Therapeutic Diet

Normal diet that is modified to treat or cure

diseases; Therapeutic = treat or cure
Diet
food or beverages ingested for a special reason

Dietitian
specialist in dietetics
performs therapeutic and preventive roles
works with both ill and healthy people

Nutritionist
science or practice of utilizing foods
Nutritionist a specialist in the study of nutrition
concerned with the study of nutrients, how
nutrients are used in the body and relationship
between diet, health, and disease.


TYPES OF BASIC AND THERAPEUTIC DIETS

1. Regular / Standard / House Diet
for patients who doesnt have special needs or dietary modification
Omitted: foods that produce flatus (cabbage), highly seasoned, and fried foods

2. Diet as Tolerated (DAT)
when patients appetite, ability to eat, and tolerance for food may change
ex. 1
st
post op day patient may be given clear liquid. If no nausea occurs, normal intestinal motility returned
(active bowel sounds, passes gas, and feels like eating) diet may be advanced to full liquid or regular diet

3. Cold Liquid Diet or T & A Diet
Purposes: Blood Clotting
o Post tonsillectomy
o Post thyroidectomy
o Post adenoidectomy
o Post dental extraction
Cold Foods allowed
o Plain ice cream (vanilla)
o Sherbet
o Cold milk
o Cold Traditional Iced Tea

4. Liquid Diets
CLEAR LIQUID FULL LIQUID
Purpose Initial diet after complete bowel rest to:
o prevent and correct dehydration
o relieve thirst
o minimize gastric stimulation
Provides fluid and carbohydrates (sugar)
Short term diet for 24 36 hrs
Indications:
o post surgery
o acute inflammatory of GIT (diarrhea,
gastroenteritis, pancreatitis)
o burns and illness
Intermediate diet between clear liquid & soft diet
Foods that melt or liquefy at body temp
To provide additional calories to clients who are
unable to tolerate solid foods.
Indications
o unable to tolerate solid or semi-solid foods
o GIT disturbances
o burns and illness



Foods
allowed
water, coffee (decaf/regular), tea
carbonated drinks
fat free strained bouillon or broth (soup stock)
clear or diluted fruit juices (apple, grape,
cranberry)
popsicles
gelatin
hard candy
all in clear liquid diet
milk and milk drinks
eggs (in pudding and custards)
plain ice cream, sherbet
yogurt
orange juice
vegetable juices
cream, butter, margarine, smooth peanut butter
strained cream soups
Foods not
allowed
Dairy products and milk
Fruit juices with pulp





5. Modified Consistency Diets
SOFT DIET PUREED DIET
Purpose diet after full liquid
easily chewed and digested
low residue or low fiber diet

Indications
o chewing and swallowing difficulties
o stroke patient
o mandibular fractures, broken jaw
Modification of soft diet
Any food that is added with water and blended to
produce a semi-solid consistency
To supply nutrition to clients with NGT or
gastrostomy tubes (osterized feeding food is
placed into a sterile bottle and discarded after
24hrs)

Indications
o mobility or refused food as obstruction of
esophagus
o Anorexia nervosa
o Severe burns
o Comatose

Foods
allowed
all foods in liquid diet
lean, tender, cooked, minced ground meat,
poultry, and fish (chopped / shredded)
scrambled egg, omelet, poached eggs, cottage
cheese, and mild cheeses
low fiber fruits without skin and seeds (banana,
mango, sectioned orange, papaya)
low fiber cooked chopped vegetables (mashed
potato, carrots, chayote, squash)
Rice, Pasta, soft bread, soft cake, bread pudding
pureed and blended foods
Foods not
allowed
long fibers, hard fried foods, highly seasoned, foods
with skin/nuts/seeds, raw and gas forming fruits and
vegetables (apple, beans, cabbage, celery, onions,
cherries, coconut, egg plant, melons, onions, wheat)


6. Content Modified Diets
High Fiber or High Residue Sodium Restricted Diabetic Diet
Purpose To prevent and treat
constipation and
diverticulitis
To treat cardiovascular, renal,
and liver disorder
To control blood sugar level
Diet varies with individual,
severity of diseases type and
extent of insulin therapy
received.
Foods
allowed
fruits (apples, oranges)
vegetables (broccoli,
carrots, corn)
whole grain (cereals,
wheat, grain)
Fresh fruits and vegetables
NO CANNED products, seafoods,
and dairy products
Balanced diet
Use dietary list exchange
o 1 cup rice = 1 half
burger
o 1 egg = cottage
cheese
o 1 tsp margarine = 2 tsp
mayonaise

7. Electrolyte Reinforced Diets
High Potassium High Calcium High Phosphorous
Purpose To maintain skeletal and
cardiac muscle activity
To provide rigidity and structure
to bones
To treat hypophosphotemia

Foods
allowed
Coffee
Milk
Meat
Fruits (banana,
cantaloupe, avocado,
raisins, strawberry)
Vegetables
Dairy and milk products
Green leafy vegetables
Small fish with bones
Tuna
Sardines

Soft drinks
Chocolate
Milk

8. Bland Diet
Diet to allow stomach lining to heal (doesnt stimulate gastric secretion)
Indications
o diarrhea
o indigestion
o gastritis
o gall bladder disease
o ulcer
Foods Allowed
o mild flavour
o soft and smooth in texture
Not Allowed
o Fibrous, hard meats, herbs and spices, coffee, tea, citrus fruits, very hot and cold beverages
o strong flavoured vegetables (cabbage, onion, leek, cauliflower, turnip)

9. Candidiasis Diet
Free of:
o Fruits
o Fermented Foods
o Sugar
o Yeast

10. Acid Ash Diet
To alkalinize urine
To soothe irritated bladder or urethra
Foods: Citrus fruits and vegetables
Not Allowed: Prune juice and cranberry juice (both produce acidic urine)

11. Ash Acid Diet
For UTI to acidify urine
Give protein, meat, poultry

12. Culture Related Diets (Religion and Their Dietary Practices)

HALAL KOSHER VEGAN
Purpose To maintain
dietary
requirements
of Muslim
Clients
(Islamic)
To maintain
dietary
requirements of
Jewish Clients
(Judaism/Jewish
Faith)
To maintain
dietary
requirements of
Seventh Day
Adventist
Clients
Baptist Mormons
(The Church
of Jesus
Christ of the
latter day
saint)
Protestants
(Greek
Orthodox)
Roman
Catholic
Foods No pork
No gelatin
No alcohol
Kosher foods
cant be
prepared using
the utensils that
was prepared in
a non kosher
food

Milk and meat
are not eaten
together but
may be eaten 6
12 hrs apart
Full Vegetarian
diet

May lead to
VB12 deficiency

No coffee,
alcohol, tea,


No Coffee,
Alcohol, Tea
No Coffee,
Alcohol, Tea

No pork
No dairy
Products and
meat during
Fasting
Fasting
before
communion
and during
Holy Week


Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Far East Rice and Tea
Scandinavians All fishes
Americans Fast Food, Meat Group, Processed Food (frozen or canned)
Italians Pasta (Spaghetti, Lasagna, Fettuccine, etc)
Hispanic Tomatoes, Tacos, Burritos