Posterior pituitary gland: Doesnt make hormones only releases hormones produced in

hypothalamus. Releases ADH and OT. Nerve impulses travel don a!ons causing
hormone release.
Anterior pituitary gland: "ecretion o# hormones through hypohyseal portal system $%lood
vessels&. 'ranular tissue
Releasing hormones( prompt cells to release their hormones
)nhi%iting hormones( turn o## secretion
*a+or #unctions o# endocrine system: *aintains the internal environment o# the %ody in
normal ranges, secretes messenger molecules called hormones through %lood stream.
'roth o# the %ody, development o# reproductive organs, mo%ili-e %ody against stress
.ndocrine gland: ductless glands that secrete chemical signals
Hormone: a chemical signal
Target cell: cell that has proper reception #or a particular hormone
Receptor: proteins that dock a given hormone, / kinds, e!tracellular0 intracellular
"teroid hormones: lack secretary granules, secreted %y di##usion across plasma
mem%rane, lipid %ased and dock to intracellular receptors.
Amino acid %ased hormones: protein %ased, a%undant secretory granules, ater solu%le
and docks to e!tracellular receptors.
1 mechanisms #or hormone secretion control:
2& humoral stimuli: secretes in direct response to changing levels o# ions in %lood
/& neural: hormone releases %y neural input $#ight0#light&
1& hormonal: hormone release caused %y another hormone
Organs and tissues that make up endocrine system:
Hypothalamus: a%ove pituitary
Pituitary: hangs o## in#undi%ulum
Thyroid: a%ove trachea
Parathyroid: 3(4 pea shaped %ehind thyroid
Adrenal: a%ove each kidney
Pineal: roo# o# 1
rd
ventricle
Pancreas: %ehind stomach
Thymus: %ehind sternum
'onads: scrotum and loer a%domen
TH"( signals thyroid gland to secrete its on hormone, controls meta%olic rate
A5TH( help %ody cope ith stress
6"H( acts on gonads, se! hormones, in men sperm in omen ovarian #ollicles
7H( se! hormones, omen estrogen and progesterone and men testosterone
PR7( milk producing gland
'H( groth o# entire %ody $epiphyseal plates&
*"H( appetite suppression $cns&
ADH( stimulates kidney to resor% ater
OT( contraction o# smooth muscle o# reproductive organs
TH( t1 and t3 increases the %asal meta%olic rate
5alcitonin( loers %lood level o# calcium
PTH( increases %lood calcium level
*elatonin( regulates circadian rhythm
Adrenal medulla( releases epinephrine and norepiniphine hich enhance #ight or #light
response
Adrenal corte!:
coricosteriods8 ma+or steroid hormone
mineralocorticoids: loer 9:09P
glucocoticoids: help ith stress keeps glucose high
dehydropiandrosreone: unclear #unction
Thymosin: secretes t cells to #ight o## #oreign su%stance
Alpha: secretes glucogon to increase %lood sugar
9eta: secretes insulin decrease high %lood sugar