UNIT 1 - PROFESSIONS.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

PRESENT PERFECT
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified
time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present
Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last
week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one
day, etc. You CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as:
ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet.
I have seen that movie ten times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

The Present Perfect Progressive or Continuous expresses an action that
recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course
of the action.

Positive Negative Question
I / you / we /
they
I have been
speaking.
I have not been
speaking.
Have I been
speaking?
he / she / it He has been
speaking.
He has not been
speaking.
Has he been
speaking?




ONLINE EDUCATION 2010 All rights reserved
UNIT 1 - PROFESSIONS.
LANGUAGE FOCUS

NEITHER NOR
Neither nor is used in sentences to express that two actions or people are
excluded. Neither one nor the other does an action. Nouns connected by
'neither nor' take either a plural or singular verb depending on the noun
(singular or plural) closer to the verb. The verb should always be in the
affirmative.
I liked neither the salary nor the schedule.
Neither the salary nor the schedule was reasonable.
Neither the salary nor the extra benefits are going to convince him to accept
the job.
EITHER OR
Either or is used in sentences that present an alternative. Either one or
the other subject does a given action. Subjects connected by 'either or' take
either a plural or singular verb depending on the subject (singular or plural)
closer to the verb.
You can either work in the morning or in the afternoon.
You can either speak English or German. He knows both languages.
Either the manager or his assistants are going to attend the presentation.
ONLINE EDUCATION 2010 All rights reserved
UNIT 1 - PROFESSIONS.
LANGUAGE FOCUS

ON THE ONE HAND... ON THE OTHER HAND
You can say on the one hand before describing one of two contrasting ideas,
options, or opinions, and then say on the other hand before describing the
other one.
On the one hand, being an independent worker gives you a lot of freedom.
On the other hand, you never know if you will be able to make ends meet.

ONLINE EDUCATION 2010 All rights reserved