-í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 24 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Sravya: You look gorgeous today. What a

ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ ´uèπ◊h-©†’ §ÚLa
beautiful dress you are in! Who select-
ûª®Ω-ûª´’ -¶µ‰-ü∆©’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îªôç.
ed it for you?
These are the comparisons made in the con-
versation at the beginning of this lesson.
(-Ñ®Ó-V †’´¤y î√™« Åçü¿çí¬
1) This (Lasya's today's dress) is more beauti-
éπ-E-°œÆæ’hØ√o--´¤-. F -vúÁÆˇ áçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçüÓ!
ful than the one you wore for Kavya's birth
á´®Ω’ ÂÆ-™„é˙d î˨»®Ω’ -DEo?)
gorgeous (Pronunciation: 'í¬ïÆˇ– 'í¬— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊-
day party.(ÉC – †’Oy-®ÓV ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊-†o dress
Kavya birthday party
û√ç) = î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ Ö†o. áèπ◊\- éÀ ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊-†o -vúÁÆˇ éπØ√o
´í¬ American usage.) Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçC.)
Lasya: That's my own selection.
2) But Navya's dress was the most beautiful Superlative tallest highest
est superlative degree forms.
that day=
(ÅC Ø√ áç°œÍé.) *´®Ω ´îËa
Å®·ûË Ç®ÓV Åçü¿J -vúÁÆˇ™x -†-´u -vúÁÆˇ Comparative taller higher
Sravya: This is more beautiful than the one you b) finest, simplest, nicest, etc- 'st'
ÉN *´®Ω ´îËa
Åûªuçûª Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçC. b) 'st' superlative form
wore for Kavya's birthday party. superlative degree forms.
éπL°œ îËÊÆ ´÷ô-©-Eo-çöÀéÃ,
3) ... She is the tallest of all of us too. '-r ' comparative form
( c) Y Y
é¬-´u °æ¤-öÀd-†®Ó-V -§ƒ-KdéÀ †’-´¤y -¢ËÆæ’èπ◊-†o - ûÓ Åçûª-´’ßË’u ´÷ô© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ *´®Ω éπ-L°œ îË≤ƒhç.
(ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç-ü¿-J™ ûª†’ Åûªuçûª §Òúø-´¤.) Superlative finest simplest nicest
4) That made her lovelier than any other girl
vúÁÆˇ éπØ√o ÉC Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçC.) Comparative simpler finer nicer
Lasya: But Navya's dress was the most beauti-
ÅC -Ç-¢Á’-†’ Éûª-®Ω’© éπØ√o Åçü¿çí¬ ÖçúË™« îËÆœçC. c) YûÓ Åçûª-´’ßË’u ´÷ô© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, Y BÊÆÆœ
ful that day.
5) She is the cleverest girl among our friends iest superlative form ier
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
ûÓ îËÊÆ ™«í¬ØË, éπL°œ
who took the test. comparative form
(é¬F Ç®ÓV †´u-vúÁÆˇ ÅEoöx Åçü¿çí¬
203
(Ç -õ„-Æˇd ®√Æœ† ´’† -v°∂ç-ú˛q îË≤ƒhç.
Superlative healthiest costliest
ÖçC.) Åçü¿-J™ Ç¢Á’ Åûªuçûª ûÁL-¢ÁjçC).
Sravya: And you know she is the tallest of all of
6) Her Brother is even cleverer than she. Comparative healthier costlier
us too. That made her the lovelier than
Ç¢Á’ -Å-†o-ߪ’u Ç¢Á’ éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ûÁL¢Áj†¢√úø’. d) -ful ûÓ Åçûª-´’ßË’ °æü∆-©èπÿ, most ´·ç-ü¿’°öÀd
any other girl there. iest superlative form
7) No other candidate's rank in the town is so superlative form more
BÊÆÆœ, éπL°œûË Å´¤-ûª’çC. îËÊÆ °æü∆-©-Eoç-öÀéÃ, ´·ç-ü¿’
healthiest (healthy); wealthiest,(wealthy)
(as) good as his. comparative form
(ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈ ûª†’ ´’†ç-ü¿-J™ §Òúø-´¤ ¢√úÕûË, Å´¤-ûª’çC.
costliest (costly) etc.
Superlative Comparative
éπü∆. Åçü¿’-´©x -Ç®Ó-V Éûª-®Ω’©çü¿J-éπçõ‰ Ü®Óx à Éûª®Ω ŶµºuJn ®√uçé˙ èπÿú≈ Åûª-úÕ ®√uçéπçûª d) ful
most beautiful more beautiful
Åçü¿çí¬ Öç-ü¿éπ\-úø.) ´’ç*C é¬ü¿’. ûÓ Åçûª-´’ßË’u ´÷ô-©-Eoç-öÀéÀ, ¢√öÀ ´·çü¿®Ω
Lovely= beautiful= Åçü¿-¢Á’i†.
most interested more interested
Lasya: We have another party coming.
î√™« ´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç.
(´’†èπ◊ ûªy®Ω-™-ØË ÉçéÓ §ƒKd ÖçC.) ´’†ç à degree ¢√úÕ-Ø√ äéπõ‰ Å®Ωnç ®√¢√L.
Sravya: Who is giving that and what's the occa-
Positive Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚©’ ÅE, comparative Åçõ‰
sion?
îÁÊ°p °æ-ü¿l¥-A ¢Ë®Ω’...ÅçûË! é¬Ææh áèπ◊\´ ÅF, superlative Åçõ‰ ÅEoç-öÀ-éπØ√o
(á´-J-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’? Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç àçöÀ?) áèπ◊\´ ÅF ņ’-éÓ-´ôç î√-™« °ü¿l -§Ò-®Ω-§ƒô’.
Lasya: Divya is giving it. She has got the 25th
Ñ degrees of comparison ´‚úÕçöx, degree
rank in CAT.
- positive Å®·Ø√, comparative Å®·Ø√, superla-
Common Admission Test tive Å®·Ø√ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. Å™« äéπõ‰ Å®·-†-°æ¤púË
8) Few Parents are as lucky as they.
(C´u É≤ÚhçC.
–(CAT) most superlative form
™ 25´ ®√uçé˙ ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊.) Åçûª Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-™„j† ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Öçúø®Ω’. îËJÊÆh Å´¤-ûª’çC. ´’†ç correct í¬ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-†ô’d. Å®·ûË ´’†ç posi-
Sravya: I'm not at all surprised. She is the i) beautiful - most beautiful (superlative)
9) Her elder sister is brighter than all of them tive degree™ îÁ§ƒp™, comparative ™ îÁ§ƒp™,
cleverest girl among our friends who ii) skilful - most skilful (superlative)
but not so hard working. superlative™ îÁ§ƒp™ ´’† áç°œ-éπ†’ •öÀd, Ææçü¿-
took the test. iii) pitiful - most pitiful ( superlative ) ®√s¥Eo •öÀd Öçô’çC. îª÷úøçúÕ:
¢√∞¡x Åéπ\ ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿J éπçõ‰ ûÁL-¢ÁjçC é¬F Åçûª e) most
(-Åç-ü¿’-™ -Ǩ¡a®Ωuç ™‰ü¿’. Ç -õ„Æˇd ®√Æœ† ´’† v¨¡´’-°æ-úËC é¬ü¿’. éÌEo Éûª®Ω ´÷ô-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈, ´·çü¿’ îË®Ωaôç a) He is the tallest boy in the class (Superlative)
superlative Interested - most inter- =
v°∂ç-ú˛q Åçü¿-®Óx†÷ ûª†’ Åûªuçûª ûÁL-¢Áj-çC.) îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆ Comparisons: §Ú©aôç English™ ´©x ´Ææ’hçC.(
ested; jealous - most jealous)
- é¬xÆˇ Åçü¿-J-™ Åûª-úø’ §Ò-úø-´¤.
Lasya: Her brother is even clever than she b) He is taller than any other boy/ all other boys,
´‚úø’ Nüµ∆-©’. -Åç-õ‰ ´‚úø’ degrees ™ îË≤ƒh®Ω’. COMPARATIVE DEGREE
(her). Last year he got the 18th rank in in the class (comparative) =
1) Positive degree 2) Comparative degree
é¬xÆˇ™ à Éûª®Ω/
the IIT entrance test. *´®Ω, -er -r -ier
, , í¬F ´·çü¿’ more í¬F ´ÊÆh ÅC boys
3) Superlative degree
Éûª®Ω Åçü¿-J éπØ√o Åûª-úø’ §Ò-úø-´¤.
(Ç¢Á’ -Å-†o-ߪ’u Ç¢Á’ éπçõ‰ ûÁL-¢Áj†-¢√úø’. comparative Å´¤-ûª’çC. c) No other boy in the class as so as tall as he
í∫-ûËú≈C -â-â-öà -áç-võ„-Ø˛q -õ„Æˇd™ Åûª-úÕéÀ 18´ (Degrees of comparison adjectives adverbs èπ◊, i) Superlative form 'est'
(positive) =
îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ éπLÊ° ´÷ô-©-
Adjectives –
é¬xÆˇ™ ÉçÈé-´®Ω÷ èπÿú≈ Åûª-†çûª
®√uçé˙ ´*açC.) èπÿ Öçö«®·. ´Ææ’h-´¤-©’, ´uèπ◊-©’, v°æüË- Eoç-öÀéÃ, comparative form 'er'
îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ §Ò-úø-´¤ é¬ü¿’.
Sravya: Yea. No other candidate's rank in the ¨»-©’, ïçûª’-´¤-©’, -¢Á·-ü¿-™„j-†-¢√-öÀ í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©†’ ûÁLÊ° éπ©’°æ¤û√ç. ÅEo degrees Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰ îÁÊ°p °æ-ü¿l¥-A ¢Ë®Ω’.ÅçûË.
town is so good as his. ´÷ô©’.)
eg: Tall, short, fine, beautiful, good, bad etc.
Answer to Exercise under lesson No 201
(Å´¤†’. Ñ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á·ûªhç™ á´Jéà -Åç-ûª -
O-ô-Eoç-öÀéÀ Å®·†, Å®·-†-ô’-´çöÀ ÅE,
REPORT (Spoken )
´’ç-* ®√uçé˙ ®√-™‰-ü¿’.)
Lasya: All of them are quite smart. Ö†o ÅE, Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. tall = §Òúø-¢Áj†, DIRECT SPEECH
á-ûÁkh-†, short = §ÒöÀdí¬ Ö†o, fine = Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ- Reporting Verb Present tense Reporting Verb Past tense
Few parents are as lucky as
they, in having such children. ߪ’-¢Á’i†, etc) Lakshmi: I need not Lakshmi says she need not have the Lakshmi said she need not/ did not

(¢√Rxçöx Åçü¿®Ω÷ ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√∞Ïx. Adverbs Åçõ‰, verb -îËÊÆ °æ†’©’ ᙫ ïJ- have the facial. I had it facial. She had it done the day before. need to have the facial. She had
í¬®· ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç- ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷ô©’ – äéπ done just yesterday. had it done the day before.
Åçûª Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-™„j† ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’
ü∆ü∆-°æ¤ -Öç-úø®Ω’.) í∫’ùç à¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊ ÖçC ÅE ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷ô©’ Pramila: We have to Pramila says they have to go to the Pramila said they had to go to
smart= ≤ƒtö¸– ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç– Åçü¿-¢Á’i† M. SURESAN èπÿú≈ adverbs.) go to the bank or the bank or the ATM too as they have to the bank or the ATM as they
Look at the following. had to draw some money.
-ü¿’Ææ’h-™x Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ Öçúøôç. Ééπ\úÕ ATM too. we have to draw some money.
a) No other actor is so tall as Amitabh
Å®Ωnç– ûÁL-N-í∫©. draw some money.
Sravya: Her elder sister is brighter than all of Bachchan.
Lakshmi said that they need
(à Éûª®Ω †ô’úø÷ ÅN’-û√-•-îªaØ˛ Åçûª
We are comparing all Lakshmi: We need Lakshmi says that they need not, as
them but no so hardworking, §Ò-úø-´¤ é¬ü¿’.) Ééπ\úø not/ did not need to, as she had
other actors with Amitabh - not. I have enough she has enough cash.
enough cash.
§ÚLa á´®Ω÷ èπÿú≈
cash.
(¢√∞¡x Åéπ\ߪ’u -Åç-ü¿-J-éπçõ‰ ûÁL-N-í∫©C.
Amitabh Not
Åçûª §Ò-úø-´¤ é¬-ü¿’ ÅE Åçô’Ø√oç –
Pramila suggested they had
é¬F Åçûª éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-ÊÆC é¬ü¿’.)
Lasya: They're all sure of good careers. That's so tall as ÅE – Ééπ\úøtall positive degree. Pramila: Then we had Pramila suggests they had better hurry
b) Amitabh is taller than any other actor/all better hurry up. up. better hurry up.
a thing to be happy about.
other actors. (ÅN’-û√¶¸ à Éûª®Ω †ô’-úÕ/-N’-í∫û√ Lakshmi: Need I get Lakshmi wants to know if she has to Lakshmi wanted to know if she
(¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´’ç* Nü∆u, ÖüÓu-í¬©’ ûªü∑¿uç. -
Åçü¿®Ω’ †ô’-©-éπØ√o §Ò-úø-´¤.) money now or do you get the money now or if she has it. had to get the money then or if
Å-C ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-î√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç.)
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ we are comparing all other actors have it? she had it.
í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’: °j conversation Åçû√ §ÚLéπ with Amitabh. ¢√∞¡}-éπØ√o Éûª†’ §Ò-úø-´¤ Åçô’Ø√oç.
Pramila: I think the Pramila says she thinks the money she Pramila said she thought the
(comparison)© v°æ≤ƒh-´ØË éπü∆. -E-ûªu -@-N-ûªç-™  ´’†ç
– Amitabh is taller than - Ééπ\úø taller, compar- money I have should has should be enough and that money she had should be
ative degree.
§Ú©a-èπ◊çú≈ à Ææ綵«-≠æù èπÿú≈ Öçúø-üË¢Á÷ éπü∆. äéπ enough and that Lakshmi need
be enough. You need Lakshmi need not get any.
1) Amitabh is the tallest of all actors -
´Ææ’h´¤ Ø√ùuûª, üµ¿®Ω†’, ÅüË ûª®Ω-í∫AéÀ -îÁç-C-† Éûª®Ω not/ did not need to get any
not get any.
Åçü¿®Ω’
Amitabh we are
´Ææ’h´¤© Ø√ùu-ûª, -üµ¿®ΩûÓ, äéπ ´uéÀhí∫’ù«-©’, Ç鬮Ωç, †ô’--™x Åûªuçûª §Ò-úø-´¤. Ééπ\úø money.
comparing all other actors with Amitabh -
íÌ°æp-ü¿†ç, Éûª®Ω ´uèπ◊h© Ç鬮Ωç, íÌ°æp-ü¿†ç, í∫’ù«-©ûÓ
Lakshmi said that they must
¢√∞¡xç-
§ÚLa à-C, á´®Ω’ áèπ◊\¢Ó E®√l¥-®Ω-ùèπ◊ ®√´-ô¢Á÷, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Lakshmi: We must not Lakshmi says that they must not spend
ü¿J™ Éûª†’ Åûªuçûª §Ò-úø-´¤ Åçô’Ø√oç. Ééπ\úø
spend much time much time there as they have to get not spend much time there as
tallest superlative degree. ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
í∫öÀdí¬ ¢√Cç--éÓ-´-ô¢Á÷ îËÆæ’hçö«ç éπü∆.
Spoken English ™ Ñ §ÚL-éπ©-†’ -á-™« ´uéπh°æ®Ω’- there. We have to get back to make other arrangements. they had to get back to make
1) *´®Ω +est, +st í¬F´ÊÆh ÅCsuperlative degree. other arrangements.
≤ƒh¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Grammar ™ Å®·ûË a) tallest, highest, shortest, slightest, etc. ÉN
back to make other
DEo Degrees of comparisons Åçö«-®ΩE ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà arrangements.