Survey Report

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CE-2357 SURVEY CAMP

A SURVEY CAMP REPORT
SUBMITTED BY

NAME --- Reg no.

In partial fulfilment for the award of degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

College Name

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI-600 025
APRIL 2012

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk
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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this survey camp report is the bonafide work of

NAME --- Reg no.

Who carried out this survey camp work under my supervision.

Name Name
Head of the department, Assistant Professor,
Department of civil Engineering, Department of civil Engineering,

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This report is an outcome of our work done in 7 days, organised by our college Sree Sastha
Institute Of Engineering & Technology during the month of February & March 2012.Nearly 64 students
accompanied by 7 Assistant professors made this camp a great success. As planned earlier, we were able to
complete 10 experiments in the given time. It all started in a place that was addressed as Golden star
properties ,Thandalam Village, Near Saveetha Engg College, Kanchipuram District. Pin : 631 604. The
place was the best choice to perform our experiments as it had all the requirements. The best thing was that,
the land covered many acres thus there was no clash between instruments of different batches. We were
taken there for first 5 days to finish 6 experiments with the help of our Assistant professors. The equipments
given were in good condition which helped us to complete the given task easily.

Then in the 6
th
day of our camp we were made to survey in a hilly place named as Thiruneermalai.
Thiruneermalai is a panchayat town in Kancheepuram district. It has a hill, and a temple on that hill, where
we were made to perform our survey. It was a good experience that no one would forget. We would also like
to thank those people who let us perform our experiment in that place.

On the final day of our camp we were to perform our final survey in our college that made things
easier with a lot of comfort .

We students of civil department would like to thank our Assistant professors
Mr.B. Kannadasan , Mrs.R. Banu Priya , Mrs.S.Archana , Mr.K. Sathish kumar , Mr.P. Selva kumar
Mrs.A. Lavanya , Mrs.B. Krishnakumari , who took great care of us by giving all necessary things
which was required. Our Head of the department Dr.B. Hemalatha , requires a special mention for
her great support and who helped us indirectly to reach our goal. We also take great pleasure to
thank our management for making this camp a great success and we would also like to thank our
college mess for providing us with good lunch as expected.

This report is the outcome of our huge and continuous efforts for about a month including the survey
period.

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CONTENTS

PAGE NO.
1. TRIANGULATION

1A .SINGLE CHAIN METHOD 01
1B. DOUBLE CHAIN METHOD 18

2. TRILATERATION 39

3. PROFILE LEVELLING 47

4. GRID LEVELLING 56

5. RADIAL CONTOUR 73

6. DOUBLE THEODOLITE 78

7. TACHEOMETRIC METHOD 84

8. FOUNDATION MARKING 89

9. TOTAL STATION 94

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TRIANGULATION

(SINGLE CHAIN METHOD)

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TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION

The method of surveying called triangulation is based on the trigonometric proposition that if one side and
two angles of a triangle are known, the remaining sides can be computed.. The vertices of the triangles are known as
triangulation stations. The side of the triangle whose length is predetermined, is called the base line.
A tril ateration system also consists of a series of joined or overlapping triangles. However, for trilateration the
lengths of all the sides of the triangle are measured and few directions or angles are measured to establish azimuth.
Trilateration has become feasible with the development of electronic distance measuring (EDM) equipment which has
made possible the measurement of all lengths with high order of accuracy under almost all field conditions

OBJECTIVE OF TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION SURVEYS
The main objective of triangulation or trilateration surveys is to provide a number of stations
whose relative and absolute positions, horizontal as well as vertical, are accurately established.
More detailed location or engineering survey are then carried out from these stations.
The triangulation surveys are carried out
(i) To establish accurate control for plane and geodetic surveys of large areas, by terrestrial
methods,
(ii) To establish accurate control for photogrammetric surveys of large areas,
(iii) To assist in the determination of the size and shape of the earth by making observations for
Latitude, longitude and gravity

CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION SYSTEM
1. First order :
Determine the shape and size of the earth or to cover a vast area
2. second-order:
This consists of a network within a first-order triangulation.
3. Third order:
It is a framework fixed within and connected to a second-order triangulation system
to immediate control for locating surveys

LAYOUT FOR TRIANGULATION:
The triangles in a triangulation system can be arranged in a number of ways. Some of the
commonly used arrangements, also called layouts, are as follows :
1. Single chain of triangles
2. Double chain of triangles
3. Braced quadrilaterals
4. Centered triangles and polygons
5. A combination of above systems.

Single chain of triangles:
When the control points are required to be established in a narrow strip of terrain such as a
valley between ridges, a layout consisting of single chain of triangles. It does not involve
observations of long diagonals.This system does not provide any check on the accuracy of
observations.

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Double chain of triangles:
This arrangement is used for covering the larger width of a belt. This system also has
disadvantages of single chain of triangles system.

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D E F

Braced quadrilaterals
A triangulation system consisting of figures containing four corner stations and observed
diagonals. This system is treated to be the strongest and the best arrangement of triangles, and it
provides a means of computing the lengths of the sides using different combinations of sides and
angles.

Centered triangles and pol ygons

A triangulation system which consists of figures containing interior stations in triangle and
polygon is known as centered triangles and polygons..

Though this system provides checks on the accuracy of the work, generally it is not as
strong as the braced quadrilateral arrangement. Moreover, the progress of work is quite slow due
to the fact that more settings of the instrument are required.

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DOUBLE CHAIN METHOD

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DETERMINATION OF AREA BY SIMPLE
TRIANGULATION METHOD

AIM:
To determine the area of the given plot using the method of triangulation.

DESCRIPTION:

Triangulation is the process of establishing horizontal control in the surveying. The
triangulation system consist of number of inter connected triangles in which the length of the base
line and the triangle are measured very precisely.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Theodolite with tripod stand
Ranging rod
Tape
Arrow.

FORMULA USED:

Sine Formula:

For calculating the sides of a triangle,

AB
2
=AC
2
+BC
2
2* AC* BC* COS

- Angle between ACB

TO FIND AREA

A =
c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s

s =(a +b +c) / 2

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PROCEDURE:

1. The base line is selected and marked as P and Q at 25 m distance apart.
2. The other station points namely A,B,C,D where selected around the base line PQ.
3. Ranging rods are fixed at each point.
4. Now the instrument is placed over the station P and all other adjustments were
made.
5. Then from P the ranging rod at the station Q is sighted and angles were noted
keeping the instrument. At face left
6. Similarly from station P all the other points were sighted and the angles were
measured.
7. After that the angles were noted by changing the face of the instrument to face right.
8. Then the instrument is shifted to station Q and the initial adjustments are done.
9. Repeat the same procedure carried out at the station P and the angles were
recorded.
10. The interior angles were calculated and drawings are drawn.
11. Areas are calculated using the formula.

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CALCULATION:

TRIANGLE

A

B

C=180-( A+
B)
AI
1
I
2
8000 73015 265945
BI
2
I
3
8609 80405 131948
CI
3
I
4
90400 71405 173955
DI
4
I
5

7500 95010 95950
E I
5
I
6

804015 37408 613937
E I
6
I
5

804010 71010 281940
DÌ
5
I
4
80010 774015 221935
CÌ
3
I
4
802012 78405 205943
BÌ
3
I
2
8800 8300 900
AB I
2

8609
73015
205936
BC I
3
90400
80405 83955
CDI
4

7500 71405 331955
DE I
5

804015 95010 41935
E`D` I
5

80010 71010 285940
C`D` I
4

802012 774015 215933
C`B` I
3

8800 78405 131955
A`B` I
2

72015 8300 425945
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TO FIND THE DIMENSIONS OF THE SIDES:

IN AI
1
I
2

5 = AI
2
= AI
1

sin265915 sin8000 sin73015

AI
2
=10.85 m
AI
1
=10.53 m

IN BI
2
I
3

5 = BI
2
= BI
3

sin131946 sin 804015 sin 8609

BI
2
=21.4 m
BI
3
=21.63 m

IN CI
3
I
4

5 = CI
3
= CI
4

Sin173955 sin71405 sin 90400

CI
3
=15.64 m
CI
4
=16.48 m

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IN DI
4
I
5

5 = DI
4
= DI
5

sin 95950 sin95010 sin7500

DI
4
=28.69 m
D I
5
=27.82 m

IN EI
5
I
6

5 = EI
5
= EI
6

sin 613937 sin37408 sin804015

EI
5
=3.47 m
E I
6
=5.60 m

IN EI
6
I
5

5 = EI
5
= EI
6

sin 281940 sin804010 sin71010

EI
5
=10.39 m
E I
6
=9.96 m

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IN DÌ
5
I
4

5 = DÌ
4
= DÌ
5

sin 221935 sin80010 sin 774015

DÌ
4
=12.96 m
DÌ
5
=12.85 m

IN CÌ
3
I
4

5 = CÌ
3
= CÌ
4

Sin205943 sin 802012 sin78405

CÌ
3
=13.75 m
CÌ
4
=13.68 m

IN BÌ
3
I
2

5 = BÌ
3
= BÌ
2

sin 900 sin8300 sin8800

BÌ
3
= 31.72 m
BÌ
2
= 31.94 m

IN AÌ
1
I
2

5 = AÌ
2
= AÌ
1

sin 161940 sin91405 sin72015

AÌ
2
=17.77 m
AI
1
= 16.91 m

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TO FIND HORIZONTAL DISTANCE:

AB
2
=AI
2
2
+BI
2
2
2* AI
2
* BI
2
* COS
AB
2
=10.85 +21.4 - 2*10.85*21.4*COS 205936
AB =11.92 m

BC
2
=BI
3
2
+CI
3
2
2* BI
3
* CI
3
* COS
BC
2
=21.63 +15.64 - 2*21.63*15.64*COS 83945
BC =6.6 m

CD
2
=CI
4
2
+DI
4
2
2* CI
4
* DI
4
* COS
CD
2
=16.48 +28.69 - 2*16.48*28.69*COS 331953
CD =17.45 m

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DE
2
=DI
4
2
+EI
4
2
2* DI
4
* EI
4
* COS
DE
2
=27.82 +8.26 - 2*27.82*8.26*COS 41935
DE =24.57 m

ED
2
=EI
4
2
+DI
4
2
2* EI
4
* DI
4
* COS
ED
2
=12.86 +0.77 - 2*12.86*0.77*COS 285940
ED =12.19 m

C`D`
2
=CÌ
4
2
+DÌ
4
2
2* CÌ
4
* DÌ
4
* COS
C`D`
2
=13.68 +12.96 - 2*13.68*12.96*COS 215933
C`D` =5.13 m

B`C`
2
=BÌ
3
2
+CÌ
3
2
2* BÌ
3
* CÌ
3
* COS
B`C`
2
=31.72 +13.76 - 2*31.72*13.76*COS 131955
B`C` =18.6 m

A`B`
2
=AÌ
2
2
+BÌ
2
2
2* AÌ
2
* BÌ
2
* COS
A`B`
2
=17.78 +31.94 - 2*17.78*31.94*COS 245945
A`B` =17.52 m

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TO FIND AREA:

IN AI
1
I
2

s =(a +b +c) / 2
A = c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
s =(10.85 +10.53 +5 ) / 2
s =13.19m
A
1
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
1
=25.93 m
2

IN ABI
2

s =( 21.4+11.92 +10.85 ) / 2
s =22.085 m
A
2
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
2
=41.56 m
2

IN BI
2
I
3

s =(5+21.4+21.63) / 2
s =24.015 m
A
3
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
3
=53.37 m
2

IN BCI
3
s =( 21.63+15.64+6.6 ) / 2
s =21.935 m
A
4
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
4
=25.41m
2

IN CI
3
I
4

s =(16.48+15.64 +5 ) / 2
s =18.56 m
A
5
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
5
=39.1 m
2

IN CDI
4

s =(16.48+28.69+17.45 ) / 2
s =31.31 m
A
6
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
6
=129.85 m
2

IN DI
4
I
5

s =(5+28.69+27.82 ) / 2
s =30.75 m
A
7
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
7
=69.29 m
2

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IN DE I
5

s =(24.57+27.82+3.47) / 2
s =30.325 m
A
8
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
8
=98.22 m
2

IN EI
5
I
6

s =(3.26+5.6+5) / 2
s =6.956 m
A
9
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s

A
9
=8.08 m
2

IN EÌ
5
I
6

s =(10.39+9.96+5) / 2
s =12.675 m
A
10
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s

A
10
=24.57 m
2

IN DÈ I
5

s =(12.19+10.39+12.85) / 2
s =17.715 m
A
11
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
11
=59.05 m
2

IN DÌ
4
I
5

s =(12.96+12.85+5) / 2
s =15.405 m
A
12
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
12
=31.64 m
2

IN C`DÌ
4

s =(5.13+12.94+13.68) / 2
s =15.89 m
A
13
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
13
= 33.27 m
2

IN CÌ
3
I
4

s =(5+13.75+13.68) / 2
s =16.215 m
A
14
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
14
=33.70 m
2

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IN B`CÌ
3

s =(18.6+13.75+31.72) / 2
s =32.04 m
A
15
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
15
=50.19 m
2

IN BÌ
2
I
3

s =(31.94+31.72+5) / 2
s =34.38 m
A
16
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
16
= 79.25 m
2

IN A`BÌ
2

s =(17.78+31.94+17.52) / 2
s =33.62 m
A
17
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
17
= 120 m
2

IN AI
1
I
2

s =(16.92+17.78+5) / 2
s =19.85 m
A
18
= c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
A
18
= 42.28 m
2

TOTAL AREA = A
1
+A
2
+A
3
+A
4
+A
5
+A
6
+A
7
+A
8
+A
9
+A
10
+A
11
+A
12
+A
13
+A
14

+A
15
+A
16
+A
17
+A
18

=25.93+41.56+53.37+25.41+39.1+129.85+69.29+98.22+8.08+24.57+59.05+31.64+33.27+
33.70+50.19+79.25+120+42.28
=854.76 m
2

TOTAL AREA= 854.76 m
2

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RESULT:

The area of the given plot is 854.76 m
2

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TRILATERATION

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DETERMINATION OF AREA BY TRILATERATION
METHOD

AIM:

To determine the distance between the given station points using the method of
trilateration and area enclosed by the station points

DESCRIPTION:

Trilateration is the method of calculating the distance between the station points by
running a closed traverse

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

o Theodolite
o Ranging rod
o Levelling staff
o Cross staff
o Arrows
o Pegs

FORMULA USED:

o Horizontal distance:

D=KS COS
2
+ C COS

K=multiple constants =100
C=additive constants =0
S=staff intercept (top hair-bottom hair)

o Area of triangle:

A= )] ( * ) ( * ) ( [ c s b s a s s

S=(a+b+c2)/2

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PROCEDURE:
Mark the given points A,B,C,D,E. by using peg or arrows in such a way that it is
possible to see those points from any point
Then the instrument in placed in such a way that it is center to all the points and also
visible from the selected point.
The initial adjustment are done for accuracy in the survey
Then the point A is focused ,then the vertical angle and the top , middle and top hair
reading are taken by placing the leveling staff at point A.
The vertical angle and the top , middle and top hair reading are taken for all the given
points
Then the instrument is set any point and the distance and vertical angle between the
adjacent points are taken.
Thus we get a polygon whose sides are known or multiple triangle whose sides are
known
By using the given dimensions and by using the triangle formulas the area can be
calculated.

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TABULAR COLUMN:

STATION
POINT
SIGHT
TO
STADIA HAIR READING VERTICAL
POINT
VERTICAL
ANGLE
TOP MIDDLE BOTTOM

O

A

2.980

2.8

2.65

0.33

22015

B

3.30

2.8

2.59

0.71

22010

C

3.12

2.8

2.49

0.63

21020

D

3.18

2.8

2.46

0.72

100

E

3.08

2.8

2.53

0.55

21010

F

3.06

2.8

2.53

0.53

2155

A

B

2.99

2.8

2.60

0.39

22015

F

3.1

2.8

2.49

0.61

1406

E

D

2.99

2.8

2.62

0.37

32010

F

3.05

2.8

2.65

0.40

12010

C

D

2.80

2.8

2.10

0.70

1155

B

3.10

2.8

2.50

0.60

21010
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CALCULATION:

HORIZONTAL DISTANCE = KS COS
2
+ C COS WHERE C = 0

OA =KS COS
2
+ C COS
OA =100*0.33*(COS22015)

OA =32.95m

OB =KS COS
2
+ C COS
OB =100*0.71(COS2 2010)

OB =70.88m

OC =KS COS
2
+ C COS
OC =100*0.63(COS21020)
OC =62.91 m

OD =KS COS
2
+ C COS
OD =100*0.72(COS100)

OD =71.98m

OE =KS COS
2
+ C COS
OE =100*0.55(COS21010)
OE =54.92m

OF =KS COS
2
+ C COS
OF =100*0.53(COS2155)

OF =52.92 m

AB =KS COS
2
+ C COS
AB =100*0.39(COS22015)
AB =38.94m

AF=KS COS
2
+ C COS
AF =100*0.61(COS1406)
AF =60.95m

ED=100*0.37(COS32010)
ED =36.87m

EF =100*0.4(COS12010)

EF =39.98m

CD =100*0.7(COS11515)

CD =69.97m

CB =100*0.6(COS21010)
CB =59.9m

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TO FIND AREA:

IN AOB

s =(a +b +c) / 2
A = c)) - (s * b) - (s * a) - (s * (s
s =(32.95+70.88+37.98)/2
s =70.905m
A
1
=70.905*(70.905-32.95)*(70.905-70.88)*(70.905-37.98)
A
1
=147.06 m
2

IN BOC

s =(8.42+70.88+62.91)/2
s =71.05 m
A
2
=71.05*(71.05-70.88)*(71.05-62.91)*(71.05-8.42)
A
2
=290.65m
2

IN COD

s =(9.42+62.91+71.98)/2
s =72.155 m
A
3
=72.155*(72.155-62.91)*(72.155-71.98)*(72.155-9.42)
A
3
=285.58m
2

IN DOE

s =(17.09+71.98+54.92)/2
s =71.995 m
A
4
=71.995*(71.955-71.98)*(71.955-54.92)*(71.955-17.09)
A
4
=531.81 m
2

IN EOF

s =(2.85+54.92+52.92)/2
s =55.35m
A
5
=55.35*(55.35-54.92)*(55.35-52.92)*(55.35-2.85)
A
5
=455.10 m
2

IN AOF

s =(20.03+52.92+32.92)/2
s =52.95m
A
6
=52.95*(52.95-52.92)*(55.95-32.92)*(55.95-20.03)
A
6
=457.09 m
2

TOTAL AREA = A
1
+A
2
+A
3
+A
4
+A
5
+A
6

= 147.06+290.65+285.58+531.81+455.10+457.09
A =2167.29m
2

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RESULT:

Thus the area of the given land is found out as 2167.29m by using trilateration
method.

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PROFILE LEVELLING

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ROAD ALIGNMENT SURVEY

Introduction:

Roads are especially prepared ways between different places for the use of vehicles and
peoples. It is an important aspect in the development of transportation network for the
topographical mapping while the knowledge of longitudinal section as well as cross sections at
certain intervals of the road are essential. Also the density of traffics should be considered before
designing the road..

LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF ROAD NETWORK

1. Longitudinal sections:

Longitudinal sectioning or the profile works along a pre determining line to determine the elevation
of the ground surface along that line. The proposed alignment may be a single straight line or a
series of straight lines connected by curves.

Longitudinal sections are done to determine the indications of the ground surface. The ground
profiles are used for the study of the relationship between the existing ground levels and the levels
of proposed alignment. The details of the longitudinal section are plotted and the gradient line is
drawn and the reduced levels at various points are determined and the amount of cutting and
filling can be calculated simultaneously.

2. Plotting the profile:

The profile are plotted after the staff reading is obtained in the field are reduced and checked.
Generally, the profiles are plotted by choosing a suitable scale to show clearly the undulations in
the ground. The scales selected for plotting the vertical elevations are different from the scale
selected for plotting the vertical elevation.

CROSS SECTION OF ROAD NET WORK.

1. Cross sectioning:

Cross sections are run at right angles to the proposed or the line of work along which the profile
leveling is done. These stations are taken on either side of centre line to obtain the lateral outline
of the ground surface.

Cross sections are taken simultaneously along with longitudinal sectioning and are serially
numbered from the beginning. Cross- sections and generally taken at 10mtr or 20mtr intervals.

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2. Plotting the profile:

The profile are plotted after the staff reading is obtained in the field are reduced and checked.
Generally, the profiles are plotted by choosing a suitable scale to show clearly the undulations in
the ground. The scales selected for plotting the vertical elevations are different from the scale
selected for plotting the vertical elevation.

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LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS SECTIONAL SECTIONING
SURVEY ALONG A ROAD

AIM:
To plot the longitudinal section and cross section of the given road using the method of fly
leveling.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

Leveling staff
Leveling instrument
Ranging rods
Cross staff
Chain
Tape
Peg
Arrow.

FORMULA:

Arithmetic check:

back sight fore sight = last reduced level first reduced level

LONGITUDINAL SECTIONING:
The operation of taking level along the center lines if any augments at regular intervals is
known as longitudinal leveling. Back sight intermediate sight, fore sight are taken at regular
intervals at every setup of the instrument to the nature of the ground surface.

CROSS SECTIONING:
The operation of taking levels along the traverse to the direction of the longitudinal leveling.
The cross section is taken at regular interval along the augment.

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PROCEDURE:

1. The instruments was setup along the side of the road and the necessary adjustments were
made.
2. Then the bench mark is fixed by sighting the instrument on any permanent structures.
3. The width of the road is measured and the staff is held at the midway of the proposed road.
4. The central hair reading is noted down, then staff is shifted to the right and the left side and
the reading is recorded .
5. Similarly the same procedure is carried out by keeping the staff at regular intervals.
6. Then the reduced levels of the offsets were calculated and the profile is shown in the
graph.

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PROFILE LEVELLING (L.S & C.S)

STATION CHAINAGE DISTANCE B.S I.S F.S RISE

FALL R.L
C1
0
0 1.370 100.00
L1 2 1.440 0.05 99.95
L2 4 1.470 0.03 99.92
R1 2 1.400 0.07 99.99
R2 4 1.430 0.03 99.96
C1
5
0 1.410 0.02 99.98
L1 2 1.510 0.1 99.97
L2 4 1.420 0.09 100.06
R1 2 1.440 0.02 100.04
R2 4 1.380 0.06 100.01
C1
10
0 1.350 0.03 100.07
L1 2 1.340 0.01 100.08
L2 4 1.400 0.06 100.02
R1 2 1.330 0.07 100.09
R2 4 1.370 0.04 100.05
C1
15
0 1.180 0.19 100.24
L1 2 1.190 0.01 100.23
L2 4 1.210 0.02 100.21
R1 2 1.180 0.03 100.24
R2 4 1.190 0.01 100.23
C1
20
0 1.150 0.04 100.27
L1 2 1.230 0.08 100.19
L2 4 1.190 0.04 100.23
R1 2 1.140 0.05 100.28
R2 4 1.230 0.09 100.19
C1
25
0 1.290 0.06 100.13
L1 2 1.310 0.02 100.11
L2 4 1.290 0.02 100.13
R1 2 1.280 0.01 100.14
R2 4 1.230 0.05 100.19
C1
30
0 1.290 0.06 100.13
L1 2 1.330 0.04 100.09
L2 4 1.310 0.02 100.11
R1 2 1.310 0 100.11
R2 4 1.270 0.04 100.15
C1
35
0 0.990 0.28 100.43
L1 2 0.940 0.05 100.48
L2 4 0.950 0.01 100.47
R1 2 1.000 0.05 100.42
R2 4 1.260 0.26 100.16
C1
40
0 1.100 0.15 100.42
L1 2 0.990 0.01 100.43
L2 4 1.220 0.23 100.20
R1 2 0.970 0.25 100.45
R2 4 0.960 0.01 100.46
C1
45
0 1.240 0.28 100.18
L1 2 1.340 0.10 100.08
L2 4 1.310 0.03 100.11
R1 2 1.250 0.06 100.17
R2 4 1.090 0.16 100.33
C1 50 0 1.380 0.29 100.04
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L1 2 1.220 0.16 100.20
L2 4 1.210 0.01 100.21
R1 2 1.260 0.05 100.16
R2 4 1.230 1.780 0.03 100.19
C1
55
0 1.360 0.47 100.66
L1 2 1.270 0.04 100.70
L2 4 1.290 0.02 100.68
R1 2 1.250 0.04 100.72
R2 4 1.290 0.04 100.68
C1
60
0 1.410 0.12 100.56
L1 2 1.360 0.05 100.61
L2 4 1.390 0.03 100.58
R1 2 1.260 0.13 100.71
R2 4 1.290 0.03 100.68
C1
65
0 1.410 0.12 100.56
L1 2 1.320 0.09 100.65
L2 4 1.350 0.03 100.62
R1 2 1.330 0.02 100.64
R2 4 1.360 0.03 100.61
C1
70
0 1.460 0.1 100.51
L1 2 1.330 0.13 100.64
L2 4 1.360 0.03 100.61
R1 2 1.350 0.01 100.62
R2 4 1.370 0.02 100.60
C1
75
0 1.410 0.04 100.56
L1 2 1.510 0.09 0.1 100.55
L2 4 1.420 100.64
R1 2 1.440 0.02 100.62
R2 4 1.380 0.06 100.68
C1
80
0 1.350 0.03 100.71
L1 2 1.340 0.01 100.72
L2 4 1.400 0.06 100.66
R1 2 1.330 0.07 100.73
R2 4 1.370 0.04 100.69
C1
85
0 1.180 0.19 100.88
L1 2 1.190 0.01 100.87
L2 4 1.210 0.02 100.80
R1 2 1.180 0.03 100.83
R2 4 1.190 0.01 100.82
C1
90
0 1.150 0.04 100.86
L1 2 1.230 0.08 100.78
L2 4 1.190 0.04 100.82
R1 2 1.140 0.05 100.87
R2 4 1.230 0.09 100.78
C1
95
0 1.290 0.06 100.72
L1 2 1.310 0.02 100.70
L2 4 1.290 0.02 100.72
R1 2 1.280 0.01 100.73
R2 4 1.230 0.02 100.71
C1
100
0 1.290 0.06 100.65
L1 2 1.330 0.04 100.61
L2 4 1.310 0.02 100.63
R1 2 1.310 0 100.63
R2 4 1.280 1.520 0.03 100.60
C1
105
0 1.340 0.3 100.63
L1 2 1.340 0.1 100.62
L2 4 1.310 0.03 100.65
R1 2 1.250 0.06 100.71
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R2 4 1.190 0.16 100.87
C1
110
0 1.310 0.22 100.65
L1 2 1.270 0.04 100.69
L2 4 1.280 0.01 100.98
R1 2 1.250 0.03 100.71
R2 4 1.290 0.04 100.67
C1
115
0 1.410 0.12 100.55
L1 2 1.350 0.06 100.61
L2 4 1.380 0.03 100.58
R1 2 1.370 0.01 100.59
R2 4 1.330 0.04 100.63
C1
120
0 1.150 0.18 100.81
L1 2 1.230 0.08 100.73
L2 4 1.190 0.04 100.77
R1 2 1.140 0.05 100.82
R2 4 1.230 0.09 100.73
C1
125
0 1.390 0.16 100.57
L1 2 1.440 0.05 100.52
L2 4 1.470 0.03 100.49
R1 2 1.400 0.04 100.56
R2 4 1.430 0.03 100.53
C1
130
0 1.300 0.11 100.75
L1 2 1.180 0.03 100.78
L2 4 1.190 0.01 100.77
R1 2 1.160 0.03 100.80
R2 4 1.210 0.05 100.75
C1
135
0 1.350 0.14 100.61
L1 2 1.340 0.01 100.62
L2 4 1.400 0.06 100.56
R1 2 1.330 0.07 100.63
R2 4 1.370 0.04 100.59
C1
140
0 1.280 0.08 100.68
L1 2 1.290 0.01 100.67
L2 4 1.210 0.08 100.59
R1 2 1.180 0.03 100.62
R2 4 1.190 0.01 100.61
C1
145
0 1.260 0.07 100.54
L1 2 1.150 0.11 100.65
L2 4 1.090 0.06 100.71
R1 2 1.130 0.04 100.67
R2 4 1.150 0.02 100.65
C1
150
0 1.270 0.12 100.53
L1 2 1.250 0.02 100.55
L2 4 1.260 0.01 100.54
R1 2 1.230 0.03 100.57
R2 4 1.260 1.420 0.03 100.54
C1
155
0 1.390 0.13 100.67
L1 2 1.310 0.02 100.65
L2 4 1.290 0.02 100.67
R1 2 1.280 0.01 100.68
R2 4 1.230 0.05 100.73
C1
160
0 1.190 0.04 100.77
L1 2 1.180 0.01 100.78
L2 4 1.210 0.04 100.74
R1 2 1.230 0.02 100.72
R2 4 1.160 0.05 100.67
C1
165
0 1.450 0.27 100.40
L1 2 1.540 0.09 100.31
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L2 4 1.410 0.13 100.44
R1 2 1.390 0.02 100.46
R2 4 1.410 0.02 100.44
C1
170
0 1.540 0.13 100.31
L1 2 1.510 0.03 100.34
L2 4 1.580 0.07 100.27
R1 2 1.530 0.05 100.32
R2 4 1.520 0.01 100.33
C1
175
0 1.520 0 100.33
L1 2 1.480 0.04 100.37
L2 4 1.510 0.03 100.33
R1 2 1.530 0.02 100.32
R2 4 1.490 0.04 100.39
C1
180
0 1.340 0.15 100.51
L1 2 1.390 0.02 100.69
L2 4 1.450 0.09 100.60
R1 2 1.510 0.06 100.54
R2 4 1.300 0.21 100.75
C1
185
0 1.510 0.21 100.54
L1 2 1.500 0.01 100.55
L2 4 1.510 0.01 100.54
R1 2 1.500 0.01 100.55
R2 4 1.590 0.09 100.44
C1
190
0 1.310 0.28 100.72
L1 2 1.310 0 100.72
L2 4 1.450 0.14 100.58
R1 2 1.390 0.06 100.64
R2 4 1.410 0.02 100.62
C1
195
0 1.290 0.12 100.74
L1 2 1.310 0.02 100.72
L2 4 1.260 0.05 100.77
R1 2 1.280 0.02 100.75
R2 4 1.270 0.01 100.76
C1
200
0 1.210 0.06 100.82
L1 2 1.270 0.06 100.76
L2 4 1.190 0.08 100.84
R1 2 1.140 0.05 100.89
R2 4 1.230 0.09 100.80

ARTHEMATIC CHECK

RISE - FALL = B.S - F.S =LAST R.L FIRST R.L

6.55-5.75 = 5.52-4.72 = 100.80-100.00

0.80 = 0.80 = 0.80

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RESULT:
The R.L of various points along the cross section and longitudinal section are determined
and the graph is plotted to scale.

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B
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GRID LEVELLING

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GRID CONTOURING

AIM:
To draw the block of given plot.

DESCRIPTION:

A map without relief representation is simply a plan on which relative positions of details are
only shown in horizontal phase. Relative heights of various points on the map may be represented
by one of the methods of contour.

SQUARE METHOD:
It is the indirect method of contouring. Here the entire area is divided into number of square
sides which may vary from 4m-48m, depending upon nature of the ground, the contour interval
and the scale of the plan.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Theodolite with tripod stand
Ranging rod
Leveling staff
Arrows
Cross staff
Tape or chain
PROCEDURE:
1. The site for block countering is selected by through study.
2. The dimension of block counter size are selected accordingly.
3. Then the area is divided into blocks of the size 3m*3m by using cross staff, chain
and ranging rod.
4. The instrument is placed in such a place where maximum reading can be taken on
the intersection points.
5. Readings taken at the intersection points are entered in the field book.
6. Change points are provided wherever needed .
7. After taking the readings, the RL of each point is calculated by height of collimation
method or by rise and fall method.
8. All reduced levels are plotted in A2 drawing sheet of suitable scale.
The points having same reduced levels are connected and finally we observe a contour map. The
contour of the desired values in interpolated.

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GRID LEVELLING

STATION X Y B.S I.S F.S RISE FALL R.L
A0

0

0 1.900

100.000
A1 3

1.210

0.690

100.690
A2 6

1.250

0.040 100.650
A3 9

1.280

0.030 100.620
A4 12

1.310

0.030 100.590
A5 15

1.350

0.040 100.550
A6 18

1.380

0.030 100.520
A7 21

1.400

0.020 100.518
A8 24

1.450

0.050 100.450
A9 27

1.600

0.150 100.300
A10 30

1.570

0.030

100.330
A11 33

1.385

0.185

100.515
A12 36

1.405

0.020 100.495
A13 39

1.430

0.025 100.470
A14 42

1.440

0.010 100.460
A15 45

1.475

0.035 100.425
A16 48

1.515

0.040 100.385
A17 51

1.560

0.045 100.340
A18 54

1.610

0.050 100.290
A19 57

1.530

0.080

100.370
A20 60

1.620

0.090 100.280
B0

3

0 1.100

0.520

100.800
B1 3 1.175

0.075 100.725
B2 6 1.070

0.105

100.830
B3 9 1.030

0.040

100.870
B4 12 1.010

0.020

100.890
B5 15 1.120

0.110 100.780
B6 18 1.165

0.045 100.670
B7 21 1.210

0.045 100.625
B8 24 1.225

0.015 100.610
B9 27 1.310

0.085 100.525
B10 30 1.350

0.040 100.484
B11 33 1.270

0.080

100.564
B12 36 1.265

0.005

100.569
B13 39 1.240

0.025

100.594
B14 42 1.530

0.290 100.304
B15 45 1.470

0.060

100.364
B16 48 1.430

0.040

100.404
B17 51 1.510

0.080 100.324
B18 54 1.565

0.055 100.269
B19 57 1.520

0.045

100.314
B20 60 1.495

0.025

100.339
C0

0 0.970

0.525

100.864
C1 3 0.990

0.020 100.844
C2 6 1.005

0.015 100.J 829
C3 9 1.020

0.015 100.814
C4 12 1.035

0.015 100.799
C5 15 1.060

0.025 100.774
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C6

6

18 1.090

0.030 100.744
C7 21 1.150

0.060 100.684
C8 24 1.165

0.015 100.669
C9 27 1.190

0.025 100.644
C10 30 1.205

0.015 100.629
C11 33 1.215

0.010 100.619
C12 36 1.220

0.005 100.614
C13 39 1.305

0.085 100.529
C14 42 1.310

0.005 100.524
C15 45 1.325

0.015 100.509
C16 48 1.355

0.030 100.479
C17 51 1.410

0.055 100.424
C18 54 1.445

0.035 100.389
C19 57 1.490

0.045 100.344
C20 60 1.505

0.015 100.329
D0

9

0 1.005

0.500

100.829
D1 3 1.020

0.015 100.814
D2 6 1.030

0.010 100.804
D3 9 1.060

0.030 100.774
D4 12 1.075

0.015 100.759
D5 15 1.095

0.020 100.739
D6 18 1.105

0.010 100.729
D7 21 1.140

0.035 100.694
D8 24 1.055

0.015 100.679
D9 27 1.085

0.030 100.349
D10 30 1.190

0.005 100.644
D11 33 1.225

0.035 100.609
D12 36 1.250

0.025 100.584
D13 39 1.280

0.030 100.554
D14 42 1.320

0.040 100.514
D15 45 1.350

0.030 100.484
D16 48 1.365

0.015 100.469
D17 51 1.390

0.025 100.444
D18 54 1.420

0.030 100.414
D19 57 1.440

0.020 100.394
D20 60 1.465

0.025 100.369
E0

12

0 0.860

0.605

100.974
E1 3 0.895

0.035 100.939
E2 6 0.915

0.020 100.919
E3 9 0.935

0.020 100.899
E4 12 0.970

0.035 100.864
E5 15 0.995

0.025 100.839
E6 18 1.030

0.035 100.804
E7 21 1.040

0.015 100.789
E8 24 1.090

0.045 100.744
E9 27 1.105

0.015 100.729
E10 30 1.120

0.015 100.714
E11 33 1.145

0.025 100.689
E12 36 1.190

0.045 100.644
E13 39 1.220

0.030 100.614
E14 42 1.280

0.040 100.574
E15 45 1.290

0.030 100.544
E16 48 1.330

0.040 100.504
A
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E17

51 1.390

0.060 100.444
E18 54 1.440

0.050 100.394
E19 57 1.490

0.050 100.344
E20 60 1.530

0.040 100.304
F0

15

0 0.940

0.590

100.894
F1 3 1.020

0.080 100.814
F2 6 1.070

0.050 100.764
F3 9 1.130

0.060 100.704
F4 12 1.150

0.020 100.684
F5 15 1.190

0.040 100.644
F6 18 1.230

0.040 100.604
F7 21 1.250

0.020 100.584
F8 24 1.300

0.050 100.534
F9 27 1.310

0.010 100.524
F10 30 1.330

0.020 100.504
F11 33 1.350

0.020 100.484
F12 36 1.390

0.040 100.444
F13 39 1.420

0.030 100.414
F14 42 1.445

0.025 100.389
F15 45 1.470

0.025 100.364
F16 48 1.510

0.040 100.324
F17 51 1.540

0.030 100.294
F18 54 1.560

0.020 100.274
F19 57 1.570

0.010 100.264
F20 60 1.590

0.020 100.244
G0

18

0 1.050

0.540

100.784
G1 3 1.040

0.010

100.794
G2 6 1.060

0.020 100.774
G3 9 1.065

0.005 100.769
G4 12 1.115

0.050 100.719
G5 15 1.140

0.025 100.694
G6 18 1.180

0.040 100.654
G7 21 1.240

0.060 100.594
G8 24 1.255

0.015 100.579
G9 27 1.310

0.055 100.524
G10 30 1.325

0.015 100.509
G11 33 1.335

0.010 100.499
G12 36 1.340

0.005 100.494
G13 39 1.410

0.070 100.424
G14 42 1.420

0.010 100.414
G15 45 1.450

0.030 100.384
G16 48 1.460

0.010 100.344
G17 51 1.470

0.010 100.334
G18 54 1.395

0.075

100.409
G19 57 1.405

0.010 100.399
G20 60 1.440

0.035 100.364
H0 0 0.950

0.490

100.854
H1 3 1.010

0.060 100.794
H2 6 1.040

0.030 100.764
H3 9 1.070

0.030 100.734
H4 12 1.110

0.040 100.694
H5 15 1.155

0.045 100.649
H6 18 1.145

0.010

100.659
A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G
H7

21

21 1.125

0.020

100.679
H8 24 1.130

0.005 100.674
H9 27 1.140

0.010 100.664
H10 30 1.200

0.060 100.604
H11 33 1.195

0.005

100.609
H12 36 1.170

0.025

100.634
H13 39 1.125

0.045

100.649
H14 42 1.250

0.125 100.524
H15 45 1.230

0.020

100.544
H16 48 1.280

0.050 100.494
H17 51 1.300

0.020 100.474
H18 54 1.350

0.050 100.424
H19 57 1.400

0.050 100.374
H20 60 1.430

0.030 100.344
I0

24

0 1.980

0.550 100.905
I1 3 1.000

0.020 100.895
I2 6 1.020

0.020 100.840
I3 9 1.060

0.040 100.825
I4 12 1.080

0.020 100.795
I5 15 1.120

0.040 100.785
I6 18 1.150

0.030 100.790
I7 21 1.200

0.050 100.780
I8 24 1.290

0.090 100.760
I9 27 1.255

0.035

100.725
I10 30 1.295

0.040 100.710
I11 33 1.310

0.015 100.680
I12 36 1.330

0.020 100.640
I13 39 1.375

0.045 100.615
I14 42 1.420

0.045 100.595
I15 45 1.440

0.020 100.580
I16 48 1.490

0.050 100.550
I17 51 1.435

0.055

100.520
I18 54 1.440

0.005 100.510
I19 57 1.420

0.020

100.480
I20 60 1.600

0.180 100.460
J 0

27

0 1.060

0.540

100.890
J 1 3 1.090

0.030 100.870
J 2 6 1.030

0.060

100.840
J 3 9 1.025

0.005

100.805
J 4 12 1.120

0.095 100.780
J 5 15 1.150

0.030 100.750
J 6 18 1.130

0.020

100.735
J 7 21 1.190

0.060 100.725
J 8 24 1.200

0.010 100.710
J 9 27 1.300

0.100 100.695
J 10 30 1.250

0.050

100.675
J 11 33 1.245

0.005

100.680
J 12 36 1.275

0.030 100.670
J 13 39 1.330

0.055 100.650
J 14 42 1.350

0.020 100.625
J 15 45 1.380

0.030 100.610
J 16 48 1.340

0.040

100.595
J 17 51 1.450

0.110 100.570
A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G
J 18 54 1.440

0.010

100.540
J 19 57 1.530

0.090 100.480
J 20 60 1.550

0.020 100.440
K0 30

0 0.805

0.745

101.040
K1 3 0.880

0.075 101.005
K2 6 0.910

0.030 100.985
K3 9 0.960

0.050 100.965
K4 12 1.020

0.060 100.930
K5 15 1.060

0.040 100.905
K6 18 1.110

0.050 100.870
K7 21 1.150

0.040 100.855
K8 24 1.190

0.040 100.810
K9 27 1.220

0.030 100.795
K10 30 1.265

0.045 100.780
K11 33 1.280

0.015 100.755
K12 36 1.315

0.035 100.710
K13 39 1.330

0.015 100.680
K14 42 1.345

0.015 100.640
K15 45 1.360

0.015 100.610
K16

48 1.395

0.035 100.570
K17 51 1.420

0.025 100.510
K18 54 1.460

0.040 100.460
K19 57 1.570

0.110 100.410
K20 60 1.610

0.040 100.370
L0

33

0 0.900

0.710

100.960
L1 3 0.950

0.050 100.880
L2 6 1.000

0.050 100.830
L3 9 1.005

0.050 100.770
L4 12 1.100

0.095 100.750
L5 15 1.110

0.010 100.710
L6 18 1.115

0.005 100.670
L7 21 1.220

0.105 100.650
L8 24 1.235

0.015 100.600
L9 27 1.240

0.005 100.590
L10 30 1.255

0.015 100.570
L11 33 1.280

0.025 100.550
L12 36 1.330

0.050 100.510
L13 39 1.350

0.020 100.480
L14 42 1.380

0.030 100.455
L15 45 1.480

0.100 100.430
L16 48 1.450

0.030

100.390
L17 51 1.480

0.030 100.360
L18 54 1.430

0.050

100.340
L19 57 1.390

0.040

100.330
L20 60 1.460

0.070 100.310
M0

0 1.010

0.450

100.950
M1 3 1.030

0.020 100.890
M2 6 1.060

0.030 100.860
M3 9 1.095

0.035 100.830
M4 12 1.200

0.025 100.790
M5 15 1.150

0.030 100.745
M6 18 1.165

0.015 100.755
M7 21 1.175

0.010 100.775
A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G
M8

36

24 1.190

0.015 100.770
M9 27 1.205

0.015 100.760
M10 30 1.225

0.020 100.700
M11 33 1.220

0.005

100.705
M12 36 1.230

0.010 100.730
M13 39 1.250

0.020 100.775
M14 42 1.275

0.025 100.650
M15 45 1.290

0.015 100.670
M16 48 1.305

0.015 100.620
M17 51 1.330

0.025 100.600
M18 54 1.360

0.030 100.550
M19 57 1.420

0.060 100.500
M20 60 1.460

0.040 100.470
C.P

1.510

1.440

0.05 100.460
N0 0 1.010

0.430

100.910
N1 3 1.030

0.020 100.880
N2 6 1.060

0.030 100.940
N3 9 1.095

0.035 100.945
N4 12 1.200

0.025 100.850
N5 15 1.150

0.030 100.820
N6 18 1.165

0.015 100.840
N7 21 1.175

0.010 100.780
N8 24 1.190

0.015 100.770
N9 27 1.205

0.015 100.670
N10 30 1.225

0.020 100.720
N11 33 1.220

0.005

100.725
N12 36 1.230

0.010 100.695
N13 39 1.250

0.020 100.640
N14 42 1.275

0.025 100.620
N15 45 1.290

0.015 100.590
N16 48 1.305

0.015 100.630
N17 51 1.330

0.025 100.520
N18 54 1.360

0.030 100.530
N19 57 1.420

0.060 100.440
N20 60 1.460

0.040 100.420
O0

42

0 1.115

0.345

100.870
O1 3 1.075

0.040

100.880
O2 6 1.080

0.005 100.910
O3 9 1.135

0.055 100.890
O4 12 1.140

0.005 100.850
O5 15 1.155

0.015 100.810
O6 18 1.130

0.025

100.830
O7 21 1.210

0.080 100.770
O8 24 1.225

0.015 100.800
O9 27 1.310

0.085 100.805
O10 30 1.320

0.010 100.735
O11 33 1.330

0.010 100.695
O12 36 1.375

0.045 100.670
O13 39 1.405

0.030 100.685
O14 42 1.360

0.045

100.660
O15 45 1.370

0.010 100.640
O16 48 1.390

0.020 100.680
O17 51 1.450

0.060 100.800
A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G
O18 54 1.530

0.080 100.650
O19 57 1.510

0.020

100.520
O20 60 1.540

0.030 100.540
P0

0 0.980

0.560

100.850
P1 3 0.975

0.005

100.900
P2 6 1.070

0.095 100.910
P3 9 1.065

0.005

100.940
P4

45

12 1.015

0.050

100.930
P5 15 1.100

0.085 100.920
P6 18 1.075

0.025

100.890
P7 21 1.080

0.005 100.850
P8 24 1.130

0.050 100.825
P9 27 1.140

0.010 100.840
P10 30 1.190

0.050 100.710
P11 33 1.160

0.030

100.725
P12 36 1.155

0.005

100.700
P13 39 1.250

0.095 100.690
P14 42 1.310

0.060 100.720
P15 45 1.415

0.105 100.505
P16 48 1.430

0.015 100.525
P17 51 1.550

0.120 100.580
P18 54 1.470

0.080

100.600
P19 57 1.520

0.050 100.640
P20 60 1.550

0.030 100.560
Q0

48

0 1.120

0.430

100.855
Q1 3 1.070

0.050

100.895
Q2 6 1.060

0.010

100.890
Q3 9 1.030

0.030

100.835
Q4 12 1.040

0.010 100.830
Q5 15 1.050

0.010 100.815
Q6 18 1.080

0.030 100.840
Q7 21 1.120

0.040 100.760
Q8 24 1.145

0.025 100.745
Q9 27 1.130

0.015

100.660
Q10 30 1.260

0.130 100.650
Q11 33 1.245

0.015

100.640
Q12 36 1.270

0.025 100.595
Q13 39 1.280

0.010 100.565
Q14 42 1.250

0.030

100.610
Q15 45 1.465

0.215 100.600
Q16 48 1.445

0.020

100.580
Q17 51 1.390

0.053

100.520
Q18 54 1.370

0.020

100.440
Q19 57 1.330

0.040

100.460
Q20 60 1.410

0.080 100.430
R0

0 1.100

0.310

100.990
R1 3 1.125

0.025 100.995
R2 6 1.140

0.015 100.900
R3 9 1.070

0.070

100.905
R4 12 1.080

0.010 100.955
R5 15 1.090

0.010 100.870
R6 18 1.060

0.030

100.895
R7 21 1.100

0.040 100.890
A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G
R8

51

24 1.165

0.065 100.840
R9 27 1.225

0.060 100.830
R10 30 1.270

0.045 100.780
R11 33 1.350

0.080 100.810
R12 36 1.290

0.060

100.815
R13 39 1.400

0.110 100.720
R14 42 1.420

0.020 100.660
R15 45 1.380

0.040

100.555
R16 48 1.375

0.005

100.540
R17 51 1.530

0.155 100.420
R18 54 1.515

0.015

100.500
R19 57 1.545

0.030 100.450
R20 60 1.470

0.075

100.420
S0

54

0 1.100

0.370

100.870
S1 3 1.090

0.010

100.845
S2 6 1.060

0.030

100.830
S3 9 1.080

0.020 100.900
S4 12 1.120

0.040 100.890
S5 15 1.160

0.040 100.880
S6 18 1.140

0.020

100.910
S7 21 1.200

0.060 100.870
S8 24 1.170

0.030

100.805
S9 27 1.165

0.005

100.745
S10 30 1.235

0.070 100.700
S11 33 1.275

0.040 100.620
S12 36 1.300

0.025 100.680
S13 39 1.285

0.015

100.570
S14 42 1.310

0.025 100.550
S15 45 1.330

0.020 100.590
S16 48 1.290

0.040

100.590
S17 51 1.170

0.120

100.440
S18 54 1.320

0.150 100.445
S19 57 1.450

0.130 100.425
S20 60 1.430

0.020

100.580
T0

57

0 0.995

0.245

100.870
T1 3 1.005

0.010 100.900
T2 6 1.060

0.055 100.895
T3 9 1.075

0.015 100.905
T4 12 1.105

0.030 100.835
T5 15 1.115

0.010 100.795
T6 18 1.110

0.005

100.860
T7 21 1.120

0.010 100.810
T8 24 1.140

0.020 100.800
T9 27 1.175

0.035 100.750
T10 30 1.190

0.015 100.725
T11 33 1.220

0.030 100.660
T12 36 1.260

0.040 100.535
T13 39 1.285

0.025 100.460
T14 42 1.305

0.020 100.465
T15 45 1.320

0.015 100.495
T16 48 1.350

0.030 100.510
T17 51 1.380

0.030 100.460
T18 54 1.390

0.010 100.430
A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G
T19 57 1.420

0.030 100.450
T20 60 1.440

0.020 100.480
U0

60

0 0.980

0.460

100.870
U1 3 0.995

0.015 100.795
U2 6 1.030

0.035 100.900
U3 9 1.080

0.050 100.940
U4 12 1.120

0.040 100.960
U5 15 1.140

0.020 100.850
U6 18 1.180

0.040 100.805
U7 21 1.195

0.015 100.760
U8 24 1.220

0.025 100.745
U9 27 1.255

0.035 100.660
U10 30 1.280

0.025 100.620
U11 33 1.310

0.030 100.700
U12 36 1.340

0.030 100.705
U13 39 1.360

0.020 100.730
U14 42 1.390

0.030 100.440
U15 45 1.405

0.015 100.500
U16 48 1.420

0.015 100.540
U17 51 1.435

0.015 100.460
U18 54 1.480

0.045 100.405
U19 57 1.505

0.025 100.450
U20 60

1.510

0.005 100.475

ARTHEMATIC CHECK
RISE - FALL = B.S - F.S = LAST R.L - FIRST R.L

12.860-12.385 = 3.41-2.935 = 100.475-100.00

0.475=0.475=0.475

A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G

RESULT:
The block size of 30m x 60m was drawn and reduced level at each intersection was
entered. Smooth curves of various lines were drawn connecting points of equal elevation and the
contour map was prepared.

A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G

A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G

RADIAL CONTOUR

A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G

CONTOURING

A contour line is a curve along which the function has a constant value. In cartography, a contour
line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such
as mean sea level. A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example
a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness of slopes.

CONTOUR -INTERVAL:

The vertical distances between two consecutive contours are called as contour interval. The
contour interval is kept constant for a contour plan, otherwise the general appearance of the map
will be misreading.

Nature of the ground

The scale of the map

Purpose and extend of the survey

Time and expense of field and office work

.Characteristics of contour:

The following characteristics features may be used while plotting or reading a contour plan or
topographic map.

Two contour lines of different elevations cannot cross each other.

Contour lines of different elevations can write to from one line only in the case of a vertical
cliff.

Contour lines close together indicate steep slope. They indicate a gentle slope if they are
far apart.

A contour passing through any point is perpendicular to the line of steepest slope at that
point.

A closed contour line with one or more higher ones inside and it represents a hill.

Two contour lines having the same elevation cannot write and continue split into two lines.

A contour line must close upon itself, not necessarily within the limits of the map.

Contour lines cross a watershed or ridge line at right angles.

Contour lines close a valley line of right angles.

A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G

Methods of locating contours:

The method may be divided into two classes:

(a) The direct method
(b) The indirect method

(a) The direct method

As in the indirect method, each contour is located by determining the positions of a series of points
through which the contour passes. The operation is also sometimes called tracing out contours.
The field work is two-fold.

1. Vertical control: Location of points on contour.
2. Horizontal control: Survey of those points.

(b) The indirect method:

In this method, some guide points are selected along a system of straight lines and their
elevations are found. The points are taken plotted and contours are drawn by interpolation. These
guide points are not except by coincidence.

The following are some of the indirect method of locating the ground points.

(1) By squares
(2) By cross-sections
(3) Tachometric method

A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G

EX NO 5 RADIAL CONTOURING

Ai m:
To prepare contour map for the given area.

Instruments required:
1. Theodolite
2. Ranging rod
3. Chains
4. Arrows
5. Pegs

Principle:

This method is suitable for countering the area of long strip undulations where direct chaining is
difficult.

Procedure:

1. Range out the radial line from a common centre at known angular interval.
2. Fix arrows on the radial lines at equal distances of 3m or 5m.
3. Set up the instrument at any convenient place to cover the maximum points.
4. Hold the leveling staff in the place of arrows.
5. Note down the vertical angels and the hair readings and enter it correctly.
6. Repeat the same procedure for other radial lines.
7. Similarly shift the instrument s tat ion to other convenient place and c over the entire area.

Calculation:

1. Calculate the reduced level and horizontal distance of instrument station using tachometric
formulae.
2. Plot the radial lines and positions of the points on the desired scale and enter spot levels.
3. Calculate the reduced level for the intermediate points using interpolation.

A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G

RADIAL CONTOURING
BM =100 m
Instrument Station O
Ht. of Inst. =1.60 m
Staff Reading for BM =1.34 m
R.L. of O =100+1.34-1.60 =99.74 m
R.L. of Horizontal Sight =100+1.34 =101.34 m
Staff
Statio
n
Horizon
tal
Angle
Vertical
Angle
Stadia Readings

Stadia
Intercept
S
(m)
Horizontal
Distance
D
(m)
RIS
E
FALL R.L of
Staff
stadia

(m)
TR CR BR

0 0
1.750
150.0
0
A1
1.6
7
1.66 1.65 0.02 2 0.09
150.0
9
A2
2.0
8
2.06 2.045 0.03 3 0.4
150.0
5
A3 1.9 1.88 1.855 0.045 4.5 0.18
150.2
3
A4 2.3 2.27 2.24 0.06 6 0.39
149.8
4
A5
2.5
4
2.50 2.47 0.07 7 0.23
149.6
1
A6
2.8
5
2.80 2.77 0.08 8 0.30
149.3
1
A7
2.8
5
2.81 2.74 0.11 11 0.01
149.3
0
A8
3.0
3
2.98 2.9 0.13 13 0.17
149.1
3
B1
45 0
0.9
5
0.94 0.93 0.02 2 2.04
151.1
7
B2
1.3
5
1.33 1.31 0.04 4 0.39
150.7
8
B3
1.6
5
1.625 1.6 0.05 5
0.29
5
150.4
85
B4
1.9
8
1.95 1.91 0.07 7
0.32
5
150.1
6
B5
2.3
5
2.30 2.6 0.09 9 0.35
149.8
1
B6
2.8
8
2.83 2.78 0.1 10 0.53
149.2
8
B7
3.2
0
3.14 3.08 0.12 12 0.31
148.9
7
B8
3.5
2
3.45 3.37 0.15 15 0.31
148.6
6
C1
90 0
0.5
5
0.54 0.53 0.02 2 2.91
151.5
7
C2
10.
00
.98 0.96 0.04 4 0.44
150.1
3
A
N
N
A
C
I
V
I
L

B
L
O
G
C3
1.5
0
1.475 1.44 0.06 6
0.49
5
150.6
4
C4
2.0
5
2.01 1.95 0.07 7
0.53
5
150.1
05
C5
2.5
5
2.50 2.46 0.09 9 0.49
149.6
15
C6
3.0
55
2.995
2.9
35
0.12 12
0.49
5
149.1
2
C7
3.5
20
3.15 3.39 0.13 13
0.15
5
148.9
65
C8
3.9
0
3.83 3.755 0.15 15 0.68
148.2
85
D1
135 0
1.6
1
1.60 1.59 0.02 2 2.23
150.5
15
D2
1.7
6
1.75 1.73 0.03 3 0.15
150.3
65
D3
1.9
8
1.96 1.94 0.04 4 0.21
150.1
55
D4
2.1
5
2.11 2.10 0.05 5 0.15
150.0
05
D5
2.5
5
2.51 2.47 0.08 8 0.4
149.6
05
D6
2.9
8
2.93 2.89 0.09 9 0.42
149.1
85
D7
3.2
0
3.15 3.00 0.1 10 0.22
148.9
65
D8
3.5
5
3.49 3.43 0.12 12 0.34
148.6
5
E1
180 0
1.3
90
1.380 1.370 0.002 2 2.11
150.7
35
E2
1.6
65
1.650 1..635 0.003 3 0.27
150.4
65
E3
1.7
30
1.710 1.685 0.045 4.5 0.06
150.4
05
E4
1.8
75
1.850 1.820 0.55 5.5 0.14
150.2
65
E5
2.2
3
2.20 2.170 0.06 6 0.35
149.9
15
E6
2.4
0
2.355 2.310 0.09 9
0.15
5
149.7
6
E7
2.5
50
2.50 2.45 0.1 10
0.14
5
149.6
15
E8
3.0
9
3.03 2.97 0.12 12 0.53
149.0
85
F1
225 0
1.2
9
1.28 1.27 0.02 2 1.75
150.8
35
F2
1.9
5
1.93 1.915 0.035 3.5 0.65
150.1
85
F3 2.5 2.475 2.45 0.05 5
0.54
5
149.6
95
F4
2.9
5
2.915 2.88 0.07 7 0.44
149.2
05
F5
3.2
5
3.20 3.155 0.095 9.5
0.28
5
148.9
2
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F6
3.4
5
3.40 3.35 0.10 10 0.2
148.7
2
F7
3.7
5
3.69 3.62 0.13 13 0.29
148.4
3
F8 .95 3.92 3.8 0.15 15 0.23
148.2
0
G1
270 0
1.3
9
1.38 1.365 0.025 2.5 2.54
150.7
4
G2
1.4
2
1.40 1.38 0.04 4 0.02
150.7
2
G3
4.5
5
1.52 1.49 0.06 6 0.12
150.6
0
G4
1.6
8
1.645 1.61 0.07 7
0.12
5
150.4
75
G5
1.8
10
1.775 1.73 0.08 8 0.13
150.3
45
G6
1.9
5
1.905 1.86 0.09 9 0.13
150.2
15
G7
2.0
10
1.960 1.91 0.1 10
0.05
5
150.1
6
G8
2.2
30
2.170 2.12 0.11 11 0.21
149.9
5
H1
315 0
1.5
5
1.54 1.53 0.02 2 0.63
150.5
8
H2
1.6
8
1.66 1.64 0.04 4 0.12
150.4
6
H3
2.0
5
2.01 1.985 0.065 6.5 0.35
150.1
1
H4
2.5
5
2.43 2.47 0.08 8 0.42
149.6
9
H5
2.9
8
2.93 2.88 0.1 1 0.5
149.1
5
H6
2.2
5
3.195 3.14 0.11 11
0.26
5
148.9
25
H7
2.5
7
3.51 3.45 0.12 12
0.31
5
148.6
1
H8
2.9
50
3.885 3.82 0.13 13
0.38
5
148.2
25
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Result:

The contour map of plotted for the given area.

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DOUBLE THEODOLITE

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SETTING OUT OF A CURVE
TWO THEODOLITE METHOD

AIM:

To set the horizontal curve by deflection angle method, using two theodolite.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :

Theodolite
Ranging rods
Thread
Mallet
Tape
Pegs
Lime powder

PROPERTIES OF A CURVE :

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PROCEDURE:

1. Two Theodolite are placed, one at the point of curvatureT1 and other at the point of
curvature T2.Get temporary adjustment in both. The vernier A of each Theodolite set to
zero and clamp the upper plates.
2. Bisect the point of intersection, B from Theodolite at T1, and T1 from the Theodolite at T2
using the lower plate main screw and then its tangent screw. Now both the Theodolite are
properly oriented.
3. Open the upper plate main screw of the Theodolite at T1,and set the vernier A to the
deflection angle .The line of sight is now directed along the chord T1 a. Clamp the upper
plate.
4. Release the upper clamp of the Theodolite atT1,and set the vernier A to the deflection
angle .The line of sight is now directed along the chord T2a.Thus the lines of sight of both
the Theodolite are directed towards the point a.
5. Now, move a ranging rod or an arrow near the expected point a until it is bisected
simultaneously by the cross hairs of both the Theodolite. Locate the point a on the ground
at the arrow point and fix a peg at that point.
6. To locate the second point b. Set the verniers of both the Theodolite at angle Db and
repeat steps(3) to (5).
7. Locate all other points c,d,ein the same manner.

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CALCULATION AND OBSERVATION:
Radius = 50m
Deflection angle = 50
Chord length = 4m
Long chord length = 2Rsin /2

1) Tangent length = R tan /2
= 50 X tan 25
= 23.32m

2) Curve length = R /180
O

= 43.63m

3) Chain age of the first tangent point ,T
1
=1000 tangent length
=1000 - 23.32
=976.68m

4) Chain age of the second tangent point ,T
2
=T
1
+curve length
=976.68 +43.63 =1020.31m

5) length of the initial sub chord (l) =980- 976.68
=3.32m

6) Number of full chord length (4m) =43.63/4
=24.10m
Chain age covered =980 +10 X 4 =1020m

7) Length of final sub chord =1020.31 1020 =0.31m

8) Deflection angle for initial sub-chord (D
1
) =(1718.9 x 3.32)/50
=114.13 =1 5407

9) Deflection angle for full chord D
2
to D
11
=(1718.9 x 4 ) / 50
=137.512 m =2 1730

10) Angle for final sub- chord D
12
=(1718.9 x 0.31)/50
=10.657=0 1039

11) Arithmetic check:
Total deflection angle (
n
) =D
1
+10 x D +D
n

/2 =50 / 2 =25
(
n
) =1 5407 +(10 x 2 1730) +0 1039
=24 5946 =25

So the calculated deflection angles are correct

12) Field check:
Apex distance =R (sec /2 1)
=50((sec 25 1) =5.168 m

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TABULATION:

POINT

CHAINAGE

DEFLECTION
ANGLE FOR
CHORD

TOTAL
DEFLECTION
ANGLE
FROM
TANGENT(
1
)
TOTAL
DEFLECTION
ANGLE
FROM THE
CHORD (
2
)
T
1
976.68 - - -
P
1
980 1 5407 1 5407 1 5407
P
2
984 2 1730 4 1137 4 1137
P
3
988 2 1730 6 2840 6 2840
P
4
992 2 1730 8 4620 8 4620
P
5
996 2 1730 11 3140 11 3140
P
6
1000 2 1730 13 2120 13 2120
P
7
1004 2 1730 15 3840 15 3840
P
8
1008 2 1730 17 5620 17 5620
P
9
1012 2 1730 20 1340 20 1340
P
10
1016 2 1730 22 3120 22 3120
T
2
1020.31 0 1039 25 0000 25 0000

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RESULT :
The curve was plotted the ground by two Theodolite method and marked with chalk powder.

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TACHEOMETRIC METHOD

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SETTING OUT OF BUILDING

The operation here is to locate the design points of the structure to be constructed. When a
single building is to be constructed, its corners may be fixed by running a line between corners of
existing building and offsetting from this. However, where an existing building or features are not
available, the design points are co-ordinated in terms of site grid or base line. This can be
achieved by the following:

Setting out by polar co-ordinates:

In this process, angles and distances are measured; co-ordinates are calculated from the
data and a plan is drawn of the results. Before setting out any construction works, the
development plan is studied carefully and coordinates from selected points on the works are
obtained by some means. They may be scaled from a plan. Bearings and distances to these from
known survey stations are calculated and those data used to set out the proposed works.

By intersection:

With two Theodolite stationed at two stations of site grid, using bearings and checking the
intersection from a third station.

By offsetting: from base line :

Offset pegs: it has been illustrated that the corners of a building can be set out by polar
measurements from the stations of site of site grid. Corner pegs can then be driven in the ground.
However, during the Excavations of foundations, these corner pegs get dislocated. To avoid the
labour of relocation of these corner points, extra pegs, known as offset pegs are located on the
lines of the building but offset back from true corner points. The offset distance should be sufficient
so that offset pegs are not disturbed during earth work operations.

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FOUNDATION MARKING

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FOUNDATION MARKING

Ai m:

To set the centre line of two roomed buildings. It is necessary to mark the foundations width
on the ground for earth work excavation.

Apparatus required:

Theodolite
Ranging Rod
Thread
Mallet
Tape
Pegs
Lime powder

Specifications:

Hall : 7mx10m
Room 1: 5mx5m
Room 2: 5mx5m
Size of foundation : 0.46mx.46m
Thickness of wall : 0.23m
Method used : offset pegs

Procedure:

Initially the centre line of the longest outer wall of the building is marked on the ground by
stretching a string between the pegs driven at the ends
Now a base line is drawn and perpendicular lines are erected C1, C2, and C3 at the wall
junction.
Now the outer and inner wall lines are marked as C4, C5, and C6. The wall thickness is of
230mm.
Now using the centre point the foundation excavation is sketched out. By the use of a string
the foundation is marked on the ground.
From the given plan the other inner walls are sketched out. The inner walls are of 230mm
thickness. Finally the inner walls are set out on the ground.
Diagonals are constructed between C1 and C5, C2 and C4 and C3 and C5 are checked.
From the centre line pillars are constructed .The foundation is made around the centre line.

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B
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Result:
Thus setting out of building is laid on the ground as shown in the figure.

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TOTAL STATION

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TOTAL STATION

Introduction:
Total station is an electronic/optical instrument mainly applied in construction and civil
engineering field. Angles, distances, co ordinates and many advanced measurements are
accomplished by using trigonometry and triangulation. Downloading and uploading data are
available.

Purpose and uses:

Large and high resolution screen guarantees a clear display
Measure up to 100m in the reflector less mode
Extended internal memory accepts up to 50000 points
Handy EDM head
Electronic auto compensator
Equipped with advanced measurement programs and practical software
Possibility of red laser centring
Red laser directing ensures pinpoint accuracy in reflector less measurement
Easy and direct operation with the alphanumeric keyboard and the function keys
Long battery life up to 30 hours for angle measurement only
Rugged, durable, water and dust resistant design.
Technical Specications

ANGLE MEASUREMENT (Hz, V)
Accuracy 5"
Method Grating disk
Min. reading 1"
Standard deviation 2"
Compensation Vertical axis
Compensating range 3

Level parameter:
Circular level 8'/2mm
Plate level 30/2mm

TELESCOPE
Magnification 30Image Erect
Field of view 130(2.6%)
Min. focus 1.5m
Optical aperture 45mm
Length of sleeve 150mm
Resolution 3"
Distance of circles 71mm

DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Min. reading 1mm

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Reflector:
Measurement range (Good condition):
Single prism 4000m
Triple prism 7000m

Measurement accuracy (3+2ppmD)mm

Measurement time:
Fine measurement mode (Repeat) About 1.8sec. (First time 2.5sec)
Tracking measurement mode about 0.4sec. (First time 1.5sec)

Atmospheric correction:
input range -499ppm~+499ppmstep 1ppm
Prism constant correction -99mm~+99mm (step 1ppm)

Reflector less:
Measurement range (Kodak white) 100m
Measurement accuracy 5mm

Measurement time:
Fine measurement mode (Repeat) About 1.8sec. (first time 3sec)
Tracking measurement mode About 0.5sec. (first time 2sec)

DISPLAY
Screen type 4-line dot matrix LCD with backlight
Display unit Double sides

PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Battery power:
Voltage DC7.2V
Capacity:
Distance and angle
Measurement
Angle Measurement
Lithium battery BDC40L 4.0AH 4.5h 30h
temperature -20c
Dimension :190mm210mm350mm
Net weight :6.0kg
OTHERS
Interface RS232C
Waterproof /Dustproof protection IP54

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Standard specifications:

Main unit 1
Software 1
RS232 data cable 1
Rechargeable battery 2
Battery charger 1
Car charger 1
Tool kit 1
Dryer 1
Lint-free cloth 1
Brush 1
Screwdriver 1
Rain protector 1
Shoulder strap 1
Instruction manual 1
TIME certificate 1
Warranty card 1

GRAPHICAL VIEW

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EX NO 9 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL STATION
BY USING TOTAL STATION

AIM
To determine the area of the polygon by using total station.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Total station
Prism
Stand
Prism stand

DESCRIPTION

It is an electronic instrument that has a large accuracy and are mostly preferred in large
projects .It is less time consuming and overcomes human errors over a great extent making things
easier

PROCEDURE

Select the suitable station point such that all the points of the polygon is visible clearly.
Place the total station and level it and centre point of the station is noted.
Take the reference point and set the co-ordination (0, 0, and 0).
Place the prism on the first point and focus it and measure it for getting co-ordinates of that
point.
Similarly, get the co-ordinates of different points of the polygon.
Finally, place the prism at the first point and measure it for complete closed polygon.
Go to graphical view and see the polygon.
Go to calculation 2d area and get area of the polygon.

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STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED:

FLOW CHART

Level it

Change to mode B

S function

Set the co-ordinates (0,0,0) on reference point

Place the prism at point 1

Focus it and measure

Similarly for all the point and get co-ordinates

Finally, place the prism at first point for closed polygon

Calculation 2D area

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TABULATION:

POINTS

X- AXIS

Y- AXIS

Z- AXIS
A 9.620 2.675 1.565
B 6.850 30.496 1.559
C 4.436 43.923 1.532
D 35.229 105.301 1.579
E 71.434 106.102 1.524
F 75.459 84.241 1.570
G 77.736 57.351 1.541
H 80.605 25.019 1.519
I 9.592 2.631 1.561

TOTAL AREA= 6378.887m
2

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RESULT:

Thus the given area in measured as 6378.887m
2
.by using a total station.


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