Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
for given dimension of the flat plate inside the wind tunnel test
section.
(b) To check the uniformity of the flow at the inlet of the test section.
(c) To calculate the velocity profiles at particular section of the test sections.
(d) To calculate the variation of C
f
with x for the test section.
(e) To calculate the variation of (momentum thickness) with x for the test section.
(a) To find the
for given dimension of the flat plate inside the wind tunnel test section.
Given data specifications:
Sr.No Parameters symbol Value
1.
Volume flow rate of
blower
Q 13500 m
3
/Hr
2.
Cross section Area of the
test section
A 330mm X 330mm
3. Length of the flat plate L 1.5 m
4.
Density of air at room
temp
1.205 Kg/m
3
5.
Kinematic Viscosity of air
at room temp
15.68 x10
-6
m
2
/s
Velocity calculation:
We know that, we have laminar region till
Initial
Fig -11: variation of
with location x
Above graph is extrapolated back, till it cuts the x axis (at 0.0369m) (to get the new
reference point x to be chosen),
x = 0.1221m (form origin)
Now
So, in order to compensate the flow,
We need to increase the height of 4 x 3.23 = 12.92 mm at the end of the section as shown in
the figure below:
y = -0.0013x
6
+ 0.0074x
5
- 0.0163x
4
+ 0.0182x
3
- 0.0111x
2
+ 0.0058x - 0.0002
-0.001
-0.0005
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
(
i
n
m
)
x location (in m)
turbulent (
)
turbulent boundry layer Poly. (turbulent boundry layer)
Fig 12: In order to compensate the flow, the given
- Below table and plot shows velocity variation at each grid point.
Velocity Variation @ 15 Hz
Grid
Points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 11.10 11.78 11.78 11.46 11.10 11.80 11.12 10.39 11.12
2 11.10 11.10 11.78 11.12 11.10 11.12 11.12 11.12 11.12
3 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.12 11.10 10.39 11.12 11.12 11.12
4 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.12 11.10 11.12 11.12 11.12 11.12
5 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.12 11.10 11.12 11.12 11.12 11.12
6 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.12 11.10 11.12 11.12 11.12 11.12
7 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.12 11.10 11.12 11.12 11.12 11.12
8 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.12 11.10 11.12 11.12 11.12 11.12
9 10.74 10.74 11.10 11.12 11.10 11.12 10.39 11.46 11.12
Table No- 1: Variation of velocities over various grid point at the inlet section of test section
Fig 15 Velocity variation as a function of grid point for 15 Hz rotating speed.
- Above shown data represents average of 11.12 m/s with 0.22 standard
deviation, which is 2% of average value.
- Similarly velocity readings were taken for 22.5 Hz and 30 Hz as well. Average
velocity at 22.5 Hz was 16.29 m/s with 1.9% of standard deviation and at 30 Hz
was 20.81 m/s with 1% of standard deviation. Percentage standard deviation
decreases as expected at higher velocity.
(c) Velocity, *, C
f
and measurement at different section of test section.
- To have diferent velocity at test section three different operating frequencies
has beed selescted as operating frequency in Variable Frequency Drive. 15 Hz,
22.5 Hz and 30 Hz has been selected.
- To measure velocity, U tube manometer filled with water has used. One linb of
manometer is connected to bottom of the required section and other linb is
pitot tube.
- Pitot tube position is varied from plate (y=0) to upwards till constant reading
(free stream).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
g
r
i
d
p
o
i
n
t
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
(
m
/
s
)
grid point
Velocity at various grid points
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fig 16 Manometer and pitot tube connected to the test section
Fig 17 Static pressure taps at various locations
Fig 18 Stagnation pressure taps at various locations (along with inserted pitot tube)
- Manometer setup at test section is shown in below schematic.
Fig 19 Schematic of u-tube manometer connected to test section
- As shown in figure, one limb of manometer is connected to pitot tube and other
is connected to bottom hole. Thus resultant water column difference can be
measured and eventually velocity can be found at any location.
- Measurement will be staty at bottom of section (while touching to plate).
Increase pitot tube by 1mm and take measurement again.
- After some measurements, readings will attain a constant value. This indicates
that probe has moved out of boundary layer and measuring free stream. Now
one can move to next location.
- In initial region location for probes are pitched 5 cm. After 5 locations pitch
changes to 10 cm. As boundary layer has changed from laminar to turbulent, 10
cm pitch will be sufficient.
- After measuring h from all location with height variation, velocity can be
computed by
.
- At every section, where u becomes constant, will be consider as free stream
velocity and denoted as U. And that y location will be taken as , boundary layer
thickness.
- Thus velocity can be converted to non dimensionalize form, u/U. By plotting u/U
on x axis vs Vertical distance on y axis, we can see boundary layer profile.
- With the use of
(
m
o
m
e
n
t
u
m
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
)
x (in m)
Variation of with x
15 22.5 30
Fig : 22-Boundary Layer Development along Test Section Length
Figure-23 : u/U variation with y
6. CONCLUSION
To compensate the flow reduction, We need to increase the height
*
= 12.92 mm at
the end of the section.
Previously stated data represents average velocity at the inlet of the test section is
11.12 m/s with 0.22 standard deviation, which is 2% of average value. Similarly the
standard deviation for 22.5 Hz (vel 16.29 m/s) was 1.9% and at 30 Hz (vel 20.81 m/s)
was 1% .(as expected)
As depicted in above plots, we were getting the proper velocity profile for u/U at all
the stations.
As show previously the variation of C
f
is decreasing first, then increasing due to
transition and again its decreasing as expected in downstream.