RANGANATHAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

THONDAMUTHUR - COIMBATORE
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS QUESTION BANK
UNIT- I
1. Convert (28)10 into binary.

2. Define Fan IN and Fan Out.
Fan in: The number of inputs connected to the gate without
degradation in the voltage levels.
Fan out: The maximum number of similar logic gates that a gate
can drive without any
degradation in voltage levels.
3. Convert (175)8 into decimal.

(175)
8
= (125)
10

4. State De-Morgans law.
first law: The complement of sum of the variables is equal to
the product of their complements.



second law: The complement of product of the variables is
equal to the sum of their complements.

5. Define tristate gate.
It exhibits 3 possible output state conditions. There are 0, 1 &
high impedance (z) state.

C = Control input

6. What is the basic gate of CMOS logic?
NAND gate is the basic gate of CMOS logic.


7. What are the different number systems used?
Binary number system
Octal number system
Decimal number system
Hexadecimal number system
8. Simplify the expression by using Boolean techniques





9. What are weights of hexadecimal and decimal numbers?
Decimal number system:

Number: 2 6 5 9 . 1 5
Weight of : 10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
. 10
-1
10
-2
each digit
Hexadecimal number system:

Number: 8 A B 5 . C 9
Weight of : 16
3
16
2
16
1
16
0
. 16
-1
16
-2
each digit
10. Convert 111011101.1011101 to its equivalent octal number.
111 011 101 . 101 110 100
7 3 5 5 6 4
=735.5648
11. What is the value of A+A=1 and A.A= ?
A+A=1
A.A=0
12. What is karnaugh map?
A karnaugh map is a visual display of the fundamental products
needed for a sum of products solution. By using this map we can
easily simplify the Boolean equations in sum of product form.
13. Which gate is called universal logic gate?


NAND gate and NOR gate as universal logic gate.
14. Draw the symbol of AND gate.



15. Draw the symbol of NOR gate.

Refer question number 14


16. Draw the symbol of Ex-OR gate.

Refer question number 14




17. Mention the law of Boolean algebra.
Commutative law
Associative law
Distributive law
18. Define speed of operation.
The time difference between the application of input and
appearance of output is also called as propagation delay.
The speed of operation of an IC is expressed in terms of
propagation delay.
19. What is positive logic and negative logic?
Positive logic means that 1 stands for the most positive of two
voltage levels. In this logic 1=High=True and 0=Low=False.
Negative logic means that 1stands for the most negative of the
two voltage level. In this logic 0=High=False and 1=Low=True.
20. Draw the symbol and truth table of Ex-NOR gate.




21. Why is the NAND gate called universal logic gate?
Because we can construct any other gates by using NAND gate.
The De-morgans theorem is very much used for forming any
other gates by using only universal gates.








22. Construct OR gate by using only NOR gate.



UNIT- II
1. Define arithmetic circuits?
A logic circuit, which is used to perform arithmetic functions
like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, is called
arithmetic circuit.
Example: Half adder.
2. State MUX & DE-MUX?
MUX: Multiplexer,
A Multiplexer is a digital circuit which contains many
input lines and only one output line.
DE-MUX: De-multiplexer,
A de-multiplexer is a digital circuit with one input and
many outputs.
3. Draw pattern of seven segment LED displays.



4. Calculate 1s complement of 01101110
1s complement of 01101110=10010001
5. Specify the 2s complement of 11100111 of binary number.
1s complement = 00011000
2s complement = 00011000
1

00011001
6. How many address lines are in 1to 16 demultiplexer?
4 address lines are in 1 to 16 DeMux.
7. What is the result of 1+1 in binary addition?
1+1=10, with a carry of 1, and sum=0.
This 10 is a binary number, not called as ten.0 is called carry
and 1 is called sum.
8. What is the result of 0-1 in binary subtraction?
0-1=1with a borrow one from the next highest column (10-1=1)
9. What is half adder?
A logic circuit which is used for adding two single bit binary
numbers is called half adder.
10. Draw half adder.




11. What is full adder?
A logic circuit which is used for adding three single bit binary
numbers is called half adder.
12. What is half subtractor?
A logic circuit which is used for subtracting one single bit
binary number from another single bit binary number is called half
subtractor
13. What is full subtractor?
A logic circuit which is used for subtracting three single bit
binary numbers it is called full subtractor
14. What is encoder?
An encoder converts an active input signal into a coded output
signal. In encoders the number of output line is less than the
number of input lines.
15. What is decoder?
Decoder is similar to demultiplexer, with one exception
that there is no data input.
It contains less number of input lines and more number of
output lines.
16. Define multiplexer.


A multiplexer is a digital circuit which contains many input lines
and only one output line. The number of address input lines
depends on the number of input lines.
17. Define demultiplexer.
A Demultiplexer is a digital combinational circuit with one input
and many outputs. The number of address lines depends on the
number of output lines.
18. Define Propagation delay.
The time difference between the application of input and
appearance of output is also called as propagation delay.
19. How many input lines are in 1of 8 multiplexer?
3 input lines are in 1 of 8 multiplexer.
20. Define is parity bit.
An extra bit used to identify the transmission data errors. A
parity bit 0 or 1 is usually transmitted along with the original
bits (information or data).
21. Define Odd parity.
We will add an extra bit on the left side of the information, total
number of bits is odd it is called odd parity.Eg:001101000
22. Define even parity.
We will add an extra bit on the left side of the information, total
number of bits is even it is called odd parity.Eg:101101000







UNIT- III
1. Define the term toggling condition?
In high level triggered JKFF, when J=1, K=1 and clock =1,the
output will toggle continuously.
It means, 1 changes to 0,
0 changes to 1, continuously.
2. What is MOD N counter?
A counter, which is reset (makes the whole output as zeros) at
the n
th
clock pulse is called MOD N counter or divide by n
th

counter.
3. Define ring counter.
Ring counter is the simplest form of shift register counter. It is
basically a circulating shift register.
4. Define combinational circuit.
In combinational logic circuits, the outputs depends upon only
its present input conditions.
E.g.: Half adder
5. Define flip-flop.
Flip flop is a bistable logic element with one of more inputs
and two outputs.
A flip flop can store one bit of binary data as 1 or 0.
6. State level triggering in flip-flops.


The clock input triggers the flip flop when the clock pulse goes
high .it is called level triggering.
Ex: CSR F/F
7. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous.
S.No. Asynchronous Synchronous

1.


2.



3.

System clock pulse is
applied to first FF
only.

Except the first FF,
remaining all FFs
are triggered by
the output of
previous FFs.

The FFs are
triggered one by
one.



System clock pulse
is applied to all FF
only.

All FFs are
triggered by the
system clock
pulse.


All the FFs are
triggered
simultaneously.

8. what are the modes available in shift register?
Serial In - Serial Out (SISO)
Serial In - Parallel Out (SIPO)
Parallel In - Serial Out (PISO)
Parallel In - Parallel Out (PIPO)


9. What are the output conditions that exit in flip-flops?
No change


Set
Reset
Toggle
10. Mention any three types of flip-flops?
SR flip-flop
JK flip-flop
T flip-flop
D flip-flop
CSR flip-flop
11. How is the race around condition avoided in flip-flops?
It is avoided when tp< < T, by using edge triggered flip-flops.
12. Which FF can be directly acted as divided by 2 counter?
T flip-flop contains two inputs and two outputs. The T flip-flop is
known as divide by 2 counter.
13. What is counter?
Counter is one of the most powerful subsystems in a digital
system. A counter is generally driven by a clock signal.
14. What are the flip-flops used in ripple counter?
JKMS flip-flops are used in ripple counter.
15. What is the other name of mod 10 counter?
mod 10 counter is also called as divide by 10 counter.
16. How many flip-flops are needed for constructing mod 6
counter?


There are 3 flip-flops are needed for constructing mod 6
counter.
17. How is the clock pulse applied in synchronous counter?
In this counter, the clock pulse is applied to all flip-flops
simultaneously.
18. What is serial in parallel out in shift register?
In this configuration the write operation is in serial form and
read operation is in parallel form.
19. How many input and output terminals are needed in SISO
shift register?
Data input
Clock input
Data output
20. What is sequential circuit?
In sequential logic circuit, whose output depends not only on
the present inputs, but also depends on the previous outputs.



UNIT- IV
1. Mention the types of memory?
Sequentially accessed memory.
Read & Write memory (or) Random access memory(RAM).
Read only memory (ROM).


Content addressable memory (CAM).
2. Expand DDR RAM.
Double data rate synchronous dynamic Random Access
Memory.
3. How many 8K memory is needed for creating 16K memory.
2 - 8K memory is needed for creating 16K memory.
4. Differentiate ROM & PROM.
S.No. ROM PROM

1.







It is programmed at
the time of
manufacturing
which cannot be
changed after
packaging.

Which is
programmed
only once by the
user. The
informations
cannot be
changed after
programming.

5. What is volatile memory?
If the information stored in a memory is lost. When electrical
power is switched off, the memory is called volatile memory. E.g.:
RAM
6. What important component is used for fabricating bipolar
RAM cell?
(TTL, ECL)
Bipolar transistor
MOS transistor
7. Define dynamic RAM.


Dynamic is also called as DRAM.
It stores data as charges on the capacitors.
To periodically refresh the data by recharging the
capacitors at regular intervals.
8. Expand EPROM.
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
9. Differentiate static and dynamic memory.
S.
no
Description DRAM SRAM
1 density high low
2 Memory
capacity
high low
3 size small large
4 Basic
element
capacitor Flip-flop


10. What is SD RAM?
SD RAM means Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory,
which is a type of solid state computer memory.
11. What is antifuse?
An antifuse is an electrical device that performs the opposite
function of a fuse.
12. Define flash memory.
Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can
be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
UNIT- V


1. Define Microprocessor.
Microprocessor is a single chip integrated circuit. It is a
digital device working with binary numbers 0 and 1.
It contains arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control circuitry and
a small amount of memory.
2. Define CPU.
Central processing unit works as the heart of the computer. It
contains arithmetic logic unit, some registers and control
circuits.
3. What is Bit and Byte?
Bit is a binary digit 0 or 1.
Byte is a combination of 8 bits.
4. Define peripherals.
I/O devices connected to microprocessor are known as
peripherals. Sometimes memory may be treated as peripherals.
5. What is mnemonic?
Mnemonic is a combination of a alphabet, understand the
operation by the users.
6. What is assembler?
Assembler is a program used for converting assembly language
into machine language.
7. Define ALU.
Arithmetic and logic unit performs arithmetic operations
such as addition, subtraction etc., and logic operations
such as AND, OR, Ex-OR etc,.
The contents of accumulator and temporary register are
the inputs to ALU.
8. What is program counter?
The Program counter is a 16 bit register.


This register is a memory pointer.
This holds the address where the next instruction is to be
executed.

9. What is a POP instruction?
Data bytes can be transferred from the stack to respective
registers by using the instruction POP.
When the data bytes are retrieved, the address is
incremented by two.
10. State machine cycle?
Certain number of clock cycles is required to execute an
instruction.
This clock cycles are called machine cycles.
Eg; opcode fetch, memory read, memory write, I/O read, I/O
write.
11. Define interrupt signal.
Interrupts are control signals coming from the peripherals, for
the immediate attention of the microprocessor.
TYPES: TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, INTR
12. State PSW register.
PSW: Program Status Word
Many instructions implicitly or explicitly affect (or are
affected by) several status flags, which are grouped together
to form the PSW.
13. Write (list) addressing modes?
Direct addressing mode.


Register addressing mode.
Register indirect addressing mode.
Immediate addressing mode.
Implicit addressing mode.
14. Write control and status signals?
Control signals- RD,WR,INTA,
Status signals-IO/M, s1, s0.
15. Define instruction cycle.
Instruction cycle is the time required for the microprocessor to
complete the execution of an instruction.
16. Define accumulator.
It is an 8-bit register. It can be also called register A.
One of the operands for doing arithmetic and logic function
should be placed in accumulator.
It stores the result of an operation performed by ALU.
The input and output devices only exchange the data with
accumulator.
17. Define memory mapped I/O
The microprocessor unit uses 16 bit address lines to
identify an I/O device.
An I/O device is connected as if it is a memory register.
This known as memory mapped I/O.
18. How many machines cycles are needed for executing LDA
instruction?
To execute this instruction the microprocessor requires four
machine cycles with 13 T states.
19. Which interrupt has the highest priority?


TRAP is a non-maskable interrupt. It has the highest priority
level.
20. How many interrupt signals are placed in 8085?
8085 has five hardware interrupts. They are,
TRAP
RST 7.5
RST 6.5
RST 5.5
INTR
21. What is timing diagram?
The timing diagram of an instruction is obtained by drawing the
timing diagrams of the machine cycles of that instruction, one by
one in the order of execution.