2011

Higher School Certificate

Preliminary Examination

Personal Development, Health

and Physical Education
Total marks 75
Section I Pages 215
55 marks
This section has two parts, Part A and Part B

General Instructions

Reading time 5 minutes

Working time 2 hours

Write using black or blue pen

Write your student number and/or

name at the top of every page

Part A 15 marks
Attempt Questions 115
Allow about 20 minutes for this part
Part B 40 marks
Attempt Questions 1618
Allow about 65 minutes for this part
Section II Page 16
20 marks
Attempt TWO questions from Questions 1922
Allow about 35 minutes for this section

This paper MUST NOT be removed from the examination room

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: ..

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .

Section I
Part A 15 marks
Attempt Questions 115
Allow about 20 minutes for this part
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question and indicate your choice
with a cross (X) in the appropriate space on the grid below.

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Page 2

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
1

Which of the following is an example of a social dimension of health?

(A) Adhering to ones values despite criticism from others

(B)

Being part of a network that supports disabled people

(C)

Maintaining a positive outlook and sense of purpose

(D)

Participating in a program of regular physical activity

Which of the following identifies only sociocultural determinants of health?

(A) Religion, media, education
Geographical location, culture, education

(C)

Media, culture, peers

(D)

Access to technology, income, self image

Observe the following graph.

Number of standard alcoholic drinks consumed by young adults
(1821 years) on a drinking day
40
35
Percentage of alcohol drinkers

(B)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

1 to 2
standard
drinks

3 to 4
standard
drinks

5 to 6
standard
drinks

7 to 8
standard
drinks

Males

9 to 10
standard
drinks

11 to 12
standard
drinks

13 or more
standard
drinks

Females

NOTE: (1) a standard alcoholic drink is equivalent to 10 grams of alcohol (eg a middy glass of regular beer)
(2) a drinking day is a 24 hour period during which a person chooses to consume alcohol

Which of the following is correct of the data in the graph?

(A) When drinking, women are more likely to consume higher quantities of alcohol.
(B)

When drinking, men are less likely to have 1-4 drinks in one day.

(C)

When drinking, men are more likely to consume higher quantities of alcohol.

(D) Women are less likely to change their behaviour, due to the affects of alcohol.

Page 3

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
4

Which of the following strategies best demonstrates effective health promotion?

(A) Providing information that enables individuals to increase control over their health
(B)

Empowering governments to have greater influence over the health behaviours of

individuals

(C)

The provision of more hospitals and medical centres in disadvantaged rural areas

(D) Increasing the doctor to patient ratio so that health messages can be delivered
directly to the community most at risk

Examine the following Australian health promotion poster.

What is the aim of this health promotion strategy?

(A) To raise public awareness of new policies to improve health in middle-aged men
(B)

To show the specific nature of a funding increase made available to combat adult
onset diabetes

(C)

To demonstrate community support in tackling diabetes in middle-aged men

(D) To encourage individual behaviour and lifestyle change in a specific sector of the
population

Page 4

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
6

Examine the image of a blood screening procedure below.

Which area of the Ottawa Charter is this situation an example of?

(A) Developing personal skills
(B)

Strengthening community action

(C)

Building healthy public policy

(D) Creating supportive environments

Which of the following is an example of an individual behaviour that would reduce the
risk of car accidents in young people?
(A) Being a female driver
(B)

Random breath testing of drivers

(C)

Having sufficient sleep before driving

(D) Developing a sense of connection between driver and passengers

Which bone is large, triangular, relatively flat and forms part of the joint; where the arm
attaches to the trunk of the body?
(A) Clavicle
(B)

Scapula

(C)

Sternum

(D) Humerus

Page 5

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
9

Which of the following best identifies the difference between pulmonary and systemic
circulation?
(A) Systemic circulation occurs on the right side of the heart; pulmonary circulation
occurs on the left side of the heart.
(B)

Systemic circulation carries carbon dioxide rich blood; pulmonary circulation carries
oxygen rich blood.

(C)

Pulmonary circulation circulates blood from the heart back to the lungs; systemic
circulation circulates blood from the heart to the body and then back to the heart.

(D) Pulmonary circulation involves transport through the arteries; systemic circulation
circulates blood through veins.

10

Observe the following image.

Which of the following correctly identifies a major muscle involved in this movement
AND the type of muscle contraction experienced?
Muscle

Type of contraction

(A)

Biceps brachii

Isometric

(B)

Latissimus dorsi

Eccentric

(C)

Pectoralis major

Static

(D)

Triceps brachii

Concentric

Page 6

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .

11

Which health-related component of fitness is measured using a hand dynamometer?

(A) Muscular endurance
(B)

Muscular power

(C)

Muscular strength

(D) Body composition

12

What is stroke volume, with reference to the cardiopulmonary system?

(A) The volume of air available from the lungs at each stroke of the heart
(B)

The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in each heart beat

(C)

The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle each minute

(D) The volume of blood available when measuring an athletes resting heart rate

The following graph shows the relationship between work intensity and blood lactate
levels.
10
Blood lactate concentration (mmol/L)

13

Regenerative/
low-intensity
endurance
training

Moderate/
high-intensity
endurance
training

Interval
training
sessions

Aerobicanaerobic
transition

0
Work intensity

Which statement is true of the information in this graph?

(A) During low intensity exercise, blood lactate levels remain steady.
(B)

During interval training, blood lactate levels will decrease.

(C)

Blood lactate levels decrease in the aerobic to anaerobic transition phase.

(D) Blood lactate levels increase at the greatest rate in moderate endurance training.

Page 7

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .

14

Assume that you are coaching a junior cricket team on how to catch a cricket ball.
What information would you give the players about how to absorb the force of the ball?
(A) Keep arms and knees straight to maximise transfer of energy to the ball
(B)

Move hands backwards when catching to absorb momentum of the ball

(C)

Contract muscles on impact to generate extra force on the ball

(D) Apply force towards the ball with hands on impact to slow momentum of the ball

An elite male sprinter has the following speed results in an Olympic 100 metres final.

Speed (metres per second)

15

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

10

Time in seconds

Acceleration

Maximal Velocity

Deceleration

Speed versus time

Which of the following is correct of the data in this graph?
(A) Momentum between 7 and 8 seconds is increasing.
(B)

He accelerates from 0 to 12.5 metres per second, within 3 seconds.

(C)

Speed at the 6 second mark is 10 metres per second.

(D) He is losing velocity at the 9 second mark.

Page 8

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .

Section I continued
Part B 40 marks
Attempt Questions 1618
Allow about 65 minutes for this part
Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected
length of response.

Question 16 (10 marks)

Marks

Outline how an individuals health can be influenced by environmental factors.

(a)

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the determinants of health

(b)

individual factors, eg knowledge and skills, attitudes, genetics

sociocultural factors, eg family, peers, media, religion, culture
socioeconomic factors, eg employment, education, income
environmental factors, eg geographical location, access to health services and
technology

Road accidents continue to be a significant cause of death and injury for young people.
Explain how multiple risk factors may impact on an individuals health in this area.
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health behaviours of young people

the positive health status of young people

protective behaviours and risk behaviours :
Page 45 of Text [Behaviours relating to safety]

Page 9

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
Question 16 continues on the next page
Question 16 (continued)

(c)

Marks

Outline how non-modifiable health determinants can be managed for optimal health.
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the degree of control individuals can exert over their health

modifiable and non-modifiable health determinants

the changing influence of determinants through different life stages

End of Question 16

Page 10

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .

Question 17 (10 marks)

Marks

Observe the following image of a healthy vending machine found in Europe.

(a)

Using examples, describe strategies that Australian schools could use to promote health.
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health promotion approaches and strategies

lifestyle/behavioural approaches, eg quit smoking programs, health education

preventative medical approaches, eg childhood immunisation, cancer screening
public health approaches, eg health-promoting schools and workplaces

Question 17 continues on the next page

Page 11

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
Question 17 (continued)
(b)

Marks

Explain how creating supportive environments can contribute to positive health

outcomes.
In your answer, refer to reducing road injuries AND tobacco use.
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the Ottawa Charter as an effective health promotion framework

developing personal skills

creating supportive environments

strengthening community action

reorienting health services
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building healthy public policy

Page 12

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
Question 18 (20 marks)
(a)

With reference to one of the following images, or muscle groups you have studied,
describe the relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles.

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muscular system

major muscles involved in movement

muscle relationship (agonist, antagonist)
types of muscle contraction (concentric, eccentric, isometric)

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Question 18 continues on the next page

Page 13

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
Question 18 (continued)
(b)

Marks

Outline the short-term effect of exercise on the respiratory system.

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respiratory system
structure and function
lung function (inspiration, expiration)
exchange of gases (internal, external)

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(c)

Observe the following image.

Synovial joint
Describe the function of the main structures of a synovial joint.
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skeletal system

major bones involved in movement

structure and function of synovial joints
joint actions, eg extension and flexion

Question 18 continues on the next page

Page 14

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
Question 18 (continued)
(d)

Marks

Describe how balance and stability can be used to enhance performance.

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(e)

Compare the importance of aerobic AND anaerobic training in TWO different sports /
physical activities.
Sports/activities chosen: (i) ............................................................................................
(ii) ...................................................................................................................................
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aerobic and anaerobic training

FITT principle

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End of Question 18

Section II
20 marks
Page 15

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
Attempt TWO questions from Questions 1922
Allow about 35 minutes for this section
Answer each question on a SEPARATE page of your own paper or writing booklet, if
provided.
In your answer, you will be assessed on how well you:

demonstrate knowledge and understanding of health and physical activity concepts

relevant to the question
apply the skills of critical thinking and analysis
communicate ideas and information using relevant examples
present a logical and cohesive response

Question 19 First Aid (10 marks)

(a)

Marks

Describe the STOP technique of injury assessment and management.

setting priorities for managing a first aid situation and assessing the casualty

situational analysis

priority assessment procedures

DRSABCD (Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillation)

STOP (Stop, Talk, Observe, Prevent further injury)

(b)

Assess safety issues AND protective strategies within the physical first aid environment.

physical environment

traffic accidents

water environment

electricity
Question 20 Movement Composition and Performance (10 marks)
(a)

Describe the use of observation to appraise a performance.

(b)

Evaluate how rhythm AND timing relate to TWO different movement mediums that you
have studied.

Question 21 Fitness Choices (10 marks)

(a)

Describe the benefits of participating in team sport.

(b)

Evaluate the motivators AND barriers to participation in fitness activities.

Question 22 Outdoor Recreation (10 marks)

Page 16

STUDENT NUMBER/NAME: .
(a)

Describe TWO reasons for participation in outdoor recreation.

(b)

Evaluate criteria used when determining the suitability of a campsite.

End of paper

Page 17