Giao Trinh 2006 Phan Can Ban

Trung Tam Tin Hoc,Khoa CNTT Trng ai hoc S pham Ky thuat Tp.
HCM
Bien soan : ThS. Le Linh 1
TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT
KHOA CONG NGHE THONG TIN
TRUNG TAM TIN HOC

GIAO TRNH

AUTOCAD CAN BAN

TP.HCM THANG 9/2010

Trung Tam Tin Hoc,Khoa CNTT Trng ai hoc S pham Ky thuat Tp.HCM
MUC LUC
BAI 1 5
I. GII THIEU AUTOCAD2006 5
II. CACH KHI ONG VA MAN HNH O HOA CUA AUTOCAD 2006 5
2.1. CAI AT VA KHI ONG AUTOCAD 2006 5
2.2. CACH CHON N V VE CHO AUTOCAD. 6
2.3. CAU TRUC MAN HNH AUTOCAD 2006. 7
2.4. CAC CACH NHAP LENH CHO AUTOCAD 2006 10
2.5. CAC PHM TAT S DUNG TRONG AUTOCAD 2006 11
2.6. CAC HE TRUC TOA O S DUNG TRONG AUTOCAD 2006 11
2.7. BIEU TNG HE TRUC TOA O (LENH UCSICON) 12
2.8. HE TRUC TOA O NGI S DUNG (LENH UCS) 13
2.9. IEM VA CAC PHNG PHAP NHAP IEM (LENH POINT) 15
2.10. VE OAN THANG BANG (LENH LINE) 16
2.11. VE NG TRON BANG (LENH CIRCLE ) 19
2.12. XEN OI TNG (LENH TRIM) 22
2.13. XOA OI TNG (LENH ERASE) 28
2.14. HUY BO LENH TRC O (LENH UNDO ) 28
2.15. VE A GIAC EU CANH (LENH POLYGON ) 29
III. CHE O TRUY BAT IEM THNG TRU 32
1. CAC PHNG PHAP LAM XUAT HIEN HOP THOAI OSNAP SETTING 32
2. TRUY BAT IEM TAM TRU 33
3. TRUY BAT IEM THNG TRU 34
BAI 2 41
1. TIEU CHUAN TRNH BAY BAN VE KY THUAT 41
1.1. KHO GIAY 41
1.2. KHO GIAY CHNH 42
1.3. KHO GIAY PHU 42
2. CAC LENH VE TAO BAN VE MI 42
3. CAC PHNG PHAP GHI BAN VE 48
3.1. LU BAN VE (LENH SAVE) 48
3.2. LU LAI BAN VE VI TEN KHAC (LENH SAVE AS) 48
4. CAC LENH DNG HNH 48
4.1. BO TRON CAC OI TNG (LENH FILLET) 48
4.2. XEN MOT PHAN OI TNG GIA HAI IEM TREN OI TNG (LENH BREAK) 54
4.3. SAO CHEP ONG DANG (LENH OFFSET) 55
4.4. SAO CHEP THEO DAY VA AT ANH THEO DAY (LENH ARRAY) 56
4.5. VE NG CONG TRN (LENH SPLINE) 60
BAI 3 63
1. TAO LP MI BANG (LENH LAYER ) 63
2. VE CUNG TRON (LENH ARC) 69
3. VE ELLIPSE VA CUNG ELILPSE (LENH ELLIPSE) 72
4. SAO CHEP VAT THE VI ANH OI XNG QUA NG THANG (LENH MIRROR) 75
5. VAT MEP CAC CANH (LENH CHAMFER) 75
6. VE HNH CH NHAT (LENH RECTANGLE) 77
7. HIEU CHNH THUOC TNH CAC NET VE (LENH PEDIT) 79
BAI 4 83
1. VE A TUYEN ( LENH POLYLINE ) 83
1.1. SA CHA POLYLINE TRONG AUTOCAD 2006 83
1.2. AT IEM LENH POLYLINE 83
1.3. VE OAN THANG 83
1.4. VE CUNG TRON 84
2. SAO CHEP VAT THE (LENH COPY) 84
3. TNH TIEN VAT THE (LENH MOVE) 85
4. QUAY VAT THE XUNG QUANH MOT IEM (LENH ROTATE) 86
5. VE MAT CAT (LENH HATCH VA LENH BHATCH) 87
6. KEO DAI OAN THANG (LENH EXTEND) 93
7. GHI KCH THC 94
8. MOT VAI KIEU GHI KCH THC THONG DUNG NHAT 97
8.1. GHI KCH THC THANG 97
8.2. GHI KICH THC THANG CHO NG NGHIENG (LENH DIMALIGNED) 101
8.3. GHI KCH THC BAN KNH (LENH DIMRADIUS) 102
8.4. GHI KCH THC NG KNH (LENH DIMDIAMETER) 102
8.5. GHI DAU TAM (LENH DIMCENTER) 103
8.6. GHI KCH THC GOC (LENH DIMANGULAR) 103
8.7. GHI TOA O IEM (LENH DIMORDINATE) 104
8.8. GHI CHU VI CUNG (LENH DIMARC) 104
8.9. GHI CHU VI CUNG (LENH DIMJOGGED) 105
8.10. GHI CHUOI KCH THC SONG SONG (LENH DIMBASELINE) 105
8.11. GHI CHUOI KCH THC NOI TIEP (LENH DIMCONTINUE) 106
8.12. TAO NHANH CHUOI KCH THC (LENH QDIM) 107
8.13. GHI KCH THC THEO NG DAN (LENH QLEADER) 108
8.14. GHI DUNG SAI HNH DANG V TR (LENH TOLERANCE) 108
8.15. HIEU CHNH CH SO KCH THC (LENH DDEDIT) 110
9. TRNH T TAO KIEU GHI KCH THC MI 110
BAI 5 118
1. CH VA SO TRONG BAN VE 118
1.1. KHO CH VA KIEU CH VIET 118
1.2. KHO CH 118
1.3. TAO KIEU CH BANG PHAN MEM AUTOCAD 118
2. TAO NHOM (LENH GROUP) 120
3. CHON OI TNG ( LENH SELECT) 121
4. LENH DDSELECT 121
5. CO DAN OI TNG (LENH STRETCH) 121
6. DI CHUYEN VA XOAY VAT THE (LENH ALIGN) 122
7. TAO MOT A TUYEN (LENH BOUNDARY) 123
8. NHOM CAC LENH NH LNG 124
8.1. LENH ID 124
8.2. LENH DIST 124
8.3. LENH AREA 124
BAI 6 125
1. TAO BLOCK 125
1.1. LENH BLOCK 125
1.2. GHI BLOCK THANH FILE (LENH WBLOCK ) 126
2. CHEN BLOCK BANG (LENH INSERT ) 127
3. NHAP IEM BANG PHNG PHAP LOC TOA O CHC NANG ( FILTER POINT) 128
4. NHAP TOA O BANG PHEP TOAN ( CALCULATE ) 128
5. CHIA OAN THANG THANH NHIEU PHAN BANG NHAU (LENH DIVIDE) 129
6. CHIA OAN THANG THANH NHIEU PHAN BANG NHAU (LENH MEASURE) 130
7. LENH VE NG TRON CO BE DAY (LENH DONUT) 131
8. VE OAN THANG CO BE DAY (LENH TRACE) 131
9. NH TY LE BANG (LENH SCALE) 132
10. VE NA NG THANG (LENH RAY) 132
11. VE NG DONG LENH XLINE (CONTRUCTION LINE ) 133
12. VE HAI NG THANG SONG SONG (LENH MLINE) 134
13. VE NG CONG MEM (LENH SKETCH ) 135
14. TY LE BAN VE 135
15. HIEU CHNH CAC TNH CHAT CUA OI TNG 136
16. THAY OI OI TNG BANG (LENH CHANGE) 137
17. THAY OI AC TNH BANG (LENH CHPROP ) 138
18. THAY OI O DAI OAN THANG BANG (LENH LENGTHEN ) 138
19. CAC PHNG PHAP LA CHON OI TNG ( SELECT OBJECT ) 139
BAI 7 142
1. IN VA XUAT BAN VE 142
2. NHUNG BAN VE 143
3. GII THIEU VE BAN VE 3D 143
PHU LUC 144
NHNG LENH TAT C BAN VA NANG CAO TRONG AUTOCAD 144

BAI 1
I. Gii thieu AutoCAD2006
Ban ve ky thuat ra i va phat trien theo nhu cau i song cua con ngi va theo
s oi hoi cua thc tien san xuat. Hnh thc va noi dung cua ban ve cung thay oi theo s
phat trien khong ngng cua khoa hoc ky thuat.
Ban ve ngay cang co kha nang dien ta vat the mot cach ro rang theo ung ty le ve
kch thc, c trnh bay theo nhng tieu chuan thong nhat cua quoc gia ( TCVN ) va
tieu chuan quoc te ( ISO ) vi nhng dung cu ve chnh xac va t ong hoa cao.
Tren the gii ban ve ky thuat la tai lieu trao oi cac van e lien quan en khoa hoc
ky thuat. T o moi hoat ong san xuat va ky thuat eu the hien bang ban ve, nen ban ve
a tr thanh Ngon ng cua ky thuat.
Vi xu the phat trien manh me cua tin hoc va nhat la may tnh ien t ca nhan, cac
phan mem o hoa a c a vao ng dung trong viec lap ban ve thiet ke va che tao.
Ve bang may tnh ien t cho phep t ong hoa s ly thong tin ve nham nang cao nang
xuat lao ong, chat lng cong viec va san pham, no von chiem t 30 70% sc lao ong
cua ngi thiet ke. V vay viec nghien cu s ly nhanh thong tin ve bang may tnh co y
ngha rat quan trong trong viec ng dung may tnh ien t e t ong hoa thiet ke.
Ngay nay, nhu cau ng dung va phat trien cua t ong hoa thiet ke che tao oi
hoi con ngi phai co kha nang s dung may tnh ien t trong lnh vc t ong hoa ve
thiet ke va ieu khien san xuat .
Trong ky thuat, phan mem AutoCAD cua hang Autodesk la mot trong nhng phan
mem c s dung pho bien nhat trong cac phan mem tr giup thiet ke CAD (Computer
Aided Design).
e thc hien mot ban ve bang may tnh ien t ta khong ch biet s dung lenh ma
phan ong vai tro quan trong nhat la biet phan tch hnh ve, nam vng phng phap chieu
va cac kien thc ve tieu chuan xay dng ban ve ky thuat. Do o thiet ke phan mem
AutoCAD khong ch co kien thc ve s dung phan mem ma phai co kien thc ve chuyen
mon. Phan mem AutoCAD ch la cong cu ho tr ac lc e hoan thien ban ve ky thuat
mot cach nhanh chong va chnh xac ma thoi. Hau het cac ban ve co the thc hien bang
thc ke va compa ... th eu co the thc hien bang AutoCAD mot cach chnh xac va
nhanh chong.
Phien ban AutoCAD 2006 chay trong moi trng Windows,Win NTva WIN XP ...
II. Cach khi ong va man hnh o hoa cua AutoCAD 2006
2.1. Cai at va khi ong AutoCAD 2006
e s dung c AutoCAD 2006 th phan cng cua may tnh toi thieu phai la
Pentium 3, vi 128 Mb RAM, o CD... Khi cai at chng trnh AutoCAD 2006 ta dung
AutoRun. Khi ong AutoCAD 2006 co cac cach sau ay:
- Nhap up bieu tng AutoCAD 2006 tren man hnh Windows desktop.

- Neu tren man hnh Windows Desktop cha co bieu tng AutoCAD 2006 nay th
vao Start Program Autodesk AutoCAD 2006 AutoCAD 2006.exe

2.2. Cach chon n v ve cho AutoCAD.
Sau khi khi ong man hnh AutoCAD 2006 xuat hien hop thoai Startup nh
hnh ve:
Tren hop thoai nay gom 4 trang tng ng vi 4 cach nh dang ban ve mi. Neu ta khong
s dung 4 trang noi tren th hay nhap mouse vao nut Cancel hoat phm ESC e tr ve
man hnh AutoCAD.

Hop thoai Startup
oi vi AutoCAD 2004; AutoCAD 2005; AutoCAD 2006; AutoCAD 2007; AutoCAD
2008; AutoCAD 2009; AutoCAD 2010; AutoCAD 2011:
e xuat hien hop thoai tren ta lam nh sau:
T dong lenh
Command: STARUP
Enter new value for STARTUP <1>:
[1] Che o m hop thoai STARUP
[0] Tat che o hop thoai STARUP
Ta chon n v ve la Metric

2.3. Cau truc man hnh AutoCAD 2006.
Man hnh o hoa AutoCAD 2006

Drawing Area : La vung o hoa ( Graphic area) co dien tch ln nhat gia man
hnh. vung o hoa nay ta co the thay oi cac thuoc tnh cua man hnh bang cach m hop
thoai Option nh sau:
T Menu bar Tool Options .
( V du thay oi mau cua man hnh graphic-t mau en sang mau trang )

Si toc
He truc toa
o UCS
Thanh cong cu ve
(Vung ve)
Vung o hoa
Ca so Lenh
Model & Layout tabs
Menu bar
Thanh trt
ngang doc
Thanh trang thai
Thay oi mau t Hop thoai Color Options :
Cursor : La giao iem cua hai oan thang (con tro) , tai o co hnh vuong va ta co
the nh kch thc cho o vuong nay bang cach m hop thoai Options trong muc Selection
sau o keo thanh trt o o Pick box Size trong trang Selection.

Trang Selection trong hop thoai Options
Crosshair : La hai si toc theo phng X va Y giao nhau tai con tro (Cursor ), ta
co the nh kch thc 2 si toc nay bang cach m hop thoai Option va m trang Display,
sau o keo thanh trt o Crosshairs Size e thay oi kch thc chieu dai 2 si toc
Crosshair ( Can chu y :Tr so ghi trong o la gia tr phan tram - % ).

Menu bar : La danh muc chnh nam pha tren man hnh trong AutoCAD 2006, neu
ay u th gom 12 danh muc: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tool, Draw, Modify,
Express, Windows va Help.

Pull-Down Menu: La danh muc lenh (danh muc keo xuong) khi ta chon mot danh
muc tren Menu Bar se xuat hien mot danh muc lenh keo xuong, tai danh muc nay ta
co the chon mot lenh e thc hien.
V du : Chon lenh ve cung tron i qua iem au, iem cuoi va tam cua cung tron bang
Pull-Down Menu.

Screen Menu : La danh muc man hnh cha cac nhom lenh cua AutoCAD
2006.Trong AutoCAD 2006 th Screen Menu khong e mac nh ma ta phai m tat hop
thoai Screen Menu bang cach m hop thoai Options Display sau o anh dau vao o
Display Screen Menu
Command Line va Command Window: Cac dong nhac lenh (Command Line )
nam trong ca so lenh ( Command Window ) ay la ni giao tiep vi may. Ta co the m
rong hay thu hep vung Commad Window bang cach ch con tro vao ng ranh gii gia
vung o hoa va Command Window cho en khi con tro xuat hien mui ten hai au co hai
vach song song gia th ta nhan va gi phm trai cua chuot (mouse) keo len va xuong e
thay oi vung Command Window

Toolbars : La thanh cong cu cha cac nut lenh cua AutoCAD 2006. tren nh
man hnh thng co thanh cong cu chuan Standard Toolbar. Khi can s dung cac thanh
cong cu khac, co the bat, tat bang cac cach sau ay: a con tro len thanh cong cu click
chuot phai va chon nhng thanh cong cu can s dung, chon thanh cong cu can dung hoac
t Pull-Down Menu : hop thoai Toolbar tren hop thoai nay ta nhan phm chon vao cac o
ma ( ta muon hien hay tat).
V du: Toolbars Draw

Toolbars Modify

Ta chon cac toolbars sau e ve:

2.4. Cac cach nhap lenh cho AutoCAD 2006
AutoCAD 2006 co nhieu cach nhap mot lenh nh sau:
V du: Nhap lenh Line
Command: line (Nhap lenh t ban phm)
Hoac t :
Pull-Down Menu : DrawLine
Screen Menu chon lenh Line
Toolbar chon lenh t nut lenh Line tren thanh cong cu
Ngoai ra ta co the s dung shorcut Menu la hop thoai Menu phm tat no cha cac
lenh va cac la chon giup ta ve nhanh chong hn . Ta co the lam xuat hien bat c luc nao
bang cach a con tro (Mouse) vao vung o hoa va an phm phai se xuat hien mot trong
sau Toolbar sau ay :
Edit, Commad, Object Snap,Defaulf, Ole, Grips.

WCS

2.5. Cac phm tat s dung trong AutoCAD 2006
F
1
xem tr giup (Help).
F
2
chuyen oi man hnh o hoa vi man hnh van ban hoac ngc lai
F
3
hoac Ctrl + F tat m che o truy bat iem thng tru (Osnap Setting ) .
F
5
hoac Ctrl + E khi Snap va Grid chon la Isometric th phm nay dung e chuyen
t mat hnh chieu truc o nay sang mat hnh chieu truc o khac .
F
6
hoac Ctrl + D m tat Coords, dung hien th hay tat toa o cua con chay trong
vung o hoa ( Gia tr toa o nam pka di vung ve ).
F7 hoac Ctrl + G dung e hien hay tat mang li iem ( Grid ) .
F
8
hoac Ctrl + L dung e m hay tat che o Ortho . che o nay cho phep ta ve
cac ng thang song song vi cac truc toa o.
F
9
hoac Ctrl + B dung e m hay tat che o li Snap ( bc nhay cua Cursor .
F
10
hoac Ctrl + U dung e m hay tat che o Polar Tracking .
F
11
hoac Ctrl + w dung e m hay tat che o Objec Snap Tracking .
Ctrl + 1 thc hien lenh Properties .
Ctrl + 2 hien len AutoCAD Design Center Window .
Ctrl + 6 xuat hien Dbconnect Window .
Ctrl + A m hoac tat cac oi tng c chon bang lenh Group .
Ctrl + C Copy hay sao chep oi tng ve len Clipboard .
Ctrl + N thc hien lenh New .
Ctrl + O thc hien lenh Open .
Ctrl + P thc hien lenh Plot hay Print .
Ctrl + S thc hien lenh Save hay Qsave .
Ctrl + V lenh dan oi tng t Clipboard vao ban ve.
Phm phai mouse khi mouse ang vung ve se hien ra Shortcut menu.

2.6. Cac he truc toa o s dung trong AutoCAD 2006
Co hai he thong toa o
He WCS (Word Coordinate System): La he toa o tong quat c mac nh
tai iem goc duy nhat la( 0,0,0 ).Trong ban ve AutoCAD thong thng ta chon iem goc
toa o ( 0,0,0 ) cua WCS ben trai & pha di cua ban ve .
bieu tng ( Icon ) cua WCS :


He UCS (User Coordinate System) la he toa ongi dungtao ra trong tng
trng hp cu the: bieu tng UCS

Lenh UCSicon e ieu khien s hien th chung:

2.7. Bieu tng he truc toa o (Lenh UCSicon)
Command: UCSICON
Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin/Properties] <ON>:
Cac la chon
- ON : M bieu tng tren man hnh
- OFF : Tat bieu tng tren man hnh.
- All : The hien bieu tng toa o tren moi khung nhn (Viewport ).
- Origin : Bieu tng luon luon di chuyen theo goc toa o (iem 0,0,0 cua
UCS)
- Noorigin : Bieu tng ch xuat hien tai goc trai man hnh.
- Properties : Xac lap cac tnh chat bieu tng he toa o (UCS icon)
Th du:
Command: UCSICON
Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin/Properties] <ON>: P
(Xuat hien hop thoai e ta chon kieu hien th bieu tng he toa o ve loai, size, mau
trang Model va Layout ).

Rotate About Z Axis
WCS UCS

2.8. He truc toa o ngi s dung (Lenh UCS)
Lenh UCS co the goi t

Lenh UCS cho phep ta di va quay he toa o, co ngha la tao he toa o mi.
Cau truc cau lenh
Command: UCS
Current ucs name: *WORLD*
Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]
<World>: N (Nhap ch cai au , hoac vao Tools Menu chon lenh UCS)
Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>:

Cac la chon lenh UCS s dung trong ban ve 2D
Pull Down Menu Type in Toolbars
Tools / New UCS UCS Tools
- Prev : Tr ve UCS trc o
- New : Tao UCS mi, khi nhap N xuat hien :
Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>: ( nhap toa
o iem goc UCS mi )
- ZAxis : Tao he toa o bang cach chon hai iem e xac nh truc OZ (Mat
phang XOY se vuong goc vi OZ va i qua iem th nhat) .
- 3point : iem 1 la goc toa o,iem 2 ch chieu dng cua OX con iem 3 xac
nh hng dng cua OY.
- Object : Chon mot vat the lam truc hoac mat phang toa o.
- Face : Chon mot mat phang lam mat phang XOY
- World : tr ve toa o goc( ay la chc nang mac nh ).
He truc toa o e cac
He toa o e - cac c thiet lap bi mot iem goc toa o la giao iem gia 2
truc vuong goc: truc hoanh OX nam ngang, truc tung OY thang ng, giao iem c gan
cho la goc toa o ( 0,0 ).Mot iem trong he toa o hai chieu ( 2D ) xac nh bi hai gia tr
hoanh o X va tung o Y dau ( + ) dng hay dau ( - ) am tuy thuoc vao v tr iem o so
vi cac truc va goc toa o.
He toa o cc
He toa o cc c s dung e nh v tr mot iem trong mat phang X,Y toa o
cc ch nh khoang cach va goc so vi goc toa o ( 0,0 ) ng chuan theo chieu dng
(+ ) truc X cua he toa o e - cac vi quy c goc dng ( + ) la goc ngc chieu kim
ong ho
90
o
0
o
Goc toa o
ng chuan
180
0
270
0
M
270
0
Y
X
Y
X
( 0,0 )
M
90
o
0
o
Goc toa o
180
0
M
Y
M
X
M
ng
chuan
2.9. iem va cac phng phap nhap iem (Lenh Point)
Lenh point cho phep nhap mot iem vao trong man hnh. iem mac nh la mot cham
nho. Tuy vay ta co the chon cac dang khac trong Point style
Khi s dung lenh DDptype se lam xuat hien hop thoai sau ay:

Cac la chon:
Set size relative to screen: Kch thc tng oi so vi man hnh ( tnh theo % so
vi man hnh )
Set size in obsolute Units: nh kch thc tuyet oi cua iem ( theo n v ve )
Chon dang cua iem tren bang va nhan nut OK. iem la mot oi tng, do o khi
truy bat iem phai dung chc nang NODe.

Cac cach nhap iem thng dung
a) Dung phm chon ( pick )
Nhan phm trai cua mouse tai iem can chon. Cach nhap iem nay nhanh chong
nhng khong chnh xac.
b) Toa o tuyet oi
Nhap toa o tuyet oi X,Y cua iem theo goc toa o ( 0,0 ) theo chieu quy nh.

c) Toa o tng oi
+ X
+Y
-Y
( 0,0 )
( -30 , 50 ) ( 30 , 50 )
( 30 , -50 )
( -30 , -50 )
-
-X
Toa o tng oi la toa o cua iem so vi goc la iem a nhap trc o (ngha
la nhap toa o cua iem ma iem nhap cuoi cung c coi la goc tren ban ve ), tai dong
nhac lenh ta nhap @X, Y
Dau @ ( Atsign ) co ngha la toa o cua iem can nhap nhan iem cuoi cung (last
point )ma ta xac nh tren ban ve la goc toa o .
d ) Toa o cc
Toa o cc cua iem ( D < ) c xac nh bang khoang cach d gia iem
can nhap ti goc toa o ( 0,0 ) va goc nghieng cua vec t tao bi goc toa o va iem can
nhap so vi ng chuan.
V du:(d=30 , Ky hieu goc la > , So o goc la 60
0
) Ta nhap 30<60
e ) Toa o cc tng oi
Cach nhap:
Command :@d <
- d (distance): la khoang cach gia iem ta can xac nh va iem c nhap sau
cung ( last point ).
- la goc gia ng chuan (// OX) va oan thang noi hai iem iem (iem can
nhap va goc toa o tng oi ).
Quy c dau:
- Goc >0 la goc ngc chieu kim ong ho.
- Goc <0 la goc cung chieu kim ong ho.
f ) Nhap khoang cach trc tiep ( Direct Distance Enter ) :
- Nhap khoang cach tng oi so vi iem cuoi cung nhat (last point ) nh hng
bang Cursor va an Enter.
- Nhap bang so o.
- Nhap bang hai iem (Khoang cach la so o khoang cach hai iem).
- Nhap bang mot iem (Khoang cach la so o khoang cach t goc toa o ti
iem can nhap).

2.10. Ve oan thang bang (Lenh LINE)
Lenh Line dung e ve oan thang nam ngang, thang ng, hoac nam nghieng
trong lenh nay ta ch can nhap toa o cac au mut cua oan thang.
Lenh Line co the goi t

Cach goi lenh:

Draw toolbar:
Draw menu: Line
Command line: Line
Cau truc cau lenh :
Command: Line
Specify first point: ( nhap toa o iem au tien )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( nhap toa o iem cuoi cua oan thang )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( tiep tuc nhap toa o iem cuoi cua oan thang hoac enter
e ket thuc lenh )
V du : s dung toa o tuyet oi e ve hnh sau:

Command: L
LINE Specify first point: 0,0 ( nhap toa o iem P
1
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: 120,0 ( nhap toa o iem P
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: 120,30 ( nhap toa o iem P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 80,80 ( nhap toa o iem P
4
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 0,80 ( nhap toa o iem P
5
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ( la chon Close e ong a giac

V du :S dung toa o tng oi va lenh line e e ve hnh sau :

Command: L
LINE Specify first point: ( chon iem P
1
bat ky )
Specify next point or [Undo]: @120,0 ( nhap toa o iem P
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,30 ( nhap toa o iem P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-40,50 ( nhap toa o iem P
4
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-80,0 ( nhap toa o iem P
5
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ( la chon Close e ong a giac).

Vdu : s dung lenh line e va toa o cc tng oi e ve hnh sau:

Command: L
Command: _line Specify first point: ( chon iem P
1
bat ky )
Specify next point or [Undo]: @80<30 ( nhap toa o iem p
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @20<90 ( nhap toa o iem P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @80<150 ( nhap toa o iem P
4
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @80<210 ( nhap toa o iem P
5
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @20<-90 ( nhap toa o iem P
6
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ( la chon Close e ong a giac).

V du : s dung lenh line phng phap nhap khoang cach trc tiep e ve hnh sau:
(Chu y khi nhap trc tiep phai ket hp nh hng bang Cursor ).

Command: L (Dung F8 ON va dch chuyen Cursor e nh hng iem ke tiep se
nhap).
Line Specify first point: ( Chon iem P
1
bat ky )
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 ( nhap khoang cach P
1
P
2
)
2
P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 100 (nhap khoang cach P
3
P
4
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ( la chon Close e ong a giac )

P
1
P
4
P
3
P
2
2.11. Ve ng tron bang (lenh CIRCLE )
Cach goi lenh:

Draw toolbar:
Draw menu: Circle
Command line: Circle

Cau truc cau lenh :
Command: C ( nhap lenh Circle e ve ng tron )
Circle Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: ( chon mot iem e
lam tam cua ng tron )
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: ( nhap ban knh )
( Hoac muon nhap ng knh cua ng tron th ta phai nhap ch D sau o mi nhap
o ln cua ng knh).
V du : ve ng tron co tam O
1
ban knh R = 30 .

Command: C ( Go lenh ve ng tron bang Type in tai dong Command)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: ( chon mot iem O
1
bat ky
lam tam )
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 30 (nhap ban knh hoac ng knh cua ng
tron )
V du : Dung ket hp lenh line va Circle e ve hnh sau :

P
4
P
2
P
3
P
1
O
1

Command: UCS
: N
: Pick mouse tai P
1

Command: Line (nhap lenh Line tai dong Command )
Specify first point: 0,0 ( chon iem P
1
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: 120,0 ( ve oan P
1,
P
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,100 ( ve oan P
2
P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-120,0 (ve oan P
3
P
4
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ( ve oan P
4
P
1
)
Command: Line
Specify first point: 0,100 ( iem P
4
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: 120,0 ( iem P
2
)
Command:
Command: Circle ( nhap lenh ve ng tron )
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 60,50 ( truy bat iem gia
cua P
2
P
4
lam tam cua ng tron )
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40 >: 30 ( nhap ban knh R=30 )
V du : Dung lenh ket hp line va Circle e ve hnh sau :

Command: UCS
: N
: Pick mouse tai iem P
1

Command: Line ( nhap lenh Line e ve )
Specify first point: 0,0 (iem P
1
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: 120<0 ( ve oan P
1
P
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @100<90 ( ve oan P
2
P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @120<180 ( ve oan P
3
P
4
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ( ve oan P
4
P
1
)
Command: Line ( nhap lenh Line )
Specify first point: 0,100 (iem P
4
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: 120,0 (iem P
2
)
Command: C ( nhap lenh ve ng tron )
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 120,0 ( P
2
la tam cua
ng tron )
P
2 P
1
P
3
P
4
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] < 50 > : 30 ( ban knh R=30 )
+ Cac la chon khac:
- 3P: Ve ng tron qua 3 iem.

- 2P: Ve ng tron qua 2 diem va nhan 2 iem o lam ng knh.

- TTR: Ve ng tron tiep xuc vi 2 oi tng va co ban knh cho trc.
Tan,tan,tan: Ve ng tron tiep xuc vi 3 oi tng co san tren man hnh

2.12. Xen oi tng (Lenh TRIM)
Cach goi lenh:
Modify toolbar:
Modify menu: Trim
Command line: trim
Lenh TRIM dung e xen mot phan cua mot oi tng c gii han bi
mot hay hai giao iem cua no vi mot hay hai oi tng khac tren ban ve .
Cau truc cau lenh:
Command: Trim
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects or <select all>: 1 found (chon oi tng giao vi oi tng ma ta can xen
hay goi la ng gii han )
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total (chon tiep oi tng hoac enter ket thuc viec la chon )
Select objects: (Enter ket thuc viec chon gii han)
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( chon phan oi tng can xen )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( tiep tuc chon hoac Enter ket thuc lenh )
Cac la chon khac:
+ Edgemode: Cho phep ta xen phan oi tng nam gia cac giao vi ng
gii han khi keo dai (Extend) hoac khong (No extend).

V du:

Command: Trim
Select objects or <select all>: 1 found (chon ng gii han)
Select objects: ( Enter ket thuc la chon )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: E ( Chon Edgemode )
Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend/No extend] <No extend>: E ( la chon
Extend )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( chon oan can xen )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc lenh )
+ Projectmode : La chon nay cho phep ta xen cac canh cua mo hnh ba
chieu (mo hnh khung day), khi hnh chieu thang goc cua ng gii han va ng b cat
giao nhau tren XOY. Trong chc nang nay co 3 la chon sau:
View: la chon view cho phep xen mot oan bat ky cua hnh
chieu mo hnh ba chieu len mat phang song song vi man hnh mat du trong thc te
chung khong giao nhau.
None: Ch cho phep trim tat ca cac oi tng cung nam tren mot
mat phang.
UCS: cac oi tng cua mo hnh ba chieu c chieu len mat
phang XOY cua UCS hien hanh va cac oi tng b xen cung tren mat phang nay.
Undo: cho phep ta phuc hoi lai cac oan a xen

oan can xen
ng gii han
Sau khi xen
Trc khi xen
v du : ve hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
tiep xuc vi hai ng tron O
1
O
2
:

Bc 1:ve cac ng truc cua O
1

Command: Line
Specify first point: pick point (chon iem bat ky )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( chon iem bat ky lam iem cuoi cua truc ngang, chu y ta
ang che o Ortho-on )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc lenh ve ng thang )
Command: Line
Specify first point: pick poin ( chon iem bat ky eve tructhang ng )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( chon iem bat ky lam iem cuoi cua truc thang ng )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc lenh ve ng thang )
( en ay nen chuyen goc toa o ve giao iem cua 2 ng nay )
Bc 2: ve ng tron O
1
va O
2

Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : 0,0 hoac INT (chon
giao gia hai truc lam tam cua ng tron O
1
)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <20.0000>: 40
Command: Circle (ve ng tron O
2
)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 100,0
( hoac : From
Base point: Cen ( bat tam cua ng tron O
1
)
<Offset>: @100,0 )
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40 >: 20
Bc 3: ve ng tam cho ng tron O
2
Command: Line
Specify first point: 100,25 ( Chu y luc nay goc toa o cua UCS ang tam cua O
1
)
Specify next point or [Undo]:@ 0, - 50
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc lenh )
Bc 4: ve cac ng thang d
1
, d
2
tiep xuc vi O
1
, O
2
.
+Ve ng thang d
1
1
,O
2
.
Command: Line
Specify first point :Tan ( Truy bat iem tiep xuc t
1
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Tan ( chon iem tiep xuc t
2
)
+ Ve ng thang d
2
tiep xuc vi O
1
,O
2

Command: Line
Specify first point: Tan ( Chon iem tiep xuc t
1
)
O1
d2
d1
O2
Specify next point or [Undo]:Tan ( chon iem tiep xuc t
2
)

V du: ve ng thang d
1
, d
2
tiep xuc vi hai cung tron nh hnh ve sau :

Tng t nh v du tren .
Bc 1: Ve cac ng tam cho cac ng tron :

Command: Line ( ve ng tam nam ngang )
Specify first point: Pick Point ( chon mot iem bat ky lam iem au )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( chon iem ke tiep lam iem cuoi ng tam )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( ket thuc lenh )
Command: Line ( ve ng tam thang ng )
Specify first point: Pick Point ( chon mot iem bat ky lam iem au )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( chon iem ke tiep lam iem cuoi ng tam )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( ket thuc lenh )
Bc 2:ve ng tron c
1
, c
2
, c
3
, c
4

Command: Circle ( Ve ng tron c
1
)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: INT ( chon giao cua hai
truc lam tam O
1
)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <10 >: 40 ( nhap ban knh cua c
1
)
Command: Circle ( ve ng tron c
2
)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @
hoac Cen sau o truy bat tam ng tron c
1

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40 >: 20 ( Nhap ban knh c
2
)
3
)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @ 100,0
Hoac From
Base point: Cen ( Truy bat tam O
1
)
<Offset>: @100,0
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] < 20 >: 20 ( nhap ban knh c
3
)
4
)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)]: @
hoac : Cen sau o truy bat tam O
2
.
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] < 20 >: 10 ( Nhap ban knh c
4
)
Bc 3: ve ng tam cho c
3
va c
4

Command: Line ( ve ng truc thang ng )
Specify first point: @ 0,25
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,-50
t2
O1
d2
t1
d1
t'2
O2
t'1
C
1
C
2
C
3
C
4
d1
d2
O1
t'1
t1
O2
t2
t'2
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Enter ket thuclenh )
Bc 4: ve ng thang d
1
, d
2
tiep xuc vi c
1
, c
3 .

Command: Line ( ve ng thang d
1
)
Specify first point: Tan ( Truy bat iem tiep xuc t
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Tan ( truy bat iem tiep xuc t
2
)
Command: Line ( ve ng thang d
2
)
1
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Tan ( Truy bat iem tiep xuc t
2
)
Command: Trim
Select objects or <select all>: 1 found( chon d
1
lam ng gii han th nhat )
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total( chon d
2
lam ng gii han th hai )
Select objects: ( Enter ket thuc viec la chon )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( chon oi tng can xen bo na g tron
R20 )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( tiep tuc chon oi tng can xen bo na
g tron R40)
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc viec la chon )

ng thang tiep xuc chung trong:
e ve ng thang tiep tuyen chung trong cua hai vong tron ta van lam tng t nh tren
nhng phai lu y chon tiep iem thch hp .

V du: ve ng thang d
1
,d
2
1
va O
2

Bc 1: ve ng tam cho O
1
Command: Line
Specify first point: Pick Point ( chon mot iem bat ky lam iem au cho ng tam thang
ng )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Chon iem tiep theo lam iem cuoi cua ng truc thang
ng co o dai bang 45 x 2 )
Command: Line
Specify first point: Pick Point ( Chon mot iem bat ky lam iem au cho ng tam nam
ngang )
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( chon iem tiep theo lam iem cuoi cua ng tam nam
ngang o dai cua no bang 25 + 120 + 45 )
Bc 2: Ve cac ng tron O
1
, O
2
Command: Circle ( ve ng tron O
1
)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:INT ( Truy bat giao gia
hai ng tam lam tam O
1
)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <10.0000>: 40 ( Nhap ban knh cho ng tron
O
1
)
Command: Circle ( Ve ng tron O
2
)
hoac :From
Base point: Cen ( Truy bat tam O
1
)
<Offset>: @120,0 ( xac nh c tam O
2
)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40.0000>: 20 Nhap ban knh cho ng tron O
2

Bc 3:ve ng tam cho O
2
Command: Line
Specify first point: @ 0,25
Specify next point or [Undo]:@ 0,-50
Bc4: Ve d
1
, d
2
tiep xuc vi ng tron tam O
1
,O
2
Command: Line ( Ve ng thang d
1
)
1
)
2
)
Command: Line ( Ve ng thang d
2
)
1
)
2
)
Command: Trim
Select objects or <select all>: 1 found( chon ng lam gii han th nhat )
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total( chon ng lam gii han th hai )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( chon oi tng can xen bo na g tron
R20 )
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( tiep tuc chon oi tng can xen bo na
g tron R40)
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc viec la chon )

Ghi chu:
Nh vay qua cac v du tren ta co the rut ra ket luan rang, khi ve ng thang tiep xuc
vi cac cung tron th phan mem AutoCAD khong phan biet la tiep xuc trong hay tiep xuc
ngoai ma hoan toan phu thuoc vao cach chon iem tiep xuc khi ve v tiep iem se gan vi
iem chon .
2.13. Xoa oi tng (Lenh Erase)
Cach goi lenh:
Modify toolbar:
Modify menu: Erase
Shortcut menu: Select the objects to erase, right-click in the drawing area,
and click Erase.
Command line: erase
Lenh ERASE cho phep xoa bo cac vat the c chon
Command : ERASE
Selech Objects: Pick mouse vao oi tng can xoa.
Selech Objects:
Chu y :
- Cac vat the b xoa se b bien thanh net t e ta kiem tra lai trc khi Enter thc
hien lenh xoa .
- Ta cung co the pick mouse vao vat the trc khi nhap lenh Erase.
- e tao khoang trong tren man hnh ta co the dung hai thang keo ng va ngang
canh ban ve ( Cross bar )
- Cac chc nang khac cua Select objects se hoc ky phan sau .
2.14. Huy bo lenh trc o (Lenh Undo )
Cach goi lenh:
Standard toolbar:
Command line: undo
Lenh UNDO la loai lenh co the thc hien t Command nh thong thng
nhng cung co the c thc hien ngay trong khi ang thc hien .
Khi lenh Undo s dung trong mot lenh khac th no ch xoa bo oi tng va thc hien
trc o . Nhng neu lenh Undo thc hien t dau nhac Command th no se xoa het cac oi
tng c tao ra do lenh trc o.
V du : Lenh Undo thc hien sau lenh Line th se xoa het cac oan thang tao ra t
lenh Line . Neu ang dung lenh Line ma ta phat hien net va nhap b sai th ta dung lenh
Undo ngay sau net sai o e xoa net va ve xong.
(Line la lenh n nen khi dung lenh Erase e xoa net cuoi cung th cung tng t nh
khi dung lenh Undo trong khi ang ve Line . Nhng neu dung Undo sau khi hoan thanh
lenh Line th toan bo cac line a ve trong lenh Line trc o se b xoa het ).

2.15. Ve a giac eu canh (Lenh Polygon )
Cach goi lenh:
Draw toolbar:
Draw menu: Polygon
Command line: polygon

Lenh Polygon cho phep ve a giac eu co so canh bat ky. Co 3 cach ve a giac
eu :

Cac loai a giac eu 1. a giac noi tiep
2. a giac
ngoai tiep
3. a giac co chieu
dai cach

Cach 1 Biet trc ban knh ng tron noi tiep cua a giac eu.
Cach lam nh sau :

Ve hnh ch nhat
Command: Line
Specify first point: ( chon mot iem bat ky P1 lam iem au cho ng thang)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @150,0 (P2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,100 (P3)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-150,0 (P4)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C
Ve ng cheo hnh ch nhat
Command: Line
Specify first point: (chon iem P2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: (chon iem P4)
Specify next point or [Undo]: (Enter ket thuc lenh)
Ve ng tron 40
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan
radius)]: (chon iem Midpoint)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <20.0000>: 40 (nhap ban knh)
Xoa ng line cheo hnh ch nhat
Command: Erase
Select objects: 1 found (chon ng line cheo)
Select objects: Enter e ket thuc lenh
Ve a giac eu
Command: Polygon
Enter number of sides <4>: 5 ( Nhap so lng canh a giac )
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: (Nhap toa o tam ng tron)
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: I
Specify radius of circle: @40<90 ( Nhap ban knh ng tron hoac bat Quadrant cua
ng tron 40)
Th du ve ngoi sao:

Cach 2 Biet trc ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep cua a giac eu.

Command : Polygon
Enter number of side <4> : 6 ( Nhap so lng canh a giac )
Specify center of polygon or ( Edge ) :(Nhap toa o tam ng tron)
Enter an option (Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle): C
Specify radius of circle :40 ( Nhap ban knh ng tron )
Cach 3 Biet trc o ln va v tr cua mot canh cua a giac eu.

Command : Polygon
Enter number of side <4> : 6 ( Nhap so lng canh a giac )
Specify center of polygon or ( Edge ) : E
Specify first endpoint of edge : ( Nhap mot nh cua Polygon )
Specify second endpoint of edge : @60,0 ( Nhap nh th hai cua Polygon )

III. Che o truy bat iem thng tru

1. Cac phng phap lam xuat hien hop thoai Osnap Setting

Pull down Menu Cursor menu Type in Toolbar
Tool / Drafting setting Osnap setting Osnap/Ddosnap Osnap
e gan che o truy bat thng tru bang hop thoai Drafting Setting tren hop thoai nay ta
chon Object Snap .
e lam xuat hen hop thoai Drafting Setting ta co cac cach sau :
Thc hien lenh Ddosnap, Osnap, Ddrmodes.
Nhan phm shift va phm phai chuot tren vung o hoa se lam xuat hien
Shortcut Menu Osnap va ta chon Osnap Setting . . .
Neu trc o cha co gan che o truy bat iem thng tru th ta co the chon
nut osnap tren Status Bar.
Chon TOOL DRAFTING SETTINGS . . .
Hop thoai: DRAFTING SETTINGS

Khi xuat hien hop thoai Drafting Setting ta chon trang Object Osnap tren trang nay
se xuat hien hop thoai Drafting Setting bao gom 15 phng thc truy bat iem ta co the
chon bat ky mot che o nao ta can hoac chon Select All.
Cac phng thc truy bat iem cua oi tng Object snap
Trong khi thc hien cac lenh ve AutoCAD co nhieu trng hp ta nhap 1 iem
ma cac toa o cua no trung vi mot iem co san tren net ve. V du : iem cuoi cua mot
oan thang, iem gia cua mot oan thang, iem gia cua mot cung tron, tam cua mot
ng tron, giao cua hai oan thang... Khi o ta s dung cac phng thc truy bat iem va
tai giao iem cua hai cursor xuat hien mot o vuong co ten goi Aperture hay la o vuong
truy bat va tai iem can truy bat xuat hien Marker ( khung hnh ky hieu phng thc truy
bat ).
Ta co the gan phng thc bat iem theo hai phng phap sau :
2. Truy bat iem tam tru
Phng thc truy bat iem tam tru ch s dung mot lan khi truy bat mot iem. Khi
can truy bat tiep ta lai phai thc hien lai .
TAM CHU: ch bat mot lan, muon bat lan tiep theo phai goi lai

la cach xac nh iem t ong cua autocad (can s dung toi a neu co the)
Cac loai iem thng dung:
IEM CENterpoint: iem tam cung tron, vong tron, ellipse
IEM ENDpoint: iem au mut cac oi tng LINE, ARC
IEM INTersection: iem giao nhau cua cac oi tng
IEM MIDpoint: iem gia cac oi tng
IEM PERpendicular: iem vuong goc hay iem hng knh cac oi tng
IEM QUAdrant: iem goc phan t cua cung tron, vong tron, ellipse
IEM TANgent: iem tiep xuc gia cac oi tng
IEM FROM: iem co toa o tng oi so vi mot iem c s (BASE POINT) nao o
Che o truy bat iem tam tru :
Bat au mot lenh oi hoi phai ch nh iem ( specify a point ) v du : arc, circle,
line, copy, move . . .hoac khi tai dong nhac cua lenh co yeu cau ch nh iem ( to point,
from point . . .) th ta phai chon phng thc bat iem bang mot trong cac phng phap
sau:
+ Click vao toolbar Button tren thanh cong cu Standard va gi nguyen phm trai .
T o tha xuong thanh Object Snap va ta ch can di chuyen mouse ti v tr cua chc nang
can chon th nha phm trai ra .
+ Nhan ong thi phm shift va phm phai chuot (khi con tro ang tren vung o
hoa) th tai v tr con tro se xuat hien bang Osnap sau o ta chon chc nang bat iem can
thiet tren bang nay .
+ Nhap ten tat ( 3 ch cai au tien cua chc nang ) vao dong nhac
+ T View Toolbars Object snap thanh cong cu, tai ay ta chon chc
nang can thiet .
Sau khi la chon di chuyen o vuong truy bat oi tng ti net ve can bat va i
khi tren net ve xuat hien dau hieu tng ng th nhap phm trai chuot e truy bat .

3. Truy bat iem thng tru
( Running object snaps )
La phng thc bat iem ch khai bao mot lan cho en khi tat che o nay ( Dung
phm F3 hoac nut OSNAP e bat, tat chc nang nay ).
Cac phng thc truy bat iem :
Center (CEN ) :
Dung e truy bat tam ng tron, cung tron, Ellipse. Khi truy bat ta ch can chon oi tng
co tam .

End point (END) :
Dung e truy bat au mut cua Line, Spline, Arc, phan oan Pline, Mline, iem cuoi b truy
bat la iem gan iem chon.

Insert :
Dung e truy bat iem chen cua dong Text hoac Block ( khoi ) chon mot iem bat ky cua
dong Text hoac block va nhap phm chon.

V tr Center
V tr Center
V tr Center
V tr Endpoint
V tr Endpoint

Intersection (INT ) :
Dung e truy bat giao iem cua hai oi tng muon truy bat th giao iem phai nam trong
o vuong truy bat .
Ngoai ra vi phng phap truy bat nay ta co the chon hai oi tng giao e truy bat giao
iem ma iem giao nhau nay khi keo dai mi gap nhau ( khi s dung Mode extend)

Midpoint (MID ) :
Dung e truy bat iem gia cua mot Line, Spline, hoac mot Arc khi o ta ch can chon
mot iem bat ky thuoc oi tng.

Nearest (NEA) :
Truy bat 1 iem thuoc oi tng gan giao iem vi hai si toc nhat (cursor) .Ta e cho o
vuong truy bat en cham oi tng gan iem truy bat va nhap phm chon.
Line
V TR MID
MID
V TR MID
MID
Arc
V tr Intersection
Line
Line
V tr Intersection
Circle
Arc
V tr iem chen
V tr Intersection
V tr Intersection

Node (NOD) :
Dung truy bat mot iem c ve bang lenh Point . Ta di chuyen o vuong truy bat en
cha iem can bat va nhap phm chon .

Perpendicular(PER ) :
Truy bat chan ng vuong goc vi oi tng c chon, di chuyen o vuong cham vi oi
tng va nhap phm chon .

Quadrant (QUA ) :
Truy bat iem 1 trong 4 iem thuoc ng knh nam ngang hoac thang ng tren ng
tron , ellipse hoac cung tron . Cho o vuong truy bat cham vi oi tng gan iem can truy
bat va nhap phm chon.

Nea
V tr Nearest
V tr bat Node
NODE
PER
PER

Eillippse
Truy bat QUAdrant gan nhat
QUA
Arc
QUA
Circlee
QUA
Tangent (TAN ) :
Truy bat tiep iem cua line vi cung tron, ellipse, spline, cung tron hoac cua hai ng
cong vi nhau.

From (FROM ):
Cho phep xac nh mot iem lam goc toa o tng oi va tm mot iem theo goc toa o
tng oi nay. Phng thc truy bat nay thc hien hai bc sau :
- Bc 1 xac nh goc toa o tng oi tai dong nhac base point
- Bc 2 nhap toa o tng oi, toa o cc tng oi cua iem can tm tai
dong nhac Offset so vi iem goc toa o tng oi va xac nh tai bc 1

V du : S dung lenh Line vi truy bat From point e ve hnh sau ay :
Point
Tan
ellippse
Line tiep xuc Elip
Line tiep xuc vi Circle

TAN
Point
Line
Circle
TAN
TAN
Circle
Circle
Line tiep xuc vi hai ng tron
Line
TAN
Circle
ng tron tiep xuc vi Line
END
END
< Offset >
< Offset >
P
1

P
4

P
3

P
2

B
A

+ ve hnh ch nhat :
Command: Line
line Specify first point: ( chon iem bat ky P
1
)

1
P
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 (nhap khoang cach P
2
P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 180 ( nhap khoang cach P
3
P
4
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c ( chon Close e ong a giac )
+ Ve oan thang AB :
Command: Line
Specify first point: From
Base point: END ( truy bat iem P
3
)
<Offset>:@-50,0 ( nhap khoang cach can Offset )
Specify next point or [Undo]: From
Base point: END ( truy bat iem P
2
)
<Offset>:@-100,0 ( nhap khoang cach can Offset )
Command :
Temporary Track Point :
Trong AutoCAD 2006 ta co the s dung la chon Temporary Track Point e nhap toa o
iem bang phng phap do tm qua mot iem ma ta se xac nh lam goc toa o tng oi.
Paralell:
Phng thc truy bat iem nay dung e ve ng thang song song vi ng thang co san
tren ban ve.
Extention :
S dung phng thc bat iem Extention e keo dai cung hoac ng thang.

V du : s dung lenh line, vi cac phng thc bat iem ENDPoint , PERpendicular,
MIDpoint , INTersection e ve hnh sau:

Command: Line
Specify first point:( chon P
1
bat ky )
Specify next point or [Undo]: @160,0 ( ve oan thang P
1
P
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: @-80,60 ( ve oan thang P
2
P
3
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ( la chon Close e ong a giac )
- Ve cac oan thang ( P
3
P
4
), ( P
4
P
5
), ( P
5
P
6
) bang lenh Line vi cac phng
thc truy bat iem ENDpoint, PERpendicular, MIDpoint, INTersection e ve hnh tren.
Command: Line
P
1
P
5
P
6
P
4 P
8
P
2
P
7
P
3
Specify first point: END of (bat iem P
3
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: PER to ( bat iem P
4
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: MID of (bat iem P
5
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: PER to ( bat iem P
6
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc lenh )
- Ve cac oan thang ( P
4
P
7
), ( P
7
P
8
) bang lenh line va cac phng thc truy
bat iem PERpendicular , MIDpoint , INTersection .
Command: line
Specify first point: INT of (bat iem P
4
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: MID to ( bat iem P
7
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: PER of (bat iem P
8
)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc lenh )

P
2
P
3
P
1
P
2
P
1
P
4
P
3
P
5
P
6
P
8
P
7
P
4
P
8
P
7
P
4
P
6
P
3
P
1
P
2
P
5
BAI 2
1. Tieu chuan trnh bay ban ve ky thuat

Cac ban ve ky thuat du ve bang tay hay bang may tnh ien t eu phai tuan thu
theo quy nh thong nhat cua tieu chuan quoc gia (TCVN) va tieu chuan quoc te (ISO) ve
ban ve ky thuat.
Tieu chuan nha nc ve ban ve ky thuat gom cac tieu chuan ve trnh bay ban
ve, cac hnh bieu dien, cac ky hieu va cac quy c cho viec lap ban ve ky thuat. Cac tieu
chuan Viet Nam c viet la TCVN, la cac van ban ky thuat do c quan co tham quyen
nha nc, Bo Khoa Hoc, Cong Nghe Moi Trng ban hanh.
Cac tieu chuan quoc te do to chc tieu chuan hoa quoc te ban hanh
(Internationnal Standardization Organization ) viet tat la ISO.
Y ngha va tam quan trong cua viec tieu chuan hoa ban ve.
Ban ve ky thuat la ngon ng cua nhng ngi lam cong tac ky thuat. Viec thong nhat cac
quy c, cac ky hieu, cac quy nh ve viec lap ban ve ky thuat giup cho nhng ngi dung
ban ve de dang hieu nhau .
Tieu chuan ve ban ve ky thuat la cac quy nh c nha nc ban hanh, trong o
co nhng quy nh lien quan en viec lap ban ve ky thuat.

1.1. Kho giay
+ Cac kho giay: TCVN 2-74 quy nh kho giay cua cac ban ve va nhng tai
lieu ky thuat dung trong tat ca cac nganh ky thuat cong nghiep, xay dng, ien t , kien
truc...
+ Kho giay c xac nh bang kch thc mep ngoai cua ban ve

- Kho giay c chia ra hai loai : Kho giay chnh va cac kho giay phu.
Khung ten
Mep ngoai
Khung banve
Hnh 1 : Kho giay A
4
297x 210

1.2. Kho giay chnh
La bao gom A
0
vi kch thc la 1189 x 841 mm, dien tch m
2
va cac kho giay
khac c chia ra t kho A
0
( Hnh 2 )
- Ky hieu va kch thc cua cac kho giay nh sau :

Ky Hieu Kho Giay 44 24 22 12 11
Kch Thc Cac Canh
Cua Kho Giay
1189 X841 594X841 594X420 420X297 297X210
Ky Hieu Tng ng
Cac Kho Giay Theo
TCVN 193-66
A
0
A
1
A
2
A
3
A
4
1.3. Kho giay phu
la loai kho giay ch gi nguyen o dai mot canh, con canh th hai c nhan len n lan.
2. Cac lenh ve tao ban ve mi
2.1. Tao ban ve bang Lenh New
Nh vay e la chon mot ban ve co kho giay ung TCVN tren phan mem AutoCad
ta thc hien nh sau :
Cach goi lenh :
File menu: New
Standard toolbar:
A
2
A
1
A
3
A
4
A
4
8
4
1

4
2
0

2
1
0

594
297
1189
Hnh 2
Cach phan chia cac ban ve trong mot t giay
Command line: new

Khi thc hien lenh New tren man hnh xuat hien hop thoai Create New Drawing
hop thoai nay gom 4 trang: Open Drawing, Start from Scratch, Use a Template va Use
a Wizard.

Tren hop thoai nay ta chon Metric ( e phu hp vi TCVN ) tiep tuc chon trang Use A
Wizard, sau khi chon xong se xuat hien trang mi cua hop thoai Create New Drawing.

Tren hop thoai nay ta nhap up vao Quick Setup se xuat hien hop thoai cung ten, tren
trang 1 cua hop thoai nay ta nh n v Unit va chon Decimal.

Sau khi chon xong ta an vao nut Next e chuyen sang trang 2 cua hop thoai Quick Setup
trang nay ta nh gii han ban ve ( Area ), tren hop thoai nay ta nhap chieu rong ban ve
vao o Width ( theo truc x ) va nhap chieu cao vao o Length ( theo truc y ) nhap xong ta
an vao nut Finish e ket thuc.

V du: nh gii han ban ve theo kho A
4
nam ngang bang lenh New.
Cac bc lam tng t nh tren nhng hop thoai Quick Setup o Width ta nhap 297, con
o Length ta nhap 210 va nhan nut Finish . Khi o ta se co ban ve theo kho A
4
.
2.2. nh gii han ban ve bang lenh Limits
Cach goi lenh :
Format menu: Drawing Limits
Command line: limits (or 'limits for transparent use)
Lenh Limits xac nh gii ban ve tren vung o hoa bang cach nhap hai iem : goc
trai pha di ( Lower left corner ) va goc phai pha tren ( Upper right corner ) bang toa o
X, Y.
Qui c : chieu truc X,Y trong AutoCAD giong nh chieu truc X,Y trong khi ve o
th toan hoc. ng nam ngang la truc X ( hoanh o ), ng thang ng la truc Y ( tung
o ).
Cau truc cau lenh : V du e nhap kch thc kho giay A2 ngang ta lam nh
sau:
Command: Limits
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0,0>: ( Enter mac nh goc trai kho giay co toa
o 0,0 )
Specify upper right corner <420,297>: 594,420
[ON] ch ve c trong vung t giay ve
[OFF] cho phep ve ngoai vung t giay ve
Sau khi nh gii han ban ve bang Limits ta phai thc hien lenh Zoom va dung la
chon All e co the quan sat toan bo gii han ban ve .
Command: Z
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: All

2.3. Tao ban ve bang lenh Mvsetup
Khi ta nhap Lenh Mvsetup tai dong lenh Command th dong nhac au tien xuat
hien . Khi o ta phai la chon Model tab ( model space ) ch khong c chon Layout tab
( paper space ). Trong Model tab, ta gan dang n v ( Unit ), he so t le ban ve ( Drawing
Scale Factor ) va kch thc giay ( paper size ) t cac dong lenh . Khi thc hien xong lenh
Mvsetup ta se c mot ng bao hnh ch nhat e, gii han ban ve.
Cau truc cau lenh :
Command: Mvsetup
Enable paper space ? [No/Yes] <Y>: N (nhap N va nhap Enter )
Khi nhap Enter hien th dong nhac sau :
Enter units type[Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric]:M ( nhap la
chon n v, ta nhap M e chon n v he Metric )
AutoCAD hien th he so t le ( scale factor ) va xuat hien Tex Window
Metric Scales

=================
(5000) 1:5000
(2000) 1:2000
(1000) 1:1000
(500) 1:500
(200) 1:200
(100) 1:100
(75) 1:75
(50) 1:50
(20) 1:20
(10) 1:10
(5) 1:5
(1) FULL
Enter the scale factor: 1 (nhap gia tr he so t le 1:1 )
Enter the paper width: 297 ( nhap gia tr chieu rong giay A
4
)
Enter the paper height: 210 ( nhap gia tr chieu cao giay A
4
)
Khi ket thuc lenh AutoCAD se t ong ve mot khung hnh ch nhat bao quanh gii
han ban ve nay.

2.4. Tao ban ve bang Start Up
Tng t nh cach tao ban ve bang lenh New.

2.5. Tao ban ve theo tieu chuan cac nc

3. Cac phng phap ghi ban ve
Sau khi hoan chnh ban ve neu chung ta muon ghi lai nhng s thay oi o th
chung ta can dung cac lenh sau:
3.1. Lu ban ve (Lenh Save)
Khi ghi ban ve bang lenh Save th se xuat hien hop thoai Save drawing as ,ban ve
se c ghi vao trong o a hien hanh va theo ten cu . Neu ban ve cha c at ten th ta
phai ghi ten ban ve vao o File name sau o nhan nut Save. Ban ve se c ghi thanh 1
file tren o hien hanh .

3.2. Lu lai ban ve vi ten khac (Lenh Save as)
Cach goi lenh:
File menu: Save As
Command line: saveas

Neu ta muon ghi ban ve di ten mi va vao o a khac o hien hanh ta dung Save
as , cac bc thc hien tng t nh oi vi lenh Save.
4. Cac lenh dng hnh
4.1. Bo tron cac oi tng (Lenh Fillet)

Cach goi lenh :
Modify toolbar:
Modify menu: Fillet
Command line: fillet
Chu y :
Nhap ten
+ Lenh Fillet c tien hanh theo hai bc sau:
Bc 1:xac nh ban knh cung noi tiep.
Bc 2:chon hai oi tng e thc hien lenh Fillet.
+ Lenh Fillet khong the thc hien c khi hai oi tng c chon la hai oan
thang song song , hoac hai Polyline hoac mot Polyline va mot oi tng n khac .
Cau truc cau lenh

Command: Fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: R ( Chon Radius e xac nh
ban knh cung noi tiep )
Specify fillet radius <0.0000>: 10 ( Nhap gia tr ban knh cung noi tiep )
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: ( Chon oi tng th nhat can
noi tiep )
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: ( Chon oi tng th hai can noi tiep )
Cac la chon khac :
Polyline: cho phep ta Fillet tat ca cac nh cua mot a tuyen .
Viec o c thc hien nh sau :
Command: Fillet
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: P
Select 2D polyline: ( Chon polyline can Fillet )
Chu y: Khi thc hien la chon nay th trc o ta a xac nh o ln cua
ban knh bc 1 .
Trim/Notrim: cho phep ta xen hoac khong xen nhng oan con tha ta
thc hien nh sau :
Command: Fillet
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: T
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <Trim>: ( Hoac nhap T chon trim va ap N khi
chon Notrim )
V du1 : Noi tiep hai ng thang d
1
,d
2
bang cung tron co ban knh R=50

Cach 1 : ve ng tron tiep xuc vi hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
sau o dung lenh trim
e xen nhng phan oan con tha.
Bc 1:ve ng thang d
1
, d
2

d2 t2
R50
t1
d1
d2 t2
t1
d1
Trc khi Trim Sau khi Trim
Vong tron
C(TTR)
Command: Line
Specify first point: Pick Point (chon iem bat ky lam iem au tien cua d
1
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Chon iem ke tiep lam iem cuoi cua d
1
)
Command: Line
Specify first point: Pick Poin ( chon iem bat ky lam iem au tien cua d
2
)
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( chon iem ke tiep lam iem cuoi cua d
2
)
Bc 2: Ve ng tron R=50 tiep xuc vi d
1
, d
2
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:TTR
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle:Tan ( Chon iem tiep xuc vi d
1
)
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle:Tan ( chon iem tiep xuc vi d
2
)
Specify radius of circle < 50 >: 50 ( nhap ban knh ng tron )
Bc 3: S dung lenh Trim e xen nhng phan oan con tha
Command: Trim
Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
Select objects: ( Chon ng thang d
1
)
Select objects: ( chon ng thang d
2
)
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: ( chon phan oan can xen bo)
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: (Enter ket thuc lenh)
Cach 2: S dung lenh Fillet
Command: Fillet
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: R ( xac nh ban knh tiep
xuc)
Specify fillet radius < 10 >: 50 ( Nhap ban knh tiep xuc )
Select first object or[Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: ( Chon ng thang d
1
)
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: ( Chon ng thang d
2
)

V du 2: Noi tiep hai cung tron bang mot cung tron khac
Co ba trng hp sau :
+ Cung tron tiep xuc trong vi hai ng tron: vi phan mem AutoCAD
ta co the thc hien nh sau :
V du : Ve cung tron co ban knh R=130 tiep xuc ngoai vi O
1
, O
2

Bc 1:ve hai ng tron O
1
, O
2
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: (Pick Point chon iem bat ky
lam tam O
1
)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40.0000>: 40 ( Nhap ban knh ng tron )
Command: Circle
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] < 40 >: 20 ( Nhap ban knh )
Bc 2:ve ng tron tiep xuc vi O
1
,O
2
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/TTR (tan tan radius)]:Ttr
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Tan ( Truy bat iem t
1
)
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle:Tan (truy bat iem t
2
)
Specify radius of circle < 20 >: 130 ( nhap ban knh cung tron tiep xuc vi hai ng
tron O
1
,O
2
)
Bc 3: thc hien lenh trim xen nhng oan tha
Command: Trim
Select objects: ( Chon ng tron O
1
)
2
)
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: (Chon cung tron can xen bo )
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: ( Enter ket thuc viec la chon )

O1
t1
O2
t2
120
O2
O1
t1
t2

V du3 : Cung tron tiep xuc ngoai vi hai ng tron
ve cung tron tiep xuc vi hai ng tron O
1
O
2
ta thc hien bang hai cach sau :

Cach 1: S dung lenh Fillet
Bc 1: Ve ng tron O
1
,O
2
Command: Circle
lam tam O
1
)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <130 >: 40 (Nhap ban knh )
Command: Circle
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] < 40 >: 20

Bc 2: S dung lenh Fillet e ve cung noi tiep
Command: Fillet
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R
Specify fillet radius <150 >: 130
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple] ( Chon iem tiep xuc t
1
)
Select second object: ( Chon iem tiep xuc t
2
)
Cach 2: S dung lenh ve ng tron ket hp vi lenh trim e thc hien .
Bc 1: Ve cac ng tron O
1
, O
2

Command: Circle
lam tam O
1
)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <130 >: 40
Command: Circle
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40.0000>: 20
Bc 2: ve ng tron R=130 tiep xuc vi O
1
,O
2
tai t
1
, t
2
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Ttr
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Tan ( Chon iem th nhat ma ng
tron co ban knh R=130 se tiep xuc )
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Tan ( Chon iem th hai ma ng
tron co ban knh R=130 tiep xuc )
Specify radius of circle <20 >: 130
Bc 3: xen nhng oan tha bang lenh trim
Command: Trim
1
)
2
)
Select objects: ( Enter ket thuc lenh )
Select object to trim or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:Chon phan oan can xen)
Select object to trim or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: (Enter ket thuc la chon)
+ Tiep xuc hon hp: cung tron tiep xuc trong vi mot ng tron nay va tiep xuc ngoai
vi ng tron kia.

V du: Ve cung tron co ban knh R=100 tiep xuc vi O
1
O
2

Bc 1: ve ng tron R40, R20
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: pick point
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] < 100 >: 40
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @100,0
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <40>: 20
Bc 2: ve ng tron tiep xuc ( Tiep xuc trong vi ng tron co ban
knh R40 va tiep ngoai vi ng tron co ban knh R20 ).
Command: Circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: TTR
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Tan (Chon iem tiep xuc th nhat )
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Tan ( chon iem tiep xuc th hai )
Specify radius of circle <20.0000>: 100
Bc 3: Xen phan oan con tha
Command: Trim
Select objects: (Chon ng tron R40 )
Trun
Bien
Sele
Sele
Sele
Sele

vao n
va l

polyl

Cach
M
M
C
nhn
nh s

Com
S
s
au
tien
tiep
( o

Spec
Spec
Spec

t
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
ct objects:
ct objects:
ct object to
ct object to
-Vi
ngi ve x
a chon ie
- Len
line va 1 ne
4.2. X
h goi lenh:
Modify toolb
Modify men
Command l
Lenh B
ng oan b x
sau :
mmand : Bre
Select objec
pecify seco
mut cua o
khong pha
iem gii h
an can xoa

Q
Neu o
cify second
cify first po
cify second
trc khi Br
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
(Chon n
(Enter k
o trim or [Un
o trim or [Un
Ghi ch
ba trng
ac nh hn
em tiep xuc
nh Fillet kh
et n khac
Xen mot ph
bar:
nu: Break
ine: break
Break cung
xoa c x
eak
ct : Pick cho
ond break p
oan can xo
i la iem g
han th hai
a la PQ )

P

an can xoa
break poin
int : ( Pick
point : ( Pi
reak
CNTT
inh
ng tron R20
ket thuc vie
ndo/Polylin
ndo/Polylin
u :
hp tren
nh o tiep x
c cho phu h
hong cho p
c.
han oi t
k
cho phep x
xac nh b
on net can
point or ( F
a th ta cho
gii han th
.

khong pha
nt or [First p
chon iem
ick chon ie
Tr
0 )
c la chon
ne/Radius/T
ne/Radius/T
e ve c
xuc trong ha
p .
phep ve cu
ng gia ha
xoa bo mot
i hai iem
xoa mot o
First point
on tiep ie
ta nhap ch

ai PQ ma la
point]: F
H )
em Q)
ng ai ho
)
Trim/Multip
Trim/Multip
va ung v
ay tiep xuc
ung tiep xu
ai iem tre
t phan cua
cha co tre
oan
): Neu ie
m gii han
h F roi c

Q
a HQ,th sau
Sau khi
oc S pham
ple]: (Chon
ple]: ( Ent
i moi loai
c ngoai. Kh
uc gia 2 p
en oi tn
net ve tn
en man hn
m chon a
n th hai Q
chon lai ie
P
u khi chon
Break
Ky thuat Tp
n phan oan
ter ket thuc
i, phan ln
hi o xac
polyline, ho
ng (lenh BR
ng t nh l
nh . Cau tru
u tien P u
. Neu iem
em au , sa
iem P ta p
Tp.HCM
54
n can xen )
c lenh )
n phu thuoc
nh lenh ve
oac gia 1
REAK)
lenh Trim ,
uc cua lenh
ung la mot
m chon au
au o chon
phai:
4
c

,
h
t
u
n
Trun
Bien

M
M
C
tn

Offs
+ Nh
+ A
poin

tao a

goc:

ng Tam Tin
n soan : T

4.3. S
Cach go
Modify toolb
Modify men
Command l
Lenh Of
ng c cho
Tuy the
set ta co ha
hap khoang
nh cua oi
nt )
Comman
Specify
anh ).
Select o
Specify
Select o

V du: S
:

F
( tr
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li

Sao chep o
oi lenh:
bar:
nu: Offset
ine: offset
ffset dung
on. oi t
o oi tng
i l chon sa
g cach song
i tng
La cho
nd: Offset
offset dista
bject to off
point on sid
bject to off
S dung len

S
chon lai H
c khi Bre
H
P P H
H
Q

CNTT
inh

ong dang (

e tao cac
ng c ch
g c cho
au:
g song ( Off
c chon se
on Offset d

ance or [ Th
fset or < exi
de to offset
fset or < exi
nh offset v
Sau khiOff

ak )
Tr

(Lenh OFF
c oi tng
on la moi l
on ma ta co
fset distanc
i qua mot
distance :
hrough } <
it >: ( Chon
t : ( Chon m
it >:( tiep tu
i chc nan
fset
H
ng ai ho

FSET)
g song song
loai net ve
o the c
e ).
t iem nao
1.0000 >: (
n tao anh
mien cha a
uc chon hoa
ng Through
4
Sa
oc S pham
g theo hn
nh line, ci
c oi tng
o o do ta s
( Nhap kho
Hnh goc )
anh ).
ac enter e
h e ve hn
40 thro
au khi Break
H
Ky thuat Tp
ng vuong g
ircle, spline
tng ng
se chon sau
oang cach g
).
e ket thuc le
nh vuong l
ough
k
Q
Tp.HCM
55
goc vi oi
e
g, Vi lenh
u (Through
gia anh va
enh )
n hn hnh
i
h
h
a
h
Trun
Bien

vuon

Cach
M
M
C
lenh

ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
Comman
Specify
Select o
Specify
ng tao anh)
Select o

Comman
Specify
Select o
Specify
Select o
V du: S
Comman
Specify
Select
Specify
Select o

4.4. S
h goi lenh:
Modify too
Modify me
Command
Array cho
- Cac a
- Cac a
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
nd: Offset
offset dista
bject to off
point on s
).
bject to off
La cho
nd: Offset
offset dista
bject to off
point on sid
bject to off
S dung len
nd: Offset
y offset dist
object to of
y point on s
object to off

Sau
Sao chep th
lbar:
enu: Array
line: array
phep at a
anh c a
anh c a
CNTT
inh

ance or [ Th
fset or < exi
side to offs
fset or < exi
on Throug

ance or [ Th
fset or < exi
de to offset
fset or < exi
nh Offset v

tance or [ T
ffset or < ex
side to offse
fset or < ex

u offset thro
heo day va

y
nh theo hai
at theo day
at tren cung

Tr
hrough } <
it >: ( Chon
set : ( Cho
it >:
gh
hrough } <
it >: ( Chon
t : ( Chon m
it >:( tiep tu
vi la chon
Through } <
xit >: ( Cho
et : (Chon 1
xit >:

ough
at anh th
i cach sau
( Chc nan
g tron ( Ch
ng ai ho
1.0000 >: 4
n hnh vuon
n mien ch
1.0000 >: (
n tao anh
mot iem m
uc chon hoa
n Through
< 1.0000 >:
on hnh vuo
1 iem ma

heo day (le
:
ng Rectangu
c nang Pol
oc S pham
40
ng ).
a anh la
Nhap chu
Hnh goc )
ma anh se i
ac enter e
e ve hnh
T
ong ).
anh se i q

enh ARRAY
ular Array
lar array )
Ky thuat Tp
mien ngoa
T )
).
i qua )
e ket thuc le
sau:
qua v du
A
Y)
)
Tp.HCM
56
ai cua hnh
enh )
iem A)
6
h
Rectangular Array

Cac anh se c xep thanh cac hang ( Rows ) va cac cot ( Columns )vi khoang
cach xac nh . Cau truc cau lenh nh sau:
Command : Array
-
- ( Chon cac oi tng can sao chep )
- rows : ( Nhap so lng cac hang )
- columns : ( Nhap so lng cac cot )
- rows offset: Nhap khoang cach t mot iem bat ky cua vat the ti iem tng ng
tren vat the tren hang ke tiep.Gia tr nay co the Am hoac dng.
- columns offset: Nhap khoang cach t mot iem bat ky cua vat the ti iem tng
ng tren vat the tren cot ke tiep.Gia tr nay co the Am hoac dng.
- Angle of array: goc xoay oi tng vi ng 0 o
-

V du : Sao chep ng tron thanh hai hang va hai cot :

Khoang cach cot
Khoang cach hang
Vat the goc
Chon oi
tng
Chon
theo
hang va
cot
So hang So cot
Khoang cach hang
Khoang cach cot
Goc xoay
Polar array:

Khi dung chc nang nay cac anh se c at tren cung tron .
Command : Array
-
- ( Chon cac oi tng can sao chep )

- center point ( Nhap v tr tam cung tron )
- Total number of items: ( Nhap so lng cac anh )
- Angle to fill (+=ccw,-=cw) <360>:( Nhap gia tr goc chan cung, chieu cua cung
phu thuoc vao gia tr goc nhap co dau am hoac dng )
- Rotate items as copied :(Co quay anh hay khong ) co
-

Chon tam xoay
C
vat the goc
center
V du: dung array e ve 3 vong tron ong dang nam cach eu tren cung tron co
goc chan tam la 120 ):
Command : Array

Select objects : ( Chon vat the goc)
center point ( Nhap iem C )
Total number of items :
Angle to fill (+=ccw,-=cw) <360> : 60
Rotate items as copied :(Co quay anh )

Neu tai dong nhac Rotate items as copied, ta bo chon th ta se co ket qua sau :

C
vat the goc
center
3
Trun
Bien
D
D
C
Splin
cong
ly, ca
ta ca
Com
Spec
Spec
Spec
e S
Spec
khac
Spec
quye
Spec
quye
V

Com
Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
4.5. V

C
Draw toolba
Draw menu
Command l
Lenh S
ne). Lenh S
ng
g khong eu
ac ng co
Khi s
an xac nh
Cau t
mmand: Spli
cify first po
cify next po
cify next po
pline i qua
cify next po
c )
cify start ta
en xac nh
cify end tan
en xac nh
du : ve
mmand: Spli
cify first po
cify next po
cify next po
cify next po
cify next po
cify next po
cify start tan
cify end tan
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Ve ng c

Cach goi len
ar:
u: Spline
ine: spline
Spline dun
Spline co th
Spline i q
u, lenh Spli
ong khi thie
dung Splin
them n
truc cau len
ine
int or [Obje
oint: ( Nhap
oint or [Clo
a )
oint or [Clo
angent: ( C
h tiep tuyen
ngent: ( Ch
h tiep tuyen
ng Spline
ine
int or [Obje
oint: (Pick P
oint or [Clos
oint or [Clos
oint or [Clos
oint or [Clos
ngent: (E
ngent: (En
CNTT
inh
cong trn (
nh:

ng e tao
he tao cac
qua tat ca c
ine dung e
et ke khung
ne ta can xa
ng tiep tuye
nh:
ect]: ( Chon
p hoac chon
se/Fit toler
ose/Fit tole
Chon hng
n tai iem
hon hng
n tai iem c
e sau qua ca
ect]: ( Pick
Point chon
se/Fit tolera
se/Fit tolera
se/Fit tolera
se/Fit tolera
Enter mac
nter mac
2
1
Tr
Lenh Splin
ng con
ng cong
cac iem m
e ve cac
g sn oto,
ac nh cac
en vi Splin
n hay nhap
n iem ke ti
rance] <star
rance] <sta
g tiep tuye
au cho Aut
tiep tuyen
uoi cho Au
ac iem 1, 2
point chon
iem 2 )
ance] <star
ance] <star
ance] <star
ance] <star
nh hng t
nh hng t
ng ai ho
ne)
ng Nurbs
g ac biet n
ma ta chon,
ng ong m
vo tau thuy
c iem ma S
ne tai iem
toa o ma
iep e Splin
rt tangent>:
art tangent>
n tai iem
toCAD)
n tai iem
utoCAD)
2, 3, 4, 5
iem 1 )
rt tangent>:
rt tangent>:
rt tangent>:
rt tangent>:
tiep tuyen
iep tuyen c
3
4
oc S pham

(Non Unif
nh Spline,
, Spline co
mc trong h
y, canh ma
Spline i qu
au va ie
Spline i q
ne i qua )
: ( Nhap ho
>: ( Tiep tu
m au hay E
cuoi hay E
(pick poin
(Pick Poin
(Pick Poin
(Enter ket
cho iem
cho iem cu
5
4
Ky thuat Tp
form Ration
Arc, Circle
the tao nh
he thong th
y bay. . .v v
ua. Neu Sp
em cuoi .
qua )
oac chon i
uc chon ha
Enter mac
Enter mac
t chon iem
nt chon iem
nt chon iem
t thuc viec l
au spline)
uoi spline)
Tp.HCM
60
nal Bezier
e, Ellipse . .
hng ng
hong tin a
v
line m th
em ke tiep
y la chon
nh danh
nh danh
m 3)
m 4)
m 5)
la chon)
0
r
.
g
a

p
n
h
h
10
1
4
3
5
2
8
7
9
6
Cac la chon khac cua Spline
Objects: La chon Objects dung e chuyen ng Pline Spline ( ng cong tao
bi lenh Pline va lam trn bang Pedit) thanh ng Spline. Khi chon Objects se
xuat hien cac dong nhac phu sau.
Command: Spline
Specify first point or [Object]: O
Select objects to convert to splines ..
Select objects: (Chon Pline Spline)
Select objects: (tiep tuc chon hay enter ket thuc viec la chon)
Close: La chon nay cho phep ta ong kn ng spline
V du: ve Spline sau vi la chon Close .

Command: Spline
Specify first point or [Object]: ( Chon iem th nhat Spline i qua )
Specify next point: ( Chon iem ke tiep Spline i qua)
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: ( Chon iem ke tiep
Spline i qua )
Spline i qua )
Spline i qua )
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: C ( Chon Close
ong kn Spline)
Fit tolerance: La chon nay cho ta ng cong Spline mn hn, khi gia tr nay
bang khong th Spline se i qua tat ca cac iem ta chon, ngc lai khi gia tr nay
khac khong th ng cong c keo gian ra xa cac iem ta chon e ng cong
c mn hn. Khi chon Fit Tolerance se xuat hien cac dong nhac phu sau.
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: F
Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: ( Nhap gia tr dng )
V du: ve ng cong qua cac iem sau 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ta gia s cac oan
thang ng va oan nam ngang a co.

Command: Spline
Specify first point or [Object]:INT ( Truy bat iem 1 )
Specify next point: End ( Truy bat diem 2 )
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:INT ( Truy bat iem 3 )
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:END ( Truy bat iem 4 )
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: END ( Truy bat iem 6 )
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: INT ( Truy bat iem 7 )
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: ( Enter ket thuc viec la
chon )
Specify start tangent: ( Enter mac nh hng tiep tuyen )
Specify end tangent: ( Enter mac nh hng tiep tuyen )

BAI 3
1. Tao lp mi bang (lenh Layer )

Cach goi lenh:
Layers toolbar:
Format menu: Layer
Command line: layer (or 'layer for transparent use)

Trong AutoCAD cac oi tng co cung chc nang thng c nhom thanh mot
Lp - Layer .V du : Lp cac ng net chnh, lp cac ng tam, lp k hieu mat cat,
lp ghi kch thc, lp ghi van ban . . . moi lp ta co the gan mau (Color) dang ng net
( Linetype ) chieu rong net ( lineWeigth ) .... e de dang quan ly cac thuoc tnh khi thc
hien ban ve ky thuat.
Khi thc hien lenh Layer se suat hien hop thoai Layer properties Manager

Trong AutoCAD khi tao ban ve mi th tren ban ve nay ch co lp layer 0 va cac tnh
chat c gan cho layer 0 c mac nh nh la mau, dang ng net, chieu rong net, n
v o la he met va kieu in la Normal.
Nh vay e tao mot lp mi cho phu hp vi ban ve ky thuat ta thc hien nh sau :
Tao lp mi :
Tren hop thoai Layer properties Manager ta nhap vao nut (New) se xuat
hien o soan thao tai cot Name di lp layer 0 .
Nhap ten lp vao o soan thao. Ten lp khong c dai qua 255 ky t ky t co the la so,
ch va co the co cac khoang trang gia cac ky t, ten lp nen at de nh theo tnh chat
lien quan en oi tng cua lp o. Gan mau cho lp. Gan dang ng cho lp, gan chieu
rong cho net ve.
V du :Tao cac lp: ng c ban, mat cat, ng tam, ng khuat . . .

Nhap ten cho lp:
co ten

Tng t ta tao ra 9 lp cho 1 ban ve

Gan va thay oi mau cua lp :
Ta thc hien trnh t nh sau :
Chon lp can gan hoac thay oi mau bang cach chon ten lp o nhap vao o color
cua lp, khi o se xuat hien hop thoai Select Color theo hop thoai nay ta co the gan mau
cho lp ang chon bang cach chon vao o mau mong muon
Nhp tn
lp
Gan mau
cho lp
Gan chieu rong
cho lp
Gan dang
ng
cho lp
Chon
vao nut
New
layer
( Standard color la nhng mau thong dung nhat ).

V du: ta chon mau o cho lp ng c ban, mau vang cho lp ng tam .
Nhap phm Ok e tr ve hop thoai Layer Properties Manager

Gan dang ng cho lp :
e gan dang ng cho lp ta thc hien theo trnh t sau:
Chon lp can thay oi hoac gan dang ng v du lp DUONGTAM ta nhap vao ten
Linetype cua lp khi o se xuat hien hop thoai Select Linetype

au tien trong ban ve ch co mot ng duy nhat Continuous nh hnh tren e
nhap ng tam vao trong ban ve ta nhap mouse vao nut cua hop thoai Select
Linetype khi o xuat hien hop thoai Load or Reload Linetypes

ta chon dang ng tam la CENTER2

tren hop thoai nay va nhap nut OK

khi o dang ng ta va chon se tai vao hop thoai Select Linetype

Gan chieu rong cho net ve ( Lineweight )

e gan chieu rong cho net ve ta thc hien theo trnh t sau:

Ta chon chieu rong cho net ve c ban la 0.6 mm

Chon
Tiep tuc ta gan cho cac lowpa con lai
Keo thanh
cuon xuong

Trong AutoCAD 2004 tr ve cac autocad cao hn viec tao be day cho net ve co
khac vi cac Release trc. Be day net ve ch xuat hien tren ban ve va no ch c nhan
ra khi ta chon vao thanh trang thai khi nut LWT la ON

Ban ve trang thai Lineweight OFF

Ban ve trang thai Lineweight ON

Trun
Bien
Cach
D
D
C

Kh

2
Men

Co
Sp
Sp
Sp
2
Sp
Sp
Sp

ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
2.
h goi lenh:
Draw toolba
Draw menu
Command li
e ve mot cu

hi ve cung
Draw

2.1. V
ay la chc
nu nh sau:
Draw
ommand : A
pecify start
pecify seco
pecify end p
2.2. V
Comman
pecify start
pecify cente
pecify end p
P
1

Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Ve cu
ar:
u: Arc
ine: arc
ung tron tro
A

tron chung
Arc (
Ve cung tro
nang mac

Arc (
A
point of ar
ond point of
point of arc
Ve cung tro
nd : A
point of ar
er point of
point of arc
CNTT
inh
ung tron
ong ban ve
Arc
S
g ta nen cho
Chon chc
on i qua 3
nh. Khi c
Chon chc
rc or (CEnte
f arc or (CE
c: ( Nhap i
on khi biet
rc: (Xac n
arc: ( Nhap
c: ( Nhap i

Ve cung t
P
2

Tr
n (Lenh
AutoCAD
<3 Point>
Start,Center
Start,C
Start,C
Start,E
Start,E
Start,E
Center
Center
Center
Contin

on chc nan
c nang thch
3 iem ( 3 p
can ve cung
c nang 3 po
er ): (Xac
Enter/End ):
iem cuoi cu
t iem au
nh iem au
p tam cung
iem cuoi cu
tron qua 3
P
1

P
3
ng ai ho
ARC)
ta co tat ca
r,End
Center,Angl
Center,Leng
End,Angle
End,Directi
End,Radius
r,Start,End
r,Start,Ang
r,Start,Leng
nue
ng phu hp
h hp )
point )
g tron i qu
int )
nh iem
(Nhap iem
ua cung tro
,tam,iem
u cua cung
tron C )
ua cung tro
iem
oc S pham
a 11 cach .
le
gth
on
le
gth
t Menu :
ua 3 iem c
au cua cun
m P
2
)
n P
3
)
cuoi (Star
tron S)
n E )
P
2
Ky thuat Tp
cho trc .
ng tron)
rt,center,en
P
3
Tp.HCM
69
Ta chon t
nd)
9


E

C

S

2.3. Ve cung tron khi biet iem au,tam va goc tam chan cung
(start,center,angle)
Command : A
Specify start point of arc : (Xac nh iem au cua cung tron)
Specify senter point of arc :(Nhap v tr tam C)
Specify included angle: ( Nhap goc tam chan cung A )

A

90
0

C S

2.4. Ve cung tron khi biet iem au,tam va o dai day cung
(start,center,length )
Command : A
Specify start point of arc : (Xac nh iem au cua cung tron S)
Specify senter point of arc :(Nhap v tr tam cung tron C)
Specify length of chord : ( Nhap chieu dai day cung L )

L

C S

2.5. Ve cung tron biet iem au,diem cuoi,ban knh (Start,End,Radius )
Command : A
Specify end point of arc :(Nhap v tr diem cuoi E)
Specify Radius of arc : ( Nhap ban knh cua cung tron )


E

R
S

2.6. Ve cung tron biet iem au,iem cuoi,goc tam chan cung (Start,End,
Angle)
Command : A
Specify end point of arc :(Nhap v tr diem cuoi E)
Specify Radius of arc : ( Nhap ban knh cua cung tron )

E

Angle
S

2.7. Ve cung tron biet iem au,iem cuoi,hng tiep tuyen cua cung tron
iem au (Start,End,Direction):

E Direction

S

2.8. Ve cung tron biet tam,iem au,iem cuoi (Center,Start,End)
Command: A
Specify center point of arc: (Xac nh iem tam cua cung tron C)
Specify start point of arc: (Xac nh iem au cua cung tron S)
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: (Xac nh iem cuoi cua cung tron E)

2.9. Ve cung tron biet tam,iem au,goc tam chan
cung(Center,Start,Angle)
Command: A
Specify center point of arc: (Xac nh iem tam cua cung tron C)
Trun
Bien
Spec
Spec
2
Ba
t co
Co
Sp
Sp
Sp
2
Co
sp
sp

D
D
C
Lenh
N
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
cify start po
cify include
2.10. V
cung(Ce
a chc nan
o b ao ng
ommand: A
pecify cente
pecify start
pecify leng
2.11. V
ommand : A
pecify start
pecify endp

3. V
Cach
Draw toolba
Draw menu
Command l
h Ellipse du
P
Net ve tr
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
oint of arc: (
ed angle: 12
Ve cung tro
enter,Start
ng ve cung
c lai.
A
er point of
point of ar
th of chord
Ve cung tro
A
point :
point of arc

Ve ellipse
h goi lenh:
ar:
u: Ellipse
ine: ellipse
ung e ve
Pellipse =1
c la Line
CNTT
inh
(Xac nh
20(Xac nh
on biet tam
t,Length)
tron tren th
arc: (Xac
rc: (Xac n
: (Xac nh
on tiep xuc
: (nhap ie

e va cung

e
ng cong
S
Tr
iem au cu
h iem goc
m,iem au
hc hien t
nh iem ta
nh iem au
h chieu dai
c vi net ve
em cuoi cua

elilpse(L
g Ellipse tuy
Net ve
E
ng ai ho
ua cung tro
c cua cung t

u,chieu dai
ng t nh
am cua cun
u cua cung
day cung c
e va ve xo
a cung tron

Lenh El
y thuoc vao
e trc la A
oc S pham
on S)
tron )
i day
cac chc n
ng tron C)
tron S)
chan goc cu

ong ( Cont
E )
llipse)
o bien Pellip
Arc
S
Ky thuat Tp
nang trc,
ua cung tron
tinue )
pse
Tp.HCM
72
, nhng th
n )
E

Trun
Bien
lenh

Com
Spec
truc
Spec
Spec
chnh
phan
tron
Spec
th n
V

Com
Spec
Spec
Spec
OD =

Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
V
truc

Spec
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
ng el
Pedit e hi
P
ng el

3.1. V

Cau
mmand: Ell
cify axis en
th nhat )
cify other e
cify distanc
h la ban tru
Ta
ng man hnh
/ na truc t
cify rotatio
nhat )
du: ve elli

mmand: Ell
cify axis en
cify other e
cify distanc
= 20)
3.2. V
C
Comma
cify axis en
cify center
cify endpoi
cify distanc
du: Ve el
th nhat la
Com
cify axis en
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
p la mot a
ieu chnh.
Pellipse = 0
p la ng
Ve ellipse kh
ay
truc cau le
lipse
ndpoint of e
endpoint of
ce to other
uc th hai )
i dong nha
h va mat ph
th 2 ). Khi
on around
ipse co kho
lipse
dpoint of e
ndpoint of
ce to other
Ve ellipse kh
Cau truc ca
and: Ellipse
ndpoint of e
of ellipse:
int of axis:
ce to other
llipse co ta
60, o ln
mand: Elli
dpoint of e
T
CNTT
inh
a tuyen, a
0
g spline ma
hi biet hai t
la trng h
enh:
ellipse or [
f axis: (nha
r axis or [R
c nay ta co
hang cha v
i nhap R tai
major axis
oang cach t
llipse or [A
axis: @60,0
axis or [Ro
hi biet tam
au lenh:
e
ellipse or [
(Truy bat
( Nhap ie
r axis or [R
am la giao
n cua truc th
ipse
llipse or [A
TRUC LN
A
Tr
a tuyen nay
ta khong th
truc
hp mac n
[Arc/Cente
ap toa o ha
Rotation]: (
o the chon
vong tron t
i dong nhac
s: ( Nhap gi
truc AB=60
Arc/Center]
0 ( Nhap
otation]: 20
va cac truc
Arc/Cente
iem hoac
em e xac
Rotation]: (
iem gia
h hai 40. G
Arc/Center]
D
TR
NH
C
O
ng ai ho
y la tap hp
he pha v v
nh.
er]: (Nhap
ay chon ie
(Xac nh k
Rotation e
ao anh cua
c nay se xu
ia tr goc q
0 va truc C
:( Pick poin
p toa o ie
( Nhap
c
er]: C (L
nhap toa
nh o ln
( Nhap o l
hai ng
Gia s d
1
, d
: C
RUC
HO
B
oc S pham
p cac cung t
va hieu chn
toa o hay
em cuoi 2 cu
khoang cach
e xac nh
a Ellipse ( C
uat hien don
quay xung q
CD=40 .
nt chon iem
em B )
gia tr na
La chon Ce
o e xac
cua na tru
n cua na
thang d
1
,
d
2
a co.
Ky thuat Tp
tron ta co th
nh no .
chon iem
ua truc th
h na truc
goc nghien
Cos = ban
ng nhac phu
quanh n
m A )
truc th ha
enter )
nh tam elli
uc th nhat
a truc th h
d
2
va o l
Tp.HCM
73
he s dung
cuoi 1 cua
nhat)
th hai, o
ng cua mat
n knh vong
u sau:
ng tron truc
ai : OC =
ipse )
t )
hai )
n cua na
g
a
o
t
g
c
=
a
Specify center of ellipse: INT ( Truy bat iem giao gia hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
)
Specify endpoint of axis: @0,60 ( Nhap toa o cua iem A )
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 40 ( Nhap khoang cach na truc th hai )

3.3. Ve cung ellipse
Cau truc cau lenh:
Command: Ellipse
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A ( La chon Arc )
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: ( Chon iem bat ky hay nhap toa o e
xac nh iem cuoi 1 cua truc th nhat v du iem 1)
Specify other endpoint of axis: ( Nhap toa o hay chon iem bat ky e xac nh iem cuoi
2 cua truc th nhat v du iem 2)
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: ( Nhap khoang cach na truc th hai ).
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: ( Nhap gia tr goc ay la goc gia truc ta va nh vi
ng thang t tam en iem au cung v du goc = 0 )
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: ( Nhap gia tr goc, goc nay la goc gia
truc ta va nh vi ng thang t tam en iem cuoi cung v du goc = 180
0
)

V du: Ve cung ellipse co truc ln AB = 80, khoang cach na truc nho bang 30 nh hnh

Command: Ellipse
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Pick Point ( Chon iem bat ky la A )
Specify other endpoint of axis: @80,0 (Nhap toa o iem B )
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 30 ( Nhap khoang cach na truc th hai )
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: 0
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: 180

d2
d1
Center
120
A
40
1
2
A
B
Trun
Bien
L
Cach
M
M
C
Cau
Com
Sele
Sele
spec
spec
Dele
-
-

M
M
C
(TR
Sele
Spec
Spec
Sele
nhat)
Sele
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
4.
(
Lenh mirror
h goi lenh:
Modify toolb
Modify men
Command l
truc cua le
mmand : M
ct objects :
ct objects :
ify first poi
ify second
ete source o
Yes: co
No : kho

5. V
Cach g
Modify toolb
Modify men
Command l
5.1.
Vat mep
Comma
RIM mode) C
ct first line
cify first cha
cify second
ct first line
)
ct second li
Tao anh
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Sao ch
(lenh MI
r cho phep
bar:
nu: Mirror
ine: mirro
nh Mirror n
Mirror
( Chon ca
( Chon tie
int of mirro
point of mi
object ? ( Y
xoa hnh g
ong xoa hn
Vat mep
goi lenh:
bar:
nu: Chamfe
ine: chamf
La
p nhap hai k
and : Cham
Current cha
or [Undo/P
amfer dista
chamfer di
e or [Undo/P
ine or shift-
CNTT
inh
hep vat t
IRROR)
ve mot vat
r
nh sau :
c oi tng
ep cac oi t
or line : ( Ch
irror line :(
es /No ) < N
oc
nh goc
p cac can
er
fer
chon Dista
khoang cach
mfer
amfer Dist1
Polyline/Di
ance <0.000
istance <10
Polyline/Di
-select to ap
Tr
the vi a
)
t the co hnh
g lam hnh
tng lam
hon iem t
Chon iem
N > : ( Co x
nh (lenh
ance
h
1 = 0.0000,
istance/Ang
00>: 10 (n
0.0000>:
istance/Ang
pply corner
Anh
iem th
iem th
ng ai ho
anh oi
h dang oi
h goc )
hnh goc h
th nhat cu
m th hai c
xoa hnh g
h Chamf
Dist2 = 0.0
gle/Trim/m
nhap khoan
(nhap khoa
gle/Trim/m
r: (chon can
h nhat cua
hai cua tr
oc S pham
xng qu
xng vi v
hoac enter
ua truc oi
cua truc o
oc khong)
fer)
0000
mEthod/Mul
ng cach th
ang cach th
mEthod/Mult
nh th 2)
a truc oi x
ruc oi xn
Ky thuat Tp
ua ng
vat the goc
cham dt
i xng)
oi xng)
tiple]: D
nhat)
h hai)
tiple]: (cho
ng
ng
Tp.HCM
75
g thang

la chon)
on canh th


5.2. La chon Angle
Vat mep nhap khoang cach th nhat va goc cua ng vat mep hp vi ng th
nhat
Command: Chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 20.0000, Dist2 = 20.0000
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: A
Specify chamfer length on the first line <0.0000>: 3(nhap khoang cach vat mep tren
ng th nhat)
Specify chamfer angle from the first line <0>: 45(nhap gia tr goc can vat mep)
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: (chon canh th
nhat)
Select second line or shift-select to apply corner (chon canh con lai e vat mep)

5.3. La chon Trim/ Notrim
Thc hien lenh chamfer ang trang thai Trim mode xen cac oan thuwaftaij cac
iem giao nhau. Neu chon mode Notrim th cac oi tng se khong c xen i tai cac iem
giao nhau
Trun
Bien
khoa

C
D
D
C

Co
Sp
Sp
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
5.4.
Vat me
Comma
(TRIM
Select
Specify
Specify
Select
Select
5.5.
Chon m
ang cach), A
6.
Lenh recta
Cach goi le
Draw toolba
Draw menu
Command l

ommand: R
pecify first
pecify othe
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
La
ep tai tat ca
and: Chamf
M mode) Cur
first line or
y first cham
y second ch
first line or
2D polyline
La
mot trong
Angle(nhap
Ve h
angle dung
nh:
ar:
u: Rectangl
ine: rectan

Rectang
corner poin
r corner po
CNTT
inh
chon Poly
a cac nh c
fer
rrent chamf
r [Undo/Pol
mfer distanc
hamfer dista
r [Undo/Pol
e: (chon po
chon Meth
hai phng
p mot gia tr
nh ch
g e ve hnh
le
ng or recta
nt or [Cham
oint or [Area
Tr
yline
cua pline
fer Dist1 =
lyline/Dista
ce <7.0000>
ance <5.00
lyline/Dista
olyline)
hod
g phap n
r mot khoa
nhat (le
h ch nhat,
angle
mfer/Elevat
a/Dimensio
ng ai ho
7.0000, Di
ance/Angle
>: 5
00>: 7
ance/Angle
nh ng v
ng cach va
enh Rect
o cung la
ion/Fillet/T
ons/Rotation
oc S pham
st2 = 15.00
e/Trim/mEt
e/Trim/mEth
vat mep: D
goc nghien
tangle)
mot ng
Thickness/W
n]: ( Chon
Ky thuat Tp
000
thod/Multip
hod/Multip
Distance(nh
ng)
g Polyline.
Width]:Cho
iem oi P
Tp.HCM
77
ple]: D
le]: P
hap gia tr
n iem P
1
2
)
7


Command: Rectang
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: W
Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: 2
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chon iem P
1

Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: ( Chon iem oi P
2
)

Command: Rectang
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: C
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>: 10(Nhap khoang cach)
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <10.0000>: 10(Nhap khoang cach)
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: (Chon iem
bat ky)
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @120,80
Command: RECTANG
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: F
Specify fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>: 10 (Nhap ban knh)
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: (Chon iem
bat ky)
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @120,80
Cac la chon khac:

P
2
P
1
P
1
DANG MAC NHIEN
VI WIDTH = 2
P
2
VI TUY CHON
CHAMFER
VI TUY
CHON FILLET
Trun
Bien
chieu
M
M
Sh
Poly
C
co th
Sele
xuat
chuy
/ Und
thay
mot
thanh
noi )
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
Elevatio
u ( Se gii

7. H
Cach goi l
Modify II to
Modify men
hortcut me
line Edit.
Command l
Lenh Pedi
Thc chat
he hieu chn
Command
ct polyline:
(Neu oi t
hien dong
Object sel
Do you w
yen thanh P
Khi o Au
Enter an o
do]
Cac

Close (C):
the banf ch

Join (J):
a tuyen du
( Chu y ch
h mot n
)
select obje
select obje
n segment

Width (W)
Specify ne
V du ta m

Trc khi
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
on/thicknes
thieu trong
Hieu ch
lenh:
oolbar:
nu: Object
enu: Select
ine: pedit
it :
t lenh Pedit
nh line va a
d : Pedit
: ( Chon a
tng c
nhac sau :
lected is no
want turn it
Pline )
utoCAD tie
option [Clos
c la chon:
: ong k
hc nang O
Noi cac l
uy nhat .
h co the n
ng lien tuc
ects : ( Cho
ects : ( Tiep
ts added to
): nh b
ew width fo
muon to am
to Width =
CNTT
inh
ss: nh
g phan 3D )
nh thuo

Polyline
t a polyline

t la lenh hi
arc v polyli

tuyen can
c chon la Li
ot a polyline
t into one ?
ep tuc xuat
se / Join / W
:
kn a tuyen
Open cho ph
line , arc ho
oi a tuyen
. Sau khi n
on cac oi t
p tuc chon h
polyline. (
be day net c
or all segme
m hnh ve s
= 0
Tr
o cao (//O

oc tnh ca

to edit, righ
ieu chnh a
ine bao gom
hieu chnh
ine hoac A
e.
?<Y>: Tai
hien dong
Width / Edit
n . Sau khi
hep ta huy b
oac a tuye
n vi cac li
noi AutoCA
ng can n
hoac Enter
Co n oan
cho a tuye
ents : ( Nha
sau vi be d
va sau kh
ng ai ho
OXY) va
ac net v
ht-click in t
a tuyen ( P
m cac line v
h )
rc ma khon
ay ta nha
nhac sau :
t vertex / Fi
thc hien
bo net close
n khac vi
ine , arc ho
AD se thong
noi )
cham dt l
a c no
en . Khi o
ap be day c
day 1 n v
hi to thay w
oc S pham
o day net
ve (lenh
the drawing
Polyline Edi
va arc .
ng phai poly
ap Enter
it / Spline /
chc nang
e thc hien
a tuyen
oac a tuye
g bao so l
la chon )
oi vao Poly
xuat hien d
cho cac oa
v:
width = 1
Ky thuat Tp
trong khon
h Pedit)
g area, and
it ).Tuy nhi
yline th Au
e oi tn
Decurve /
nay tai v t
n trc o .
a chon ban
en khac khi
ng cac va
yline)
dong nhac :
an thuoc a
Tp.HCM
79
ng gian 2
1
/
2
choose
ien ta cung
utoCAD se
ng a chon
Ltype gen
tr Close b
n au thanh
i chung tao
at the c
:
tuyen )
9
2

g
e
n

h
o
c

Fit (F): chuyen Pline thanh mot ng cong ma van gi nguyen cac nh cua Pline
Spline (S): Chc nang nay cung bien ung pline thanh ng cong nhng khac vi
Fit ng cong spline ch i qua iem au va iem cuoi cua Pline. Hnh dang cua ng
cong phu thuoc vao bien SPLINETYPE . Mat khac ng cong nay cung khac vi ng
cong thc hien bang lenh Spline (mac du cung cha cac nh giong nhau).
Decurve (D): Chuyen tr ve hnh dang ban au cua Pline sau khi a b Fit hoac
Spline.
Ltype gen (L): Khi Pline la ng khong lien tuc neu Ltype gen = On th toan bo
Pline la mot net duy nhat khong phu thuoc vao nh cua Pline

Undo ( U ): Huy chc nang va thc hien.

Edit vertex (E): Khi chon E tai chc nang nay AutoCAD se xuat hien dong nhac
sau:
Enter a vertex editing option
[Next/Previous/Break/Insert/Move/Regen/Straighten/Tangen/Width/eXit]
Luc nay tren pline xuat hien dau X tai mot nh nao o neu o la nh can hieu
chnh th ta nhap chc nang tng ng , neu o khong phai la nh can hieu chnh th ta
dung chc nang Next ( e chuyen dau X ve nh pha sau ) hoac Previous ( e chuyen dau
X ve nh pha trc )

Next

Previous

Linetype gen - Off
Linetype gen - On
Break (B): Chc nang nay cho phep ta tach mot pline thanh hai pline oc lap.
oan pline b cat bo c xac nh bi hai nh co dau X ( Mot au X co san trong lenh
Pedit khi ta chon chc nang Edit vertex va mot dau X xuat hien khi ta chon chc nang
Break ) .

Enter an option [Previous / Next / Go /Exit] ( N ) :
Next va previous co chc nang di chuyen tng t nh trc . Go la chc nang thc
hien lenh Break va Exit cho phep thoat khoi Break.

Straitghten ( S ):
Chc nang nay khong tach Pline a chon thanh hai pline nh Break ma thay cac
oan nam gia hai nh b anh dau X bang mot oan thang . Dong nhac cung tng t
trong Break :
Enter an option [Previous / Next / Go /Exit ] ( N ) :

Insert ( I ):
Chc nang nay cho phep chen them mot dnh vao Pline ngay sau nh co dau X .
nh chen vao sau khi tra li dong nhac
Specify location for new vertex

Move ( M ):
Di nh cua Pline ( co dau X ) ti v tr mi :
Specify new location for marked vertex : ( Nhap v r mi vua nh )
Trc khi Break
Sau khi Break
Sau khi Straitghten
Trc khi Insert
nh mi chen

Regen ( R ):
Cap nhat chieu rong moi va tai tao hnh ve .

Tangent ( T ):
nh hng lai tiep tuyen tai cac nh cua ng cong Pline sau khi Fit .
Khi 1o xuat hien dong nhac : Specify direction of vertex tangent:
eXit ( X ):
Thoat ra khoi che o sa cha nh.
Chu y : vong tron la ng Spline ( khong phai la Pline ) do o ta khong the lam cho
vong tron co be day xuat hien tren man hnh . Muon tao be day net cho vong tron ta co
cac cach sau :
+ Dung Pline ( co s dung chc nang Width ) e ve vong tron bang hai cung tron lien
tiep .

v du :
Command : Pline
specify start point : ( Nhap iem P
1
)
...........................: W
Starting Width<> : Nhap be day net tai iem au.
Ending width <> : Nhap be day net tai iem cuoi .
........................... : A
.. : S
Specify second point of arc or [....]: nhap iem C
Specify endpoint of arc : Nhap iem P
2

............ : Cl

Ngoai cac phng phap a trnh bay tren ta con co cac cach ve ng tron co be
day nh sau:
+ Dung pline ( khong co Width ) ve ng tron bang hai cung tron lien tiep ( xem v
du tren ) sau o dung pedit e sa be day net.
+ Dung lenh Arc e ve ng tron ( tng t nh cach lam cua Pline tren ). Sau o
dung Pedit sa be day.
+ Dung lenh Bourndary e tao Polyline t ng tron ve bang Circle. Sau o dung
Pedit e thay oi be day net cua vong tron (luc nay a la Pline)
+ Dung lenh Donut (ta se hoc trong phan sau)

P
1

P
2

C

C
Trun
Bien
Laye
dung
cach
hnh
Laye
day c
- Len
- Cac
- Len
Cach
D
D
C
Spec
Curr
Spec
Nhap
Spec
hoac
Start
Endi
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
1. Ve
Nh tr
er control n
g Layer va
h hoac la du
bang lenh
1.1. S
Trong Au
er ( a trnh
cac net ve.
- Dung len
- S dung
1.2.
Lenh P
nh Polyline
c net ve
nh Polyline
1.3. V
h goi lenh:
Draw toolba
Draw menu
Command l
Comma
cify start po
rent line-wi
cify next po
p iem ke t
cify next po
c Enter
Cac la
Close
trc
than
Clos
iem
Half
ting halfwid
ing halfwith
Wid
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
a tuyen
c ay ta
nhng khi
cho LWT n
ung Pedit
Plyline ( ve
Sa cha P
toCAD 200
h bay tre
(Muon cho
nh Pedit .
chc nang
at iem le
Polyline co c
e cho phep t
c the hien
e va cho ph
Ve oan th
ar:
u: Polyline
ine: Pline
and : Pl
oint : ( Nhap
dth is 0.000
oint or [ A
tiep ).
oint or [ A
a chon tron
e ( C ) Ch
c khi dung c
g . Neu ne
e cung la c
m bat au (
fwidth ( H )
dth <> : (Nh
h <> : (Nha
dth ( W ) Nh
CNTT
inh
( lenh P
a biet e t
o ban ve k
nhan chc
e hieu ch
e a tuyen
Polyline tro
06 ngi ta
n ). Nhng
o be day ne
Width tron
enh polylin
cac ac ie
the hien be
n bang Plin
hep ve oa
hang
p iem au
00 :
Arc/Close/H
Arc/Close/H
ng lenh Pol
c nang nay
chc nang
et ve trc
cung tron. C
Start point)
) Nhap na
hap na be
p na be d
hap be day
Tr
BAI
Polyline
tao be day
khong the
nang On.
nh be day
).
ong AutoCA
a co the th
khi o tren
et c the
ng lenh Rec
ne
em sau:
e day net tr
e la mot o
an thang (Li
u tien cua po
Halfwidth/L
Halfwidth/L
lyline:
y cho phep
Close la Li
khi dung c
Chung cung
).
be day net
day tai a
ay tai cuoi
cua net pli
ng ai ho
4
)
net ve ta d
hien ro be
e tang tnh
hoac trc t
AD 2006
hc hien vi
n ban ve ta
hien ro tre
ctang ( c
ren ban ve (
oi tng tho
ine)va cho
olyline )
ength/Undo
Length/Un
ve mot ne
ine (oan th
chc nang C
g xuat phat
t sap ve:
u oan than
oan thang
ine sap ve:
oc S pham
dung chc n
e day cua n
h trc quan
tiep a be
ec tao be
a khong tha
en ban ve ta
c trnh bay
( Chc nan
ong nhat.
o phep ve c
o/Width]:(N
ndo/Width]
et e ong k
hang )thi ne
Close la Ar
t iem hie
ng sap ve).
g sap ve).
Ky thuat Tp
nang linew
net neu nh
n cua ban v
e day net v
day cho ne
ay s khac n
a co 2 cach
trong bai 3
ng Width )
cung tron (A
Nhap be da
: Nhap ie
kn Pline. N
et Close cu
rc ( cung tro
en hanh va

Tp.HCM
83
weight trong
khong s
ve ta co hai
e vao man
et ve bang
nhau ve be
:
3)
Arc )
ay net hay
em ke tiep
Neu net ve
ung la oan
on ) thi net
a ket thuc
g

i
n
g

y
p
e
n
t

Chc nang nay c thc hien tng t nh oi vi Halfwith.
Length ( L ) Ve mot oan thang tiep vi net ve trc ( continue ). Neu net ve
trc la oan thang ( Line) th net mi ve (Length) se noi dai them net cu, neu
net cu la cung tron th net ve mi la tiep tuyen cua no tai iem cuoi vi o dai
do ta nhap vao.
Undo ( U ) Chc nang nay dung e huy net ve trc o.
1.4. Ve cung tron
Neu sau khi nhap iem Start point va la chon be day net bang chc nang Width
ta khong nhap iem e ve Line ma nhap ch A th ta chuyen sang che o ve cung tron.
V du cu the :
Command : Pl
Specify start point : ( Nhap iem bat au cua a tuyen Pline )
Current line width is 0.0000 ( chieu rong hien hanh la 0.0 )
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width ]: A
( Chuyen sang che o ve cung tron )
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle /Center /Close /Direction / Halfwidth /Line /Radius
/Second Pt /Undo /Width]:
Cac la chon :
Close (CL ) Cho phep ong kn a tuyen nh khi ve Line.
Halfwidth,Width,Undo : Tng t nh trong che o ve Line.
Angle ( A ) Ve mot cung tron (Start,Angle,End ).
Specify included angle : ( Nhap gia tr goc chan cung )
Specify endpoint of arc or [ Center/Radius]: (Nhap v tr iem cuoi, tam hoac ban
knh ).
Center ( CE ) Ve cung tron ( Start,Center,Angle hoac Length ).
Specify center point of arc : ( Nhap toa o tam )
Specify endpoint of arc or [ Angle/Length] : ( Nhap iem cuoi cua cung tron , Goc
chan cung hoac o dai day cung )
Direction ( D ) ve cung tron ( Start,Direction,Endpoint ).
Specify the tangent direction for start point of arc : ( Nhap goc hay nhap mot iem
ch phng tiep tuyen tai iem au )
Specify endpoint of arc : ( Nhap toa o iem cuoi cua cung tron )
Radius ( R ) Ve cung tron ( Start, Radius,Endpoint hoac Angle )
Specify radius of arc :( Nhap gia tr ban knh cung tron )
Specify endpoint of arc or (Angle ) : ( Nhap iem cuoi hoac goc bao )

Second pt ( S ) Ve cung tron bang 3 iem.
Specify second point on arc : ( Nhap iem th 2 )
Specify endpoint of arc : ( Nhap iem cuoi cua cung tron )
Line ( L ) ( Tr ve ve oan thang)
< End point of arc > : Khi nhap iem cuoi tai dong nhac nay ta nhan c mot cung
tron tiep xuc vi phan oan trc o.
2. Sao chep vat the (Lenh Copy)

Trun
Bien

M
M
Sh
Copy
C
Cau

Com
Sele
Sele
Spec
chua
Spec
point
Spec
hnh
Spec
V du

M
M
Sh
Mov
C
Sele
Sele
Spec
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
Cach goi l
Modify toolb
Modify men
hortcut me
y Selection
Command l
truc lenh n
mmand: Co
ct objects:
ct objects:
cify base po
an e xac
cify second
t trong hnh
cify second
c sao c
cify second
u :
3. Tnh
Lenh M
Cach g
Modify toolb
Modify men
hortcut me
ve.
Command l
Cau tru
Comma
ct objects :
ct objects :
cify base po
Base
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
lenh:
bar:
nu: Copy
enu: Select
.
ine: copy
nh sau:
py
1 found ( C
( Chon tiep
oint or [Di
nh nhom n
d point or <
h c sao c
d point or [
chep )
d point or [
h tien va
Move dung
goi lenh:
bar:
nu: Move
enu: Select
ine: move
uc cau lenh
and : Move
( Chon nh
(Chon tiep
oint or displ
e point
CNTT
inh
t the objects
Chon cac
p hoac Ente
splacemen
nhng vat c
<use first p
chep )
Exit/Undo
Exit/Undo
at the (L
e tnh tien
t the objects

h nh sau:
e
ng vat the
nhng vat
lacement :
Tr
s to copy, a
oi tng ca
er e cham
nt] <Displa
an chep ).
point as disp
] <Exit>:>
] <Exit>:
Lenh M
n mot hay n
s to move, a
e can di chu
the can di
( Nhap ie
ng ai ho
and right-cli
an sao chep
m dt la ch
acement>:
placement
>:(chon iem
( Enter e
ove)
nhieu oi t
and right-cl
uyen )
chuyen hoa
m chon v
Seco
oc S pham
ick in the dr
p )
on )
(Chon iem
t>:(chon ie
m at mi c
e cham dt
ng a
lick in the d
ac Enter )
v du A hay
ond point
Ky thuat Tp
rawing area
m tuy y lam
em at mi
cua base po
viec sao ch
c la chon
drawing are
nhap khoa
Tp.HCM
85
a. Click
m iem
i cua base
oint trong
hep )
n.
ea. Click
ang di ).
Trun
Bien
Spec
chon
Chu
o t
Cach
M
M
Sh
Rota
C
Cau
Curr
Sele
Sele
Spec
Spec
Refe

ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
cify second
n th hai v

y : Neu xa
ng oi th
4. Quay
h goi lenh:
Modify toolb
Modify men
hortcut me
ate.
Command l
truc cau le
Comman
rent positive
ct objects (
ct objects (
cify base po
cify rotation
erence )
[Referen
V d:
Comman
Current
Select o
Select o
Specify
Specify
Specify
A
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
d point of d
v du B cua
c nh vec
khoang d
y vat the
bar:
nu: Rotate
enu: Select
ine: rotate
nh nh sau
nd : Rotate
e angle in U
Chon oi t
Chon tiep
oint : ( Chon
n angle or
nce]: s du
nd: Rotate
positive an
bjects: 1 fo
bjects:
base point:
rotation an
the referen
CNTT
inh
displacemen
a vec t di
t dch chu
ch chuyen
e xung q
t the objects
e
:
e
UCS: ANGD
tng can q
oi tng c
n tam quay
[ Referenc
ng goc tham

ngle in UCS
ound ( Chon
: ( Chon tam
ngle or [Cop
nce angle <
Tr
nt < Use fir
chuyen )
uyen bang h
mi chnh
quanh m
s to rotate,
DIR=Counn
quay )
can quay ho
y )
ce ] :( Nha
m chieu
S: ANGDIR
n oi tng
m quay )
py/Referen
<30>: Chn
ng ai ho
rst point as
hai iem th
xac.
mot iem
and right-c
nter clockw
oac Enter )
ap goc qua
R=counterc
can quay )
ce] <350>:
n P1 Specify
oc S pham
s displacem
h nen dung
m (Lenh R
lick in the d
wise - angba

y hoac nha
clockwise A
)
R
y second po
B
Ky thuat Tp
ment >: ( N
Osnap hoa
Rotate)
drawing are
ase=0
ap R chon
ANGBASE
oint: Chn P
Tp.HCM
86
Nhap iem
ac dung toa
ea. Click
chc nang
E=0
P2
6
m
a
g
Specify the new angle or [Points] <11>: Chn P3

5. Ve mat cat (lenh Hatch va lenh Bhatch)

Ve mat cat bang lenh Hatch
Draw toolbar:
Draw menu: Hatch
Command line: hatch
Khi goi lenh xuat hien hop thoai Hatch and Gradient. Hop thoai nay co hai trang
Hatch va Gradient.

Trang Hatch
a) Chon mau mat cat (Type)
Tren danh sach type co 3 dang mau mat cat: Predefined, Uer defined va custom

Predefined: cho phep ta chon cac mau co san trong tap tin ACAD.DAT cua AutoCAD

Custom: chon mau c tao bang file.PAT khi o nhap ten file.PAT vao o soan
thao Custom Patterm.

Uer defind: dung e chon mau co dang ng thang song song

b) Hop thoai Hatch Pattern Palette
Hop thoai nay ta co the chon cac mau mat cat bang anh tai o Swatch hoac []
nam ben phai danh sach Pattern khi o xuat hien hop thoai Hatch Pattern Palette co tat
ca 4 trang (mau mat cat theo ANSI), ISO,Other Predefined va Custom

Trang Predefined

Trang ANSI

Trang ISO

c) Gan cac tnh chat cho mau mat cat (Angle, Scale)
Angle:
Gia tri Angle nh o nghieng cua cac ng cawtsso vi mau chon. Gia tr mac
nh la 0

Scale:
La gia tr he so ty le cho mau mat cat ang chon, thong thng he so ty le nay
phu thuoc vao gii han ban ve

d) Xac nh ng bien mat cat (boundaries)

Pick points: xac nh ng bien kn bang cach chon mot iem ben trong
Select objects: chon ng bien kin bang cach chon oi tng
Remove boundaries: tr i vung bien kn
View Selections: xem cac ng bien a chon di dang cac net t.
e) Island detection
Chon cac kieu ve mat cat, co 3 kieu: Normal, Outer va Ignore

f) Cac la chon khac hop thoai Hatch
Options: cac ng cat lien ket neu ta chon nut Associative

: xem trc mat cat c ve
: thc hien lenh ve mat cat, ay la
bc cuoi cung cua lenh Hatch
V du :ng dung lenh Bhatch ve mat cat cua hnh sau:

Chon vao vung
ve mat cat
Chon vao ng bien
e ve ky hieu mat cat
Hnh 1
Hnh 2

Cu phap cau lenh:
Command: Hatch
Enter a pattern name or [?/Solid/User defined] <ANSI31>: ( Nhap ten mau mat cat )
Specify a scale for the pattern <1.0000>: ( Nhap ty le mat cat )
Specify an angle for the pattern <0>: ( Nhap gia tr goc quay )
Select objects to define hatch boundary or <direct hatch>,
Select objects: ( Chon oi tng xac nh vung bien mat cat )
Select objects: ( Tiep tucchon oi tng xac nh vung bien mat cat hoac Enter ket thuc
viec la chon )
V du : ghi ky hieu mat cat nh hnh 1.

Command: Hatch
Enter a pattern name or [?/Solid/User defined] <ANSI31>: ANSI33
Specify a scale for the pattern <1.0000>: 2
Specify an angle for the pattern <0>: ( Enter mac nh )
Select objects: ( Chon hnh 1 )
V du : Ghi ky hieu mat cat nh hnh 2
Command: Hatch
Enter a pattern name or [?/Solid/User defined] <ANSI33>: ANSI31
Specify a scale for the pattern <1.0000>: 2
Specify an angle for the pattern <0>: ( Enter mac nh )
Select objects: ( Chon a giac )
Select objects: ( Enter ket thuc lenh )
Trun
Bien

M
M
C
tn
oi t
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
T
Tng t
6. K
Cach gi l
Modify toolb
Modify men
Command l
Lenh E
g khac (
tng can k
Cau tru
Comma
Curren
Select b
Select
Select
Select
[Fence
Select
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Trang Grad
nh lnh
Keo dai
lnh:
bar:
nu: Extend
ine: extend
Extend dung
ng bien -
keo dai .
uc cua lenh
and : Exten
nt setting : P
boundary e
objects : ( C
objects : ( C
object to ex
/Crossing/P
object to ex
CNTT
inh
dient
Hatch ch k
oan th
d
d
g e keo d
Boundary
h Extend nh
nd
Projection=U
edge ...
Chon ng
Chon tiep h
xtend or shi
Project/Edg
xtend or shi
Tr
khc l t m
hang (Le
ai mot oi
edges ). o
h sau :
UCS Edge=
g bien ne
hoac Enter
ift-select to
ge/Undo]: (
ift-select to
ng ai ho
mu cho i
enh Ext
tng ( Ob
oi tng la
=None
et co dau)
ket thuc)
o trim or
Chon oi t
o trim or
oc S pham
i tng
end)
bject to exte
bien ( boun
tng e ke
Ky thuat Tp
end ) en c
ndary ) cun
eo dai net
Tp.HCM
93
cat mot oi
ng co the la
t co dau x )

i

[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: ( Chon tiep oi tng e keo dai hoac
enter ket thuc )

Cac la chon:
Project: la chn ny ko di cc cch ca m hnh 3D .
Undo : Dung e huy bo thao tac va thc hien .
Edge: Dung e keo dai mot oi tng ti cham vao phan keo dai cua mot
net ve khac ma khong giao nhau vi no

7. Ghi kch thc
7.1. Gii thieu ve kch thc
Kch thc ghi tren ban ve the hien o ln cua vat the c bieu dien. Ghi kch
thc la mot van e rat quan trong khi lap ban ve. Quy tac ghi kch thc dai, kch thc
goc tren cac ban ve va tai lieu ky thuat c quy nh trong TCVN 5705 1993. Tieu
chuan nay phu hp vi tieu chuan quoc te ISO1291985. Technical drawings
Dimensioning General principles.
7.2. Quy nh chung nh sau
- Kch thc ghi tren ban ve la kch thc thc cua vat the , khong phu thuoc vao t le
cua ban ve .
- So lng kch thc ghi tren ban ve phai ay u e che tao va kiem tra vat the . (
khong tha , khong thieu )
- Kch thc tham khao c ghi trong dau ngoac(...).
- n v o kch thc o dai va sai lech gii han ghi tren ban ve la mm th khong
can ghi n v o tren ban ve. Neu dung n v o dai khac th n v o ghi ngay
sau ch so kch thc hoac trong phan chu thch.
7.3. ng kch thc va ng giong
- ng kch thc va ng giong ve bang net lien manh.
- ng giong keo dai qua ng kch thc mot oan 1-2 mm

trc khi extend
Sau khi extend
sau extend
(vi edgemode=extend)

- Khong dung ng truc, ng bao lam ng kch thc nhng cho phep dung
chung lam ng giong

- ng giong c ke vuong goc vi oan can ghi kch thc, khi can co the ke xien
goc nhng hai ng cua mot kch thc phai luon song song nhau.

- ng giong co the cat nhau nhng khong c cat ng kch thcva nhat la ch
so kch thc.
- Cach ghi kch thc ng tron va ban knh cung tron la trc ch so kch thc phai
ghi k hieu hoac R .
- Ghi kch thc vat mep va khoet lo

- Ghi tr so kch thc tren ban ve : Con so kch thc ghi tren ng kch thc.
6
10
45
Dung kho ch theo TCVN e ghi kch thc. Ch so kch thc c at pha tren oi
vi ng kch thc.
Bang phan mem AutoCad ta co the tao kieu kch thc ung theo TCVN cua
ban ve ky thuat nh sau:

7.4. Cac bc tao kieu kch thc trong AutoCad 2006 nh sau
Cac thanh phan kch thc trong AutoCad 2006, Mot kch thc bat ky bao gom
cac thanh phan chu yeu sau ay:
Dimension Line ( ng kch thc ) la ng c gii han bi hai au mui
ten.
Extension Line ( ng giong ) la cac ng thang vuong goc vi ng kch
thc, tuy nhien ta co the hieu chnh no thanh ng nghieng vi ng kch
thc.
Dimension text ( ch so kch thc ) la so o o
ln cua oi tng c ghi kch thc. Trong ch
so kch thc co the ghi dung sai , ghi tien to ,
hau to cua kch thc. Chieu cao ch so kch
thc trong cac ban ve ky thuat c quy nh
trong TCVN . Thong thng ch so kch thc
nam trong ng giong, neu khong u cho no se
nam ngoai hai ng giong.Khi n v o trong
ban ve ky thuat la mm th ta khong can ghi n
v o sau ch so kch thc.
Arrowheads ( Mui ten ) oi vi phan mem
AutoCad 2006 a co san th vien mui ten bao
gom 20 dang mui ten.

ay la bang liet ke cac loai mui ten kch thc

Trun
Bien
8
Cach
D
D
C
Spec
nhat)
Spec
Spec
mot
can g
V

V
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
8.
8.1. G
h goi Lenh:
Dimension t
Dimension
Command l
Chon h
cau t
Comman
cify first ex
)
cify second
cify dimens
iem e
C
ghi kch th
du : Ghi k
Phng
du : ghi kc

Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Mot va
Ghi kch th
:
toolbar:
menu: Lin
ine: dimlin
hai iem goc
truc cau len
nd: Dimline
xtension lin
extension
sion line loc
nh v tr
Chu y : kho
c t 6 en
ch thc th
g phap chon
ch thc tha
au mui ten
( Arrowheads

Ch so k
( Dimensio
CNTT
inh
ai kieu gh
hc thang

near
near
c cua hai
nh:
ear
ne origin o
line origin:
cation or [M
ng kch th
oang cach g
n 10 mm.
hang hnh v
n oi tng
ang bang c
Dimen
P
1
Cac than
n
s )
ch thc
on text )
Tr
hi kch t

ng giong
or <select o
( chon iem
Mtext/Text/
hc )
gia ng
e sau ay :
g :
ach chon
Extens
sion Line L
nh phan kc
+
ng ai ho
thc th
g :
object>: (ch
m goc n
/Angle/Hori
kch thc

oi tng:
sion Line o
Location
P
2
ch thc

ng kc
( Dimensio
oc S pham
hong dun
hon iem
ng giong th
izontal/Ver
( dimensio
origin
( Extensio
ch thc
on Line )
ng gi
Ky thuat Tp
ng nhat
goc ng
hai)
rtical/Rotate
on Line ) va
on Line )
ong
Tp.HCM
97
giong th
ed]: ( chon
a oi tng
7

g

Cau truc cau lenh :
Command: Dimlinear
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: ( Nhan Enter e AutoCAD mac
nh <Select object> )
Select object to dimension:( chon oi tng can ghi kch thc )
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical
/Rotated]: ( chon mot iem e nh v tr ng kch thc )
Cac La Chon Khac :
Rotated :
S dung la chon nay e ghi kch thc co ng kch thc nghieng vi ng chuan
mot goc nao o.

a)Angle of Dimension Line 150 b)Angle of Dimension Line 120
La chon nay dung e ghi kch thc cac oan thang khong song song voi cac truc toa o.
Command: Dimlinear
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: ( truy bat iem P
1
)
Specify second extension line origin: ( truy bat iem P
2
)
Specify dimension line location or
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: R ( chon Rotated )
Specify angle of dimension line <0>: 150 ( nhap goc can quay )
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: ( Chon mot iem nh v ng kch
thc )
Dimension Line Location
Chon Line
Text : Dung e nhap ch so kch thc
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: T
Dimension text = ( nhap gia tr mi vao hoac Enter e chon mac nh ).

Mtext :
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: M
se xuat hien hop thoai Text Formatting.

Tren hop thoai nay ta nhap ch so kch thc mi vao, tien to ( prefix ), hau to ( suffix ) ...
hoac e nhap cac k hieu ta chon nut Symbol.


Angle :
Xac nh goc nghieng cho ch so kch thc so vi ng chuan.
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: A
Specify angle of dimension text : ( nhap gia tr goc nghieng ch so kch thc )

a)Angle = 45 b)Angle = 90

Horizontal :
Ghi kch thc nam ngang, khi chon H xuat hien dong nhac :
Trun
Bien
Spec
s du
Spec
s du
8
Di
D
Co
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
cify dimens
ung cac la
Ghi kch
cify dimens
ung cac la
8.2. G
C
imension toolbar
imension menu
ommand line: di
C
C
S
th nhat P
S
S
[
G
C
S
th nhat P
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
sion line loc
a chon khac
Vertical
h thc than
sion line loc
a chon khac
Ghi kich th
Cach goi len
r:
: Aligned
imaligned
Cau truc ca
Command: D
Specify first
P1)
Specify seco
Specify dim
Mtext/Text
Ghi kch th
Command: D
Specify first
P5)
CNTT
inh
cation or [M
c )
:
ng ng , nh
cation or [M
c )
hc thang
nh:
au lenh:
Dimaligned
t extension
ond extensi
mension line
t/Angle]: (c
c tren
Dimaligned
t extension
Tr
Mtext/Text/
hap V xuat
Mtext/Text/
cho ng
d
n line origin
ion line ori
e location o
chon mot i
ng tron
d
n line origin
ng ai ho
/Angle]: ( c
t hien cac d
/Angle]: ( c
g nghieng (
n or <select
gin: (iem
or
iem nh v
n or <select
oc S pham
chon v tr
dong nhac
chon v tr
(lenh DimA
object>: (
goc ng
tr ng k
t object>:(
Ky thuat Tp
ng kch

ng kch

Aligned)
iem goc
giong th h
kch thc)
iem goc
Tp.HCM
101
thc hoac
thc hoac

ng giong
hai P2)
)
ng giong
c
c
g
g
Trun
Bien
8
Di
D
Co
8
D
D
C
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
S
N
S
[
S
[
8.3. G
C
mension toolb
imension men
ommand line: d
Cau truc
Comman
Select ar
Dimensi
Specify
thc)
8.4. G
C
Dimension t
Dimension
Command l
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Specify seco
Non-associa
Specify dim
Mtext/Text
Specify dim
Mtext/Text
Ghi kch th
Cach goi len
bar:
u: Radius
dimradius
c cau lenh:
nd: Dimrad
rc or circle
ion text = 4
dimension
- Khi
knh
- La
lenh
Ghi kch th
Cach goi le
toolbar:
menu: Dia
ine: dimdia
CNTT
inh
ond extensi
ative dimen
mension line
t/Angle]: M
mension line
t/Angle]: (c
hc ban k
nh:
dius
: (chon cun
41
line locatio
ghi kch th
thc nam
chon Mtex
h Dimlinear
hc ng
nh:

ameter
ameter
Tr
ion line ori
nsion create
e location o
M man hnh
e location o
chon mot i
nh (lenh D
ng tron tai m
on or [Mtex
c cung tr
m ngoai
xt, Text, va
r
g knh (lenh
ng ai ho
gin: (iem
ed.
or
Text Form
or
iem nh v
Dimradius)
mot iem ba
xt/Text/Ang
ron co ban
ng tron
a Angle tro
h Dimdiam
oc S pham
goc ng
matting xuat
tr ng k

at ky)
gle]: (chon
n knh nho t
ng lenh Di
meter)
Ky thuat Tp
giong th h
t hien nhap
kch thc)

n v tr cua
th mui ten
mradius t
Tp.HCM
102
hai P6)
%%C 40
)
ng kch
n va ch so
ng t nh
h
o

Trun
Bien
8
Cach
D
D
C
8
D
D
C
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
C
C
S
D
S
ng kc
C

8.5. G
h goi lenh:
Dimension to
Dimension m
Command li
L
ng tro

C
C
S
8.6. G
C
Dimension t
Dimension
Command l
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Cau truc cau
Command: D
Select arc o
Dimension t
Specify dim
ch thc)
- La
nh l
Chu y:

Ghi dau tam
oolbar:
menu: Cen
ne: Dimcen
Lenh Dimce
on hay cung
a
Cau truc len
Command: D
Select arc o
Ghi kch th
Cach goi le
toolbar:
menu: Ang
ine: Diman
CNTT
inh
u lenh:
Dimdiamet
or circle: (ch
text = 60
mension lin
chon Mtex
lenh Dimli
khi nhap
khi nhap
khi nhap
m (lenh Di

ter Mark
nter
enter ve da
g tron
a. (center l
nh:
Dimcenter
or circle:( ch
hc goc (le
nh:

gular
ngular
Tr
ter
hon ng
ne location
xt, Text, va
near
p %%C la
p %%p la
p %%d la
imcenter)
au tam (cen
line)
hon cung ha
enh Diman
ng ai ho
tron tai mo
n or [Mtex
a Angle tro

nter mark)
b
ay ng tr
ngular)
oc S pham
ot iem bat
t/Text/Ang
ong lenh D
va ng
b. (center m
ron)
Ky thuat Tp
ky)
gle]: (chon
Dimdiamete
tam (cente

mark)
Tp.HCM
103
v tr cua
er tng t
er line) cua
a

a

Command: Dimangular
Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: neu la cung tron chon oi tng
(hoac chon line 1)
Select second line: (chon line 2)
Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: (chon v tr cua
ng kch thc)
8.7. Ghi toa o iem (lenh Dimordinate)
Cach goi lenh:
Dimension toolbar:
Dimension menu: Ordinate
Command line: dimordinate

Cau truc lenh:
Command: Dimordinate
Specify feature location: (chon iem can ghi kch thc)
Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]: (chon tung o Y hoac
hoanh o X)
Dimension text = 25: (gia tr toa o)
8.8. Ghi chu vi cung (lenh Dimarc)
Cach goi lenh:
Dimension toolbar:
Dimension menu: Arc Length
Command line: dimarc
Trun
Bien
Com
Sele
Spec
cua
8
Cach
Di
D
Co
Cau
Com
Sele
Spec
Dime
Spec
Spec
8
Cach
D
D
C
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
mmand: Dim
ct arc or po
cify arc leng
ng kch
8.9. G
h goi lenh:
mension toolb
imension men
ommand line: d
truc cau le
mmand: Dim
ct arc or cir
cify center l
ension text
cify dimens
cify jog loca
8.10. G
h goi lenh:
Dimension t
Dimension
Command l
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
marc
olyline arc s
gth dimensi
thc)
Ghi chu vi c
bar:
u: J ogged
dimjogged
nh:
mjogged
rcle: chon c
location ov
t = 50
sion line loc
ation: (chon
Ghi chuoi k
toolbar:
menu: Bas
ine: dimba
CNTT
inh
segment: ch
ion location
cung (lenh
cung tron
erride: cho
cation or [M
n v tr at
kch thc

seline
aseline
Tr
hon cung tr
n, or [Mtex
h Dimjogge
on tam cung
Mtext/Text/
ng gay
song song
ng ai ho
ron
xt/Text/Ang
d)

g tron
/Angle]: (ch
kch thc)
(lenh Dim
oc S pham

gle/Partial/L
hon v tr a
)
mbaseline)
Ky thuat Tp
Leader]: (ch
at kch th
Tp.HCM
105
hon v tr
c)
Trun
Bien
Com
Spec
Spec
Spec
Com
Spec
th h
Dime
Spec
th h
Dime
Spec
th h
Dime
Spec
th h
Dime
Spec
th h
Dime
Spec
8
Cach
D
D
C
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
Ghi kch
mmand: Dim
cify first ex
cify second
cify dimens
Ghi kch
mmand: Dim
cify a secon
hai P1)
ension text
cify a secon
hai P2)
ension text
cify a secon
hai P3)
ension text
cify a secon
hai P4)
ension text
cify a secon
hai P5)
ension text
cify a secon
8.11. G
h goi lenh:
Dimension t
Dimension
Command l
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
h thc chu
mlinear
tension line
extension
sion line loc
h thc bas
mbaseline
nd extension
t = 80
nd extension
t = 120
nd extension
t = 160
nd extension
t = 176
nd extension
t = 210
nd extension
Ghi chuoi k
toolbar:
menu: Con
ine: dimco
CNTT
inh
un
e origin or <
line origin:
cation or[M
seline
n line origi
n line origi
n line origi
n line origi
n line origi
n line origi
kch thc

ntinue
ontinue
Tr
<select obje

Mtext/Text/A
n or [Undo/
n or [Undo/
n or [Undo/
n or [Undo/
n or [Undo/
n or [Undo/
noi tiep (le
ng ai ho
ect>:
Angle/Horiz
/Select] <S
/Select] <S
/Select] <S
/Select] <S
/Select] <S
/Select] <S
enh Dimco
oc S pham
zontal/Vert
Select>: (ch
Select>:(ch
Select>:(ch
Select>:(ch
Select>:(ch
Select>: Ent
ontinue)
Ky thuat Tp
tical/Rotate
hn gc
n gc n
n gc n
n gc n
n gc n
ter kt thc
Tp.HCM
106

ed]:
ng ging
ng ging
ng ging
ng ging
ng ging
lnh
6

Command: Dimcontinue
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>:(chn gc ng ging
th hai P1)
Dimension text = 48
th hai P2)
Dimension text = 40
th hai P3)
Dimension text = 40
th hai P4)
Dimension text = 16
th hai P5)
Dimension text = 34
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: Enter kt thc lnh
8.12. Tao nhanh chuoi kch thc (lenh Qdim)
Cach goi lenh:
Dimension toolbar:
Dimension menu: Quick Dimension
Command line: qdim

Command: Qdim
Associative dimension priority = Endpoint
Select geometry to dimension: 1 found (chn i tng)
Select geometry to dimension:
Specify dimension line position, or
[Continuous/Staggered/Baseline/Ordinate/Radius/Diameter/datumPoint/Edit/seTtings
] <Continuous>: (chn v tr t kch thc)
Cac la chon:
Continuous: Tao chuoi kch thc noi tiep
Staggered: Tao chuoi kch thc so le
Baseline: Tao nen chuoi kch thc song song
Ordinate: Tao nen chuoi toa o cac iem
Radius: Tao nen chuoi kch thc ban knh
Diameter: Tao nen chuoi kch thc ng knh
datumPoint: Tao iem chuan mi cho chuoi kch thuwowcssong song va tao o
Edit: Hieu chnh chuoi kch thc
8.13. Ghi kch thc theo ng dan (lenh Qleader)
Cach goi lenh:
Dimension toolbar:
Dimension menu: Leader
Command line: Qleader

Cu trc cu lnh:
Command: Qleader
Specify first leader point, or [Settings] <Settings>: chn im th nht P1
Specify next point: chn im k tip P2
Specify next point: chn im k tip P3
Specify text width <0>: Enter hoc nhp Text
8.14. Ghi dung sai hnh dang v tr (lenh Tolerance)
Cach goi lenh:
Dimension toolbar:
Dimension menu: Tolerance
Command line: Tolerance

Lnh Tolerance dung ghi dung sai hnh dang va v triscacs be mat tren ban ve bang hop
thoai Geometric Tolerance va symbol . ket hp vi lenh leader ta tao ng dan cho ky
hieu dung sai.

Hop thoai Geometric Tolerance

Hop thoai Symbol

Dung sai v tr
Dung sai o nghieng
Dung sai profile mat
Dung sai vuong goc
Dung sai o phang
Dung sai o ao tong
cong
Dung sai o ao hng
knh, mat au
Dung sai profile mat
Dung sai profile ng
Dung sai o tru
8.15. Hieu chnh ch so kch thc (lenh DDedit)
Cach goi lenh:
Text toolbar:
Modify menu: Object Text Edit
Pointing device: Double-click a text object.
Shortcut menu: Select a text object, right-click in the drawing area, and click Edit.
Command line: ddedit
Hieu chnh ch so kch thc bang hop thoai Text Formatting

9. Trnh t tao kieu ghi kch thc mi
Lenh DimStyle
Cach goi lenh:
Styles toolbar:
Format menu: Dimension Style
Dimension menu: Style
Command line: dimstyle
Command: DimStyle xuat hien hop thoai Dimension Style Manager

Cac la chon :
Styles: danh sach cac kie kch thc co trong ban ve hien hanh
List : liet ke toan bo cac kieu kch thc ( All Style ) hoac ch liet ke cac
cac kieu kch thc c s dung ( Style in use )
Set current : gan mot kieu kch thc ang chon lam hien hanh
New : tao kieu kch thc mi. Khi chon New lam xuat hien hop thoai
create New Dimension Style.

Sau khi at ten va chon loai kch thc nhap nut continue se xuat hien hop thoai
New Dimension Style, tren hop thoai Dimension Style ta chon mot trong cac trang sau e
nhap cac gia tr bien cho kieu kch thc mi :

Trang Lines

Gan cac bien lien quan en s xuat hien va kieu dang cua ng kch thc ,
ng giong , mau ch, mau ng giong kch thc.
ng kch thc ( Dimension Lines ):
Cac gia tr lien quan en ng kch thc bao gom:
+ Color : thay oi mau cua cac ng kch thc
+ Lineweight : nh chieu rong net in cho ng kch thc
+ Extend beyond ticks : khoang ng kch thc nho ra khoi ng giong
+ Baseline Spacing : khoang cach gia cac ng kch thc trong chuoi
kch thc song song.
+ Suppress : Dimension Style Line 1 bo qua ng kch thc th nhat (
xem bien DIMSD1 ) neu chon o nay th bien DIMSD1=ON hnh ve 14.6a , Dimention
style Line 2 bo qua ng kch thc th hai ( bien DIMSD2 ) neu chon th bien DIMSD2
= ON
Extension Line : Gan gia tr cac bien lien quan en ng giong :
+ Color : mau cua ng giong
+ Lineweight : nh chieu rong net in cho ng giong
+ Extend byond Dimension Style line : khoang ng giong nho ra khoi
ng kch thc
+ Offset From origin : khoang cach t iem can giong en au ng giong
+ Suppress :
Ext Line 1 bo qua ng giong th nhat ( neu chon th bien DIMSE 1 = ON )
Ext Line 2 bo qua ng giong th hai ( neu chon th bien DIMSE 2 = ON )

Trang Symbol and Arrows :

Gan cac bien lien quan en s xuat hien va kieu dang cua ng kch thc, mui ten ,
ng giong , dau tam va ng tam.
+ Arrowheads (Mui ten ) :Chon dang mui ten va o ln cua no o Arrow Size
+ Center Marks: (Dau tam va ng tam) :
Xac nh dau va ng tam co ba dang :
+ Center mark ( dau tam )
+ None ( khong hien len dau tam )
+ Line Size kch thc dau tam ( bien DIMCEN )

Trang Text :


Tng t nh trong phan tao Text Style
Text Appearance: ieu khien hnh dang va kch c cua ch so kch thc
+ Text Style : tao kieu ch trong hop thoai nay.
+ Text Color : gan mau cho ch so kch thc.
+ Text Height : chieu cao ch so kch thc.
+ Scale Factor For Fraction Height Gan t le gia chieu cao ch so kch thc
+ Draw Frame Around Text : ve khung ch nhat bao quanh ch so kch thc
Text placement :
+ Vertical position: ieu khien v tr cua ch so kch thc theo phng thang
ng
+ Centered : ch so kch thc nam gia ng kch thc DIMTAD = 0
+ Above v tr ch so kch thc nam tren ng kch thc. DIMTAD = 1
khoang cach gia ch so kch thc vi ng kch thc c xac nh bi bien
DIMGAP ( o Offset From Dimension Line cua hop thoai nay.
+ Outside va JIS v tr ch so kch thc nam ngoai hoac di ng kch thc
( DIMTAD =2 )
Text Alignment :
+ Aligned With Dimension Line : ch so kch thc luon nam song song vi
ng kch thc
+ ISO Standard : ch so kch thc se song song vi ng kch thc khi nam
trong hai ng giong, va nam ngang khi nam ngoai hai ng giong .
+ Horizontal : ch so kch thc se song song vi ng chan tri (ng 0 o) .

Trang Fit :

Kiem tra v tr ch so kch thc, au mui ten. ng dan va ng kch thc. e
co the at ch so kch thc o v tr tuy chon tren ban ve ta nen chon chc nang Place text
manualy when dimentioning

Trang Primary Units:

Trong trang nay ta can chu y kiem tra n v o o dai ( Linear Dimention) n v o goc (
Angular Dimention ) tai dong Unit format (V du : Decimal) va so ch so sau dau phay
(Pricision).
Trang Alternate Units:


Gan dang va o chnh xac cua n v chieu dai, goc, kch thc va ty le cua n v o lien
ket (Gia Inch va Milimeter)
Trang Tolerance :

Dung e gan dung sai cho kch thc, cach ghi dung sai gom co:
+ Non: Khong ghi dung sai.
+ Symmetical: Gia tr dung sai c ghi oi sng.
+ Deviation: Gia tr sai lech tren va di khac nhau.
+ Limits: Gia tr kch thc la gia tr gii han tren va gii han di.
+ Basic: Hien th mot khung ch nhat xung quanh kch thc danh ngha.

BAI 5
1. Ch va so trong ban ve

1.1. Kho ch va kieu ch viet
- Ch viet tren ban ve va tai lieu ky thuat phai ro rang thong nhat cung mot kieu, de
oc.
- TCVN 6-85 ch viet tren ban ve quy nh ch viet , ch so va dau c ban phu hp
vi Tieu chuan Quoc te ISO 3098/11974 Ban ve ky thuatch viet .

1.2. Kho ch
Kho ch (h)c xac nh bang chieu cao cua ch hoa tnh bang mm chieu cao
cua ch hoa (h) c o vuong goc vi dong ke ngang c quy nh nhng kho ch nh
sau 2.5; 3.5; 5; 7; 10; 14; 20; 28; 40.
Chieu rong cua net ch (b) c xac nh phu thuoc vao kieu ch chieu cao ch
Kieu ch : gom cac kieu ch sau :
+ Kieu A ng va kieu A nghieng 75
0
vi b =1/14 h
+ Kieu B ng va kieu B nghieng 75
0
vi b =1/10 h

Cac Thong So Cua Ch Xem Bang Sau :
Thong so ch viet K hieu
Kch thc tng oi
Kieu A Kieu B
Kho ch
Chieu cao ch hoa
Chieu cao ch thng khoang
cach gia cac ch
Bc nho nhat cua cac dong
Khoang cach gia cac t
Chieu rong cua net ch

h
c
a
b
e
d

14/14 h
10/14 h
2/14 h
22/ 14 h
6/ 14 h
1/14 h

10/10 h
7/10 h
2/10 h
17/ 10 h
6/10 h
1/10 h

1.3. Tao kieu ch bang phan mem AutoCad

Trong AutoCAD ta co the tao c cac kieu ch phu hp vi tieu chuan cua mot
ban ve ky thuat bang cach sau :
Tao kieu ch bang hop thoai Text style:
Cach goi lenh:
Format menu: Text Style
Command line: style (or 'style for transparent use)

Khi thc hien bang lenh Text style se xuat hien hop thoai Tex Style

Tao kieu ch tren hop thoai Text Style theo trnh t sau :
- Chon nut New se xuat hien hop thoai New Tex Style trong o soan thao Style
Name ta nhap ten kieu ch mi ma ta muon , v du : kieu LE LINH.

- Nhap Ok

- Chon font ch: ta co the chon font ch ma ta can (phu hp vi tieu chuan ky
thuat )
- Nhap chieu cao kieu ch vao o Height
- Ta co the xem kieu ch ma ta va chon tai o Preview co the thay oi ten va
kieu ch bang nut Rename .
- Sau khi tao xong ta nhap nut Apply e tao kieu ch khac muon ket thuc ta
nhap vao nut close
- Chieu rong ch ta nhap vao o width factor
- o nghieng ch ta nhap vao o Obliquing Angle .
Tao kieu ch bang dong nhac lenh style :
Lenh Style c nhap t ban phm :
Cau truc cau lenh :
Command: Style
Enter name of text style or [?] <Standard>: ( nhap ten kieu ch )
Specify full font name or font filename (TTF or SHX) <txt>:( Ten font )
Specify height of text < 0 > : ( nhap gia tr chieu cao ch )
Specify obliquing Angle < 0 > : ( nhap o nghieng cua ch )
Display text back wards ? [ Yes / No ] < N >
Display text Upside down ? [ Yes / No ] < N >
Vertical ? [ N ] :

2. Tao nhom (Lenh Group)
Command line: group

Pull-down menu Type in Toolbars
Tools/Object group... Group

Lenh Group dung e chon ra mot so vat the tao thanh mot nhom va sau o khi phai
tra li chc nang Select Object cua mot lenh nao o ta nhap G (Group ) e chon lai
nhng vat the nay, ma khong phai chon lai tng vat the cua nhom .
Cau truc cua lenh nh sau :
Command : Group
Khi o se xuat hien hop thoai Object grouping nh sau:
Hop thoai Object group

3. Chon oi tng ( Lenh Select)
Lenh nay c go trc tiep t ban phm . Cau truc lenh nay nh sau :
Command : Select
Select objects : ( chon oi tng )
Select objects : ( tiep tuc chon hoac Enter cham dt la chon )
Khi thc hien cac lenh co Select object , yeu cau la chon lai nhng vat the a
chon t lenh ta tra li bang cach nhap ch P ( Previous ) t ban phm . V du khi can xoa
nhng vat the tren khoi ban ve ta lam nh sau :
Command : E
Select object : P
Select object :
4. Lenh DDselect

Pull-down menu Toolbars Type in
Tools / Selection DDselect
Khi thc hien lenh DDselect se lam xuat hien trang Selection cua hop thoai
Options ( ToolsOptions )

5. Co dan oi tng (Lenh Stretch)
Lenh stretch dung e keo dan cac oi tng . Neu oi
tng la ng thang hoac cung tron th se c keo
dan hay co lai . Nhng neu oi tng la ng tron th ch co the b di chuyen ma thoi .
Khi chon oi tng e stretch ta ch c dung cach chon Crossing ( Crossing window
hoac Crossing polygon ), cac oi tng nao b khung chon cat qua th se b co dan , con
Trun
Bien
nhn
tro
cach
M
M
C
Sele
Sele
Sele
Spec
Spec
co kh

6
Lenh
thc
c
Cach
M
C
Cau
Sele
Sele
Spec
Spec
chon
Spec
Spec
c

S
1
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
ng oi tn
ong khung c
h goi lenh:
Modify toolb
Modify men
Command l
Comma
ct objects to
ct objects :
ct objects :
cify base po
cify second
hi chon bas

6.
h Align cho
va quay v
c chon
h goi lenh:
Modify men
Command l
truc cau le
Comman
ct objects :
ct objects :
cify first sou
cify first de
n )
cify second
cify second
c chon )
S
2
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
ng nam tron
chon la u )
bar:
nu: Stretch
ine: stretc
and : Stretc
o stretch by
( Chon oi
Enter
oint or displ
d point of di
se point)
Di chuy
o phep dch
va tnh tie
nu: 3D Ope
ine: align
nh nh sau
nd : Align
( Chon vat
( Chon tiep
urce point (
stination po
source poi
d destination
D
1
CNTT
inh
ng khung ch
)
h
h
ch
y crossing w
i tng )
lacement :
isplacemen
yen va x
h chuyen n
en. ong th
eration A
:

t the can Al
p nhng va
( Chon iem
oint ( Chon
nt ( Chon
n point ( C
Tr
hon th b d
window or c
( chon goc
nt : ( Cho
oay vat
nhng vat t
i lenh Ali
Align
lign )
at the can A
m nguon th
n ch en c
iem nguon
Chon ch
D
2
sau a
ng ai ho
di chuyen (
crossing po
vect di ch
nh cua ve
the (Le
the c ch
gn con cho
Align hoac E
1: S
1
, cua
cua iem n
n th 2: S
2
c
en cua ie
lign
oc S pham
rieng vi v
lygon...
huyen hoac
ect di chuy
nh Align
hon en v
o phep bien
Enter )
a vat the
guon th 1
cua vat the
em nguon t
Ky thuat Tp
vong tron c
o dai di c
yen cau h
n)
tr mi th
n oi ty le c
c chon )
: D
1
cua va
c chon
th 2: D
2
c
Tp.HCM
122
ch can tam
chuyen )
hoi nay ch
heo phng
cua vat the
at the c
)
cua vat the
m

g

c


7. Tao mot a tuyen (Lenh Boundary)
Lenh nay cho phep tao mot a tuyen (pline ) khi a tuyen o bao tron mot mien lien
thong .
Cach goi lenh:
Draw menu: Boundary
Command line: boundary
Command : BO
khi o tren man hnh se xuat hien hop thoai sau

en ay ta nhan phm chon vao nut Pick point . Luc nay AutoCAD se nhac :
Select internal point : ( nhan phm chon vao vung do BO bao quanh )
Bay gi ta a tao c mot pline bao quanh mien a chon.
v du :
Boundary sau khi chon

Mien chon

Neu tai hop thoai nay ta chon Select object th AutoCAD se yeu cau chon cac vat the
tao thanh ng bao.
8. Nhom cac lenh nh lng
8.1. Lenh ID
Lenh ID cho phep xac nh toa o cua mot iem .
Tools\Inquiry>\IDpoint ID Standard, Inquiry
Command : ID
Specify point : ( Chon iem )
Khi o AutoCAD se thong bao cho biet cac toa o X=...,Y=...,Z=...
8.2. Lenh Dist
Lenh Dist cho phep xac nh o dai cua oan thang c chon va cac so gia cua
cac iem au cua oan thang o.
Tools\Inquiry>distance Dist Standard, Inquiry
Command : Dist
Specify first point : ( Chon au mut th nhat )
Specify second point : ( Chon au mut th hai )
Tren man hnh se xuat hien thong bao sau :
Dist=...., X =...., Y=..., Z=...

8.3. Lenh Area
Lenh Area dung e xac nh chu vi va dien tch cua mot hnh phang.
Tools\Inquiry>Area Area , AA Standard, Inquiry

Command : Area
Specify first corner or [Object/Add/Subtract]: ( Xac nh lan lt cac nh cua a giac
)hoac chon cac chc nang sau :

Cac la chon:

Object : Neu hnh can xac nh chu vi va dien tch la Circle, Polygon, Ellipse,
Boundary, Pline kn th phai chon chc nang nay.Neu chu vi hnh phang la ng bat ky
th ta dung lenh Pedit e noi chung lai (Join) thanh mot pline kn.
Add, Subtract : Neu ben trong cua hnh phang con cha cac hnh phang khac th ta
can dung cac chc nang Add va Sutract e cong (Add) hoac tr (subtract) phan dien tch
ay.
Sau khi ket thuc lenh Area th tren man hnh xuat hien ket qua :
Area =..... , ( dien tch mien kn trong ng bao)
Perimeter =.... ( chu vi cua ng bao )

Trun
Bien

1
Bloc
th
thc
(Bloc
Cach
D
D
C
Khi
thoai
dong
ve.
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
1. Tao Blo
ck la mot nh
ng dung
ng dung
c c tieu
hien cac le
ck ) khi ta c
1.1.
h goi lenh:
Draw toolba
Draw menu
Command li
thc hien l
Cac
Nam
i ben. Ten
B

P
Neu ch
g nhac Sp
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
ock
hom cac o
cua block:
ien hnh n
u chuan hoa
enh ve c b
can chen c
Lenh
r:
: Block M
ne: block
lenh block
la chon h
me : Nhap
Block toi
Base point :
- X ch nh
- Y ch nh
- Z ch nh
Pick point :
hon nut nay
pecify inser
CNTT
inh
oi tng lien

nhat cua bl
a trong ban
ban e ve c
chung vao b
h Block
Make
se xuat hie
hop thoai Bl
p ten Block
a 255 ky t
Ch nh
h hoanh o
h tung o :
h cao o :

y th tam th
rtion base p
Tr
BAI
n ket thanh
lock la khi
n ve : bulon
ac oi tn
ban ve th g
n hop thoa
lock:
k se tao vao
ke ca kho
iem chen
o :

i hop thoa
point va
ng ai ho
6
h mot oi t
s dung ca
ng, ai oc, .
ng , sau o n
goi lenh Ins
i Block Def
o o soan th
oang trang ,
n cua Block
ai Block De
ta chon m
oc S pham
ng duy nh
c chi tiet th
. . e tao m
nhom chun
sert .
finition.

hao (V du
, ch so
k
efinition se
mot iem ch
Ky thuat Tp
hat bang le
hong dung v
mot Block
ng lai thanh
bulong) nh
ong lai va
hen trc tie
Tp.HCM
125
nh Block.
va cac kch
au tien ta
h mot nhom
h hnh hop
a xuat hien
ep tren ban
h
a
m
p
n
n
Object : Ch dnh oi tng thuoc block mi va cho phep ta gi lai , chuyen
oi cac oi tng thanh Block hoac xoa cac oi tng tao Block
Retain: Gi lai cac oi tng chon nh la cac oi tng rieng biet sau khi
tao block .
Convert to block : Chuyen cac oi tng chon thanh Block ngay sau khi tao
Block
Delete : Xoa cac oi tng sau khi tao block .
Select objects
Tam thi ong hop thoai Block Definition e chon cac oi tng thuoc Block nh
tao.
Trnh t tao block bang lenh Block :
Cau truc cau lenh :
Command: Block
Enter block name [? ]: ( nhap ten Block hoac ? e xem cac Block hien co )
Specify insertion base point: ( chon iem chuan e chen )
Select objects: ( chon cac oi tng tao Block )
Select objects: ( tiep tuc chon hay Enter e ket thuc viec la chon )
1.2. Ghi block thanh file (lenh Wblock )
Cach goi lenh:
Command line: Wblock
Lenh Wblock ( Write Block to file ) co the goi t :
+ lock s dung e ghi mot Block hoac mot so oi tng cua ban ve hien hanh
thanh mot file ban ve mi vi uoi . DWG .

+ Neu nh lenh Block ch co the chen vao ban ve hien hanh , th Lenh Wblock co
the cho phep chen vao cac tat ca file ban ve khac nhau .
+Tao File T Block Co San : e tao mot file ban ve t mot block co san thc
hien theo trnh t sau :
+Thc hien lenh Wblock xuat hien hop thoai write block.
Command : WBlock

+ Tai vung Source ta chon Objects
+ Ta nhap ten File vao hop soan thao
File Name va ng dan lu
Block len a ( khi nhap chu y
en ng dan trong hop
Destination)
+ insert units: n v trong hop la
Millimeters
+ Pick point : chon iem chuan e
chen
+Select objects : Sau o chon block
can ghi thanh file
+ Nhap OK
Trun
Bien

2
Ins
In
Co
S d
Se x
OK .

ta co
iem

ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
2. Chen b
Cach g
sert toolbar:
nsert menu: Blo
ommand line: i
ung lenh In
C
xuat hien h
.
Cac la ch
N
B
o the chon B
P
In
S
m chen bang
R
E
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
block bang
goi lenh:

ock
nsert
nsert e che
Commad : I
op thoai In
hon hop th
Name : Ch
Browse : L
Block hoac
Path : Ch
nsertion po
- X : nhap
- Y : nhap
- Z : nhap c
Scale : C
g cac dong
- X : t le c
- Y : t le c
- Z : t le ch
Rotation :
Explode : P
CNTT
inh
g (lenh In
en block va
Insert
nsert sau a
hoai insert :
nh ten B
Lam xuat h
file ban ve
nh ng
int : Ch
hoanh o
tung o ie
cao o iem
Ch nh t le
nhac.
hen theo ph
hen theo ph
hen theo ph
Ch nh go
Pha v cac

Tr
nsert )
ao file ban
ay , ta ch
:
lock hoac f
ien hop tho
e can chen.
dan cua fil
nh iem ch
iem chen
em chen
m chen
e cho Block
hng X
hng Y
hng Z
oc quay cho
c oi tng
ng ai ho
ve hien han
can goi ten
file ban ve
oai Select D

le ban ve ca
hen cua Blo
k hoac ban
o Block
cua Block s
oc S pham
nh .
n Block can
can chen v
Drawing Fi
an chen
ock
n ve c c
c chen .
sau khi che
Ky thuat Tp
n chen va
vao ban ve
ile tren hop
chen hay ch
en.
Tp.HCM
127
nhan phm

hien hanh.
p thoai nay
h nh t le
7
m

y

3. Nhap iem bang phng phap loc toa o chc nang ( filter point)
Trong qua trnh thanh lap ban ve co khi ta phai nhap mot iem ma iem o co
nhieu nhat la hai toa o trung vi mot iem co san tren ban ve. V du nh ta muon ve mot
ng tron co tam nam tai giao iem hai ng cheo cua mot hnh ch nhat
( nhng tren ban ve v
mot ly do g o ta
khong the ve hai
ng cheo o )

Tren hnh ve ta nhan thay Tam ng tron co toa o X la toa o X cua trung iem
canh nam ngang va toa o Y la toa o Y cua trung iem cua canh thang ng . Do o ta
co the s dung phng phap loc toa o . e nhap toa o theo phng phap nay ta phai
nhap dau cham . vao trc ky t tng ng cua toa o can chon . V du nh can nhap
toa o X cua tam vong tron th tai dong nhac :
Specify center point for circle or [ 2P/3P/TTR]: ( ta nhap .X )
of ( ta nhap MID ) of ( ta chon canh nam ngang )
need YZ : ( ta nhap tiep .YZ )
of ( ta nhap MID ) of ( ta chon canh thang ng )
Specify radius of circle or [ Diameter ]: Nhap o ln ban knh hoac nhap D roi nhap o
ln ng knh .
Tom lai phng phap loc toa o co the nhap .X ; . Y ; . Z ; .XY ; .YZ ; .ZX
4. Nhap toa o bang phep toan ( Calculate )
Trong phan mem AutoCAD con cho phep s dung cac phng phap tnh toan e thc
hien ban ve .
Lenh Calculate ( Cal )
Chu y : Neu lenh Cal c dung trc tiep trong khi ang thc hien lenh khac th trc khi
nhap ch cal ta phai nhap dau nhay tren : ( cal )
Lenh Cal cho phep thc hien :
cac phep tnh so hoc :
Cong (+) tr (-) nhan (*) chia (/ ) luy tha ( ^ ) cua cac so thc .
Cac phep tnh vec-t :
- & : V du [a,b,c]&x,y,z]=[(b*z)-(c*y),(c*x)-(a*z),(a*y)-(b*x)]
- * : Xac nh tch vo hng : [a,b,c]*[x,y,z]=ax+by+cz
- +, - cong va tr vec t , iem : [a,b,c]+[x,y,z]=[ax,by,cz]
- * , / nhan va chia vec t vi so thc:A*[x,y,z]=[Ax.Ay,Az]
Chu y : Cac iem nhap trong cong thc tnh :
- neu la toa o th at trong ngoac vuong ( [x,y,z ] )
- Neu do con tro xac nh th nhap ch Cur va sau o pick point tren man hnh .
- Neu la cac gia tr ai so th nhap nh trong phep tnh thong thng .
- Ta cung co the dung chc nang Osnap e bieu th iem trong cac cong thc: end , mid,
cen, int, ...
MIDpoint
MIDpoint
Trun
Bien
Ngo
+
+
tai h
Exp
Spec
Spec
Dista
Khi
+
tren
than
( tron
+
n

Expe
( Xa
Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
( Khi

5
cac
Neu
Cach
D
C

oan

Com
Sele
Ente
Com
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
oai ra con c
+ mee : X
+ Pld ( P,Q
ay khong to
V du:
Command
point : Ca
esion : Pld(
cify P : Xac
cify Q : Xac
ance : Nhap
o ta se co
+ Plt ( A,B,
ng than
oan thang
Command
ng trng h
+ I LL ( A,
ng nhien ph
V du : C
point : Ca
esion : ill(
c nh giao
cify A : Nha
cify B : Nha
cify C : Nha
cify D : Nha
i o ta nhan
5.
Len
oan co chi
ta chon ch
h goi lenh:
Draw menu
Command l
V du : K
n bang nhau
mmand :Divi
ct object to
er the numb
mmad:
A
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
co mot so p
Xac nh to
,khoang ca
on tai ) va c
d: Point
al
( P,Q,l )
c nh P
c nh Q
p gia tr kho
iem M tre
,t ) : Tng
ng , khi bie
g o . V du
d : Plt(end,e
hp nay P v
B,C,D ): P
hai ong ph
Command :
al
( A,B,C,D )
o iem hai
ap iem A
ap iem B
ap iem C
ap iem D
n c iem
Chia oan
h Divide d
ieu dai ban
c nang Blo
u: Point D
ine: divide
Ket hp gi
u .
ide
o divide : ( c
ber of segm
A
CNTT
inh
phep tnh a
oa o cua
ach ) : Khi c
cach mot
oang cach l
en oan tha
g t nh IL
et khoang c
u :
end,30)
va Q ong v
hep tnh na
ang )
: Point
)
oan thang
m M )
n thang th
dung e chi
ng nhau.Tr
ock th tai c
Divide
e
a lenh line
chon oan A
ent or [Blo
Tr
ac trng nh
iem nam gi
can xac n
au mut mo
l
ang PQ.
LD Phep to
cach t no
vai tro la en
ay cho phe
AB va CD
hanh nhie
ia oan tha
ng hp m
cac iem ch
va divide
AB )
ock ] : 6 (
P
A
ng ai ho
:
ia hai iem
nh mot iem
t khoang ch
an nay cun
ti iem
nd va o da
ep xac nh
)
u phan ba
ang, ng
mac nh ca
hia se la ca
e ve hnh
( nhap so o
M
l
A
C
oc S pham
m cuoi bat
m nam tren
ho trc .
ng cho phe
au tnh ban
ai PM =30%
h giao iem
ang nhau (
g tron, cung
c iem chia
ac Block
h va chia o
oan can chi
M
B
Ky thuat Tp
ky (mid,en
mot oan
ep xac nh
ng ty le %
%PQ )
m hai oan
(lenh Divi
g tron, Spli
a se la iem
c chon.
oan thang s
ia )
D
B
Tp.HCM
129
nd,end).
thang ( ton
h mot iem
so vi ban
thang ao (
ide)
ine... thanh
m ( Point ),
sau thanh 6
Q
B
D
9
n
m
n
(
h
,
6
Trun
Bien
6
D
C

cac
mot
tnh c
Com
Sele
Spec
Bloc
oan
- Ent
- Ali
so v
cac B
- Spe
V

Com
Com
Sele
Spe
Com
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
6. Ch
Cach g
Draw menu
Command l
Lenh mea
oan co chi
iem ( Poin
chat cua o
Cau
mmand: Mea
ct object to
cify length
ck vao cac
N
n.
N
ter Name o
ign block w
i ng ca
Block se
ecify length
du :
mmand: L
Specify firs
Specify nex
Specify nex
Specify nex
Specify nex
Specify nex
Specify nex
Specify nex
mmand: ME
ect object to
ecify length
mmand:
P
1
P
1
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
hia oan t
goi lenh:
u: Point M
ine: measu
asure dung
ieu dai cho
nt ) hoac m
oi tng ban
truc cau le
asure
o measure :
of segmen
iem chia )
Neu ta nhap
Neu ta ap B
of Block to i
with object [
an measure
c at tai c
h of segmen
st point: ( c
xt point or
xt point or
xt point or
xt point or
xt point or
xt point or
xt point or

o measure:
h of segmen
CNTT
inh
thang than
Measure
ure
e chia cac
trc bang
mot Block ( n
n au.
enh :
( Chon doi
nt or [Block

p chieu da
B th se xua
insert: ( nha
[ Yes / No
e = goc cua
cac iem ch
nt : ( nhap c
hon P
1
bat
[Undo]: @2
[Undo]: @-
[Close/Und
[Close/Und
[Close/Und
[Close/Und
[Close/Und
( chon oa
nt or [Block
P
6
P
7
Tr
nh nhieu p
c oi tng
g nhau . Tai
neu chon B
i tng can
k ]: ( Nhap
i moi oan
at hien don
ap vao ten
] < Y > :
ng chu
hia eu son
chieu dai
ky )
240,0 ( v
-40,40 (
do]: @-40,5
do]: @-40,1
do]: @-40,-
do]: @-40,-
do]: C (
an P
1
P
2
)
k]: 40 (nha
P
5

ng ai ho
phan bang
(Line, Arc
i cac iem
Block ), oi
chia )
chieu dai
n th AutoC
ng nhac sau
Block can
khi o cac
uan cua Blo
ng song nha
oan can ch
ve oan P
1
ve oan P
2
5 ( ve o
15 ( ve
15 ( ve
5 ( ve o
ve oan P
7
ap chieu da
5
P
oc S pham
g nhau (le
,Circle, Plin
chia cua o
tng c
moi oan h
Cad se thc
:
chen )
c Block khi
ock va truc
au.
ia )
P
2
)
2
P
3
)
oan P
3
P
4
)
oan P
4
P
5
)
oan P
5
P
6
)
oan P
6
P
7
)
7
P
1
)
ai oan can
P
P
4
Ky thuat Tp
nh Measu
ne, Spline.
oi tng se
c chia van g
hoac nhap
c hien ngay
i chen se ng
OX . Neu
chia)
P
3
Tp.HCM
130
ure)
.. ) thanh
xuat hien
gi nguyen
B e chen
y viec chia
ghieng goc
ap N th
P
2
0
n
n
a
c

( thc hien lenh Line , va cac che o truy bat iem nh End, Node, Per e ve cac oan
con lai ) .
7. Lenh ve ng tron co be day (Lenh Donut)
Lenh Donut giup ta ve ng tron co san be day . Cac vong tron nay se c
nh dang sau moi lan nhap gia tr kch thc .
Cach goi lenh:
Draw menu: Donut
Command line: donut
Cau truc cau lenh nh sau :
Command : Donut
Specify inside diameter of donut <>: ( Nhap ng knh tr be day net )
Specify outside diameter of donut <>: ( Nhap ng knh cong be day net )
Specify center of donut or <exit> : ( Nhap v tr tam vong tron-Donut )
Specify center of donut or <exit> : ( Nhap v tr tam vong tron hoac enter cham dt lenh )
V du : Ve ng tron co ban knh 50 vi be day net la 0.7
Command : Donut
Specify inside diameter of donut <>: 99.3
Specify outside diameter of donut <>: 100.7
Specify center of donut or <exit> : ( Nhap v tr tam vong tron-Donut )
Specify center of donut or <exit> :

8. Ve oan thang co be day (Lenh Trace)
Lenh Trace cho phep ve cac oan thang co be day . Cau truc cua lenh nh sau :

Command line: trace
Command : Trace
Specify trace width < current> : (nhap be day net v du 0.7 )
Specify start point : ( Nhap toa o iem au v du iem A)
Specify next point : ( Nhap toa o iem cuoi v du iem B)
Specify next point : ( Nhap toa o iem ke tiep v du iem C)
Specify next point : ( Nhap toa o iem ke tiep hoac Enter dt lenh )

100.7
99.3
A
B
C
Trun
Bien
9
Lenh
le nh
M
M
Sh
Scale
C
Sele
Sele
Spec
Spec

Com
Sele
Sele
Spec
Spec

1
D
C
nh s
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
9. nh ty
h Scale dun
hat nh.
Cach g
Modify toolb
Modify men
hortcut me
e.
Command l
Cau t

Comman
ct objects:
ct objects:
cify base po
cify scale fa
V du : h
Trnh
mmand: Scal
ct objects:
ct objects:
cify base po
cify scale fa

10. Ve na

Cach g
Draw menu
Command l
Lenh R
sau :
Comma
A
Tr
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
y le bang
ng e tang
goi lenh:
bar:
nu: Scale
enu: Select
ine: scale
truc cau len
nd: Scale
( chon oi t
( chon oi t
oint: (chon
actor or [Re
hay dung le
h t thc hi
le
( chon oi t
( Enter k
oint: (chon
actor or [Re
a ng th
goi lenh:
u: Ray
ine: ray
Ray dung e
and : Ray
A
rc khi Sc
CNTT
inh
(lenh Sca
hoac giam
the objects
nh.

tng can t
tng can t
iem chuan
eference]: (
enh Scale
ien :
tng )
ket thuc vie
iem A lam
eference]: 2
hang (Len
e ve chum

ale
Tr
le)
kch thc
s to scale, a
thay oi t l
thay oi t l
n la iem k
( nhap he so
e thay oi
c la chon
m iem chu
2
nh Ray)
tia thang (
ng ai ho
c cua cac o
and right-cli
le )
le hoac Ent
khong oi k
o t le can t
t le cho h
)
uan khi thay
na ng
oc S pham
oi tng tre
ick in the d
ter e ket th
khi thay oi
thay oi )
nh ve sau
y oi t le )
g thang ) . C
100 x 100
sau khi Sca
Ky thuat Tp
en ban ve t
drawing are
huc viec l
t le )

ay vi t le
Cau truc cu
0
ale
Tp.HCM
132
theo mot ty
ea. Click
a chon )
e la 2:1.
a lenh Ray
y
y
Trun
Bien
Spec
Spec
Spec
Spec
1
cach
D
D
C

( Co
dung
neu
line.

Spec
Spec
ta ch
n
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
cify start po
cify through
cify through
cify through

11. Ve
h goi lenh :
Draw toolba
Draw menu
Command l
Lenh
ntruction li
g chc nang
dung lenh
Xline va R
Comm
cify a point
cify through

C

+ Hor (
Sp
+ Ver (
+ Ang
Enter a
Specify
( Neu t
hon ng t
ng tham chi
+ Bisec
Specify
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
oint : ( Xac
h point : ( X
h point : ( X
h point : ( X
ng dong
ar:
u: Construc
ine: xline
h Xline dun
ine viet t
g End ,Mid.
Trim , Bre
Ray khi ve s
mand : Xlin
or [Hor/Ve
h point : ( X
Cac la chon
( H ) Cho
ecify throu
( V ) Tao
( A ) Nha
angle of xlin
y through p
tai dong nh
tham chieu
ieu o )
ct ( B ) C
y angle ver
CNTT
inh
nh goc cu
Xac nh ie
Xac nh ie
Xac nh ie
Lenh X
ction Line
g cho phep
tat CL ). X
...hoac cung
eak e xen
se thuoc l
ne
er/Ang/Bise
Xac nh ie
n :
phep ve ca
gh point : X
o ng Xlin
p goc nghie
ne ( 0 ) or [
oint : ( Cho
hac Enter an
u ng c
ho phep ve
tex point : (
N
Tr
ua chum tia
em th 2 tre
em th 2 tre
em th 2 tre
Xline (Con
p ve cac
Xline la
g khong b
bt th ta
p hien hanh
ect/Offset]
em th hai
ac ng th
Xac nh i
ne thang
eng e tao
[Reference
on iem Q
ngle of xlin
chuan cua g
e ng pha
( Xac nh
Q
ng ai ho
a v du i
en tia th n
en tia th h
en tia th b
ntruction L
ng dong
ng thang k
chi phoi b
se c tia
h . cau truc
: ( Xac nh
ma Xline
hang nam n
em th hai
ng cau t
mot Xline
] : ( Nhap g
e ng X
ne .... ta nha
goc 0
0
. Sau
an giac cua
nh goc-
Q
oc S pham
em Q )
nhat v du
hai v du N
ba hoac ente
Line )
e dng hnh
khong gii
i cac lenh
a thang ( R
c lenh nh s
h mot iem
i qua B )
gang .
cua Xline
truc lenh t
nghieng go
goc nghieng
Xline i qua
ap R khi
u o ta nha
a mot goc c
iem P )
M
Ky thuat Tp
u M )
N )
er dt lenh
h .
han v the
limits , zoo
Ray ),hoac
sau :
m tren Xline
)
.
ng t nh
oc so vi tru
g v du 30
a )
o AutoCA
ap goc nghi
ho trc .
Tp.HCM
133
).
khong the
om...Nhng
oan thang
e A )
Hor .
uc OX .
0
0
)
AD yeu cau
ieng so vi

g
g
u
i
Specify angle start point : ( Xac nh iem th 2 iem Q , PQ chnh la mot canh
cua goc a cho )
Specify angle end point : ( Xac nh iem th 3 iem R , PR la canh th 2 cua
goc )

12. Ve hai ng thang song song (Lenh Mline)
Cach goi lenh:
Draw menu: Multiline
Command line: mline
Command : ML
Current settings : Justification=current,Scale=current,Style=currnet
Specify start point or [ Justification/Scale/Style ] :

Cac la chon :
+ Specify start point :
La chon nay la mac nh dung e nh iem au cua ng Mline . Sau o xac
nh iem ke tiep bang cach tra li cac yeu cau sau :
Specify next point : ( Xac nh iem ke tiep ).
Specify next point or [ Undo ] ( Xac nh iem ke tiep hoac nhap Undo e xoa bo iem
trc o )
Neu so phan oan ln hn 2 th se xuat hien dong nhac co la chon Close sau :
Specify next point or [ Close/Undo ]:
+ Justification :
nh v tr tng oi gia cac ng Mline va oan thang chuan
Co 3 la chon + Top offset element .
+ Zero offset element
+ Bottom offset element
+ Scale :
nh ty le cho khoang cach gia cac ng thanh phan trong Mline . V du : Neu
Scale = 20 th khoang cach gia cac thanh phan ( Element ) la 20 .
+ Style : Nhap ten kieu ng Mline hoac nhap ? e hien len danh sach
cac kieu ng Mline hien hanh .
Chu y : Bien CMLJUST lu v tr canh le ( Justification ) va bien CMLSCALE lu
ty le ( Scale ) cua ng Mline hien hanh .

P
Q
R
Offset > 0
Offset < 0
Trun
Bien
1

cac
nh
n
khoa

chon

o m
se co
cho p
nhap
chc
n
hien

1
th
ng Tam Tin
n soan : T
13. V
Lenh Sk
oan thang
- SKPOLY
ng khong li
ang trong nh
Comman
Record i
Sketch.
n .

Reco
mn cua Ske
o hnh bac t
Sket
P
phep ve ) h
p phm phai
Reco
eXit
c nang nay t
Quit
Erac
ng a Recor
Con
dong nhac
C
e ke
14.
14.1
Ty le la
c thc tn
Hoc,Khoa
ThS. Le Li
Ve ng
ketch la len
g ngan ( In
Y= 0 ) va l
en tuc th t
ho hn o d
nd : Sketch
increment <
Pen eXi
Cac la ch
ord increm
etch . Khi v
thang nh t
tch option:
Pen: Nhap p
hoac Pen up
i cua Mouse
ord: Ghi la
: Ghi lai ta
tng t nh
t: Huy tat
ce : Cho p
rd ).
nect : Cho
c sau :
Connect : M
et thuc Con
Ty le ba
. Ty le
a ty so gia
ng ng o tr
CNTT
inh
cong mem
nh ve phac
ncrement ).
a pline ( kh
ta phai chu
dai cua Incr
h
< 0.01 > : (
t Quit R
hon :
ent : Quye
ve th SNA
tren .
phm trai
p ( But
e.
ai mot Sket
at ca cac
h khi nhan
ca cac d
phep xoa S
o phep noi
Move to end
nnect ta nha
an ve
e ban ve the
a kch th
ren vat the.
Tr
m (Lenh S
thao bang
Cac oan
hi ta thay b
y ti Ltsca
rement ).
Nhap o d
Record era
t nh o d
AP va ORTH
cua Mouse
c nang len
ch . ng
ng tam a
n Space bar
ng tam va
Sketch t m
cac ng
dpoint of lin
ap ch C m
eo TCVN 3
c o c

ng ai ho
Sketch )
tay (Freeh
thang in
bien SKPO
ale v rat co
dai increme
ace conne
dai cua line
HO phai la
e e xac n
khong ti
nay lhong
a ve ( co m
r hay enter
thoat khoi
mot iem tu
g Sketch sau
ne.
mot lan na
74
tren hnh b
oc S pham
and).ng
ncrement la
OLY=1). Kh
o the khon
nt )
ect . Nhap
e-increment
OFF , neu
nh Pen dow
iep tuc ve )
the thay o
mau xanh ) v
r .
Sketch .
uy y ti cu
u khi a na
, tng t n
bieu dien t
Ky thuat Tp
g Sketch
a line ( khi
hi s dung
ng nhan ra n
ch hoa th
t , cung la
u khong
wn ( But ha
). e ket th
oi c.
va thoat kh
uoi ( Khong
ang but . K
nh Enter
trong ban v
Tp.HCM
135
c tao bi
i bien mac
linetype la
net t ( v
heo cac la
quyet nh
ng Sketch
a xuong va
huc ve phai
hoi Sketch (
g xoa c
Khi o xuat
ve va kch
i
c

a
h
h

i
(
c
t
h
TIEU CHUAN ISO 1505455 1979
T le phong to : 50:1 20:1 10:1 5:1 2:1

T le thu nho : 1:2 1:5 1:10 1:20 1:50 1:200 1:500
1:1000 1:2000 1:5000 1:10000
Tuy theo o phc tap va o ln cua vat the ma chon ty le phu hp e bieu dien vat
the tren ban ve ky thuat.
Theo TCVN 3 74 quy nh ty le cua hnh bieu dien va cac k hieu tren tat ca
cac ban ve ky thuat c kh va xay dng ... theo bang sau ( khong ap dung vi ban ve in,
chup anh ).

Ty le thu nho
1:2
1:50
1:2,5
1:75
1:4
1:100
1:5
1:200
1:10
1:400
1:15
1:500
1:20
1:800
1:40
1:1000
Ty le nguyen 1:1
Ty le phong to 2;1 2,5:1 4:1 5:1 10:1 20:1 40:1 100:1

14.2. Ty le theo tieu chuan quoc te 1505455 1979 :

15. Hieu chnh cac tnh chat cua oi tng
15.1. Hieu chnh bang Object property :
Muc ch: khi bieu dien vat the co mot so ng net b che khuat th ta phai the
hien bang net t. Chnh v vay ma ta can phai thc hien cong viec nay.
Thay oi lp bang thanh cong cu Object Properties : ta thc hien theo trnh t sau :
- Chon cac oi tng tai dong Command khi o xuat hien cac dau Grips ( o vuong mau
xanh) tren cac oi tng c chon
- Tren Pull- down Click vao Layer ta chon lp can thay oi cho cac oi tng c
chon .
V du: Ta muon oi oan thang AB, CD di ay thanh ng net t ta thc hien
nh sau. Re chuot en AB nhap phm trai e chon, tng t ta re chuot en CD nhap phm
trai chon luc o tren cac oan AB,CD se xuat hien nhng o vuong mau xanh, sau o tren
Pull-down lick vao Layer chon lp Dut nh hnh hop thoai di ay .
15.2. Thay oi tnh chat cua oi tng bang Properties Window
Lenh Properties co the goi :

Pull-down menu Type in Toolbars Phm tat
Modify\Properties Properties Standard Ctrl+l

Lenh Properties lam xuat hien Properties Windown cho phep ta thay oi tnh chat
nh : Color ( Mau ); Layer ( ng net ); Linetype (Dang ng net ). . . Lenh nay c
thc hien theo trnh t sau:
Thc hien lenh Properties xuat hien Properties Windown

Tren hop thoai nay ta chon nut Quick select co bieu tng. Xuat hien hop thoai
Quick select tren hop thoai nay ta chon tnh chat can hieu chnh. Sau khi chon xong
nhan nut OK e tr ve Properties Windown
Tren Properties Windown ta chon Layer xuat hien danh sach cac dang ng khi
o ta chon dang ng ma ta mong muon .
e ong Properties Windown ta chon nut co bieu tng
nam pha tren ben phai hoac thc hien lenh Properties Close.
16. Thay oi oi tng bang (lenh Change)
+ Thay oi kch thc ban knh vong tron
Cau truc cau lenh:
Command: Change
Select objects: ( Chon vong tron can thay oi ban knh )
Select objects: ( Tiep tuc chon hoac Enter ket thuc viec la chon )
Specify change point or [Properties]: Pick chon iem ma vong tron se qua

+ Bien cac ng thang bat ky thanh ong quy
Cau truc cau lenh:
Command: Change
Select objects: ( Chon cac ng thang can cho ong quy )
Select objects: ( Tiep tuc chon hoac Enter ket thuc viec la chon )
Specify change point or [Properties]: Pick chon iem ong quy
+ Bien cac ng thang bat ky thanh song song
Khi ket hp vi Ortho-on th tuy theo v tr cua iem chon ( v tr Pick mouse ) th
cac ng thang c chon se song song nhau va song song vi cac truc toa o
Cau truc cau lenh hoan toan tng t nh tren:
+ Thay oi tnh chat cua oi tng Property
ket thuc viec la chon )
Specify change point or [Properties]: P
Enter property to change [Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/ltScale/LWeight/Thickness] : ( Tai
dong nhac nay ta muon thay oi tnh chat nao th chon tnh chat o )
Cac la chon khac :
Color ( C ): La chon nay cho phep ta thay oi mau cua oi tng
c chon. Khi ap C se xuat hien dong nhac sau:
Enter new color <ByLayer>: ( Tai dong nhac nay ta nhap ma so ACI mau
hoacky hieu ac biet nh Bylayer, Byblock )
Elev( E ): La chon nay cho phep ta thay oi o cao cua oi tng 3D.
Khi ap E se xuat hien dong nhac sau:
Specify new elevation <0>: ( Nhap o cao mi cho oi tng c chon )
Layer( LA ): La chon nay cho phep ta thay oi lp cua oi tng c
chon.
Ltype( LT ): La chon nay cho phep ta thay oi dang ng cua oi
tng c chon
Itscale( I ): La chon nay cho phep ta thay oi ty le dang ng cho
ban ve
Lweight ( LW ): La chon nay cho phep ta thay oi be day net in cho
oi tng c chon
Thickness( T ): La chon nay ch c s dung trong khi ve mo hnh
3D, khi la chon nay cho ta thay oi o day cua oi tng c chon.
Nh vay sau moi lan thay oi tnh chat cua oi tng luan xuat hien dong nhac :
Enter property to change[Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/ ltScale/LWeight/ Thickness]:

17. Thay oi ac tnh bang (lenh CHPROP )
Lenh Chprop co cac chc nang tng t nh change-property nhng khong co
chc nang elev va khong xuat hien dong nhac change point .

18. thay oi o dai oan thang bang (lenh Lengthen )
Lenh Lengthen cho phep thay oi o dai oan thang, cung
tron .
cach goi lenh:
Modify menu: Lengthen
Command line: lengthen
Cau truc cau lenh:
Command: Lengthen
Select an object or [ DElta/Percent/Totan/DYnamic]: ( Chon chc nang thay oi o dai )
Cac chc nang :
+ Delta ( DE ) Nhap o dai can thay oi ( L ).
+ Percent ( P ) Nhap o dai can thay oi tnh bang phan tram (% )
+ Totan ( T ) Nhap tong o dai cua oan thang sau khi thay oi .
+ Dynamic ( DY ) Nhap chieu dai ong bang cach re mouse tren man hnh .
Sau o chon net can thay oi la chon sau :
Select objects: ( Chon Line can thay oi )

19. Cac phng phap la chon oi tng ( Select object )
Khi ta thc hien lenh hieu chnh ( Modify command ) th dong nhac Select
object se xuat hien va khi o hai si toc se bien mat , thay vao o la mot hnh vuong (
Pickbox ) cho phep ta bat cac oi tng. Cac oi tng a chon se b bien thanh net t
( e phan biet vi cac oi tng khong b chon va cho phep ta kiem
tra qua trnh la chon cua mnh ). e ket thuc la chon va thc hien lenh chnh ta
nhan phm Enter. Trong toolbars cua AutoCAD
khong co cac hop chon ( toolbox )
cho phep the hien cac phng phap la chon.
Nhng khi trong dong lenh xuat hien dong nhac
Select objects th trong Screen menu se co la
chon ASSIST. Neu chon la chon nay se xuat
hien cac phng phap la chon khac nhau
( xem hnh ben )
Pickbox a o chon ti net can chon va nhan
phm trai , moi lan ta ch chon c mot net ve do o ta ch
dung cach chon nay khi cac oi tng can chon nam rai rac
tren ban ve hoac ch phai chon mot vai oi tng.

Window ( W ) Tai dong nhac select object ta nhap ch W sau o pick
mouse e tao thanh mot hnh ch nhat bao quanh nhng net can chon. net nao nam tron
ven trong hnh ch nhat va tao th se b chon , con nhng net nao khong nam tron trong
hnh ch nhat th se khong b chon.

Pick box
+

Crossing ( C ) Tai dong nhac select object ta nhap ch C . Sau o ta cung
tao mot khung ca so tng t nh chc nang Window, nhng khi o tat ca nhng net ve
du ch co mot phan rat nho nam trong khung chon th no van b chon.

Auto Neu tai dong nhac select object ta tao ngay khung chon th ta ang
s dung chc nang Auto . Chc nang nay la Window hay Crossing la do cach xac nh v
tr cua hai nh hnh ch nhat
P
1
P
2

P
2
P
1

Window Polygon ( WP) va Crossing Polygon ( CP )
Chon la nay tng t nh chc nang Window va chc nang Crossing nhng khung
chon la a giac bat ky va c tao ra tng t nh ve Line ( ket thuc bang Close ) :
First polygon point : ( Chon iem th nhat cua Polygon )
Specify endpoint of line or ( Undo ): ( Chon nh th hai cua Polygon )
Specify endpoint of line or ( Undo ): ( Tiep tuc chon cac nh khac cho ti khi ket thuc th
nhan Enter )

La chon bang Window
La chon bang Crossing
La chon kieu Window ( W ) La chon kieu Crossing ( C )
La chon kieu Wp La chon kieu Cp

All ( All ) Chc nang nay cho phep chon tat ca cac net ve co trong ban
ve .
Fence ( F ) Chc nang nay cho phep bat nhng net ve b cac canh cua Fence cat
qua . Fence c tao ra tng t nh ve line. V du:
Select object : F
First fence point : ( Chon iem th nhat cua Fence )
Specify endpoint of line or ( Undo ): ( Chon nh th hai cua Fence )
Specify endpoint of line or ( Undo ): ( Tiep tuc chon cac nh khac cua Fence , cho ti khi
ket thuc th nhan Enter )
Last ( L ) Chc nang nay cho phep chon lay net ve c ve sau cung trong ban
ve .
Previous ( P ) Chon lai la chon trc o , hoac cac net ve c chon bang lenh
Select .
Group ( G ) Chon lai nhng vat the c chon trong lenh Group trc o . Cu
the :
Select object : G
Enter Group name : ( Nhap ten nhom can la chon )
Select object :
Undo ( U ) Huy bo oi tng va c chon.
Neu trong qua trnh la chon ta l chon nham mot vai oi tng ma khong the
dung chc nang Undo ( vat the can loai bo a c chon trc o t lau ) th ta phai s
dung chc nang Remove .
Remove ( R ) Khi nhap R se xuat hien dong nhac Remove object Tai ay ta co
the dung tat ca cac phng phap la chon nh tren e loai bo nhng net chon nham . Neu
sau o ta nhap Enter th lenh chnh se c thc hien va tat nhien la khong anh hng ti
cac net ve a loai tr bang chc nang Remove.
Select object : R
Select object : ( chon nhng net can loai bo )
Neu sau khi s dung chc nang Remove ma ta lai muon tiep tuc chon la thi nhap
A ( Add ) tai dong nhac select object .
Add ( A ).
Select object : A
Select object : ( chon tiep nhng net can thc hien lenh chnh )

BAI 7
1. In va xuat ban ve

2. Nhung ban ve
e sao chep (copy) va cat (cut) thong tin t mot tai lieu (cua cac phan mem nh
MS Word, MS Exced, Autocad)
Co the dan (paste) vao tai lieu (cua cac phan mem nh MS Word, MS Exced,
Autocad)

3. Gii thieu ve ban ve 3D

Phu luc
Nhng lenh tat c ban va nang cao trong AutoCAD

Phm Tt Tn Lnh mc ch
1. 3A: 3DARRAY To ra 1 mng 3 chiu ty chn
2. 3DO: 3DORBIT
3. 3F: 3DFACE To ra 1 mng 3 chiu
4. 3P: 3DPOLY To ra 1 a tuyn bao gm cc on thng trong khng gian 3 chiu

A
5. A: ARC V cung trn
6. ADC: ADCENTER
7. AA: AREA Tnh din tch v chu vi 1 i tng hay vng c xc nh
8. AL: ALIGN Di chuyn v quay cc i tng cn chnh cc i tng khc bng cch
s dng 1, 2 hoc 3 tp hp im
9. AP: APPLOAD a ra hp thoi ti v hy ti AutoLisp ADS v cc trnh ng dng
ARX
10. AR: ARRAY To ra nhiu bn sao cc i tng c chn
11. ATT: ATTDEF To ra 1 nh ngha thuc tnh
12. -ATT: -ATTDEF To cc thuc tnh ca Block
13. ATE: ATTEDIT Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca Block

B
14. B: BLOCK To Block
15. BO: BOUNDARY To a tuyn kn
16. BR: BREAK Xn 1 phn on thng gia 2 im chn

C
17. C: CIRCLE V ng trn bng nhiu cch
18. CH: PROPERTIES Hiu chnh thng s k thut
19. -CH: CHANGE Hiu chnh text, thay i R, D
20. CHA: ChaMFER Vt mp cc cnh
21. COL: COLOR Xc lp mu dnh cho cc i tng c v theo trnh t
22. CO, cp: COPY Sao chp i tng

D
23. D: DIMSTYLE To ra v chnh sa kch thc dng lnh
24. DAL: DIMALIGNED Ghi kch thc thng c th cn chnh c
25. DAN: DIMANGULAR Ghi kch thc gc
26. DBA: DIMBASELINE Tip tc 1 kch thc on thng, gc t ng nn ca kch
thc c chn
27. DCE: DIMCENTER To ra 1 im tm hoc ng trn xuyn tm ca cc cung trn v
ng trn
28. to DCO: DIMCONTINUE Tip tc 1 ng thng, 1 gc t ng m rng th 2 ca
kch thc trc y hoc kch thc c chn
29. DDI: DIMDIAMETER Ghi kch thc ng knh
30. DED: DIMEDIT Chnh sa kch thc
31. DI: DIST o khong cch v gc gia 2 im
32. DIV: DIVIDE t mi 1 i tng im v cc khi dc theo chiu di hoc chu vi i
tng
33. DLI: DIMLINEAR To ra kch thc thng ng hay nm ngang
34. DO: DONUT V cc ng trn hay cung trn c t dy hay l v hnh vnh khn
35. DOR: DIMORDINATE To ra kch thc im gc
36. DOV: DIMOVERRIDE Vit chng ln cc tuyn h thng kch thc
37. DR: DRAWORDER Thay i ch hin th cc i tng v hnh nh
38. DRA: DIMRADIUS To ra kch thc bn knh
39. DS: DSETTINGS Hin th DraffSetting t ch cho Snap end Grid, Polar tracking
40. DT: DTEXT V cc mc vn bn(hin th vn bn trn mn hnh ging nh l n ang
nhp vo)
41. DV: DVIEW Xc lp php chiu song song hoc cc ch xem cnh

E
42. E: ERASE Xo i tng
43. ED: DDEDIT a ra hp thoi t c th chnh sa ni dung vn bn ; nh ngha cc
thuc tnh
44. EL: ELLIPSE V elip
45. EX: EXTEND Ko di i tng
46. EXIT: QUIT Thot khi chng trnh
47. EXP: EXPORT Lu bn v sang dng file khc (*.wmf...)
48. EXT: EXTRUDE To ra vt th rn bng cch n xut i tng 2 chiu ang c
49. F: FILLET Ni hai i tng bng cung trn
50. FI: FILTER a ra hp thoi t c th a ra danh sch chn i tng da trn
thuc tnh ca n

G
51. G: GROUP a ra hp thoi t c th to ra mt tp hp cc i tng c t tn
52. -G: -GROUP Chnh sa tp hp cc i tng
53. GR: DDGRIPS Hin th hp thoi qua c th cho cc hot ng v xc lp mu cng
nh kch c ca chng
54. H: BHATCH T vt liu
55. -H: -HATCH nh ngha kiu t mt ct khc
56. HE: HATCHEDIT Hiu chnh ca t vt liu
57. HI: HIDE To li m hnh 3D vi cc ng b khut

I
58. I: INSERT Chn mt khi c t tn hoc bn v vo bn v hin hnh
59. -I: -INSERT Chnh sa khi c chn
60. IAD: IMAGEADJUST M ra hp thoi iu khin sng tng phn, c ca
hnh nh trong c s d liu bn v
61. IAT: IMAGEATTACH M hp thoi ch ra tn ca hnh nh cng nh tham s
62. ICL: IMAGECLIP To ra 1 ng bin dnh cho cc i tng hnh nh n
63. IM: IMAGE Chn hnh nh cc dng khc vo 1 file bn v AutoCad
64. -IM: -IMAGE Hiu chnh hnh nh chn
65. IMP: IMPORT Hin th hp thoi cho php nhp cc dng file khc vo AutoCad
66. IN: INTERSECT To ra cc c th tng hp hoc vng tng hp t phn giao ca 2 hay
nhiu c th
67. INF: INTERFERE Tm phn giao ca 2 hay nhiu c th v to ra 1 c th tng hp t th
tch chung ca chng
68. IO: INSERTOBJ Chn 1 i tng lin kt hoc nhng vo AutoCad

L
69. L: LINE V ng thng
70. LA: LAYER To lpv cc thuc tnh
71. -LA: -LAYER Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca layer
72. LE: LEADER To ra 1 ng kt ni cc dng ch thch cho mt thuc tnh
73. LEN: LENGTHEN Thay i chiu di ca 1 i tng v cc gc cng nh cung c cha
trong
74. Ls,LI: LIST Hin th thng tin c s d liu cho cc i tng c chn
75. Lw: LWEIGHT Khai bo hay thay i chiu dy nt v
76. LO: -LAYOUT
77. LT: LINETYPE Hin th hp thoi to v xc lp cc kiu ng
78. LTS: LTSCALE Xc lp tha s t l kiu ng

M
79. M: MOVE Di chuyn i tng c chn
80. MA: MATCHPROP Sao chp cc thuc tnh t 1 i tng ny sang 1 hay nhiu i
tng khc
81. ME: MEASURE t cc i tng im hoc cc khi ti cc mc o trn mt i
tng
82. MI: MIRROR To nh ca i tng
83. ML: MLINE To ra cc ng song song
84. MO: PROPERTIES Hiu chnh cc thuc tnh
85. MS: MSPACE Hon chuyn t khng gian giy sang cng xem khng gian m hnh
86. MT: MTEXT To ra 1 on vn bn
87. MV: MVIEW To ra cc cng xem di ng v bt cc cng xem di ng ang c

O
88. O: OFFSET V cc ng thng song song, ng trn ng tm
89. OP: OPTIONS M menu chnh
90. OS: OSNAP Hin th hp thoi cho php xc lp cc ch truy chp i tng ang
chy

P
91. P: PAN Di chuyn c bn v
92. -P: -PAN Di chuyn c bn v t im 1 sang im th 2
93. PA: PASTESPEC Chn d liu t Window Clip-board v iu khin dng thc ca d
liu; s dng OLE
94. PE: PEDIT Chnh sa cc a tuyn v cc mng li a tuyn 3 chiu
95. PL: PLINE V a tuyn ng thng, trn
96. PO: POINT V im
97. POL: POLYGON V a gic u khp kn
98. PROPS: PROPERTIES Hin th menu thuc tnh
99. PRE: PREVIEW Hin th ch xem 1 bn v trc khi a ra in
100. PRINT: PLOT a ra hp thoi t c th v 1 bn v bng my v, my in hoc file
101. PS: PSPACE Hon chuyn t cng xem khng gian m hnh sang khng gian giy
102. PU: PURGE Xo b cc tham chiu khng cn dng ra khi c s d liu

R
103. R: REDRAW Lm ti li mn hnh ca cng xem hin hnh
104. RA: REDRAWALL Lm ti li mn hnh ca tt c cc cng xem
105. RE: REGEN To li bn v v cc cng xem hin hnh
106. REA: REGENALL To li bn v v lm sng li tt c cc cng xem
107. REC: RECTANGLE V hnh ch nht
108. REG: REGION To ra 1 i tng vng t 1 tp hp cc i tng ang c
109. REN: RENAME Thay i tn cc i tung c cha cc khi, cc kiu kch thc, cc
lp, kiu ng,kiu UCS,view v cng xem
110. REV: REVOLVE To ra 1 c th bng cch quay 1 i tng 2 chiu quanh 1 trc
111. RM: DDRMODES a ra hp thoi qua c th xc lp cc tr gip bn v nh
Ortho, Grid, Snap
112. RO: ROTATE Xoay cc i tng c chn xung quanh 1 im nn
113. RPR: RPREF Hin th hp thoi cho php xc lp cc tham chiu t bng
114. RR: RENDER Hin th hp thoi t to ra hnh nh c t bng, hin thc trong
khung 3D hoc trong m hnh c th

S
115. S: StrETCH Di chuyn hoc cn chnh i tng
116. SC: SCALE Phng to, thu nh theo t l
117. SCR: SCRIPT Thc hin 1 chui cc lnht 1 Script
118. SEC: SECTION S dng mt giao ca 1 mt phng v cc c th nhm to ra 1 vng
119. SET: SETVAR Lit k tt c cc gi tr thay i ca bin h thng
120. SHA: SHADE Hin th hnh nh phng ca bn v trong cng xem hin hnh
121. SL: SLICE Cc lp 1 tp hp cc c th bng 1 mt phng
122. SN: SNAP Hn ch s di chuyn ca 2 si tc theo nhng mc c ch nh
123. SO: SOLID To ra cc a tuyn c th c t y
124. SP: SPELL Hin th hp thoi c th kim tra cch vit vn bn c to ra vi Dtext,
text, Mtext
125. SPL: SPLINE To ra cung;v cc ng cong lin tc
126. SPE: SPLINEDIT Hiu chnh spline
127. ST: STYLE Hin th hp thoi cho php to ra cc kiu vn bn c t tn
128. SU: SUBTRACT To ra 1 vng tng hp hoc c th tng hp
129. T: MTEXT To ra 1 on vn bn
130. TA: TABLET nh chun bng vi h to ca 1 bn v trn giy
131. TH: THICKNESS
132. TI: TILEMODE
133. TO: TOOLBAR Hin th che du nh v tr ca cc thanh cng c
134. TOL: TOLERANCE To dung sai hnh hc
135. TOR: TORUS To ra 1 c th hnh vnh khuyn
136. TR: TRIM Ct ta cc i tng ti 1 cnh ct c xc nh bi i tng khc

U
137. UC: DDUCS a ra hp thoi qun l h to ngi dng c xc nh trong
khng gian hin hnh
138. UCP: DDUCSP a ra hp thoi c th chn 1 h to ngi dng c xc lp trc
139. UN: UNITS Chn cc dng thc to chnh xc ca to v gc
140. UNI: UNION To ra vng tng hp hoc c th tng hp

V
141. V: VIEW Lu v phc hi cc cnh xem c t tn
142. VP: DDVPOINT a ra hp thoi xc lp hng xem 3 chiu
143. -VP: VPOINT Xc lp hng xem trong 1 ch xem 3 chiu ca bn v
144. W: WBLOCK Vit cc i tng sang 1 file bn v mi
145. WE: WEDGE To ra 1 c th 3 chiu vi 1 b mt nghing v 1 gc nhn

X
146. X: EXPLODE Ngt 1 khi a tuyn hoc cc i tng tng hp khc thnh cc thnh
phn to nn n
147. XA: XATTACH a ra hp thoi c th gn 1 tham chiu ngoi vo bn v hin hnh
148. XB: XBIND Buc cc biu tng ph thuc ca 1 Xref vo 1 bn v
149. XC: XCLIP Xc nh 1 ng bin Xref v tp hp cc mt phng nghing
150. XL: XLINE To ra 1 ng m rng v hn theo c 2 hng
151. XR: XREF Hin th hp thoi iu khin cc tham chiu ngoi vo cc file bn v
152. Z: ZOOM Tng hay gim kch thc ca cc i tng trong cng xem hin hnh

thaylinhspkt@yahoo.com
pw: dhspkt

Filename: GIAO TRINH 2006 CB 2010
Directory: D:\GIANG DAY\TIN HOC\GIAO TRINH ACAD2006 CB
Template: Normal.dotm
Title: TRUNG TAM TIN HOC
Subject:
Author:
Keywords:
Comments:
Creation Date: 9/5/2010 10:27:00 AM
Change Number: 66
Last Saved On: 9/12/2010 11:34:00 AM
Last Saved By:
Total Editing Time: 913 Minutes
Last Printed On: 9/12/2010 11:34:00 AM
As of Last Complete Printing
Number of Pages: 148
Number of Words: 29,142 (approx.)
Number of Characters: 166,115 (approx.)

Giao Trinh 2006 Phan Can Ban

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Giao Trinh 2006 Phan Can Ban

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Trung Tam Tin Hoc,Khoa CNTT Trng ai hoc S pham Ky thuat Tp.

Вам также может понравиться