Chapter 6 air pressure

The kinetic theory of gases states that

i) particles in a matter are always moving or vibrating.
ii) gases are made up of tiny and discrete particles.
iii) there are frequent collisions between particles.

Gases particles in a container collide with each other and with the walls of the container all time, it
exerts a force onto the wall. The sum of the forces of all particles hitting wall, divided by the area of
the wall is called the gas pressure.

The atmosphere is a layer of air consists of a mixture of gases. Air has mass, therefore, the
atmosphere exerts force on the surfaces of all things The force of the atmosphere on Earth is called
air pressure or atmospheric pressure.

We are unaware of this pressure because the internal pressure in our body is slightly higher than the
atmospheric pressure.

The air pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere. It is less n the upper levels of the atmosphere.

Factors affecting air pressure
Volume
i) the space for air particles to move around increases when the volume of the container increases.
b) frequency of collision between air particles and the walls of the container decreases. Thus, the
pressure in the container decreases.


Temperature of air
a) the particles move faster when the temperature of the air in the container increases.
b) as a result, frequency of collision between air particles and the wall increases. Thus, the pressure in
the container increases.

6.1 Understanding air pressure
1 Air has particles that are continually moving and colliding with things on Earth.
This produces _________________.
2 Draw the direction of the air pressure acting on the thick cardboard.

3 State two factors that affect air pressure.
4 State the relationship between the number of gas particles and air pressure.
5 State the relationship between the volume of a container filled with gas
particles and air pressure inside the container.
6 State the relationship between temperature and air pressure.
Chapter 6 air pressure

Application of principle of air pressure

d) insecticide spray

e) sucker hook

f) drinking straw

g) siphon







Chapter 6 air pressure





Determine the higher pressure and lower pressure.



Safety measures when using gas under high pressure.

Gas tanks must kept in
good ventilation. - cannot kept in an enclosed area without proper ventilation. This is due to prevent
the cylinder from becoming too warm/
cool places ( away from heat sources) - away from direct sunlight or do not smoke near the gas tanks.
- because extreme heat cause gas expand , explosion may occurs.

Leakage test of hose can be done by rubbing soap solution on the hose.
Light the match before turning on the gas.

DO NOT SHAKE the liquid in aerosol can.
Aerosol may explode due to chemical reaction between the substances in the aerosol can.
It is dangerous to heat or burn used aerosol can because this can cause the gas content in the aerosol
can to expand and lead to explosion.

6.2 Applying the principle of air pressure
1 Give three examples of tools using air pressure to operate.
2 A student cannot pour out the milk from a condensed milk tin with a hole
punched. Suggest one way to help him to overcome the problem.
3 State one tool that can be used to suck out the clogged dirt in a sink.
4 What will happen when a gas is placed under a very high pressure? Give two
examples for the use of this property.
Chapter 6 air pressure

5 State one safety measure while using aerosol spray. Give a reason for your
answer.

1. ____________________________ is the pressure caused by the weight of the air above the surface
of the Earth.
2. The existence of air pressure can be explained by ________________________________ of Gases.
3. The kinetic Theory of gases states that
i) Gas particles move _______________ in all directions at a _____________ speed.
ii) Gas particles always __________________ with each other and against the ________________
of the container.
4. Air pressure __________________ as altitude increases. This is because at higher altitude, the air is
less dense than the air at _________________ altitude.
5. Thus, the air pressure on top of a mountain is ___________________ than the air pressure at the
foot of the mountain.
6. Air pressure ( or atmospheric pressure can be measure with an ______________________ . The
unit is cm of mercury of ______________________. Fo rexample atmospheric pressure at sea level
is 76 cm of mercury of 1000000 N/m
2
,
7. The presence of air pressure can be shown by experiments. Example :
a) _______________________________________________________________________________
b) _______________________________________________________________________________
c)________________________________________________________________________________
8. The air pressure in a container is affected by __________________ and the _________________ of
the air in the container.
9. Effect of the volume of the container.
a) When the volume of the container is __________________, the air particles are closer to each other
and need shorter distances to hit the wall of the container.
b) as such, the air particles will hit the wall of the container more __________________________.
c) this causes the air pressure in the container to _______________________/

10. Effect of the temperature of air in the container.
a) when a container is heated, the air particles in it get-more energy and move ______________.
b) this enables the particles to hit the wall of the container more ______________________.
c) this causes the air pressure in the container to ___________________________.

Applications of air pressure.
1. The principle of air pressure is also used to solve our daily problems such as
___________________ in sinks and to pour _________________ from its can.
2. When a gas is compressed under high pressure, its particles are arranged closer and to the extent
that the gas changes into ________________.
3. When gases are liquefied, they are easy to ______________________ and __________________.
4. Examples of gases stored under high pressure are
a) ____________________ gas used as cooking gas.
b) ____________________ gas used in hospitals.
c) ____________________ and _______________________ stored in aerosol cans.
Chapter 6 air pressure

5. When the liquefied gas is released from its container, it turns into ______________ because its
pressure decreases.


Quiz

1. a) What produces air pressure?
b) We are unaware of air pressure. Explain this.
2 a) How does air exert pressure pm the wall of a closes container?
b) Name two factors that affect the air pressure in a closed container.
3 Explain why weather balloon usually burst when they reach high altitude.
4. What is air pressure?
5. State two characteristics of air pressure.
6. a) Explain how gases can be changed into liquid.
b) State two advantages for 6 (a)
c) Name three substances that can be stored in an aerosol can.
7. Why a gas tank cannot be kept in an enclosed place?
8. Why is it dangerous to burn used aerosol can?
9. State three tools that operate based on air pressure.
10. State the use of a siphon..
11. State how is drinking straw applies the principle of air pressure ( explain the change of air pressure
inside it)
12. Aerosol spray commonly used in daily life.
a) What is the form of the substances kept in the aerosol can?
b) State two ways how the gases can be changed into the form in 12(a)
c) State one safety measure while using aerosols. Give a reason for your answer.