Post tension in bridge Post tension in bridge Post tension in bridge Post tension in bridge

structures structures structures structures

Author: Engineer Jankowski Tadeusz
Leader: Associate Professor Gi ejowski Marian
Warsaw Universit of Techno!og
"e#art$ent of %ivi! Engineering
&nstitute of 'oad and (ridges
Warsaw )*+,
Master "i#!o$a -e$inar in .oreign Language
Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. The purpose of prestressing
2. General principles of theory
3. Classical designing of tension
4. Continous beam without friction e=const
5. Example of stressed slab
6. Technical details
7. Beam and parabola
8. Friction looses
9. Influence line M=1 for beam
10. Influence line M=1 for 2 spans
11. Construction for example in Poland
12. Constructions for examples abroad


1 11 1
The purpose of prestressing The purpose of prestressing The purpose of prestressing The purpose of prestressing
Change the tension situation in element (beam, shield, plate or shell).
Designer should completely remove the stretching under the load
combination: dead weight + stress.
Building long span beams made of concrete cheap and strong material.
Spans can be as long as trusses.
To master forces in the construction to designer's will.
To reduce costs. Post tensioned beam are 40-50% cheaper than integrated
steel and concrete
Stressing concrete gains the economical advantages in volume of concrete
(up to 30%) and reinforcement steel (up to 70%) Betonowe konstrukcje
sprone Kalikst Grabiec, Jerzy Kampioni PWN
Conception and realisation of tensioned structures is to form the
internal forces and moments situation inside the structure. Designer
of reinforced concrete must take the geometrical parameters only.


2 22 2
General principles of theory General principles of theory General principles of theory General principles of theory
Differential equation of a beam
Constant cross section and material
Parametric cross section and material
Equation of perpendicular (to beam axis) load from the cable
It is not so simple!
Where is friction and forces at the ends?
Parabolic path
Classic method of analysing tension in cross section
Compression of concrete
Infinite small part of beam
Stretching
of steel
Excentricity of the cable
Compression
Stretching
3
Classical designing of tension


4 4 4 4
Continous Continous Continous Continous
Beam without Beam without Beam without Beam without
friction friction friction friction
e=const e=const e=const e=const
Bending moments
Shear forces
Axial forces
! "#ample of stressed slab ! "#ample of stressed slab ! "#ample of stressed slab ! "#ample of stressed slab


$! Technical details $! Technical details $! Technical details $! Technical details
Stressing steel
Reinforcing steel


Beam with two hinges:
- constant cross section
- parabolic path of the cable
- without friction
Questions from situation:
How cable loads the concrete?
Is it possible to change the
parabolic path to cylindrical
path and calculate load on the
concrete with friction looses?
Are friction interactions
advantages or disadvantages?
Why disadvantages?
Styczna - tangent
%
beam and
parabola


& && &
'riction looses 'riction looses 'riction looses 'riction looses
Function of stretching in the cable depands from the angle of the circle path
Angle given in radians
Important in mechanical industry
Differential equation of
equilibrium on cylindrical
surface and rope over it.
Leonhard Euler is an
author of the solution
Reactions are contans
(
)nfluence line
*=1 for beam


Basic system: continous beam
System of simple beams force method.
Areas
Values
1+
)nfluence
line for
2 spans


11 11 11 11
Construction for e#ample in Poland Construction for e#ample in Poland Construction for e#ample in Poland Construction for e#ample in Poland

H=7.5m above support

H=3.1m in span

Cables 19 wires x150mm2:

518 tons

Cables for M<0

are in upper plate
of box cross section.

Route of final cables through whole construction is designed as path of

extreme stretching tension from dead weight in concrete.

Bridge over Bug in Wyszkow

80m+136m+80m made by
cantilevering method.


12 Construction for e#ample abroad 12 Construction for e#ample abroad 12 Construction for e#ample abroad 12 Construction for e#ample abroad
Motorway A1 in Italy Lofots bridges in Norway
Raftsund bridge in Norway
Lavant bridge in Austria
Than, you for your attention Than, you for your attention Than, you for your attention Than, you for your attention