!ayson 8ryan L.

MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML

Network Analysis 1:
Thevenins and Nortons Theorem


Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME






!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
Thevenins Theorem

Used to transform a circuit into a smaller yet equivalent circuit by a voltage source
(thevenins voltage) in series with thevenins resistance or looking back resistance and the
resisrance of the circuit where the current is asked













E
th
or V
th
= thevenins open circuit voltage
R
th
= thevenins resistance/ looking back resistance
R
L
= Load Resistance



!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
How to Thevenize a Given Circuit ?
1. Temporarily remove the resistance (called load resistance R
L
) whose current is
required.
2. Find the open-circuit voltage V
oc
which appears across the two terminals from
where resistance has been removed. It is also called Thevenin voltage V
th
.
3. Compute the resistance of the whose network as looked into from these two
terminals after all voltage sources have been removed leaving behind their internal
resistances (if any) and current sources have been replaced by open-circuit i.e.
infinite resistance. It is also called Thevenin resistance R
th
or T
i
.
4. Replace the entire network by a single Thevenin source, whose voltage is V
th
or
V
oc
and whose internal resistance is R
th
or R
i
.
5. Connect R
L
back to its terminals from where it was previously removed.
6. Finally, calculate the current flowing through R
L
by using the equation,

Nortons Theorem
Used to transform a circuit into a smaller yet equivalent circuit by a current
source in parallel with thevenins resistance and parallel with load resistor






!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML

I
sc
= short circuit current
R
th
= thevenins resistance/ looking back resistance
R
L
= Load Resistance

How To Nortonize a Given Circuit ?
This procedure is based on the first statement of the theorem given above.
1. Remove the resistance (if any) across the two given terminals and put a short-
circuit across them.
2. Compute the short-circuit current I
SC
.
3. Remove all voltage sources but retain their internal resistances, if any. Similarly,
remove all current sources and replace them by open-circuits i.e. by infinite
resistance.
4. Next, find the resistance R
1
(also called R
N
) of the network as looked into from the
given terminals. It is exactly the same as R
th
.
5. The current source (I
SC
) joined in parallel across R
i
between the two terminals
gives Nortons equivalent circuit.




!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
General Instructions for Finding Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
(a) When Circuit Contains Both Dependent and Independent Sources
(i) The open-circuit voltage V
oc
is determined as usual with the sources
activated or alive.
(ii) A short-circuit is applied across the terminals a and b and the value of
short-circuit current i
th
is found as usual.
(iii) Thevenin resistance R
th
= v
oc
/i
sh
. It is the same procedure as adopted for
Nortons theorem.
(b) When Circuit Contains Dependent Sources Only
(i) In this case, v
oc
= 0
(ii) We connect 1 A source to the terminals a and b and calculate the value of
v
ab
.
(iii) R
th
= V
ab
/ 1
Sample Problems
1.Use Thevenins theorem to find 2.Determine the values of Rth and Eth
the current flowing in the 10 resistor that cause the circuit shown
for the circuit shown






!ayson 8ryan L. MuLuc, 8LL, 8ML
3. Use Nortons Theorem to find 4.Find the Norton Equivalent Circuit
The current flowing in the 10 resistor for the circuit shown
In circuit no.1


Supplementary Problems
The circuit from Figure can be reduced Find the value of open circuit voltage
To Its Thevenins equivalent circuit in and looking back resistance
four steps






Use Nortons theorem to determine the Find the load current I
L
by use of
current I flowing in the 4 resistance shown nortons theorem
in Figure