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A [MPa] n
( \ . \ . \ . ( \ . \ .
)
In strain space (Modified Mohr-Coulomb model ):
0
( )
( , )
p
p
p
f
d
D
c
c
c
c q u
=
}
( ) 1
f
c
D D c = =
Damage accumulation rule:
At
fracture initiates.
{ }
1 2 f n
max c c t o + =
In stress space (Classical Mohr-Coulomb model):
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
2
3
m
Mises
p
J
o
q
o
= =
Stress triaxiality:
6
1
u
u
t
= 1 1 u s s
Normalized Lode angle:
6
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
7
Hybrid experimental/numerical process
7
7
P, curve
crit
,
crit
FEM
Experiments
3DFL
Matlab Monte-Carlo simulations
3D Fracture surface
Fracture parameters
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
8
Hybrid experimental/numerical process
8
8
C1 C2 C3 R
0.029 535 0.90 98%
Kofiani, K, Nonn, A., Wierzbicki, T., Experimental and Fracture Modeling of High Strength pipelines for high and low stress triaxialities
The Proceedings of The Twenty-second (2012) International OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, Rohdes, Greece
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
9
Validation results X100
9
9
Kofiani, K, Nonn, A., Wierzbicki, T., Experimental and Fracture Modeling of High Strength pipelines for high and low stress triaxialities
The Proceedings of The Twenty-second (2012) International OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, Rohdes, Greece
9
- C3D8R, eight-node brick element
with reduced integration
- Moment free grips
- Capability of predicting both first stage
of crack propagation up to complete
separation
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
10
3
+
3
2 3
1
3
sec
6
1
1 +
1
2
3
cos
6
+
1
+
1
3
sin
2
1 +
1
2
3
+
1
2
1 +
1
2
3
cos
6
+
1
1
3
sin
MMC Fracture criteria c
1
, c
2
, c
3
Burst Pressure: Limiting Cases
MMC Fracture criteria Pressure dependence: = 0, c
3
= 1
MMC Fracture criteria Lode dependence: q = 0, c
3
= 1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
11
Axial direction
Thickness direction
FE model symmetry conditions.
External longitudinal Surface Crack.
Around 150.000 3D 8 nodes brick
element (C3D8R Abaqus Explicit).
Element length in the crack region
l
e
= D = 0,1 mm.
Crack evolutions is tracked in two
directions: Axial and thickness.
User defined subroutine VUMAT
incorporate the plasticity as well as
fracture model.
12
Modified Mohr Coulomb
a/t = 0.5
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thickness
x/D = 1
x/D =22
x/D = 45
x/D =77
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thickness
x/D = 1
x/D = 22
x/D = 45
x/D =77
T=0.4680
P = 38.2 MPa
T=0.4740
P = 38.5 MPa
* x/D = normalized vertical distance of control points from crack tip.
Predominant Plane
Strain condition
High Stress
Triaxiality
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Axial
x/D =1
x/D =13
x/D = 17
13
Modified Mohr Coulomb
a/t = 0.5
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Axial
x/D = 1
x/D = 13
x/D =17
T=0.4820, P = 38.9 MPa
T=0.4900, P = 39.3 MPa
Strong Influence of
Lode angle Slant
Fracture
Low Stress
Triaxiality
14
Modified Mohr Coulomb
a/t = 0.15
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thickness
x/D = 1
x/D = 19
x/D = 31
x/D = 89
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thickness
x/D = 1
x/D = 19
x/D = 31
x/D = 89
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
T=0.6040
P = 41.9 MPa
T=0.6220
P = 42.2 MPa
T=0.6260
P = 42.3 MPa
Fluctuations on
reveals 45 plane of
Max. Plastic Strain
(zigzag pattern)
High Stress
Triaxiality
15
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Axial
x/D =1
x/D = 25
x/D = 62
x/D = 77
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Axial
x/D =1
x/D = 25
x/D = 62
x/D = 77
Modified Mohr Coulomb
a/t = 0.15
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
T=0.6220, P = 42.2 MPa
T=0.6240, P = 42.3 MPa
T=0.6300, P = 42.4 MPa
Peak on
leads to
slant fracture pattern
16
Modified Mohr Coulomb: Lode dependence
a/t = 0.15
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thickness
x/D = 1
x/D = 10
x/D = 40
x/D = 100
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Axial
x/D =1
x/D = 10
x/D = 50
x/D = 130
T=0.4300
P = 37.3 MPa
T=0.4380
P = 37.5 MPa
T=0.4300 T=0.4380
T=0.4440
Thickness
Axial
Stress State tends to
Plane Strain condition
(vertical fracture pattern)
Strong variation on
creates new fracture
surfaces far from
crack tip
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Thickness
x/D = 1
x/D = 10
x/D = 40
x/D = 100
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Axial
x/D =1
x/D = 10
x/D = 40
x/D = 100
17
Modified Mohr Coulomb: Pressure dependence
a/t = 0.15
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
T=0.3360
P = 22 MPa
T=0.3380
P = 23 MPa
T=0.3360 T=0.3380
Thickness
Axial
Same triaxiality levels lead
to similar fracture pattern
(straight w/o slant crack
propagation)
18
Modified Mohr Coulomb: Mapping the crack
a/t = 0.15
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
x/D = 1
x/D = 19
x/D = 31
x/D = 89
1
2
3
x/D = 1
x/D = 25
x/D = 62
x/D = 77
1
2
3
Thickness direction
Axial direction
Stress state in shallow crack pipes exhibit more dispersion
in thickness than axial direction up to fracture.
The growing crack goes from plane strain to axisymmetric
tension condition
in both directions.
Cut off region
Plane Stress Condition
(magenta color line)
19
Modified Mohr Coulomb: Mapping the crack
a/t = 0.50
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
x/D = 1
x/D = 22
x/D = 77
x/D = 45
1
2
3
x/D = 1
x/D = 13
x/D = 17
1
2
Thickness direction
Axial direction
Stress state in deep crack pipes exhibit a narrow dispersion
in thickness than axial direction up to fracture.
The growing crack tends to remain in plane strain
condition (
) in thickness direction.
Cut off region
Plane Stress Condition
(magenta color line)
20
Modified Mohr Coulomb: Burst Pressure
Numerical simulation on bursting pipe using damage model with pressure and
Lode angle dependence
Marcelo Paredes and Tomasz Wierzbicki
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
P
b
-FEA
P
b
-PRED
Pb-FEA = Pb-PRED
a/t = 0.15 MMC
a/t = 0.15 Press
a/t = 0.15 Lode
a/t = 0.50 MMC
Reference (*)
1 /
1 /
= 1 +1.61
1/2
With:
2
(*) Erdelen-Peppler, Hillenbrand, H-G, Kalwa, C., Suitable HAZ testing to predict linepipe safety. Pipeline
Technology Conference, 2009.
ASME Code Section XI :
Comments
There are two competing fracture mechanisms controlled by the stress state
in terms of triaxiality and lode angle.
The stress triaxiality has a strong influence on ductile crack growth in
thickness direction, causing a rapid propagation.
On axial direction the lode angle prevails rather than the triaxiality which
leads to the occurrence of slant fracture.
The burst predictions through code design formula yield to conservative
solutions compared to FE as well as experimental results.
The limiting cases for each condition reduces the effect of stress state
parameters ,