendin 1ourt of oriin and appe##ate court( 2See Ra!os v( 1A3 Re)uisites for rantin app#ication Sufficient cause of action 1ase is covered "y section $ Ru#e &' No other sufficient security for the c#ai! e4ists A!ount due to app#icant or va#ue of property he is entit#ed to recover is e)ua# to the su! for *hich the order of attach!ent is ranted App#icant is entit#ed to the re#ief de!anded Act,s co!p#ained of *ou#d *or5 injustice to the app#icant if not enjoined Acts souht to "e enjoined pro"a"#y vio#ates app#icants rihts respectin the su"ject of the action or proceedin App#icant has interest in the property or fund su"ject !atter of the action or proceedin Property or fund is in daner of "ein #ost re!oved or !ateria##y injured Appoint!ent of receiver is the !ost convenient and feasi"#e !eans of preservin% ad!inisterin or disposin of the property in #itiation App#icant is the o*ner of the property c#ai!ed or is entit#ed to the possession of the sa!e Property is *ronfu##y detained "y the adverse party Property is not distrained or ta5en for a ta4 assess!ent or a fine pursuant to #a* Affidavits% depositions or other docu!ents shou#d sho*% at #east provisiona##y% that the app#icant is entit#ed to receive support $ Preliminary Attachment Preliminary Injunction/Preliminary Mandatory Injunction Receivership Replevin Support Pendente Lite +here property is c#ai!ed "y third person +hen third6party c#ai!ant !a5es an affidavit of his tit#e to the property or his riht to the possession thereof% and serves such affidavit to the sheriff and a copy thereof to the attachin party% the sheriff sha## not "e "ound to 5eep the property un#ess the attachin party fi#es a "ond approved "y the court to inde!nify the third6party c#ai!ant in a su! not #ess than the va#ue of the property #evied upon( 1#ai! for da!aes for the ta5in or 5eepin the property !ust "e fi#ed *ithin $78 days fro! fi#in of the "ond( +hen third6party c#ai!ant !a5es an affidavit of his tit#e to the property or his riht to the possession thereof% and serves such affidavit to the sheriff and a copy thereof to the attachin party% the sheriff sha## not "e "ound to 5eep the property under rep#evin un#ess the app#icant fi#es a "ond approved "y the court to inde!nify the third6party c#ai!ant in a su! not #ess than dou"#e the va#ue of the property #evied upon( 1#ai! for da!aes for the ta5in or 5eepin the property !ust "e fi#ed *ithin $78 days fro! fi#in of the "ond( 9ond re)uire!ent 9ond e4ecuted to the adverse party in the a!ount fi4ed "y the court to cover the costs *hich !ay "e adjuded to the adverse party and a## da!aes *hich he !ay sustain "y reason of the rantin of provisiona# re!edy prayed for% if the court sha## fina##y adjude that the app#icant *as not entit#ed thereto 9ond e4ecuted to the adverse party in double the value of the property for the return of the property to the adverse party if such return "e adjuded% and for the pay!ent to the adverse party of such su! as he !ay recover fro! the app#icant of the action No "ond re)uired Dischare of re!edy By counter-bond: Party aainst *ho! the provisiona# re!edy is avai#ed of% !ay !ove for the dischare of the provisiona# re!edy ranted "y fi#in a counter6"ond in an a!ount e)ua# to that fi4ed "y the court or e)ua# to the va#ue of the property if *ith respect to a particu#ar property to secure the pay!ent of any jud!ent that the adverse party !ay recover in the action Not app#ica"#e( 1ash deposit !ay "e !ade in #ieu of the counter6"ond .i#in of counter6"ond !ade on#y upon sho*in that the issuance or continuance thereof *ou#d cause irrepara"#e da!ae to the party or person enjoined *hi#e the app#icant can "e fu##y co!pensated for such da!aes as he !ay suffer 0 counter6 "ond a#one *i## not suffice to dischare the injunction( A!ount of counter6"ond shou#d a#so "e double the value of the property ther !rounds: i!proper or irreu#ar issuance or enforce!ent or insufficiency of the "ond Insufficiency of the app#ication Appoint!ent *as o"tained *ithout sufficient cause 7 Preliminary Attachment Preliminary Injunction/Preliminary Mandatory Injunction Receivership Replevin Support Pendente Lite Da!aes in case app#icant for any of the provisiona# re!edies not entit#ed thereto or for any irreu#arity in the procure!ent of provisiona# re!edy O*ner of property attached !ust fi#e "efore tria# or "efore perfection of appea# app#ication for da!aes Party *ho avai#ed of provisiona# re!edy and his surety or sureties !ust "e notified % sho*in riht to da!aes and a!ount thereof Da!aes a*arded on#y after proper hearin0 inc#uded in jud!ent of the !ain case If jud!ent of appe##ate court is favora"#e to the party aainst *ho! provisiona# re!edy *as effected: App#ication !ust "e fi#ed *ith the appe##ate court "efore the jud!ent of the appe##ate court "eco!es e4ecutory Appe##ate court !ay a##o* app#ication to "e heard and decided "y the tria# court If "ond or deposit iven "y the party avai#in of the provisiona# re!edy "e insufficient or fai# to satisfy the a*ard: Adverse party !ay recover da!aes in the sa!e action +hen jud!ent or fina# order finds the person *ho has "een providin support pendente #ite not #ia"#e therefor: 1ourt sha## order the recipient to return the a!ounts a#ready received *ith interest fro! the dates of actua# pay!ent Recipient !ay o"tain rei!"urse!ent fro! the person #ea##y o"#ied to ive support 2separate action !ust "e fi#ed for the purpose3 If recipient fai#s to rei!"urse the a!ount% person *ho provided the sa!e !ay see5 rei!"urse!ent fro! the person #ea##y o"#ied to ive the support 2separate action !ust "e fi#ed for the purpose3 ; Specia# 1ivi# Actions Interpleader "eclaratory Relie# $ertiorari %$M&L&$ and $A' $ertiorari Prohibition Mandamus (uo )arranto &*propriation +oreclosure o# Real &state Mort!a!e Partition +orcible &ntry "etainer $ontempt Purpose 1o!pe# conf#ictin c#ai!ants to #itiate their c#ai!s a!on the!se#ves Dec#aration of rihts and duties 2refor!ation of instru!ent% )uietin of tit#e% conso#idation of o*nership3 1orrectin errors of jurisdiction Re!ove a usurper Ta5in of private property for pu"#ic use Satisfy creditor "ased upon security Division of rea# property a!on the parties c#ai!in rihts thereto Recover possession in fact Protect judicia# syste! fro! un*arranted intrusion < Re)uisites 1onf#ictin c#ai!s e4ist upon the sa!e su"ject !atter Such c#ai!s are !ade upon a person *ho c#ai!s no interest in the su"ject !atter Person has interest under a deed% *i##% contract or other *ritten instru!ent Person/s rihts are affected "y a statute% e4ecutive order or reu#ation% ordinance% or any other overn!enta# reu#ation No "reach or vio#ation of the rihts has yet occurred =ud!ent or fina# order has "een rendered "y the 1OMELE1 or the 1OA Arieved party *ants the jud!ent or fina# order revie*ed "y a hiher court $ertiorari: Any tri"una#% "oard or officer e4ercisin judicia# or )uasi judicia# functions has rendered jud!ent Such tri"una#% etc( has acted *ithout or in e4cess of its jurisdiction Prohibition: Proceedins in a tri"una#% corporation% "oard% officer or person e4ercisin judicia#% )uasi judicia# or !inisteria# functions are conducted *ithout or in e4cess of its jurisdiction Mandamus: +hen any tri"una#% corporation% "oard% officer or person un#a*fu##y ne#ects perfor!ance of an act *hich the #a* specifica##y enjoins 1o!!on re)uisite: There is no appea# or any p#ain% speedy% and ade)uate re!edy in the ordinary course of #a* A person usurps% intrudes into% or un#a*fu##y ho#ds or e4ercises office% position% or franchise A pu"#ic officer does or suffers an act *hich% "y the provision of #a*% constitutes a round for the forfeiture of his office0 An association acts as a corporation *ithin the Phi#ippines *ithout "ein #ea##y incorporated or *ithout #a*fu# authority so to act Property o*ned "y a private party Ta5in "y overn!ent for pu"#ic use =ust co!pensation A person o*es another a #oan Loan is secured "y !ortae of rea# property De"tor defau#ted in pay!ent .ina# de!and has "een !ade Rea# property is o*ned "y severa# persons Person c#ai!in riht to the property does not *ant co6 o*nership to continue A person enjoys #a*fu# possession of the property Another person ac)uires possession of the sa!e property "y force% inti!idation% threat% stratey or stea#th A person #a*fu##y ta5es possession of the #and at the "einnin Such #a*fu# possession has ended A de!and to vacate has "een !ade Direct conte!pt: A person "ehaved i!proper#y in the presence or so near a court Such !is"ehavior o"structed or interrupted court proceedins Indirect conte!pt: Mis"ehavior in perfor!ance of officia# functions Diso"e6 dience to #a*fu# court orders A"use or un#a*fu# interference *ith court processes I!proper conduct *hich tends to i!pede ad!inistratio n of justice Pretendin to "e a #a*yer or officer .ai#ure to o"ey su"poena & Procedure $( 1o!p#aint is fi#ed 7( Su!!ons served upon parties ;( Parties fi#es !otion to dis!iss or ans*ers the co!p#aint <( Pre6tria# &( 1ourt deter!ines parties/ respective rihts and adjudicate their severa# c#ai!s Note: Doc5et fees paid "y co!p#ainant constitute a #ien upon su"ject !atter of the action $( Action is "rouht "efore appropriate RT1 7( A## persons affected !ade parties ;( Notice to So# >en if va#idity of a statue% e4ecutive order or reu#ation of any other overn!enta# reu#ation is invo#ved <( Notice to prosecutor or attorney of L>? if invo#vin va#idity of a #oca# ordinance &( 1ourt acts on app#ication @( If durin pendency of action there occurs "reach or vio#ation% action is converted into an ordinary action $( $A copies of verified petition sha## "e fi#ed *ithin ;8 days fro! notice of the jud!ent or fina# order 7( If !otion for ne* tria# or recon6sideration is a##o*ed% period to fi#e petition is interrupted( If !otion is denied% petition sha## "e fi#ed *ithin re!ainin period% in no case #ess than & days( ;( Pay doc5et and other #a*fu# fees and deposit of P&88 for costs <( S1 either orders respon6dents to fi#e their co!!ent if it finds petition sufficient in for! and su"stance or dis!isses the petition if it *as fi#ed !anifest#y for de#ay or the )uestions raised are too unsu"stantia# &( Respondents fi#e co!!ent @( S1 either sets case for ora# aru!ent or re)uires su"!ission of !e!oranda or decides the case "ased on su"!it6ted docu!ents $( Petition !ust "e fi#ed *ithin @8 days fro! notice of jud!ent 7( 1ourt orders respondents to fi#e co!!ent *ithin $8 days fro! receipt of order ;( 1ourt !ay order fi#in of rep#y or other responsive p#eadins <( 1ourt !ay hear the case or re)uire parties to su"!it !e!oranda &( 1ourt either rants petition or dis!isses the sa!e if it finds the sa!e to "e patent#y *ithout !erit% prosecuted !anifest#y for de#ay% or that the )uestions raised are too insu"stantia# to re)uire consideration @( 1ertified copy of jud!ent is served upon the court% )uasi6judicia# aency% tri"una#% corporation% "oard% officer or person and diso"edience thereto sha## "e punished as conte!pt( $( Verified petition in the na!e of the RP is fi#ed 2Person c#ai!in to "e entit#ed to a pu"#ic office or position usurped "y another !ay "rin action in his o*n na!e3 7( Person at *hose instance the petition is "rouht pays costs and e4penses ;( Respondent is notified <( 1ourt !ay reduce periods for fi#in p#eadins to secure !ost e4peditious deter!ination of !atters invo#ved in the action &( =ud!ent is rendered( 1ourt !ay render jud!ent for costs aainst petitioner% re#ator or person,s c#ai!in to "e a corporation @( Person adjuded entit#ed to pu"#ic office !ay de!and of the respondent to de#iver a## "oo5s and papers to hi! $( Verified co!p#aint fi#ed% statin riht and purpose of e4propriation 7( Persons o*nin or c#ai!in to o*n any interest pertainin to the property !ust "e joined as defendants ;( P#aintiff !ay enter property after fi#in co!p#aint and depositin *ith a overn!ent depositary a!ount e)uiva#ent to assessed va#ue of property <( Defendants a##o*ed to fi#e o"jections &( 1ourt ru#es on the issue of e4propriation% rantin or denyin the sa!e @( If e4propriation is ranted% court appoints not !ore than ; co!!issioners '( O"jections to appoint!ent of co!!issioners !ay "e fi#ed *ithin ten days fro! service A( 1o!!issioners ta5e oath "efore assu!in function B( 1o!!issioners ascertain and report the just co!pensation for the property $8( 1#er5 of court serves copies of co!!issioners/ report to a## interested parties $$( Interested parties a##o*ed to fi#e o"jections *ithin ten days $7( 1ourt renders jud!ent on the issue of just co!pensation $;( =ud!ent is recorded in reistry of property $( 1o!p#aint fi#ed 7( 1ourt ascertaines a!ount due to p#aintiff and renders jud!ent orderin defendant to pay *ithin a *ithin a period not #ess than B8 days "ut not !ore than $78 days ;( If defendant fai#s to pay% forec#osure sa#e ensues <( 1osts deducted fro! proceeds of sa#e% !ortaee paid a!ount due0 if there is e4cess in the proceeds% sa!e is turned over to !ortaor &( If proceeds of sa#e is not sufficient to cover entire inde"tedness% deficiency jud!ent is rendered: e4ecution i!!ediate#y issues if *ho#e de"t is due% other*ise% !ortaor entit#ed to e4ecution upon oriina# ter!s of the contract @( 1ertified copy of fina# order confir!in the sa#e is reistered in the reistry of deeds =urisdiction RT1 RT1 S1 S1% 1A% RT1% Sandian"ayan S1% 1A% RT1 @