CIVIL BUILDINGS 1

1. In the case of a masonry specimen in

compression made by full bricks and a low
value of mortar class, the cracking force
(Ncr, in N) increases up to:
a. (0,5,,0,6) from the fracture force (Nfr)
b. (0,7,,0,8) from the fracture force (Nfr)
c. it does not increase
d. it decreases
2. The safety margin of load resistance (NR,d ,
in N) of masonry members in compression
with tension crackings is higher as usual
for:
a. a high value of the mortar class
b. a low value of the mortar class
c. it does not matter what the class of mortar is
d. it is less as usual one
3. Pick the characteristic value of the
masonry compressive strength
2 25 . 0
m
65 . 0
b k
mm / N in f Kf = f versus the
mortar compressive strength (fm):
a. higher than the mortar compressive strength
b. equal to the mortar compressive strength
c. less than the mortar compressive strength
d. a relationship between mortar and masonry
compressive strengths does not exist
4. Face to the usual compressive strength (fk)
in N.mm
-2
, the value of crushing strength
of masonry, i.e. a local compressive
strength on a smaller area (f l, k), is
a. higher than the compressive strength
b. less than the compressive strength
c. equal to the compressive strength
d. no general rule can be given
5. The initial tangent modulus of elasticity
(E0=.fk) in N.mm
-2
of masonry specimen
in compression depends on:
a. the normal unit stress ()
b. the elastic characteristic of masonry ()
c. the modulus of elasticity (E)
d. the stress-strain behavior
6. Two masonry columns in compression
made by the same material and having the
same design compressive strength (
B
d
A
d
f f
) expressed in N.mm
-2
and the
same effective (buckling) length are
presented in the figure. Pick the load
resistances (NR,d) condition expressed in
N:

a. NR,d of specimen A is greater than NR,d of
specimen B
b. NR,d of specimen A is less than NR,d of
specimen B
c. NR,d of specimen A is equal to NR,d of
specimen B
d. it does not matter what the ratio is.
7. Choose the best answer for the compressed
area (Ac) in mm
2
of masonry wall under
eccentric load (N) expressed in N, and
applied outside of the central core, where
the tensile stress does not exceed the
tensile strength in bending:
a. the compressed area lies from the most
compressed fiber up to the neutral axis
b. the compressed area is symmetrically given
to the force N
c. the compressed area is equal to the entire
cross-sectional area
d. the compressed area is equal to the crushing
area.
8. It is virtually impossible to apply an axial
load to a column or an wall since this
would require the perfect units with no
fabrication errors. The vertical load (N)
a. the reducing of the axial load resistance
(NR,d) with a suitable capacity reduction
factor (
m , i
)
b. ei,m loading eccentricity
will be eccentrically taken to the central
axis and this will produce a bending
moment (M) in the member. The additional
moment can be allowed for:
c. tef effective tickness and hef effective storey
height
d. SR= hef / tef =slenderness ratio less than 3.
9. Compute and explain the structural
eccentricity for hinged props pattern of an
outer masonry wall subjected to a Vertical
Eccentric Compressive Loading. The load
transmitted by a single floor is assumed to
act at ....of the depth of the bearing area
from the inner face of the wall:
a one-third
b a half
c two-thirds
d zero
10. The left side of Equation NS,d NR,d is
considered for :
a checking for the load resistance (carrying)
capacity
b finding the bearing (compressed) area
c finding the design external compressive
load on the member by Static Analysis
d finding the design compressive strength for
selection of brick and mortar class
11. The right sides of Equation NS,d NR,d is
considered for
a checking for the load resistance (carrying)
capacity
b finding the bearing (compressed) area
c finding the bearing depth of cross section
d finding the design compressive strength for
selection of brick and mortar class.
12. Assuming that the volumetric unit mass of
the reinforced concrete (=m/V) is 2400
kg.m
-3
and the gravitational constant (g) is
10 m.s
-2
, compute the unit weight (.g) of
the reinforced concrete in kN.m
-3
and
choose the best answer:
a 24000
b 2400
c 240
d 24
13. For two-storey rigid structure with
3Dx2LTx2H and made by structural
masonry walls, compute the ultimate
design load (Gd) in kN on outer masonry
wall A1-B1 loaded floor area. Input Data:
dead load (DL), live load (LL) qk=1500
N.m
-2
, outer (inner) wall thickness (d) of
25 cm, concrete plate thickness (hpl) of
150 mm, span (D) of 6.00 m, bay (LT) of
6.00 m, storey height (H) of 3.00m, the
volumetric unit mass of concrete (masonry)
=2400 kg.m
-3
(1800), the gravitational
constant (g) of 10 m.s
-2
, and partial safety
factors (F) of 1.35 for DL and 1.50 for
LL. Choose the best answer:
a 175
b 110
c 45
d 20
14. Explain both N & M diagrams for hinged
props pattern on storey height of an outer
masonry wall subjected to a Vertical
Eccentric Compressive Loading with
reference to zero value:
a zero value of N on the top
b zero value of M on the top
c zero value of N at the bottom
d zero value of M at the bottom
15. Two slopes pitched roof made by king post
truss and having the p% slope and a half
roof length L0, in mm in the horizontal
projection, will be designed to support a
snow load exposure level (s k) in kN.m
-2

for two loading patterns: full equal
(uncrowded) and partial crowded. Make a
commentary for the second, why for?
because of
a is there another loading in the pattern to
explain this situation? Wind load or something?
b characteristic value of snow load on the
earth level (s 0,k) in kN.m
-2
greater for Suceava
c shape coefficient () of 2 slopes pitched
roof is 0.8
d exposure coefficient of placement (Ce) is 1
for a partial exposure, while the thermal
coefficient (Ct) is 1 for thermal insulation
applied on last floor plate
16. There are two wind characteristic forces
) A . c ). Z ( c . q = ) Z ( F (
ref f e ref w
, in kN, due to the
wind pressure on windward reference
surfaces (Aref) in m
2
for 1-storey building
having 12 m x 10 m in layout, and a height
of 3 m up to the eaves, with two slopes of
p%=tg20
0
pitched roof and iron sheet
covering. What thing makes the
difference?

a the reference wind pressure (qref) of 1.0
kN.m
-2
?
b an exposure factor (ce) of 2.0 in Iasi area
with a low density of buildings?
c the aerodynamic force factor (cf) of 1.4
named shape factor of building?
d both reference areas (Aref) in m
2
?




CIVIL CONSTRUCTIONS 2

1.
Choice of zero level (ground floor)
of the building depend on:
a. the possibilities of access in the building;
b. the type of roof slab;
c. the underground water level;
d. the type partition walls.
2.
For the choice of waterproofing
system for the building
infrastructure is taken into account:
a. the climatic area of the location;
b. continuous or discontinuous program of
building use;
c. building height.
d. underground water action (with or without
pressure);
3.
The waterproofing system with
counterweight plate (slab) is
adopted:
a. when hw <1.00 m;
b. when hw> 1.00 m;
c. for dry land sites with hydrostatic level
above 10 m depth;
d. for buildings with habitable semi-basement.
4.
The compensation loop used for
building waterproofing provides:
a. support for live loads in the basementrooms;
b a good behaviour of the waterproofing
against settlements deformations;
c. to ensure good behavior of the
waterproofing to increased hydrostatic
pressure;
d. taking over the effect of expansion and
contraction at terraces.
5.
The vertical elements which take
over and transmit the loads from
floor slabs are:
a. structural walls;
b. partition walls;
c. masonry walls fixed into the frames;
d. curtain walls.
6.
Timber wall of frame and infill
elements of wood beams ends:
a. have great loss of wood;
b. have columns, feet and bracing;
c. the ends of the beams are fixed by means of
tie rods;
d. the joints are made by carving the wood.
7.
Unreinforced masonry walls (URM)
are characterized by:
a. great capacity to dissipate seismic energy,
b. high resistance to tensile perpendicular to
the bead joint,
c. small resistance to main tensile stresses:
d. high ductility.
8. Advantages of solid wood walls:
a. are lightweight;
b. are combustible;
c. are attacked by insects or fungi;
d. risk of decay.
9.
Ceramic masonry and b.c.a. walls
shows good hygrothermal behaviour
because:
a. have low thermal inertia (for summer
comfort);
b. have good behaviour for mass transfer;
c. are currently provided with a vapour
diffusion layer;
d. have a good ability soundproofing to impact
noise.
10.
Interior structural walls can be
made of:
a. masonry, anchored by bonding and column
ties
b. plasterboard - with or without internal gaps;
c. wood or metal frame and in fill elements -
plates;
d. glass slates (elements).
11.
Non-structural (carried) external
walls can be made of:
a. metal sheet with insulating core panels;
b. precast concrete panels;
c. lightweight wooden panels fixed into the
frame structure;
d. lightweight panels for curtain facades.
12.
The disadvantages of the lightweight
facades are:
a. high thermal inertia;
b. increased tightness;
c. very great rigidity in their plane;
d. higher price of cost per unit of surface
compered to masonry walls.
13.
The constructive elements, with
structural function in the masonry
walls are:
a. lintels, wall beams;
b. ventilation channels and chimneys;
c. cornice and attic;
d. strain joints.
14.
Cold roofs, characteristics :
a. it is a compact roof;
b. is a sloping roof with loft access;
c. between the thermal insulation and roof
covering it is an air space with the
temperature close to that of the outdoor air;
d. it is an uncirculated terrace;
15.
The hygrometrical behaviour of
attic roofs is good because:
a. the overheating effect in summer is similar
to the case of nonwalkable terraces;
b. is good if it is achieved a corrected thermal
resistance R'< 1,00 m
2
K / W;
c. present an average soundproofing;
d. has no risk of vapour condensation since it
is produced a continuous ventilation.
16. Flat (or terrace) roofs:
a. have a slope of 25 ... 45%;
b. have a slope of 2 ... 7%;
c. have a slope of 8 ... 24%;
d. do not have waterproofing in their structure.
17. The flights can be:
a. layers of finish to floors;
b. with average steps for fixed stairs
c. without handrail or parapet in dwellings;
d. with the same types of steps for
monumental, primary and secondary stair.
18.
According to their structure of
resistance, stairs are as follows:
a. stone staircase;
b. wooden stairs;
c. stairs of linear and surface elements;
d. stairs downloading on foundations.
19.
The choice of floor type is
conditional upon:
a. the type of the (resistance) structure,
b. the location of the construction;
c. of wind loads;
d. wall rigidity.
20.
Floors that are part of the building
envelope are:
a. current floor deviding the building in levels;
b. roof floors - which limits the building at the
top;
c. floor of the balcony;
d. roadway slabs placed in the parking areas;
21.
Floors of reinforced concrete beams
or strips are:
a monolithic (cast) slabs;
b ceramic floors;
c rigid floors in their plan;
d prefabricated floor slabs.
22.
After the fire resistance, metallic
floors are:
a. fire-resistant floors;
b. semi fire-resistant floors
c. semi-combustible floors;
d. combustible floors.



Bibliografie
1. Pescaru, R.A. Civil constructions - building elements. Ed. "Matei - Teiu Botez", Iasi,
2005.
2. Pescaru, R.A. Note de curs, 2012.