Setting of the rated current (Ib)

Set the nominal current (In):

Of each machines in cable:
In Lathe = 3 kW -> In = 6 A
In Milling machine = 11 kW -> In = 20 A
Of a several machines in Canalis:
In = 3 x 11 + 3 x 3 = 42 kW -> In = 80 A
Take into account the Simultaneity factor (Ks)
Canalis: In = 80 x 0.7 = 56 A
N b o f K s
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 12
Rq: for a machine which works continuously / for lighting K=1.
Take into account the expansion factor: generally, in the case of an
industrial installations, it needs at least a factor of 1.2 (= leave a margin of 20%)
Canalis: In = 56 x 1.2 = 68 A
Power sum
N b o f
m a c h i n e s
K s
2 e t 3 0 , 9
4 e t 5 0 , 8
6 9 0 , 7
1 0 3 9 0 , 6
4 0 a n d m o r e 0 , 5
Choice of the electrical distribution architecture
Choice of materials according to external influences
Power sum
Sizing of wires
Chronology of a design
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Overloads
Permissive current
Conductors are always sized from the value of the permissive current
It corresponds to the maximal current which can go through the conductor
Beyond this value, the insulation qualities are jeopardised
premature ageing
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 14
A cable which is submitted to a 10%overload current
will have a reduced lifetime up to 50%
Sizing
Overloads
Permissive current
The permissive current of a cable is:
Iz = (K x Ib) / (f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5 x n x fs)
The nominal rated current is:
Inc = (K x Ib) / (f1 x f3)
With:
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 15
In: Nominal current of the circuit
K: Type of protection (fuse / circuit breaker)
f1: Ambient temperature
f2: Number of conductors loaded in a circuit
f3: Reference method and fixing mode
n: Number of parallel cables
fs: Symmetrical factor
f4: Number of layers
f5: Several circuit grouping (joined cables)
Sizing
Constant
parameters
whenever
Factors
depending on
the evolutions
Iz = (K x In) / (f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5 x fs x n)
Protection by circuit breaker K = 1
Ambient temperature = 30C f1 = 1
Neutral not loaded f2 = 1
T
R
R
Example 1:
5 machines - P = 9 kW/ machine
(Cos = 0.87 / Ib = 15 A)
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Cable with 3 conductors (Mthode E) +
cable fixed on cable tray on a horizontal
way (Mode 13) f3 = 1
1 layer f4 = 1
5 non joined circuits f5 = 0,1
No parallel cables n et fs = 1
I
z
= (1 x 15) / (1x1x1x1x1x1x1) = 15 A
R
R R
S
theoric
= 1.08 mm S
chosen
= 1.5 mm
Example 2:
9 machines - P = 9 kW / machine
(Cos = 0.87 then Ib = 15 A)
Iz = (K x In) / (f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5 x fs x n)
Protection by circuit breaker K = 1
Ambient temperature de 30C f1 = 1
Neutral not loaded f2 = 1
Cable with 3 conductors (Mthode E) +
cable fixed on cable tray on a horizontal
way (Mode 13) f3 = 1
R
R R
TD
R
R
R
R
R
R
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 17
way (Mode 13) f3 = 1
1 layer f4 = 1
9 non joined circuits f5 = 0.72
No parallel cables n et fs = 1
I
z
= (1 x 15) / (1x1x1x0,8x0,72x1x1) = 21 A
S
theoric
= 1.83 mm S
chosen
= 2.5 mm
R
R R R
4 machines more:
9 joined circuits f5 = 0.72
S
z1
= 2.5 mm
Setting up 5 machines in t
0
:
5 non joined circuits f5 = 1
S
z0
= 1.5 mm
Evolution from 5 to 9 machines
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 18
Results:
the 5 circuits installed in t
0
are overloaded :
no conformity to installation standards
Consequences :
the circuits installed in t
0
have to be replaced by 2.5 mm
material and labour extra-costs and a long production stopping, .
if the installation remains the same, the cable lifetime will considerably
be reduced Fire risks .
Overloads
Application: Canalis 3 lathes + 3 milling machines
Inc = (K x Ib) / (f1 x f3)
Choice of the range of Canalis:
Ib = 68 A
IP < 55
KN is chosen
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 19
KN is chosen
Choice of the rating of the Canalis:
Protection by circuit breaker K = 1
Ambient temperature = 30C f1 = 1
Edgewise mounting = Standard f3 = 1
Inc = (1 x 68) / (1 x 1) = 68 A
KN 100 A is chosen
Sizing
Overloads
Application: cable supplying Canalis
Iz = (K x In) / (f1 x f2 x f3 x f4 x f5 x fs x n)
Protection by circuit breaker K = 1
Ambient temperature = 30C f1 = 1
Neutral not loaded f2 = 1
Cable with 3 conductors (Method E) + cable fixed on cable tray
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 20
Cable with 3 conductors (Method E) + cable fixed on cable tray
on a horizontal way (Mode 13) f3 = 1
1 layer f4 = 1
2 joined circuits f5 = 1
No parallel cables n et fs = 1
Iz = (1 x 100) / (1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1) = 100 A
S
chosen
= 16 mm
Sizing
Ligthing Other
use
Installation power directly supplied by a
low voltage public distribution network
3% 5%
Voltage drops
The voltage drop between the origin and any point of use mustnt
exceed the values below:
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 21
Sizing
Setting of the voltage drop
In cable (it needs a calculation):
u = b (L/S x Ib x cos )
u: voltage drop in V
b: 1 in single phase and 2 in 3 phases
: resistivity of phase conductor in ?.mm/m
L: length of the cable
S: section of the phase conductor in mm
Ib: rated current in A
cos : power factor (use 0.8 when there is no indication)
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 22
Sizing
In Canalis (catalogue data):
u = Val catalogue * Ib * L / 100
Example : Page "Charactristics
KN from 40 until 100 A"
KN 40 A KN 63 A KN 100 A
With Cos = 0,8 V/100m/A 0.389 0.163 0.075
With Cos = 0,9 V/100m/A 0.433 0.180 0.080
With Cos = 1 V/100m/A 0.473 0.191 0.080
Checking of the voltage drop
Application: cable of the lathe
u = b (L/S x Ib x cos )
3 phases machines b = 2
Copper cable
copper
= 22.5 x 10-3 .mm/m
Rq:
aluminium
= 36 x 10-3 .mm/m
L
Lathe
(The worst case) = 40 m
Section of a phase conductor 1.5 mm
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 23
Sizing
Rated current 8 A
cos = 0.8 (No specification)
u = 2 (22.5 x 10-3 x 40 / 1.5 x 8 x 0.8) = 7.68 V
U = u x 100 / U
u = 7.68 V
U = 400 V
U = 0.768 x 100 / 400 = 1.92 %
Checking of the voltage drop
Application: Canalis
Supplying cable of the busway:
u = 2 (22.5 x 10-3 x 18 / 16 x 100 x 0.8) = 4.05 V
Canalis:
Canalis KN 100 A, Cos = 0.8 Val cat 0.075 V / 100 m/A
Ib = 100 A (the worst case - its not the actual rated current)
L = 20 m
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L = 20 m
u = 0.075 x 100 x 20 /100 = 1.5 V
Supplying cable of the lathe:
u = 2 (22.5 x 10-3 x 6 /1.5 x 8 x 0.8) = 1.15 V
Ucable + canalis = u x 100 / U
u = 4.05 + 1.5 + 1.15 = 6.7 V
U = 400 V
U = 6.7 x 100 / 400 = 1.68 %
Sizing
Short circuits currents (Isc)
Generally, Canalis is over sized and can support the short circuits.
Particular cases (building > 5000 m):
Transformers in parallel
Canalis of low power near a transformer of high power
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Sizing
Practice
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 26
Power distribution
60 m
45 m
L: Lathe 4 kW
M: Milling machine 4 kW
B: Buffing wheel 0,75 kW
C: Circular saw4 kW
DT: Drilling/Tapper machine2.2 kW
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 27
45 m
Exercise
D: Drilling machine 1.5 kW
DT: Drilling/Tapper machine2.2 kW
DM: Drilling/milling machine 3 kW
RD: Radial drilling machine7.5 kW
V: Vice filer 2.2 kW
Fluo Tubes 2 x 58 W
45 m
60 m
Ligthing distribution
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Structure: 1 beam every 2.50 m
Exercise
Practice
Power
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 29
Power - Choice of the materials
Calculation of the current needed by each machine:
I = P / 3 x U x cos
L: Lathe = 4 kW I = 7.2 A
M: Milling machine = 4 kW I = 7.2 A
B: Buffing wheel = 0.75 kW 1.4
C: Circular saw= 4 kW I = 7.2 A
DT: Drilling / Tapper machine = 2,2 kW I = 4 A
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 30
DT: Drilling / Tapper machine = 2,2 kW I = 4 A
DM: Drilling / Milling machine = 3 kW I = 5.4 A
RD: Radial drilling machine = 7.5 kW I = 13.5 A
V: Vice filer = 2.2 kW I = 4 A
D: Drilling machine = 1.5 kW I = 2.7 A
Exercise
L1 L2 L3 L4
L0
20 m
Power - Tracking of the runs
Solution 1
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L5 L6 L7 L8
L0
25 m
Exercise
Power - Power sum
Solution 1
I
L1
= (3 I
EL
+ 3 I
F
) x Ks x 1.2 = (3x4 + 3x7.2)x0.7x1.2 = 28 A
I
L2
= I
L1
= 28 A
I
L3
= (3 I
T
+ 3 I
F
) x Ks x 1.2 = (3x7.2 + 3x7.2)x0.7x1.2 = 36 A
I
L4
= I
L3
= 36 A
I
L5
= (6 I
F
+ 2 I
M
) x Ks x 1.2 = (6x7.2 + 2x1.4)x0.7x1.2 = 39 A
I
L6
= I
L5
= 39 A
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 32
L6 L5
I
L7
= (3 I
P
+ 3 I
F
) x Ks x 1.2 = (3x2.7 + 3x7.2)x0.7x1.2 = 25 A
I
L8
= (2 I
tr
+ I
PT
+ I
PF
+ I
PR
) x Ks x 1.2 = (2x7.2 + 4 + 5.4 + 13.5)x0.8x1.2 = 36 A
I
L0
= (I
L1
+ I
L2
+ I
L3
+ I
L4
+ I
L5
+ I
L6
+ I
L7
+ I
L8
)x Ks x 1.2 =
(2x28 + 2x36 + 2x39 + 25 + 36 )x0.7x1.2 = 225 A
Exercise
Power - Choice of the busways
Solution 1
Workshop: IP
busway
> 20
Inc = (K x Ib) / (f1 x f3)
Protection of runs by circuit breaker K = 1
Ambient temperature = 30C f1 = 1
Edgewise mounting = standard f3 = 1
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 33
Exercise
Edgewise mounting = standard f3 = 1
Inc L1/L2 = 28 A KNA 40 A
Inc L3/L4 = 36 A KNA 40 A
Inc L5/L6 = 39 A KNA 40 A
Inc L7 = 25 A KNA 40 A
Inc L8 = 36 A KNA 40 A
Inc L0 = 225 A KSA 250 A
Power - Choice of Canalis elements (1/2)
Solution 1
Runs L1 to L8:
Canalis KNA 40 A, 3L+N+PE - length 20 m:
1 End feed box 63 A
7 straight elements 40 A - 3m - 1 tap-off outlet / m
8 universal brackets
Connectors KNA 3L+N+PE,for fuses:
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 34
Exercise
Connectors KNA 3L+N+PE,for fuses:
Runs L1/L2: 6 connectors 25 A
Runs L3/L4: 6 connectors 25 A
Runs L5/L6: 8 connectors 25 A
Run L7: 6 connectors 25 A
Run L8: 5 connectors 25 A
Power - Choice of Canalis Elements (2/2)
Solution 1
Run L0 :
Canalis KSA 250 A, 3L+N+PE - length 55 m:
1 end feed box 250 A + 1 end cover
11 straight elements 250 A - 5m - 2 tap-off outlets / m
20 universal brackets
Connectors KSA 3L+N+PE, for circuit-breakers:
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 35
Exercise
Connectors KSA 3L+N+PE, for circuit-breakers:
8 connectors 50 A
L0
Power - Tracking of the runs
Solution 2
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 36
L1 L2 L3 L4
45 m
Exercise
Power - Power sum
Solution 2
I
L1
= (3 I
EL
+ 9 I
F
+ 2 I
M
)x Ks x 1.2 = (3x4 + 9x7.2 + 2x1.4)x0.6x1,2 = 57 A
I
L2
= I
L1
= 57 A
I
L3
= (3 I
T
+ 6 I
F
+ 3 I
P
) x Ks x 1.2 = (3x7.2 + 6x7.2 + 3x2.7)x0.6x1.2 = 52 A
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 37
Exercise
I
L4
= (3 I
F
+ 3 I
T
+ 2 I
tr
+ I
PT
+ I
PF
+ I
PR
)x Ks x 1.2 =
(3x7.2 + 6x7.2 + 2x7.2 + 4 + 5.4 + 13.5)x0.6x1.2 = 74 A
I
L0
= (I
L1
+ I
L2
+ I
L3
+ I
L4
)x Ks x 1.2 = (57x2 + 52 + 74)x0.8 x1,2 = 230 A
Power - Choice of the busways
Solution 2
Work-shop: IP
busway
> 20
Inc = (K x Ib) / (f1 x f3)
Protection of runs by circuit-breaker K = 1
Ambient temperature = 30C f1 = 1
Edgewise mounting = Standard f3 = 1
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 38
Edgewise mounting = Standard f3 = 1
Inc L1 = 57 A KNA 63 A
Inc L1/L2 = 57 A KNA 63 A
Inc L3 = 52 A KNA 63 A
Inc L4 = 74 A KNA 100 A
Inc L0 = 230 A KSA 250 A
Exercise
Power - Choice of Canalis elements (1/2)
Solution 2
Runs L1, L2 and L3:
Canalis KNA 63 A, 3L+N+PE - Length 41 m:
1 end feed box 63 A
13 straight elements 63 A - 3 m - 1 tap-off outlet / m
14 universal brackets
Connectors KNA 3L+N+PE, for fuses:
Run L1: 14 connectors 25 A
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 39
Run L1: 14 connectors 25 A
Run L2: 14 connectors 25 A
Run L3: 12 connectors 25 A
Run L4:
Canalis KNA 100 A, 3L+N+PE length 41 m:
1 end feed box 100 A
13 straight elements 100 A de 3 m - 1 tap-off outlet / m
14 universal outlets
Connectors KNA 3L+N+PE, for fuses:
Run L1: 11 connectors 25 A
Exercise
Power - Choice of Canalis elements (2/2)
Solution 2
Run L0:
Canalis KSA 250 A, 3L+N+PE length 55 m:
1 end feed box 250 A
11 straight elements 250 A - 5m - 2 tap-off outlets / m
20 universal brackets
Connectors KSA 3L+N+PE, for circuit-breakers:
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 40
Connectors KSA 3L+N+PE, for circuit-breakers:
4 connectors 100 A
Exercise
Practice
Power
Lighting
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 41
Lighting - Tracking of the runs
Solution 1
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Exercise
Lighting - Power sum
Solution 1
I
luminaire
= (P
luminaire
+P
ballast
) / (U
0
xcos ) = (2*58+5)/(230*0.86)
I
luminaire
= 0.65
I
clairage
= 12 I
Luminaire
x Ks x 1.2 = (12x0.65)x1x1.2 = 9,36 A
I = 14 I x Ks x 1.2= (14x9,36)x1x1.2 = 157 A
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 43
I
feeder
= 14 I
clairage
x Ks x 1.2= (14x9,36)x1x1.2 = 157 A
Exercise
Lighting - Choice of the busways
Solution 1
Work-shop: IP
busways
> 20
Inc = (K x Ib) / (f1 x f3)
Protection of runs by circuit-breakers K = 1
Ambient temperature = 30C f1 = 1
Edgewise mounting = standard f3 = 1
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 44
Edgewise mounting = standard f3 = 1
Inc L
lighting
= 9,36 A KBA 25 A - 1L+N+PE
Inc L
feeder
= 157 A KSA 160 A
Exercise
Lighting - Choice of the tracking
Solution 2
Schneider Electric / E&S Bernard Genoulaz 14/12/2005 - FR 45
Exercise