CRITICAL APPRAISAL

Judul : Nonpharmacological Interventions for ADHD:Systematic Review and

Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials of Dietary and
Psychological Treatments
Penulis : Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke, Ph.D., Daniel Brandeis, Ph.D., Samuele
Cortese, M.D., Ph.D., David Daley, Ph.D., Maite Ferrin, M.D., Ph.D.,
Martin Holtmann, M.D., Jim Stevenson, Ph.D., Marina Danckaerts,
M.D., Ph.D., Saskia van der Oord, Ph.D.
Nama Jurnal dan Tahun Terbit : American Journal Of Psychiatri & 2013

SCREENING QUESTIONS
1. Did the review address a clearly
focused issue?
HINT: An issue can be focused In
terms of
The population studied
The intervention given
Yes
Populasi dan intervensi diberikan
kepada pasien dengan gejala ADHD
atau yang telah terdiagnosis dengan
ADHD. Terdapat pada halaman 1 pada
bagian objective.
The authors undertook meta-analyses of
the efcacy of dietary (restricted
elimination diets, articial food color
exclusions, and free fatty acid
supplementation) and psychological
(cognitive training, neurofeedback, and
behavioral interventions) ADHD
treatments.
2. Did the authors use an appropriate
sort of papers?
Have an appropriate study design
(usually RCTs for papers evaluating
interventions)


Yes
Penggunaan metode penelitian sudah
tepat yaitu melakukan penelitian pada
studi-studi Randomize Control Trial.
Terdapat pada halaman 1 bagian
method.
The authors searched electronic
databases to identify published
randomized controlled trials that
involved individuals who were
diagnosed with ADHD (or who met a
validated cutoff on a recognized rating
scale) and that included an ADHD
outcome.

DETAILED Questions
3. Do you think the important,
relevant studies were included?
HINT: Look for
Personal contact with experts
Search for non-English language
studies
Yes
Penelitian dilakukan bersama para ahli
dan pencarian dilakukan dalam
berbagai bahasa selain Inggris, yaitu
Jerman, Spanyol, Belanda dan Cina.
Terdapat pada halaman 2 pada search
strategic.
Articles written in English, German,
Spanish, Dutch, and Chinese were
included in the search.
4. Did the reviews authors do
enough to assess the quality of the
included studies?
The authors need to consider the rigour
of the studies they have identified.
Lack of rigour may affect the studies
results.
Yes
Peneliti melakukan studi kelayakan,
dan ditinjau mulai dari judul, abstrak,
metode penilaian yang digunakan, dan
hasil akhirnya. Terdapat pada halaman
3 pada study selection.
Trials were blindly double-coded for
eligibility. Articles were initially
screened on the basis of titles and
abstracts, and assessment of articles for
nal inclusion was based on full text.


WHAT ARE THE RESULTS?
5. What is the overall result of the
review?
Consider
If you are clear about the review
results
How were the results expressed
(NNT, odds ratio, etc)
Pada penelitian ini, dijelaskan pada
bagian hasil di halaman 4, bahwa
makanan yang tidak mengandung
pewarna buatan dan asam lemak bebas
mampu memberikan perubahan dalam
gejala ADHD yang signifikan secara
statistik.
6. How about the results?
Are the results presented with
confidence intervals?
Pada penelitian ini, peneliti
menggunakan Confident Interval 95%.

WILL THE RESULTS HELP LOCALLY?
7. Can the results be applied to the
local population?
Consider whether
The patients covered by the review
could be sufficiently different from
your population to cause concern
Your local setting is likely to differ
much from that of the review
Yes
Dikarenakan tidak ada kriteria khusus
untuk populasi, cukup pasien yang
didiagnosis ADHD. Terdapat pada
bagian method di halaman 1.
8. Are the benefits worth the harms
and costs?
Even if this is not addressed by the
review, what do you think?
Manfaat dari penelitian ini sangat baik
dan mudah dilakukan, tidak
membutuhkan biaya yang mahal namun
dikatakan, memang agak sulit bila
diterapkan pada anak-anak yang
sensitive terhadap makanan tertentu.