UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

COOLLEGE OF ENGNEERING
UNIM 513 RESEARCH METHODOLGY

Personality Types (MBTI) and Job Satisfaction


Student name : Khalid Ghazi Alarady
2/26/2009




Does engineering college have a certain types in the academy staff as these types have got
much significance to have analytical ability depend on their personality type (MBTI) description?
Background
The sun rises every day sends its beams over the word. Most people start a new
day. Everyone has got something to do, something to give. Some people run away of
their fears and others go ahead to their dreams. A farmer got to his farm to look after his
plants he is working while investigator is looking into a scene of a crime to catch the
murder. An author is writing down his last chapter of his romantic novel while a
mathematical scientist involved in a mathematical analysis to come up with a solution.
What is the secret beyond the great vary on our area and our ability .We all different
work on varies areas; each one has his special ability to do what he want.
People are not always good in choosing a good work for their abilities. Not all
people shoos the right place to work. Some people works during the day since they
count the hours to finish their job, unlike others involve totally on their jobs and being
interested. Who has a chance to know his ability and where it can be applied, he is
really lucky. Something such as when a student change his major after been studying
for years that would proven the abilities of someone must be appropriate with his job
area.
Job satisfaction is one of the most important things must be thought about.
Choosing our job is influenced by many factors, most specifically the individual
personality traits and environmental factors.
For the second one it depend on our natural abilities where they are born with us.
Each person has a spatial abilities and natural preference. That will indicate where he
would be interested. It is the mean motivation of our careers and skills development in
order to get a satisfying job.
The chance to get a satisfying job it is related to understanding ourselves and our
abilities especially on early ages. To get this chance we have to understand how people
come with different abilities, and is there any way to divide them into certain types to
understand their natural abilities.
One of the most famous psychologist came across the problem of types is Dr.
Carl Gustav Jung. He worked as psychologist for nearly twenty years. During his work
he had been writing his notes from his experience of treatment of nervous illnesses, and
from intercourse with people of all social levels. He was looking for the possibility to
divide people into certain types. He published his book Psychological types in German
in 1921 He called it the fruit of nearly twenty years Its one of the most important
Jungs longer works, and probably the most famous of his books. [1]
After that Katharine Cook Briggs (1875-1968) and her daughter, Isabel Briggs
Myers (1897-1980) came to study Jungs notes. After forty years of working and
discovering they came up with interested theory what is known now as Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator (MBTI) [2]















Literature review
Many studies has been done on this area since its importantly to give a sign where
someone would work even he in early age, or for determine which personality type is
capable to a certain job. The MBTI divides people into 16 types, each type has spatial
name depends on his general profile [3]. The table shown below illustrates all types and
their names.

ISTJ The Duty Fulfillers ENTJ The Executives
ESTJ The Guardians INTJ The Scientists
ISFJ The Nurturers ENTP The Visionaries
ESFJ The Caregivers INTP The Thinkers
ISTP The Mechanics ENFJ The Givers
ESTP The Doers INFJ The Protectors
ESFP The Performers ENFP The Inspirers
ISFP The Artists INFP The Idealists

For example the ESFJs (Caregivers) are described as Warm-hearted, popular, and
conscientious. Tend to put the needs of others over their own needs. Feel strong sense
of responsibility and duty. Interested in serving others. Need positive reinforcement to
feel good about themselves. Well-developed sense of space and function. And also the
INFJs (Protectors) are described as Quietly forceful, original, and sensitive. Tend to
stick to things until they are done. Extremely intuitive about people, and concerned for
their feelings. Well-developed value systems which they strictly adhere to. Well-
respected for their perserverence in doing the right thing. Likely to be individualistic,
rather than leading or following. All the sixteen types has been described on many
websites.[4][5]

David Keirsey and Marilyn Bates [6] discovered that the sixteen Myers-Briggs
personality types could be organized into four temperaments, Guardians, Artisans,
Rationales and Idealists. First, the Guardians includes (ESTJ, ISTJ, ESFJ and ISFJ)
where they focus on judging zone they are described as the cornerstone of society,
because their ability to Being concrete in communicating and cooperative in achieving
goals, and they tend to focus on their responsibility for social problems. They can
become highly skilled in logistics. Second, the Artisans includes (ESTPs, ISTPs, ESFPs
and ISFPs) where they are described as Sensation Seeking personality, they want to
be where the action is. They are spontaneous, adaptable and competitive. Third, the
Rationales include (ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP and INTP) where they focus on (thinking zone)
and they have the ability to analyze problems. Also they based on reasons rather than
emotions and Idealists. Fourth the Idealists include (ENFJs, INFJs, ENFPs and INFPs)
and they focus on feeling zone and that give him to imagine the results of what they
deal with. They tend to live according to high standards or principles. See the figure
below.
1
The basic information about types comes from researches of Carl Jung, Katharine C.
Briggs, and Isabel Briggs Myers. Jung came to believe that there were certain attitudes
or ways of seeing, or making decisions in the word that people tend to adopt. First there
were two types become especially clear to him, he termed them the introverted and the
extraverted types[1].
People who become extraverted they focus on what happen around them. They
produce energy from action: they tend to act, then reflect, then act further. If they are
inactive, their level of energy and motivation tends to decrease. Unlikely, those who
become introverted they focus on their inner self they become less energized as they
act. They prefer to reflect, then act, then reflect again. They need time to reflect in order
to rebuild energy.
Second the two pairs of functions what is called the rational and the irrational
functions [7] for the first one rational it includes two opposite pairs (sensing and
intuition) two ways of taking information from the word. People who prefer Sensing tend
to take in Information through the five senses and focus on the here and now. And
unlike People who prefer Intuition tend to take in information from patterns and the big
picture and focus on future possibilities. People used these function depend on their
natural prefer. It seems like right hand and left hand, who get sensing function as right
hand tend to find using the intuition more difficult [8]. For the second one irrational, it
includes two opposite pairs (thinking and feeling) two ways of making decisions. People
who prefer Thinking tend to make decisions based primarily on logic and on objective
analysis of cause and effect. Unlikely People who prefer Feeling tend to make decisions
based primarily on values and on subjective evaluation of person-centered concerns.




The two pairs
of functions
The "irrational" functions
The way of taking
informations
iNtuition (N) Sensing (S)
The "rational" functions
The ways of making
descuion
Thinking (T) Feeling (F)
Briggs and Myers recognized that [9] each of the cognitive functions ( sensing (S) /
iNtution and Thinking (N) / Feeling (F) operate in conjunction with the attitudes
(extraversion (E) and introversion (I) ). Each function is used in either an extraverted or
introverted way as shown in the figure below.


A person whose attitude is extroverted and his preference is the rational functions either
become extroverted thinking or extroverted feeling he become judging person (J),
unlike if his preference is the irrational functions either become extroverted sensing or
extroverted intuition he become Perceiving (P).
People who prefer Judging tend to like a planned and organized approach to life and
prefer to have things settled, and people who prefer Perceiving tend to like a flexible
and spontaneous approach to life and prefer to keep their options open.
Every person has the possibility to get either External or internal attitude E or I and for
his perceiving functions irrational he must be either sensing or intuition S or N and for
his judging functions he must be either feeling or thinking F or T and these paris
functions and his attitude generate the forth letter (P or J) as if he preferred external
attitude and one of the perceiving functions to use in out word he would be Perceiving
(P) or if he instead prefers one of judging functions to be used in outside word he will be
Judging ( J )person. This will give us the sixteen types as shown in the table above. For
example if a person preferred to use intuition function as extroverted function and also
he preferred to use feeling as internal function he will get ( ENFP) this type called (The
Inspirers) from these functions psychologists able to determine many important
information for example of ENFPs type see the table shown below. This table has 22
broad occupational categories, or "job families," and a number of specific occupations
and show how they rank in popularity among ENFPs. This ranking is based on
information from a sample of more than 92,000 people in 282 jobs who said they were
satisfied with their jobs. There were 8,305 ENFPs in this sample [10]



4. The statement of the problem
The kinds of tasks and work environment must be appropriate with the kinds of
the abilities of a person. Working at a suitable environment of someone will help him
feel more comfortable and satisfied in his day-to-day work because he will have
opportunities to express his natural preference.
The problem is how someone determines his suitable environment to be
appropriate with his natural preference, specially at early ages. Understanding the
personality types (MBTI) could help to give a really important sign where a person could
work effectively. MBTI gives much important information about the personality types. In
this research the environment of academic stuff work at engineering college will be
examined to see which temperament would has more percentage.
5. The Objective
The object is to see the percentage of Rationale group (ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP and INTP) in
engineering college, In order to give more understanding for the relation between
personality type MBTI and job satisfactions.
6. The possible outcomes.
The four types (ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP and INTP) in rational group have a reasonable to
have analytical ability. The environment of engineering college would be more suitable
for who has analytical abilities. May the number of whose from rational group is more
than others types. ENTJs and ENTPs work comfortably with groups in contract INTJs
and INTPs preferred to work alone. ENTPs and INTPs may become not comfortable
with very stick rules and plans they want to work with freedom unlike INTJs and ENTJs,
they like to be more organized and work with plans.
7. The methods of qualitative data collection.
Interview (in depth interview ) to get rich information about their natural preference.,
reasons beyond choosing their work to determine which factors they are more
influenced by either individual personality traits or environmental factors .( Group
Discussion ) with deferent types to observe their opinions about their job environment to
compare it with the MBTI result. Planned observation of types in their natural
environment the observer must records what he/she observes or hear to compare it with
MBTI profile for each type to be sure about their types. (Content analysis) analyze texts,
emissions, pictures to get information about their job satisfaction.

8. Questions: to determine the MBTI types
1
I prefer to spend time
o interacting with people o introspecting
2
I would classify myself as a
o Social butterfly o Lone ranger
3
When in a one-on-one situation I usually do more
o talking o listening
4
I have more fun engaging in
o group activities o individual activities
5
I like
o timetables and plans o to go with the flow
6
I am most comfortable being
o a planner o spontaneous
7
I like to finalize decisions
o early o only when necessary
8
Change for me is
o difficult o easy
9
I get energized by
o exploring theories o learning facts
10
I see life
o as it could be o as it is
11
I consider myself to be
o an idealist o a realist
12
I am more interested in
o future possibilities o current happenings
13 I make decisions based on
o feeling o logic
14
Talking about feeling and emotions is
o easy o difficult
15
When in conversation, I
o am careful to avoid conflict o say things as they are
16
I am governed by my
o heart o head


Questions from 1 to 4 to determine the person either extroverted or introverted (E or I)
the lefts answers is a sign of extroverted person
Questions from 5 to 8 to determine the person either judging or perceiving (J or P) the
left answers are a sign of judging person.
Questions from 9 to 12 to determine the person either intutin or senceing ( N or S ) the
left answers are a sign of intuitive person.
Questions from 13 to 16 to determine the person either feeling or thinking ( T or F ) the
left answers are a sign of feeling person.










References:
[1] Psychological Types by C. G. Jung (Author), a revision by R.F.C.HULL of the
translation by H. G. BAYNES.
[2] http://www.myersbriggs.org
[3] http://www.personalitypage.com/portraits.html
[4] www.socionics.com
[5] http://www.knowyourtype.com
[6] Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence (Paperback)
by David Keirsey (Author)
[7] http://www.answers.com/topic/myers-briggs-type-indicator
[8] http://www.mivistaconsulting.com
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers-Briggs_Type_Indicator
[10]Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Career Report Developed by Allen L.Hammer