PARISUTHAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &

SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
COURSE FILE
EC2404- Electronic System Design Lab
Content:
Aim
Objective
Syllabus
Session plan
Viva voce
URLs
Applications

Prepared by,
Jayaseelan.J., M.E
AP/ECE

Aim:
To create the project atmosphere to the students and to
make them as a system Designers

Objective:
To make students strong enough in the design of PCB
Layout

To provide knowledge about various simulation tools


To create an environment for designing automated systems







List of Experiments
1. Design of a 4-20mA transmitter for a bridge type transducer.
Design the Instrumentation amplifier with the bridge type transducer (Thermistor or any
resistance variation transducers) and convert the amplified voltage from the instrumentation
amplifier to 4 20 mA current using op-amp. Plot the variation of the temperature Vs output
current.
2. Design of AC/DC voltage regulator using SCR.
Design a phase controlled voltage regulator using full wave rectifier and SCR, vary the
conduction angle and plot the output voltage.
3. Design of process control timer.
Design a sequential timer to switch on & off at least 3 relays in a particular sequence using
timer IC.
4. Design of AM / FM modulator / demodulator.
i. Design AM signal using multiplier IC for the given carrier frequency and modulation
index and demodulate the AM signal using envelope detector.
ii. Design FM signal using VCO IC NE566 for the given carrier frequency and demodulate
the same using PLL NE 565.
5. Design of Wireless data modem.
Design a FSK modulator using 555/XR 2206 and convert it to sine wave using filter and
transmit the same using IR LED and demodulate the same PLL NE 565/XR 2212.
6. PCB layout design using CAD.
Drawing the schematic of simple electronic circuit and design of PCB layout using CAD.
7. Microcontroller based systems design.
Design of microcontroller based system for simple applications like security systems
combination lock.
8. DSP based system design.
Design a DSP based system for echo cancellation, using TMS/ADSP DSP kit.
9. Psuedo-random Sequence Generator.
10. Arithmetic Logic Unit Design.



Session plan
Session.
No
Batch
1
Ex.
No
Batch
2
Ex.
No
Batch
3
Ex.
No
Batch
4
Ex.
No
Batch
5
Ex.
No
Batch
6
Ex.
No
Batch
7
Ex.
No
Batch
8
Ex.
No
Batch
9
Ex.
No
Batch
10
Ex.
No
Cycle I
1
Introduction
2 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9 9
3 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3
4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2
5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1
6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
7 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
Cycle II
8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
9 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
10 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6
11 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1
12 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
13 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
14 Model Practical Exam










S. No Title
Cross reference
as per syllabus
1 Introduction
2
Design of AC voltage regulator using SCR.
2
3
Design of DC voltage regulator using SCR.
2
4
Design of process control timer.
3
5
Design of AM modulator / demodulator
4
6
Design of Wireless data modem.
5
7
Microcontroller based systems design
9
8
Arithmetic Logic Unit Design
10
9
Pseudo-random Sequence Generator
7
10
PCB layout design using CAD
6
11
Design of FM modulator / demodulator
4
12
DSP based system design
8
13 Design of a 4-20mA transmitter for a bridge type transducer 1
14 Model Practical Exam







LIST OF EQUIPMENTS:

1) Dual Power supply 15V
Ammeter (Multimeter)
Temperature Measurement Transducer
2) Power Supply (for IC 555)
Relays
Indicator LEDs
3) System with ARCAD Software
4) TMS320C5416 (with CCS) and system, speaker
5) 8051 based Trainer kit, and system with interfaces like ADC, DAC, Keyboard and
display
6) CRO
7) Function Generator
8) Regulated Power supply [0-30V)-10, 5V-2
9) Transistors and Diodes 2N3055, BFW10, BC547, BT012, IN4007, CED, SL100
10) ICs IC741, IC7414, IC555, IC7805, IC7474, IC7107
11) Resistors 5.6K, 56K, 9K, 22K, 100K, 27
12) Capacitors 0.1f, 100f, 50f, 10nf,47nf
13) 8 Speaker






Viva voce:
Experiment no: 1

1. A balance beam scale uses which of the following units?

a. grams
b .pounds
c. ounces
d. kilograms

2. Which of the following would be about the height of the average doorway?

a. 2 meters
b. 2 centimeters
c. 2 millimeters
d. 2 kilometers

3. A series dissipative regulator is an example of a:

a. linear regulator
b. switching regulator
c. shunt regulator
d. dc-to-dc converter

4. Which of the following is a unit of mass in the metric system?

a. gram
b. milliliter
c. centimeter
d. pounds


5. What device is similar to an RTD but has a negative temperature coefficient?

a. Strain gauge
b. Thermistor
c. Negative-type RTD
d. Thermocouple


6. The resistive change of a strain gauge

a. is based on the weight placed upon it, but can be many thousands of ohms
b. is usually no more than 100 omega.
c. is based on the gauge factor, but is typically less than an ohm
d. has a positive temperature coefficient



7. The output voltage of a typical thermocouple is

a. Less than 100 mV
b. Greater than 1 V
c. Thermocouples vary resistance, not voltage.
d. None of the above

8. The connections to a thermocouple

a. Can produce an unwanted thermocouple effect, which must be compensated for
b. Produce an extra desirable thermocouple effect
c. Must be protected, since high voltages are present
d. Produce an extra desirable thermocouple effect and must be protected, since high
voltages are present

9. What is the zero-voltage switch used for?

a. To reduce radiation of high frequencies during turn-on of a high current to a load
b. To control low-voltage circuits
c. To provide power to a circuit when power is lost
d. For extremely low-voltage applications

10. Temperature sensing can be achieved by the use of

a. Thermocouples
b. RTDs
c. thermistors
d. All of the above

11. The purpose of compensation for a thermocouple is

a. to decrease temperature sensitivity
b. to increase voltage output
c. to cancel unwanted voltage output of a thermocouple
d. used for high-temperature circuits

12. The change in value of an analog signal during the conversion process produces what is
called the

a. Quantization error
b. Resolution error
c. Nyquist error
d. Sampling error
13. Which of the following performance specifications applies to a sample-and-hold circuit?

a. Aperture time
b. Aperture droop
c. Feedback
d. Acquisition jitter

14. RTDs are typically connected with other fixed resistors

a. In a pi configuration
b. In a bridge configuration
c. And variable resistors
d. And capacitors in a filter-type circuit

15. Holding current for an SCR is best described as

a. The minimum current required for turn-off
b. The current required before an SCR will turn on
c. The amount of current required to maintain conduction
d. The gate current required maintaining conduction

16. What is the moving part of a linear variable differential transformer?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Diaphragm
d. Core

17. What does a Hall Effect sensor sense?

a. Temperature
b. Moisture
c. Magnetic fields
d. Pressure



18. What causes the piezoelectric effect?

a. Heat or dissimilar metals
b. Pressure on a crystal
c. Water running on iron
d. A magnetic field




19. What type of application would use a photovoltaic cell?

a. An automobile horn
b. A TI 92 calculator
c. A magnetic field detector
d. A remote power source

20. Which is the seven-segment display?












21. A transducer's function is to:

a. Transmit electrical energy
b. Convert energy
c. Produce mechanical energy
d. Prevent current flow

22. Derived units are obtained from various combinations of

a. Electrical quantities
b. Fundamental units
c. Metric prefixes
d. International standards

23. Scientific notation is a method

a. of expressing a very large number
b. of expressing a very small number
c. used to make calculations with large and small numbers
d. All of the above

24. If you drop a 5 when rounding a number, you are using the

a. round-to-even rule
b. significant digit rule
c. round-off rule
d. retained digit rule


25. A measure of the repeatability of a measurement of some quantity is

a. error
b. precision
c. accuracy
d. significant

26. Another name for "fundamental units" is

a. base units
b. atoms
c. the metric system
d. letter symbols

27. When using the terms "accuracy" and "precision" for measurements

a. "precision" implies less measurement error than "accuracy"
b. "accuracy" implies less measurement error than "precision"
c. "precision" measures the repeatability of a measurement
d. both terms mean the same thing

28. The difference between scientific and engineering notation is

a. powers of ten representation
b. single vs. multiple digits before decimal point
c. groupings of multiples of three digits
d. All of the above

29. The digits in a measured number that are known to be correct are called

a. accuracy digits
b. significant digits
c. error digits
d. precision digits


30. Pico is what relation to micro?

a. one-tenth
b. one-hundredth
c. one-thousandth
d. one-millionth




31. Four terminal resistors are used for resistance values

a. Greater than 10 ohm
b. Greater than 1 ohm
c. Less than 1 ohm
d. Of the order of 1M ohm

32. The condition for a resistor to have the same value of resistance at medium frequencies is as
with D.C. is

a. CR =L
b. CR =2L
c. CR =WL
d. CR =2WL

33. Permeability is the inverse equivalent of which electrical term?

a. Voltage
b. Current
c. Resistance
d. Conductance

34. What is the flux density of a magnetic field whose flux is 3000 Wb and cross-sectional area
is 0.25 m ?

a. 12,000 T
b. 83,330 T
c. 0 T
d. More information is needed in order to find flux density.

35. How much flux is there in a magnetic field when its flux density is 5000 mu.gifT and its
cross-sectional area is 300 mm ?

a. 16.67 m Wb
b. 5.0 Wb
c. 3.0 m Wb
d. 1.5 Wb


36. What are the effects of moving a closed wire loop through a magnetic field?

a. A voltage is induced in the wire.
b. A current is induced in the wire.
c. The polarity across the wire depends on the direction of motion.
d. All of the above

37. The Hall Effect

a. is a phenomenon with no practical applications
b. is used in various sensor applications
c. can develop potentials of thousands of volts
d. is the basis for solar cell operation


38. A Hall Effect sensor

a. exists only in theory
b. is a non-contacting magnetic sensor
c. can operate only a few times before failure
d. produces very large voltages

39. Which two values are plotted on a B-H curve graph?

a. Reluctance and flux density
b. Permeability and reluctance
c. Magnetizing force and permeability
d. Flux density and magnetizing force

40. for turbulent flow, the velocity at the center is ____ times the mean velocity

a. 1.2
b. 2.2
c. 2
d. 3.333





\


















Experiment number 2:


1. The 7812 regulator IC provides ________.
A. 5 V
B. 5 V
C. 12 V
D. 12 V





2. Refer to the given figure. If the zener diode had a rating of 1.7 V, the output voltage would
be


A. 2.13 V.
B. 8.36 V.
C. 20.16 V.
D. 25 V.






3. Refer to the given figure. This circuit operates at a ________ frequency, and its efficiency
is ________.


A. low, low
B. low, high
C. high, high
D. high, low


4. Voltage regulators keep a constant ________ output voltage when the input or load varies
within limits.
A. dc B. ac
C. ripple


5. Calculate the ripple voltage of a full-wave rectifier with a 75- F filter capacitor connected
to a load drawing 40 mA.
A. 1.20 V
B. 1.28 V
C. 1.32 V
D. 1.41 V

6. In mercury arc rectifiers the voltage drop in arc is nearly
(A) 0.1 volt per centimeter of arc length
(B) 1 volt per centimeter of arc length
(C) 10 volts per centimeter of arc length
(D) 12 to 15 volts per centimeter of arc length.

7. An ideal rectifier having a linear characteristic in forward direction and an infinite resistance
in the reverse direction, can be represented by



(A) figure A
(B) figure B
(C) figure C
(D) none of the figures shown.

8. Which of the following equipment needs direct current?
(A) Relays
(B) Telephones
(C) Time switches
(D) All of the above.

9. Which of the following devices cannot convey from dc to ac ?
(A) Motor generator
(B) Motor converter
(C) Mercury arc rectifier
(D) All of the above.

10. In large motor generator sets ac motor is usually
(A) induction motor squirrel cage type
(B) synchronous motor
(C) induction motor wound rotor type
(D) any of the above.

11. For single phase rotary converters, when the power factor is unity, the ac line to dc current
ratio will be
(A) 1.4
(B) 1.0
(C) 0.707
(D) 0.5.

12. A 100 kW motor generator set has induction motor of six poles and dc generator of eight
poles. If the supply frequency is 50 Hz, the speed of the set will be
(A) 214.3 rpm
(B) 428.6 rpm
(C) 536.4 rpm
(D) 624.8 rpm.

13. The number of slip rings in a single phase synchronous converter will be
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) None.

Questions 14 to 20 are based on the following data:

A 1 kW single phase rotary converter operates at full load from 230 volts ac source. Assume
100% efficiency and unity power factor.

14. The voltage will be
(A) 230 V
(B) 250 V
(C)275 V
(D) 325 V.

15. The dc current will be approximately
(A) 2.5 A
(B) 3 A
(C) 3.25 A
(D) 3.75 A.

16. The ac input current at slip rings will be
(A) 6.3 A
(B) 5.8 A
(C)4.1A
(D) 3.8 A.

17. For 3 phase rotary converters, when power factor is unity. the ac line to dc current ratio is
(A) 1.5
(B) 1.1
(C) 1.0
(D) 0.942.

18. If a synchronous converter is supplied with 12 phase ac supply, the number of slip rings will
be
(A) 3
(B) 6
(C) 12
(D) 24.

19. In a synchronous converter, the no-load ratio of the voltage E
a
between successive slip-rings
(i.e. the armature phase voltage) to the commutator voltage E
d
for 3 phase "supply on ac side is
(A) 1.0
(B) 0.7
(C) 0.6
(D) 0.16.

20. In a synchronous converter, ac and dc armature powers will be equal when
(A) electrical losses are negligible
(B) mechanical losses are negligible
(C) electrical and mechanical losses are negligible
(D) electrical and mechanical losses are negligible and power factor is unity.













Experiment: 3
1. What is the function of the comparators in the 555 timer circuit?
A. to compare the output voltages to the internal voltage divider
B. to compare the input voltages to the internal voltage divider
C. to compare the output voltages to the external voltage divider
D. to compare the input voltages to the external voltage divider


2. When a capacitor charges:
A. the voltage across the plates rises exponentially
B. the circuit current falls exponentially
C. the capacitor charges to the source voltage in 5RC seconds
D. all of the above


3. The ________ is defined as the time the output is active divided by the total period of the
output signal.
A. on time
B. off time
C. duty cycle
D. active ratio


4. A 22-k resistor and a 0.02- F capacitor are connected in series to a 5-V source. How
long will it take the capacitor to charge to 3.4 V?
A. 0.44 ms
B. 0.501 ms
C. 0.66 ms
D. 0.70 ms



5. What does the discharge transistor do in the 555 timer circuit?
A. charge the external capacitor to stop the timing
B. charge the external capacitor to start the timing over again
C. discharge the external capacitor to stop the timing
D. discharge the external capacitor to start the timing over again

6. Pulse stretching, time-delay, and pulse generation are all easily accomplished with which
type of multivibrator circuit?
A. astable B. monostable
C. multistable D. bistable


7. The internal circuitry of the 555 timer consists of ________, an R-S flip-flop, a transistor
switch, an output buffer amplifier, and a voltage divider.
A. a comparator
B. a voltage amplifier
C. two comparators
D. a peak detector


8. With most monostable multivibrators, what is the Q output when no input trigger has
occurred?
A. LOW
B. +5 V
C. SET
D. HIGH


9. An astable multivibrator requires:
A. balanced time constants
B. a pair of matched transistors
C. no input signal
D. dual J-K flip-flops


10. A crystal demonstrates the ________ effect when a mechanical force across the crystal
causes a small voltage to be generated.
A. photoelectric B. Co-pitts
C. piezoelectric D. flywheel

11. What is the difference between an astable multivibrator and a monostable multivibrator?
A. The astable is free running.
B. The astable needs to be clocked.
C. The monostable is free running.
D. none of the above


12. Is there any limit to the number of times that a 74123 can be retriggered?
A. yes B. no


13. Determine t
HI
and t
LO
for the circuit given below.

A. t
HI
= 7.95 s, t
LO
= 6.24 s
B. t
HI
= 6.24 s, t
LO
= 7.95 s
C. t
HI
= 3.97 s, t
LO
= 3.21 s
D. t
HI
= 3.21 s, t
LO
= 3.97 s


14. The output of the astable circuit ________.
A. constantly switches between two states
B. is LOW until a trigger is received
C. is HIGH until a trigger is received
D. floats until triggered


15. If a diode is connected across resistor R
B
(positive end up) in the given figure, what is the
new duty cycle of the output waveform?

A. 56% B. 44%
C. 21.6% D. 17.4%

16. Design a circuit using a 74121 to convert a 33-kHz, 30% duty cycle waveform to a 33-kHz,
60% duty cycle waveform.
A. R
int
= 2 k , C
ext
= 0.012 nF
B. R
int
= 2 k , C
ext
= 0.012 F
C. R
int
= 4 k , C
ext
= 0.012 nF
D. R
int
= 4 k , C
ext
= 0.012 F


17. What controls the output pulse width of a one shot?
A. the clock frequency
B. the width of the clock pulse
C. an RL time constant
D. an RC time constant


18. Does the 74123 one shot have an internal timing resistor?
A. yes B. no


19. In a typical IC monostable multivibrator circuit, at the falling edge of the trigger input, the
output switches HIGH for a period of time determined by the ________.
A. value of the RC timing components
B. amplitude of the input trigger
C. frequency of the input trigger
D. magnitude of the dc supply voltage


20. A monostable 555 timer has the following number of stable states:
A. 0 B. 1
C. 2 D. 3


Viva questions (common)
1. Define buck boost converter.
2. Explain the application of using buck boost converter.
3. Explain the different modes of buck boost converter
4. Define Fly back converter.
5. Explain the application of using Fly back converter.
6. Explain the different modes of Fly back converter
7. What is AM transceiver?
8. What is FM transceiver?
9. Applications of AM transceiver.
10. Applications of FM transceiver.
11. What is the purpose of using data modem?
12. Give application of wireless modem.
13. Mention the protocols used in data transfer.
14. What is PCB?
15. List the materials used for manufacturing PCB
16. Define Voltage regulator.
17. Explain the operating condition in SCR.
18. Differentiate between microcontroller and microprocessor.
19. State advantage in using microcontroller while designing any system.
20. Define Timer.
21. Define various modes of operation of timer.
22. How a timer enhances for controlling any process.
23. Define Amplifier.
24. What is the purpose of using an instrumentation amplifier?
25. Define digital function generator?
26. What is DSP?
27. Define voltage controller?
28. State the difference between AC and DC voltage.
29. Define signal sampling
30. Define Nyquist criteria.











URLs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsQ9dcUxiro
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5BKDQYZmdE
https://www.pantechsolutions.net/products/power-electronics/scr-triac-based-single-phase-
controller
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oGesXbMDkc
http://www.homedepot.com/p/Rain-Bird-9-Station-SST900i-Indoor-Simple-To-Set-Irrigation-
Timer-SST900I/100633712
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1oyGNuhmtU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRTSdB9YXp8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTCdSg3SNE8
http://www.powershow.com/view/1ea633-
NDI4N/Wireless_Null_Modem_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
http://www.cnet.com/products/verizon-wireless-jetpack-4g-lte-mobile-hotspot-890l/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TXSSol-BS4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQWGVYNLsDw






Applications:
To design a PCB Layout for any communication or Electronic System
To design a communication system by using wireless modem
To design a automated system by using timers
To design a microcontroller based systems