HACIA UN NUEVO ENFOQUE HACIA UN NUEVO ENFOQUE

DEL CONTROL SOCIAL Y LA DEL CONTROL SOCIAL Y LA

PARTICIPACIN CIUDADANA PARTICIPACIN CIUDADANA
Frank Castillo Salazar Frank Castillo Salazar
Contralor Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a Contralor Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a
0
A tra$#s !l ti%&o' la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a' n %atria !
Control So(ial' st,$o s,%i!a n (irtas (on(&(ions tra!i(ionalistas-
En l %ar(o ! las n,$as (on(&(ions !l Control So(ial' s to%a n
(,nta al (i,!a!ano (o%o &rin(i&al nt .is(aliza!or tanto ! la
.i(in(ia n la &rsta(i)n ! sr$i(ios &*+li(os' (o%o ! las /stions'
&asa!as' &rsnts 0 .,t,ras' ! (ar1(tr in!i$i!,al o (ol(ti$o-
La Contralora General del Estado Mrida La Contralora General del Estado Mrida atn!in!o a las n,$as
tn!n(ias 0 n &ro ! ,na (onstant a(t,aliza(i)n (on $isi)n ! .,t,ro' a(o/ (on
antriori!a! a la &ro%,l/a(i)n ! la Constit,(i)n ! la R&*+li(a 2oli$ariana !
Vnz,la' n,$as !ir(tri(s n (,anto a la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana s r.ir 0 l
&a&l .,n!a%ntal 3, 4,/an las Contralor5as So(ials n l Control ! la Gsti)n
P*+li(a-
Esta Contralor5a (o%&art l (ritrio 6&rsa!o &or l a(t,al Contralor Gnral
! la R&*+li(a' al r.rir lo si/,int7 8el rol de controlar y fiscalizar la accin
administrativa corresponde a todos los ciudadanos, lo cual en su cuantificacin ms simple
significa que en el pas existen alrededor de 23 millones de contralores. Afirmacin que le da
contenido al eslogan que encarna nuestra imagen: Contralores somos todos.
Contralores somos todos significa que quien es responsale de las atriuciones que le
confieren el ordenamiento legal y reglamentario, seamos servidores p!licos en distintas
escalas "errquicas de la administracin o ciudadanos veedores de la actuacin de los
administradores, deemos traa"ar con diligencia y #onestidad para que sea una realidad la
transparencia en el mane"o de los fondos y recursos de la $acin. %ontralores somos todos no
es una expresin vaca: representa nuestra conviccin institucional y una manera de inculcar a
cada ciudadano el deer de participar&.
'
En st snti!o' (a+ s9alar' 3, la Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a'
:a(ia l a9o ;<<<' s&(5.i(a%nt l = ! no$i%+r' (on(i+ la .i/,ra ! los
Contralors Co%,nitarios n l Esta!o' %!iant Rsol,(i)n N> ??' !l !o(tor L,5s
Vl1s3,z Al$ara0' n (on(or!an(ia (on l art5(,lo ; ! la L0 ! Contralor5a Gnral
!l Esta!o "#ri!a- Esta Rsol,(i)n r/,la+a la .i/,ra ! los Contralors
Co%,nitarios' (o%o s,4tos i%&ortants ! &arti(i&a(i)n n l 4r(i(io !l (ontrol'
1
CLODOS2ALDO RUSSI@N UAC@TEGUI- Contralor Gnral ! la R&*+li(a- In.or% ! Gsti)n ?BB=-
1
$i/ilan(ia 0 .is(aliza(i)n' 3, &ro%,$n la .i(in(ia 0 .i(a(ia n l %an4o ! los
r(,rsos &*+li(os-
Una $z $i/nt la Constit,(i)n ! ;<<<' la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana a!3,ir
ran/o Constit,(ional' la Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a' a4,sta s, str,(t,ra
or/aniza(ional 0 l ;? ! s&ti%+r !l a9o ?BBB (ra la Oficina de Atencin al Oficina de Atencin al
Ciudadano Ciudadano' (o%o l )r/ano rs&onsa+l ! atn!r 0 orintar a 3,ins asistan a la
Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a &ara la rsol,(i)n ! as,ntos !tr%ina!os'
as5 (o%o r(i+ir las !n,n(ias' r(la%os' s,/rn(ias 0 &ti(ions 3, .or%,ln los
(i,!a!anos' (,0a atn(i)n sa (o%&tn(ia ! la Contralor5a 0' ! no rs,ltar
&ro(!nt s r%iti!o a los )r/anos (o%&tnts-
El art5(,lo CD ! la L0 ! la Contralor5a
Gnral ! la R&*+li(a 0 !l Sist%a Na(ional ! Control Fis(al' sta+l(7
8El Contralor Gnral ! la R&,+li(a' %!iant rsol,(i)n 3, s &,+li(ara n la Ga(ta
O.i(ial ! la R&,+li(a 2oli$ariana ! Vnz,la' !i(tara las nor%as !stina!as a .o%ntar
la &arti(i&a(i)n ! los (i,!a!anos' :a(in!o s&(ial #n.asis n los si/,ints as&(tos7
;- Atn!r las ini(iati$as ! la (o%,ni!a! n l &ro(so ! &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana
n l (ontrol .is(alE
?- Or!nar' !iri/ir' sist%atizar 0 $al,ar las !n,n(ias (i,!a!anasE
F- Esta+l(r strat/ias ! &ro%o(i)n ! la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana &ara
(oa!0,$ar a la $i/ilan(ia ! la /sti)n .is(alE
=- Pro%o$r %(anis%os ! (ontrol (i,!a!ano n &ro0(tos ! alto i%&a(to
(on)%i(o' .inan(iro 0 so(ial-G
As5 %is%o' n (on(or!an(ia (on l art5(,lo ;H= ! la Constit,(i)n ! la
R&*+li(a 2oli$ariana ! Vnz,la' s &ro%,$ la &arti(i&a(i)n sist%1ti(a'
o+4ti$a 0 $ol,ntaria ! la &o+la(i)n or/aniza!a a tra$#s ! los 8Contralors
Co%,nitariosG' .i/,ra 0a (on(+i!a 0 r/,la!a n la Rsol,(i)n N> ?? ! la
Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a' &ara $lar &or3, los &ro(sos !
Plani.i(a(i)n 0 E4(,(i)n ! Pro0(tos 3, +n.i(in a las (o%,ni!a!s s rali(n
2
Medios de Participacin.
BUZN DE DENUNCIAS
n (on!i(ions ! (ali!a!' ti%&o 0 (ostos (on$ni!os 0 n (aso (ontrario &ro&i(iar la
a&li(a(i)n ! a((ions (orr(ti$as &or &art ! las a,tori!a!s (o%&tnts-
Ds! nton(s' a tra$#s ! la O.i(ina ! Atn(i)n al Ci,!a!ano' la instit,(i)n
:a !iri/i!o ,n /ran s.,rzo n +rin!ar a&o0o a la (o%,ni!a! %ri!9a &ara 3, !
.or%a or/aniza!a 0 (on4,nta rali( l tra+a4o ! $al,a(i)n' (ontrol 0 s/,i%into !
las o+ras 0 &ro/ra%as so(ials 3, a!lanta l E4(,ti$o R/ional- As,%in!o (on
/ran snti!o ! rs&onsa+ili!a! 0 (o%&ro%iso %oral la (a&a(ita(i)n ! los
(i,!a!anos 0 (i,!a!anas' n .,n(i)n ! insrtarlo n los n,$os s3,%as !
(a%+io 3, i%&on la a(ti$i!a! ! (ontrol' la (,al s :a i!o 6&an!in!o ant la
6&(tati$a ! ,na so(i!a! 3, r(la%a (a!a $z %1s l !r(:o a sr in.or%a!a a
(r(a !l ,so 3, s l !a al !inro &*+li(o-
As5' la !ir((i)n' ! la Contralor5a !l Esta!o :a %&rn!i!o ,na &ol5ti(a !
int/ra(i)n 0 a&rt,ra :a(ia las (o%,ni!a!s' (on l .in ! s,%inistrar las
:rra%intas n(sarias n las 1ras ! .or%a(i)n' s,&r$isi)n 0 .is(aliza(i)n ! los
&lans ! !sarrollo-
Lo 3, :a si/ni.i(a!o' no s)lo la raliza(i)n ! $isitas &rsonaliza!as a (a!a
lo(ali!a!' s(tor o %,ni(i&io !l Esta!o' sino ta%+i#n la or/aniza(i)n ! r,nions'
tallrs 0 .oros &ara +rin!ar la .or%a(i)n t#(ni(oIa!%inistrati$a n(saria &ara 3, los
Contralors So(ials' l/i!os &or #stas &,!an 4r(r ,na la+or o+4ti$a 0 n a&o0o
al r/ano ! Control Fis(al-
3
FORMACION DE CONTRAORES SOCIAES
Ta!!eres de ind"ccin a !as co#"nidades
La L0 Contra la Corr,&(i)n JG-O-R-2-V- N> D-KFC E6t- ! .(:a C !
a+ril ! ?BBFL n s, art5(,lo < !is&on la o+li/a(i)n ! to!os los nts 0
or/anis%os !l &o!r &*+li(o ! (rar las o.i(inas ! atn(i)n al &*+li(o
o ! atn(i)n (i,!a!ana' !on! s in.or%ar1 so+r la ,tiliza(i)n ! los
+ins 0 l /asto ! los r(,rsos 3, int/ran l &atri%onio &*+li(o 0
3, s !+r5a &onr a la !is&osi(i)n ! (,al3,ir &rsona ,n in.or%
!talla!o ! .1(il %an4o 0 (o%&rnsi)n' so+r l &atri%onio 3,
a!%inistran (on la !s(ri&(i)n 0 4,sti.i(a(i)n ! s, ,tiliza(i)n-
(as oficinas de atencin al ciudadano, estrategia promovida por el )rganismo
%ontralor para incentivar a los ciudadanos a participar en el control de la gestin p!lica,
mediante la denuncia de presuntos #ec#os irregulares en el uso y mane"o de los recursos por
parte de los administradores, incluidas posteriormente en la (ey %ontra la %orrupcin, #an
demostrado su efectividad como instrumento de participacin, pues lograron con una visin
educativa y orientadora renovar el derec#o de los ciudadanos a controlar el mane"o de los
recursos p!licos&.
2
Atn!in!o a los (a%+ios 3, s $inn !an!o tanto n la so(i!a!
$nzolana' (o%o n l %ar(o 4,r5!i(o 3, la a+ri/a' la Contralor5a Gnral !l
Esta!o "#ri!a' :a %antni!o ,na (onstant s,&r$isi)n ! los &ro/ra%as 0 o+ras
3, ll$a a (a+o l Go+irno R/ional' in$itan!o (onstant%nt a las (o%,ni!a!s a
int/rars n l (ontrol .is(al' 0a 3, a tra$#s !l (ontralor (o%,nitario 0 la
in(or&ora(i)n ! las or/aniza(ions $(inals s /arantiza la in$rsi)n n +n.i(io
! la (ol(ti$i!a!-
A tra$#s ! la O.i(ina ! Atn(i)n al Ci,!a!ano' la Contralor5a Gnral !l
Esta!o "#ri!a' %antin ,na (onstant %oti$a(i)n ! las (o%,ni!a!s &ara la
!si/na(i)n ! los Contralors Co%,nitarios' raz)n &or la (,al ., !is9a!o ,n
%atrial i%&rso 3, s ntr/a a los !iri/nts $(inals' l,/o ! &ro&i(iar
r,nions ! tra+a4o &ara sta+l(r los %4ors %(anis%os ! &arti(i&a(i)n
(i,!a!ana n l (ontrol .is(al-
2
CLODOS2ALDO RUSSI@N UAC@TEGUI- Contralor Gnral ! la R&*+li(a- In.or% ! Gsti)n ?BB=
4

El Control Co%,nitario' $isto !s! ,na &rs&(ti$a ! n,$o %o!lo &ol5ti(o 0
so(ial !l &a5s' ntr/a a la &o+la(i)n ,na rs&onsa+ili!a! &rota/)ni(a n la to%a !
!(isions- D %anra s&(ial' l %ar(o 4,r5!i(o $nzolano :a 6&ri%nta!o
(a%+ios si/ni.i(ati$os 3, !an a&rt,ra a la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana' +,s(an!o &or
llo la a(ti$a(i)n ! las or/aniza(ions $(inals &ara $in(,larlas al (ontrol !ir(to !
la /sti)n &*+li(a-
El Control Co%,nitario s nton(s' ,na rs&onsa+ili!a! (i,!a!ana 3,
i%&li(a la &arti(i&a(i)n sist%1ti(a' o+4ti$a 0 $ol,ntaria ! la &o+la(i)n &ara $lar &or
la .i(a(ia 0 .i(in(ia ! la /sti)n &*+li(a-
METAS LOGRADAS METAS LOGRADAS
5
INSPECCIN DE
OBAS !
POGAMAS
SOCIALES CON LAS
COM"NIDADES
Ca+ s9alar (o%o %tas lo/ra!as &or la O.i(ina ! Atn(i)n al Ci,!a!ano' las
si/,ints7
aL "oti$a(i)n' &ro%o(i)n in(or&ora(i)n ! las (o%,ni!a!s or/aniza!as n
l &ro(so ! &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana &ara (oa!0,$ar a la $i/ilan(ia ! la
Gsti)n Fis(al-
+L I%&l%nta(i)n ! las Contralor5as Co%,nitarias &ara lo/rar la
&arti(i&a(i)n ! la (o%,ni!a! or/aniza!a n la $al,a(i)n 0 (ontrol ! las
o+ras 0 &ro/ra%as so(ials 3, s 4(,tan-
(L La atn(i)n &rsonal 0 !ir(ta ! to!os los (i,!a!anos 3, :an asisti!o a
la Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o' n +,s(a ! sol,(ions &ara ,n as,nto
s&(5.i(o' rla(iona!o (on las (o%&tn(ias ! st Or/anis%o-
!L Esta+l(i%into ! ,n (onta(to !ir(to 0 (onstant (on los in.or%ants'
&ara noti.i(arls so+r las a(t,a(ions 3, :a( #sta o.i(ina' (on rs&(to
a las !n,n(ias .or%,la!as-
D tals a(ti$i!a!s' s !s&rn!n !s! s, ini(io :asta la .(:a' las
si/,ints sta!5sti(as7 J*ala '+-
A#os $%%% $%%& $%%$ $%%' $%%( $%%)
Visitas 0Mo atn(i)n a las
(o%,ni!a!s-
=< DF CH C< <D ;D?
Dn,n(ias r(i+i!as !on! la
Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o
"#ri!a tin (o%&tn(ia-
H= KC ?D ?K ?H ?C
Planta%intos r(i+i!os !on! la
Contralor5a Gnral ! Esta!o "#ri!a
no tin (o%&tn(ia
;H FC ;K ;= BK B=
Tallr ! in!,((i)n a las (o%,ni!a!s ?F =K HH ;?B ;F? ;H=
Tabla 1
6
Prosi/,in!o (on l o+4ti$o ! in(nti$ar la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana' st
r/ano ! Control Fis(al E6trno' n .(:a FB ! %arzo ! ?BB=' s/*n Rsol,(i)n
! la Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a N> <F' (ra la Gerencia de Gerencia de
Partici*acin Ciudadana + Medios Alternati,os Partici*acin Ciudadana + Medios Alternati,os' &or %!io ! #sta' s
%atrializa la &arti(i&a(i)n ! la (i,!a!an5a s/*n lo !is&,sto n la Constit,(i)n !
la R&,+li(a 2oli$ariana ! Vnz,la' n la L0 Or/1ni(a ! la Contralor5a Gnral
! la R&,+li(a 0 !l Sist%a Na(ional !l Control Fis(al' 0 l rsto !l or!na%into
l/al 3, r/,la la %atria a o+4to ! 6tn!r l 4r(i(io !l (ontrol .is(al a la
so(i!a! (i$il- Tin (o%o o+4ti$os los si/,ints7
A- Atn!r las !n,n(ias &rsnta!as &or los (i,!a!anos 0Mo la (o%,ni!a!
or/aniza!a- -
2- In.or%ar a los (i,!a!anos so+r la ,tiliza(i)n ! los +ins 0 l /asto !
los r(,rsos 3, int/ran l &atri%onio &*+li(o !l Po!r P,+li(o !l
Esta!o "#ri!a-
C- Coor!inar las $isitas !l Contralor a los !i.rnts %,ni(i&ios !l Esta!o
"#ri!a' (on l .in ! .ortal(r la a((i)n ! (ontrol .is(al-
D- In(nti$ar la tara (ontralora n las (o%,ni!a!s' a tra$#s ! la
(a&a(ita(i)n' tallrs' s%inarios' 0 (,rsos' 3, (on la (ola+ora(i)n 0
(on$nios (on nts !l ni$l Na(ional' la ESUCOF 0 l FONVIS' (onll$n
a ,n (ontrol ! (ali!a! ! la /sti)n &or &art ! las (o%,ni!a!s 0 &or
n! al +,n !stino 0 ,so ! los r(,rsos &*+li(os-
7
Gerencia de Partici*acin Ciudadana
Entr las %tas lo/ra!as &or la Grn(ia ! Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana 0 "!ios
Altrnati$os' s !sta(a lo si/,int7
"oti$a(i)n' &ro%o(i)n in(or&ora(i)n ! las (o%,ni!a!s %ri!9as
or/aniza!as n l &ro(so ! &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana &ara (oa!0,$ar a la
$i/ilan(ia ! la /sti)n .is(al-
I%&l%nta(i)n ! las Contralor5as Co%,nitarias &ara lo/rar la &arti(i&a(i)n
! la (o%,ni!a! or/aniza!a n la $al,a(i)n 0 (ontrol ! las o+ras 0
&ro/ra%as so(ials 3, s 4(,tan-
La atn(i)n &rsonal 0 !ir(ta a to!os los (i,!a!anos 3, :an asisti!o a la
Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o' n +,s(a ! sol,(ions &ara ,n as,nto
s&(i.i(o' rla(iona!o (on las (o%&tn(ias ! st r/ano-
Esta+l(i%into ! ,n (onta(to !ir(to 0 (onstant (on los in.or%ants' &ara
noti.i(arls so+r las a(t,a(ions 3, raliza la Grn(ia ! Parti(i&a(i)n
Ci,!a!ana 0 "!ios Altrnati$os (on rs&(to a las !n,n(ias .or%,la!as-
S or/anizo l I S%inario Na(ional ! Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana n l Control
Fis(al !on! s ll$o a (a+o la &ri%ra !is(,si)n !l &ro0(to ! L0 ! los
Contralors Co%,nitarios 0 (ont) (on la &arti(i&a(i)n !l Contralor Gnral !
la R&,+li(a' S,+I(ontralora' Contralors ! Esta!o' !i&,ta!os a la Asa%+la
Na(ional 0 (o%,ni!a! n /nral' r,nin!o a %1s ! DBB asistnts-
Atn!in!o (on lo sta+l(i!o n l arti(,lo ;H= ! la Constit,(i)n Na(ional 0
l arti(,lo CD ! la L0 ! la Contralor5a Gnral ! la R&,+li(a 0 !l Sist%a
Na(ional ! Control Fis(al n los (,als s &ro%,$ la &arti(i&a(i)n
sist%1ti(a' o+4ti$a 0 $ol,ntaria ! la &o+la(i)n or/aniza!a' la Contralor5a
Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a a tra$#s ! la O.i(ina ! Atn(i)n al Ci,!a!ano
$in ralizan!o ins&((ions a las o+ras 0 &ro/ra%as so(ials 3, $in
a!lantan!o l Go+irno R/ional n los !i.rnts %,ni(i&ios !l Esta!o
"#ri!a-
S :an r(i+i!o i%&ortants $isitas ! Contralors Esta!als 0 ",ni(i&als'
3,ins :an %ani.sta!o s, intr#s n la &ro!,(ti$a tara 3, sta .(t,an!o
la Contralor5a Gnral !l Esta!o "#ri!a rs&(to a la l((i)n 0 .or%a(i)n !
los Contralors Co%,nitarios
8
En %!io ! la 6&rin(ia 3, :a tni!o la Contralor5a !l
Esta!o' a!%1s ! sr &ionra n la .or%a(i)n ! (ontralors
(o%,nitarios' s tra+a4aron ,na sri ! .a(tors 3, s .,ron
s,s(itan!o n l (a%ino' ! los (,als &,! rsaltars los
si/,ints as&(tos7
De-ilidades.
a- La .alta ! instr,%nta(i)n l/al' 3, !sarroll los &rin(i&ios
(onstit,(ionals ! la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n l Control So(ial- Ello
tra (o%o (ons(,n(ia' ,n $a(5o n (,anto a las !ir(tri(s 3, !+n
tnr (o%o 4 los (ontralors (o%,nitarios a la :ora ! 4r(r l
(ontrol so(ial-
+- El Contralor so(ial' s ,n a/nt a(ti$o ! las (o%,ni!a!s' (,0a la+or
la 4r( ad honorem 0 no (on %iras a o+tnr +n.i(ios in!i$i!,als'
intrss &rsonals' sino' n .,n(i)n ! ,n +n.i(io (ol(ti$o- En st
5t%' s n(sario rsaltar 3, sta .iloso.5a ! sr$i(io a (a%+io ! ,n
+n.i(io ! (ar1(tr r%,nrati$o' s $in /stan!o !s! /o+irnos
antriors' 3, l4os ! in(nti$ar l tra+a4o ! (ontrol n .,n(i)n ! ,n
%4or ,so ! los r(,rsos' .o%nt) ,na &ol5ti(a ! +n.i(ios
in!i$i!,als 0 no (ol(ti$os' %1s all1 !l !stino 3, &,!isn tnr-
Con la Constit,(i)n ! ;<<<' la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana s :a(
rl$ant 0 .,n!a%ntal' s trata !l (i,!a!ano 3, sta atnto a lo 3,
9
I SEMINARIO DE
PARTICIPACIN
CIUDADANA EN E
CONTRO FISCA
s,(! a s, alr!!or n %atria ! a!%inistra(i)n &*+li(a' $i/ila &or
3, los r(,rsos san ,tiliza!os &ara l .in 3, s !stinaron' 3, las
o+ras san 4(,ta!as' t(- El Control ! la Gsti)n P*+li(a s (on(i+
(o%o ,n !r(:o 0 ,n !+r-
(- La &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n l (ontrol ! la /sti)n' !+ tnr s,
raz)n ! sr n ,n intr#s ! (ar1(tr (ol(ti$o 0 no ! (ar1(tr
&arti!ista o (o%o +an!ra &ol5ti(a- En st snti!o (a+ !(ir 3, ,no
! los .,n!a%ntos 3, !+ r/ir la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana s la
i/,al!a! ! to!os 0 l !r(:o ! to!os a sr a(ti$os (ontrola!ors'
in!&n!int%nt ! las tn!n(ias &ol5ti(oI&arti!istas 3, tn/an
(a!a ,no' 0 a tals .(tos' l intr#s !+ star !iri/i!o al +in (o%*n
0 no a .a$or(r ,n s(tor , otro-
A/ena0as.
a- Ds(on.ianza ! los Ci,!a!anos (on rs&(to a las Instit,(ions 0
Or/anis%os a (a,sa !l rtraso &ara &ro(sar las !n,n(ias
&rsnta!as 0 !arls rs&,sta o&ort,na-
+- La no &r%ann(ia n l ti%&o ! (a%&a9as &ro%otoras
in(nti$a!otas 3, !,3,n in.or%n al (i,!a!ano n %atria !
Control So(ial-
(- La (arn(ia ! ,n %ar(o 4,r5!i(o 3, s,stnt 0 .ortalz(a la la+or !
los Contralors (o%,nitarios' ! (on.or%i!a! (on l art5(,lo CD ! la
LCGRSNCF' &or %!io !l (,al &,!an or/anizars 0 sta+l(rs
&lans ! a((i)n (laros 0 (ntra!os-
1ortale0as.
a- La Constit,(i)n ! ;<<<' la (,al sta+l( ,na !%o(ra(ia &arti(i&ati$a'
!an!o a la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana ,n &a&l .,n!a%ntal n la
$i/ilan(ia 0 (ontrol ! la Gsti)n P*+li(a' as5 (o%o n otros &ro(sos !
intr#s /nral- En $irt,! ! llo' :a0 %atrias (on rs&(to a las (,als
10
l &,+lo no n(sita r&rsntants &ara a(t,ar n l 4r(i(io ! los
Po!rs P*+li(os' sino 3, &,! :a(rlo &or si %is%o' (o%o s,(!
(on las 3, son o+4to !l r.r#n!,%
+- El &rin(i&io ! Rn!i(i)n ! C,ntas7 .i/,ra #sta 3, &r%it a los
(ontralors (o%,nitarios 6i/ir 0 star (o%&ro%ti!os a l,(:ar n alto
/ra!o &or la .i(a(ia 0 (orr(ta a!%inistra(i)n ! los .on!os &*+li(os
!stina!os &ara sr in$rti!os n (a!a s&a(io /o/r1.i(o- A tal .(to'
s &r.ila st &rin(i&io !s! l &,nto ! $ista ! los (ontralors
(o%,nitarios' (o%o ,n a&o0o al o+4ti$o ! sanar la a!%inistra(i)n
&,+li(a 0 (ontrarrstar &osi+l !s$ia(ions ! r(,rsos-
(-
Para %4orar ,n &o(o l !s%&9o ! sta la+or' 0 orintar a 3,ins as,%n la
rs&onsa+ili!a! ! sr 8Contralors Co%,nitariosG' s &rsntaron al/,nas
orinta(ions i%&ortants' a %o!o ! 8"an,alG' n l (,al s 6&,siron los
si/,ints t)&i(os7
F,n!a%nto L/al ! los Contralors Co%,nitarios-
Prin(i&ios 3, !+n r/ir a los Contralors Co%,nitarios-
O+4ti$o ! los Contralors Co%,nitarios-
Dis&osi(ions Gnrals (on rla(i)n al %an,al ! los Contralors
Co%,nitarios-
D la l((i)n o !si/na(i)n-
D las .,n(ions 0 a,sn(ias !l Contralor o Contralora (o%,nitario-
Dis&osi(ions Finals-
11
EL CON2OL SOCIAL CON "NA 3ISIN DE EL CON2OL SOCIAL CON "NA 3ISIN DE
1"2"O 1"2"O- -
En l (ont6to /lo+al' 6ist ,na tn!n(ia %,n!ial rs&(to a la i%&ortan(ia
! la &arti(i&a(i)n 0 al %is%o ti%&o s :a in(r%nta!o .,rt%nt' n l *lti%o
!(nio' n %,(:os &a5ss' la $alora(i)n ! la so(i!a! (i$il' al sr (onsi!ra!a &or
los or/anis%os (on)%i(os intrna(ionals' !l sist%a ! Na(ions Uni!as 0 !
(oo&ra(i)n intrna(ional' l .a(tor %1s i%&ortant &ara l !sarrollo (on)%i(o 0
a%+intal%nt s,stnta+l' as5 (o%o &ara la /o+rna+ili!a! 0 ,na !%o(ra(ia
sal,!a+l-
En los *lti%os a9os' los (i,!a!anos ! los r/5%ns !%o(r1ti(os :an
(a%+ia!o s,s !%an!as- S :a &asa!o !s! !%an!as orinta!as a la satis.a((i)n
! n(si!a!s' a !%an!as ! %a0or a((so 0 $oz n l 4r(i(io !l &o!r- Estos
(a%+ios' s9alan n,$os rtos 3, !+n sr (onsi!ra!os' (on l o+4to ! as,%ir 0
r(a+ar instit,(ional%nt las n,$as !%an!as- Una ! las %1s i%&ortants
!%an!as tin 3, $r (on la &osi+ili!a! ! &arti(i&ar !ir(ta%nt n l 4r(i(io
!l &o!r &ol5ti(o- La &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n as,ntos instit,(ionals s &lanta n
$arios ni$ls- En &ri%r l,/ar' st1 l 4r(i(io ! la &arti(i&a(i)n orinta!a a &ro!,(ir
r&rsnta(i)n- Es l (aso !l 4r(i(io !l !r(:o a $oto- En s/,n!o l,/ar' la
&arti(i&a(i)n n l 1%+ito instit,(ional na(ional- En tr(r l,/ar' la &arti(i&a(i)n n las
!(isions &ol5ti(as !l 1%+ito lo(al- Los 1%+itos ! &arti(i&a(i)n !ir(ta s &lantan
(o%o ,na .or%a ! (o%&l%ntar a!(,a!a%nt n,stra !%o(ra(ia r&rsntati$a
(on r.or%as &ro&ias ! ,na l)/i(a ! !%o(ra(ia !ir(ta-
12
Es ! rl$an(ia l &a&l 3, $in !s%&9an!o los Contralors So(ials
n la /sti)n &*+li(a' aso(ia!a #sta al rol !l (i,!a!ano J(o%o &art5(i& 0 (o%o
,s,arioL n las !(isions 0 /stions aso(ia!as a la i%&l%nta(i)n ! a((ions
&*+li(as- Entr las razons 3, &ro0(tan la i%&ortan(ia ! in(or&orar a los
(i,!a!anos n l rol (onstit,(ional ! sr (ontralors ! la /sti)n &*+li(a' s
n(,ntran las si/,ints7 La a(ti$i!a! (ontralora' (o%o ,n $alor n s5 %is%o' &ro&io
! (a!a (i,!a!anoE la (ontri+,(i)n 3, #st a&orta a la (onsoli!a(i)n !%o(r1ti(aE
(ontri+,0 n +,na %!i!a al #6ito ! las &ol5ti(as &*+li(asE &ro%,$ la 3,i!a! 0
la soli!ari!a!E &r.((iona la /sti)n &*+li(a 0 .orti.i(a l (a&ital so(ial-
C,an!o s a+or!a l &a&l ! los (ontralors so(ials %!iant (anals
instit,(ionals' s i%&ortant !sta(ar 3, n +,na %!i!a' llo !&n! no solo !
la !is&osi(i)n 0 a(tit,! ! los (i,!a!anos' sino ta%+i#n !l %ar(o ! las &ol5ti(as
&*+li(as 3, lo &ro%,$n- Para llo s n(sario r&otn(iar ,na sri ! &rin(i&ios
0 (ritrios 3, &r%itan :a(r ! #sta ,n 4r(i(io &r%annt n l ti%&o 0 ,na
rs&onsa+ili!a! (i,!a!ana' (o%o !r(:o 0 (o%o !+r' sin &r!r s, (ar1(tr li+r 0
$ol,ntario- Para llo !+n tnrs &rsnt las si/,ints (onsi!ra(ions7
Un &ro(so ! !s(ntraliza(i)n' 3, r(onoz(a la n(si!a! ! a(r(ar l
Esta!o a la (o%,ni!a!' +,s(an!o 3, #sta tn/a in(i!n(ia n l !is9o'
4(,(i)n 0 $al,a(i)n ! la /sti)n &*+li(a-
La !%o(ratiza(i)n ! to!as las instan(ias 0 ni$ls ! or/aniza(i)n-
Nn.asis n l !sarrollo lo(al- En (,anto a st (on(&to' 3, .or%a &art !
las r(o%n!a(ions !a!as &or las Na(ions Uni!as &ara l (ontinnt' (a+
in!i(ar 3, #stas s n(ontrar5an !iri/i!as :a(ia o+4ti$os ! in(r%nto ! la
!s(ntraliza(i)n' .ortal(i%into ! los s&a(ios lo(als' !%o(ratiza(i)n 0
&arti(i&a(i)n ! la (o%,ni!a!- Da!o 3, las taras &ro&,stas (ristalizan n la
/sti)n &*+li(a' la &arti(i&a(i)n ! la (o%,ni!a! a&ar( (o%o (ritrio
.,n!a%ntal ! las &ol5ti(as &*+li(as- En l !is9o ! tals &ol5ti(as' la
&arti(i&a(i)n a(t*a (o%o l (ritrio 3, +,s(a sti%,lar a to!os los s(tors 0
a(tors so(ials n l &ro(so ! %o!rniza(i)n-
F

La i!nti!a! lo(al- Rs&(to a st (on(&to' s &osi+l s9alar 3, ,na !
las (ara(tr5sti(as (onstit,0nts ! la Parti(i&a(i)n Co%,nitaria' s 3, s
n(,ntra !ir(ta%nt rla(iona!a (on la (,lt,ra' ntn!in!o &or #sta la
(onstr,((i)n ! snti!o 0 si/ni.i(a(i)n so(ial 3, s %ani.ista (o%o ,na
(a&a(i!a! !sarrolla!a (ol(ti$a%nt n torno a $alors (o%,ns- Esta
rla(i)n s .(ti$a n la %!i!a 3, la &arti(i&a(i)n s 6&rsi)n' tanto ! la
!i$rsi!a! ! i!nti!a!s 3, s %ani.istan n l 1%+ito ! lo lo(al' (o%o !
las ini(iati$as ! los a(tors rs&(to ! lo 3, 3,irn o !san ralizar- En
3
D-O-S- J;<<HL- 8Discurso de los Diri4entes Sociales so-re Partici*acinG- En7 In.or%- Est,!io N> ?' D&arta%nto !
Est,!ios ! la Di$isi)n ! Or/aniza(ions So(ials-
13
st snti!o s a.ir%a 3, to!a or/aniza(i)n s la 6&rsi)n ! s, (on(&(i)n
(,lt,ral intr5ns(a-
=
A%#ri(a Latina' (o%o (,al3,ir &art !l %,n!o' &,! 6:i+ir $aria!as
6&rin(ias ! (ontrol so(ial 3, &rtn!n 4r(rs so+r la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a
n (on!i(ions ! a,tono%5a rs&(to ! lla- Sin %+ar/o' !sta(a ,n :(:o 3,
&ar(ira no sr (o%*n a otras r/ions' (,al s l ! &ro&n!r a la
instit,(ionaliza(i)n !l (ontrol so(ial' !.ini#n!os !s! l Esta!o 3,i#ns' ()%o'
(on 3,# 0 !)n! &,! sr !s&l/a!o- Para %ostrar !istintos ti&os ! (ontni!os
!a!os a stas (,stions 0 s,s !i.rnts .(tos' s (itan a trs 6&rin(ias 3,' a
s, $z' r.l4an !i$rsos /ra!os ! .or%aliza(i)n !l (ontrol so(ial 0' &or n!'
!istintos n,!os (r5ti(os- Ellas son7 la 6&rin(ia ! los OCo%it#s ! Vi/ilan(iaO n
2oli$ia' (ir(,ns(ritos al 1%+ito %,ni(i&alE la 6&rin(ia ! la OContralor5a so(ialO n
"#6i(o' ori/inal%nt $in(,la!a a la 4(,(i)n ! &ro/ra%as so(ials' &ro 6tn!i!a
a otros (a%&osE 0 la 6&rin(ia ! las O$!,r5as (i,!a!anasO !sarrolla!as n
Colo%+ia- El &ro&)sito s %ostrar 3, la &r1(ti(a !l (ontrol so(ial' (,an!o s
instit,(ionaliza!o a tra$#s ! .or%as or/1ni(as' il,%ina a(r(a ! otras (on!i(ions
a!%1s ! las 0a r%ar(a!as' n(sarias &ara (onstit,irs n ,n %!io &ara
a,%ntar la rs&onsa+iliza(i)n ! la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a-
Si n al/o 6ist (onsnso s n 3, si no :a0 in.or%a(i)n' nin/,no ! los
otros %(anis%os &,! ral%nt o&rar- Es %1s' n l 6tr%o' &o!r5a o+$iars no
s)lo la instit,(ionaliza(i)n !l (ontrol so(ial' sino in(l,so la (onsa/ra(i)n ! r(,rsos
(o%o los %n(iona!os :asta a:ora' &ro a,n as5 &o!r5a 6istir la &osi+ili!a! !l
(ontrol so(ial si s 3, st1 as/,ra!a la !l s(r,tinio &*+li(o- Est s l 3, (ra
las (on!i(ions &ara la .or%a(i)n !%o(r1ti(a ! o&ini)n &*+li(a 0' si lla 6ist'
ta%+i#n &,! la so(i!a! Psa a&lan!o a los %!ios ! (o%,ni(a(i)n o a las
%o$iliza(ions' 4r(r &rsi)n so(ial so+r la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a' a,n (,an!o no
!is&on/a ! nin/*n otro %(anis%o a s .in-
D
4
D-O-S- J;<<HL' &- ;F-
5
2arrios' @n/la 0 "0rt:a Ar%as- Hrra%intas ! Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana 0 Contralor5a So(ial- S/,n!a E!i(i)n- A/osto ?BB=-
F,n!a(i)n Es(,la ! Grn(ia So(ial- P/- KF-
14
La Con$n(i)n ! Na(ions Uni!as (ontra la (orr,&(i)n
JCNUCCL %iti!a n ?BBF :a( %n(i)n n s,s art5(,los
so+r l .o%nto ! la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana &or &art
! los /o+irnos- Entr llos s n(,ntran7
Arti(,lo D' in(iso ;: %ada ,stado -arte, de conformidad con los principios
fundamentales de su ordenamiento "urdico, formular y aplicar o mantendr en
vigor polticas coordinadas y eficaces contra la corrupcin que promuevan la
participacin de la sociedad y refle"en los principios del imperio de la ley, la deida
gestin de los asuntos p!licos y los ienes p!licos, la integridad, la transparencia y
la oligacin de rendir cuentas.
Art5(,lo ;B- In.or%a(i)n &*+li(a7 .aida cuenta de la necesidad de comatir la
corrupcin, cada ,stado -arte, de conformidad con los principios fundamentales de su
derec#o interno, adoptar las medidas que sean necesarias para aumentar la
transparencia en su administracin p!lica, incluso en lo relativo a su organizacin,
funcionamiento y procesos de adopcin de decisiones, cuando proceda. ,sas medidas
podrn incluir, entre otras cosas: a+ (a instauracin de procedimientos o
reglamentaciones que permitan al p!lico en general otener, cuando proceda,
informacin sore la organizacin, el funcionamiento y los procesos de adopcin de
decisiones de su administracin p!lica y, con el deido respeto a la proteccin de la
intimidad y de los datos personales, sore las decisiones y actos "urdicos que
incuman al p!lico/ + (a simplificacin de los procedimientos administrativos,
cuando proceda, a fin de facilitar el acceso del p!lico a las autoridades encargadas
de la adopcin de decisiones/ y c+ (a pulicacin de informacin, lo que podr incluir
informes peridicos sore los riesgos de corrupcin en su administracin p!lica.

Art5(,lo ;F- Parti(i&a(i)n ! la so(i!a!$
'. %ada ,stado -arte adoptar medidas adecuadas, dentro de los medios de que
disponga y de conformidad con los principios fundamentales de su derec#o interno,
para fomentar la participacin activa de personas y grupos que no pertenezcan al
sector p!lico, como la sociedad civil, las organizaciones no guernamentales y las
organizaciones con ase en la comunidad, en la prevencin y la luc#a contra la
15
corrupcin, y para sensiilizar a la opinin p!lica con respecto a la existencia, las
causas y la gravedad de la corrupcin, as como a la amenaza que 0sta representa. ,sa
participacin deera reforzarse con medidas como las siguientes: a+ Aumentar la
transparencia y promover la contriucin de la ciudadana a los procesos de adopcin
de decisiones/ + 1arantizar el acceso eficaz del p!lico a la informacin/ c+ 2ealizar
actividades de informacin p!lica para fomentar la intransigencia con la corrupcin,
as como programas de educacin p!lica, incluidos programas escolares y
universitarios/ d+ 2espetar, promover y proteger la liertad de uscar, reciir, pulicar
y difundir informacin relativa a la corrupcin. ,sa liertad podr estar su"eta a
ciertas restricciones, que deern estar expresamente fi"adas por la ley y ser
necesarias para: i+ 1arantizar el respeto de los derec#os o la reputacin de terceros/
ii+ 3alvaguardar la seguridad nacional, el orden p!lico, o la salud o la moral
p!licas.
2. %ada ,stado -arte adoptar medidas apropiadas para garantizar que el p!lico
tenga conocimiento de los rganos pertinentes de luc#a contra la corrupcin
mencionados en la presente %onvencin y facilitar el acceso a dic#os rganos,
cuando proceda, para la denuncia, incluso annima, de cualesquiera incidentes que
puedan considerarse constitutivos de un delito tipificado con arreglo a la presente
%onvencin.
A(t,al%nt' la Asa%+la Na(ional !is(,t l &ro0(to ! L0 ! Parti(i&a(i)n
Ci,!a!ana' (,0o o+4to /nral s !sarrollar lo (ont%&la!os n los art5(,los ?H' D;
0 K? ! la Constitucin de la e*5-lica Boli,ariana ! Vnz,la' as5 (o%o s,s
&rin(i&ios' ntr llos' l sta+l(i%into ! !is&ositi$os !ir(tos ! &arti(i&a(i)n
(i,!a!ana- I/,al%nt &r$# los .ins .,n!a%ntals ! !i(:a &arti(i&a(i)n7 l
!sarrollo ! la &rsona :,%anaE la (onsoli!a(i)n ! la so(i!a! !%o(r1ti(a'
&arti(i&ati$a 0 &rota/)ni(aE l .o%nto 0 !sarrollo ! la or/aniza(i)n so(ialE la
s,&ra(i)n &rsonal ! los (i,!a!anosE la .i(in(ia n la to%a ! !(isions !
)r/anos &*+li(osE l (ontrol ! los (i,!a!anos :a(ia la /sti)n &*+li(aE la
in(or&ora(i)n !l &,+lo al .(ti$o 4r(i(io ! la !%o(ra(ia &arti(i&ati$aE 0 la
!.nsa ! las li+rta!s !%o(r1ti(as 0 los !r(:os :,%anos-
Ca+ !sta(ar 3, la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana n la /sti)n &*+li(a s' a s,
$z' !r(:o &ol5ti(o 0 !+r so(ial ! to!os los (i,!a!anos s/*n s,s (a&a(i!a!s-
No o+stant' ! lo (ont%&la!o n n,stra Constit,(i)n 0 la Carta
F,n!a%ntal ! los Dr(:os H,%anos' as5 (o%o ! los instr,%ntos 3, la
(on.or%an' n,stro or!na%into 4,r5!i(o' n aras ! sta+l(r 0 .o%ntar ,n
16
Esta!o Parti(i&ati$o' :a i!o a!a&tan!o s, or!na%into 4,r5!i(o a las n,$as
tn!n(ias-
La Le+ Or46nica de la Contralora General de la e*5-lica + del Siste/a
Nacional de Control 1iscal' n s, art5(,lo CD 0 CK (ont%&la la Parti(i&a(i)n
Ci,!a!ana- En l art5(,lo ?=' n,%ral =>' in(l,0 a los (i,!a!anos' n l 4r(i(io !
s, !r(:o a la &arti(i&a(i)n n la .,n(i)n ! (ontrol ! la /sti)n &*+li(a' (o%o
int/rants !l Sist%a Na(ional ! Control Fis(al- Y n l art5(,lo ?D' n,%ral C>'
sta+l( la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana' ntr los &rin(i&ios 3, ri/n l Sist%a
Na(ional ! Control Fis(al-
En st or!n ! i!as' &o!%os (itar7 L0 Or/1ni(a ! la A!%inistra(i)n
P*+li(a' art5(,los D' K' C' <' ?? 0 ;FD al ;F<- El D(rto (on F,rza ! L0 so+r l
Estat,to ! la F,n(i)n P*+li(a' art5(,los ?' F<' =B 0 =;- L0 so+r Si%&li.i(a(i)n !
Tr1%its A!%inistrati$os' art5(,los =' D' H' ?D' FD al F< 0 =; al =K- L0 Or/1ni(a !
Plani.i(a(i)n' art5(,los DH al KB- L0 ! los Cons4os Esta!als ! Plani.i(a(i)n 0
Coor!ina(i)n ! Pol5ti(as P*+li(as' art5(,los K' H 0 ;H- L0 Or/1ni(a ! Prot((i)n !l
Ni9o 0 !l A!ols(nt' art5(,los K 0 H;-
Tnin!o (o%o +as to!o st %ar(o 4,r5!i(o' la Contralor5a Gnral !l
Esta!o "#ri!a' s &r%it :a(r las si/,ints s,/rn(ias n aras ! %atrializar la
.i(in(ia 0 .i(a(ia ! ,na !%o(ra(ia &arti(i&ati$a' a tra$#s ! la Parti(i&a(i)n
Ci,!a!ana 0 l Control So(ial7
Tra+a4ar 0 .o%ntar la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana 0 l Control So(ial :a(ia ,n
n,$o n.o3, n %atria ! 3,4as 0 r(la%os7 En %atria ! &arti(i&a(i)n
(i,!a!ana 0 (ontrol so(ial' los r(la%os 0 las 3,4as s :an s,%i!o
(,lt,ral%nt 0 a tra$#s !l ti%&o n lo 3, s :a !no%ina!o la
,ni!ir((ionali!a!' l :1+ito tan 6tn!i!o ! 6&rsar 3,4as ant las
sit,a(ions 3, a.(tan al r(la%ant' sin &rtn!r #st in.l,ir n na!a n
sol,(ions a!(,a!as' :a (ra!o ,n n.o3, &o(o asrti$o n %atria !
sol,(ions' !+in!o l r(la%ant' no solo 6&onr s, 3,4a' sino a&ortar
altrnati$as ! sol,(i)n- La 3,4a' ta%+i#n in!i(a ,n +a4o ni$l ! !%o(ra(ia7
(on$irt a los (i,!a!anos n $5(ti%as in!.nsas ! sit,a(ions as,%i!as
17
(o%o ins,&ra+ls- Y &or lo tanto' los (on$irt n sostn!ors ! la
sit,a(i)n i%&rant' i%&i!i#n!ols a los (i,!a!anos (ontri+,ir a (,al3,ir
(a%+io o %4ora- Es n(sario 3, s &ro&on/a (on$rtir las 3,4as' &ri%r
ni$l ! (on(in(ia' n r(la%a(ions' n &ro&,stas ! an1lisis' n +*s3,!a
! sol,(ions' n a((ions ! 6i/n(ia ! rs&onsa+ili!a!s o n +*s3,!a
! instan(ias ! &arti(i&a(i)n' s/*n sa l (aso-
Pro%o$r la (onstant &r1(ti(a ! la a(ti$i!a! (ol(ti$a (on l .in ! s,&rar
las a(tit,!s in!i$i!,alistas 0 &r.((ionar (a!a $z %1s la (ali!a! ! !i(:a
a(ti$i!a!7 la a(ti$i!a! (ol(ti$a s .or%a!ora ! (i,!a!anasMos !%)(ratas- Al
:a(r ,n s.,rzo ! a!a&ta(i)n a la !in1%i(a ! (a!a /r,&o n .,n(i)n ! los
o+4ti$os 0 ! las (ara(tr5sti(as ! las &rsonas 0 ! las (ir(,nstan(ias' s
!sarrollar1 la &ro&ia in!i$i!,ali!a! n ,n as&(to &ositi$o' r$lan!o l
nri3,(i%into &rsonal 3, s o+tin ! la a(ti$i!a! (ol(ti$a !%o(r1ti(a'
(ola+oran!o (on l /r,&o 0 (on las !%1s &rsonas n la &rs(,(i)n ! los
o+4ti$os (o%,ns- La &r1(ti(a (ontin,a ! (o%&artir in.or%a(i)n 0 o&inions'
analizar la in.or%a(i)n 0 las sit,a(ions nri3,(i!as &or las 6&rin(ias 0 la
$isi)n ! las !%1s &rsonas' (on.rontar las o&inions' s(,(:ar 0 6&rsars'
as,%ir rs&onsa+ili!a!s' rn!ir (,ntas 0 r(i+ir (r5ti(as' to!o llo s
nri3,(!or- Para l &r.((iona%into ! la (ali!a! ! !i(:a a(ti$i!a!'
!+n i%&l%ntars n stos /r,&os' las si/,ints r(o%n!a(ions7
Fo%ntar la &ra(ti(a (ol(ti$a ! la !i$isi)n ! rs&onsa+ili!a!s o %isions' 3, s
&,! 0 s (on$nint ir altrnan!o' sin sta+l(r n,n(a ,na !i$isi)n !l tra+a4o .i4a
0 sta+l 3, ori/in la !i$isi)n ntr !iri/nts 0 4(,tants-
For%ar a stos (ontralors so(ials &ara %o!rar r,nions' (oor!inar taras
(ol(ti$as' &lani.i(ar a((ions 0 r(,rsos 0 $al,ar rs,lta!os &ara %4orar .,t,ras
6&rin(ias-
In(nti$ar a los (ontralors (o%,nitarios n l sta+l(i%into 0 (ons(,(i)n !
o+4ti$os &ar(ials (on(rtos n .,n(i)n ! los o+4ti$os /nrals ! s, (o%,ni!a!'
rla(ionan!o los o+4ti$os !l /r,&o (on la sit,a(i)n ! s,s int/rants 0 (on la
sit,a(i)n /lo+al-
A&rn!r a l/ir 0 rno$ar r&rsntants' a (ontrolar s, tra+a4o' a !stit,irlos si no
(,%&ln (on l %an!ato !l/a!o-
Dsarrollar (on(in(ia ! la !i%nsi)n &ol5ti(a ! los &ro+l%as- Es n(sario
ntn!r las razons &ol5ti(as ! las i!as 0 &ro&,stas 0 ! los intrss 3, st1n
n 4,/o-
18
Esta+l(r %(anis%os 3, &r%itan $al,ar &r%annt%nt la &r1(ti(a 0
l !sarrollo ! .or%as !%o(r1ti(as ! &arti(i&a(i)n-
Ds(,+rir las $5as ! a((i)n (i,!a!ana 3, (ontri+,0an !ir(ta%nt a
r(,&rar los $alors ! la i/,al!a!' la li+rta! 0 la soli!ari!a!' la !.nsa !
los !r(:os :,%anos 0 l rs&to ! las !i.rn(ias 0 las i!nti!a!s-
Contri+,ir a la .or%a(i)n ! o&ini)n &*+li(a7 La &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n la
.or%a(i)n ! la o&ini)n &*+li(a s ,n r3,isito $ital &ara la !%o(ra(ia- Es
n(sario l !sarrollo ! %!ios ! 6&rsi)n 0 (o%,ni(a(i)n ! las
instan(ias (i,!a!anas !%o(r1ti(as- Es ta%+i#n in!is&nsa+l l,(:ar &or la
/arant5a ! 3, n to!o %!io ! (o%,ni(a(i)n %asi$o' 6ista ,n s&a(io
/rat,ito 0 a!(,a!o ! 6&rsi)n ! las or/aniza(ions (i,!a!anas !
!i$rsos 1%+itos' (,0o (ontni!o no !&n!a ! la !ir((i)n &ri$a!a !l
%!io- Es&a(io $(inal' 4,$nil' ! %,4rs' sin!i(al' ! &ro.,n!iza(i)n
!%o(r1ti(a' ! noti(ias !ir(tas- En ,na !%o(ra(ia los %!ios !
(o%,ni(a(i)n %asi$os no &,!n sr &ri$a!os sin 3, s /aranti( l a((so
! los %1s !i$rsos s(tors intrss a llos- La ri$in!i(a(i)n ! s&a(ios
! 6&rsi)n (i,!a!ana 0 ! ,na in.or%a(i)n &ro(!nt ! los s(tors %1s
!i$rsos ! la so(i!a! s ,n r3,isito &ara la &arti(i&a(i)n !%o(r1ti(a' 0a
3, sin a!(,a!a in.or%a(i)n no s &,! &arti(i&ar rs&onsa+l%nt n la
$i!a so(ial-
Prot/r 0 &ro%o(ionar las a(ti$i!a!s 0 los s&a(ios &*+li(os7 la !%o(ra(ia
s)lo s !sarrolla %!iant rla(ions ! i/,al!a! 0 #stas a s, $z s !an
+1si(a%nt n los s&a(ios 0 a(ti$i!a!s &*+li(as- Por llo la !.nsa ! los
s&a(ios &*+li(os s $ital &ara la &arti(i&a(i)n !%o(r1ti(a- La 6istn(ia !
s&a(ios &*+li(os no /arantiza &r1(ti(as !%o(r1ti(as' &ro sin 1%+itos
&*+li(os !on! s sta+lz(an rla(ions li+rs 0 ! i/,al!a! ntr las
&rsonas no s !an las rla(ions n(sarias &ara l 4r(i(io ! la
&arti(i&a(i)n !%o(r1ti(a-
Ralizar a ni$l na(ional' n(,stas r/ionals &ara (ono(r la o&ini)n ! la
(i,!a!an5a so+r t%as rlati$os a la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana' (o%o l%nto
.,n!a%ntal ! la !%o(ra(ia- Una $z raliza!os' or/anizar ,n En(,ntro
Na(ional ! Contralors Co%,nitarios para dar a conocer los resultados
19
de las encuestas y levantar propuestas desde la sociedad civil para
vincular ms positivamente la poltica y la ciudadana, creando mesas
de trabao en el cual se debata adems, los t!picos anteriormente
propuestos"
R.orzar la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n los Po!rs P*+li(os Na(ionals
in(l,0#n!ola 0 a!a&t1n!ola n los n,$os (on(&tos 3, &lantan la &ari!a!
! ,n Go+irno l(tr)ni(o (on las .or%as tra!i(ionals ! ,n Go+irno (on
%(anis%os (on$n(ionals ! atn(i)n al (i,!a!ano- En st snti!o' (a+
!sta(ar lo si/,int7 (on rla(i)n a los %(anis%os l(tr)ni(os Jon linL'
&ara la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n los Po!rs P*+li(os Na(ionals' sa
$rti(al J1%+ito na(ional o .!ral' r/ional' sta!al o intr%!io 0 %,ni(i&al o
lo(alL 0M, :orizontal J&o!r 4(,ti$o' l/islati$o 0 4,!i(ialL
K
' s ntin! &or
8%(anis%os l(tr)ni(os Jon lineLG &ara la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana s
ntin!n a3,llos instr,%ntos a(ti$os 3, s n(,ntran n los rs&(ti$os
&ortals J&1/inas Q+L ! las instit,(ions s(o/i!as 3, &r%itn la
in.or%a(i)n 0 (o%,ni(a(i)n ntr los (i,!a!anos 0 la instit,(ionali!a!
rs&(ti$a- Es !(ir' %(anis%os 3, &ro&n!n ,na Ointra((i)n !in1%i(a n
la rla(i)n (i,!a!ano I a!%inistra(i)nO-
C

En "#6i(o' &or 4%&lo' s &lantaron las En(,sta &or (orro !ir(to- Est
&ro(so' !no%ina!o O-rograma 4andeO' t,$o (o%o o+4ti$o r(a+ar &ro&,stas so+r
;;B t%as na(ionals a/r,&a!os n las trs /ran!s 1ras 3, s :an !.ini!o &ara
la a((i)n ! st /o+irno7 !sarrollo so(ial 0 :,%ano' (r(i%into (on (ali!a! 0
or!n 0 rs&to- Para tal .(to s !istri+,0ron' !,rant los %ss ! .+rro a a+ril
! ?BB;' (,stionarios n !on! &o!5an 6&onrs ,na o $arias &ro&,stas a(r(a !
(a!a ,no ! los ;;B t%as' ,san!o la in.rastr,(t,ra !l Sr$i(io Postal "6i(ano- En
st &ro(so s r(i+iron ,n total ! ;DF'FKC &ro&,stas' ! las (,als alr!!or !
;'BBB .,ron ! %6i(anos 3, rsi!n n l 6tran4ro- To!as llas .,ron
(a&t,ra!as &or l Instit,to Na(ional ! Esta!5sti(a' Go/ra.5a In.or%1ti(a JINEGIL
3,' &ara st .in' instal) l Cntro Na(ional ! R(&(i)n ! Pro&,stas- A:5 .,ron
(lasi.i(a!as las a&orta(ions 0' &ostrior%nt' n$ia!as a las !i.rnts 1ras 3,
6
Ro+rt Rossi(k7 OEl rol ! la t(nolo/5a ! la in.or%a(i)n 0 ! las (o%,ni(a(ions n l .ortal(i%into ! la &arti(i&a(i)n
(i,!a!ana 0 n la (on.i/,ra(i)n ! la !%o(ra(ia7 la 6&rin(ia ini(ial ! "#6i(oO En7 R$ista !l CLAD R.or%a 0 D%o(ra(ia-
Cara(as- I No- ?<' JS,n- ?BB=L
7
Tra+a4o la+ora!o &or Nlson D Fritas' CLAD' a/osto ?BBD- El Control So(ial so+r la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a- "(anis%os
l(tr)ni(os Jon linL &ara la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana n los Po!rs P*+li(os Na(ionals-
20
(on.or%an la a!%inistra(i)n &*+li(a .!ral &ara 3, .,ran analiza!as 0
(onsi!ra!as &ara la la+ora(i)n !l Plan- Gra(ias a st &ro(so s o+t,$o ,n
(on4,nto %,0 i%&ortant ! &ro&,stas (i,!a!anas so+r ,n a%&lio n*%ro ! t%as
! intr#s na(ional-
En las n(,sta $5a Intrnt' la &1/ina ! Intrnt (ra!a &ara l Plan Na(ional !
Dsarrollo a%&li) l al(an( ! la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana 0 a/iliz) l r/istro !
o&inions' a!%1s ! !ar la o&ort,ni!a! ! &arti(i&ar a los %6i(anos 3, $i$n
.,ra !l &a5s- Por %!io ! lla s r(i+iron =F'?FB &ro&,stas 3,' i/,al 3, las
n(,stas r(i+i!as &or (orro !ir(to' .,ron (lasi.i(a!as &or l INEGI 0 s s,%aron
a la +as ! !atos ! las &ro&,stas /nra!as-
Otra :rra%inta' ., l an1lisis ! &arti(i&a(i)n &or (orro Intrnt- "!iant
stas !os $5as s r(i+iron ;;C'B=B (,stionarios' 3, a&ortaron ,n total ! ;<K'HD=
&ro&,stas- En lo 3, rs&(ta a la !a! ! 3,ins &arti(i&aron rs&on!in!o a sta
n(,sta' s o+sr$a 3, ?KT ! las &ro&,stas .,ron raliza!as &or &rsonas
%nors ! ?B a9os' F=T &or &rsonas ! ntr ?; a =B a9os' 0 l ?? &or (into &or
&rsonas %a0ors ! %1s ! =B a9os- S)lo ;HT no s&(i.i(aron s, !a!- Las
&ro&,stas .,ron n$ia!as a las !i.rnts nti!a!s ! la a!%inistra(i)n &*+li(a
.!ral n !on! .,ron analiza!as 0 %,(:as ! llas int/ra!as a los o+4ti$os 0 las
strat/ias 3, stas nti!a!s la+oraron &ara la !.ini(i)n !l Plan Na(ional !
Dsarrollo- En al/,nos (asos' las &ro&,stas r(i+i!as s r.r5an a as&(tos
s&(5.i(os ! la o&ra(i)n ! las !&n!n(ias 0 nti!a!s ! /o+irno' &or lo 3,
sr1n to%a!as n (,nta &ara la la+ora(i)n ! los &ro/ra%as s(torials' as5 (o%o
&ara la !.ini(i)n ! los &ro/ra%as o&rati$os an,als ! las !&n!n(ias-
En s snti!o' s &ro&on la i%&l%nta(i)n ! ,n Siste/a Infor/6tico de
Partici*acin Ciudadana 7SIPC8- JSi%ilar al Pro0(to SIPC' !sarrolla!o !ntro !l
&ro/ra%a ! !o(tora!o ! la Uni$rsitat O+rta ! Catal,n0a L- Est sist%a .,
(on(+i!o &ara la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana %,ni(i&al n &a5ss n !sarrollo' a &artir
!l an1lisis intr!is(i&linar ! la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n la (i,!a! ! Fortalza
J2rasilL- El st,!io s !iri/i) al an1lisis ! las &osi+ili!a!s ! la ,tiliza(i)n !l
Intrnt &ara a&o0ar 0 &ro%o$r la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana n l 1%+ito %,ni(i&al n
&a5ss (o%o 2rasil- "1s (on(rta%nt' !li%it) (,1ls son los r3,isitos 3, !+
21
(,%&lir ,n Sistema Informtico para la promocin de la Participacin Ciudadana
municipal y el fomento de las redes ciudadanas (SIPC)' to%an!o (o%o &,nto !
&arti!a las n(si!a!s i!nti.i(a!as n Fortalza' (a&ital !l Esta!o ! Car1- La
in$sti/a(i)n &ro&or(ion) ,na s&(i.i(a(i)n .or%al 0 !talla!a ! tal sist%a' 3,
&o!r5a &ostrior%nt ,tilizars &ara (onstr,irlo si/,in!o l %o!lo ! Software
Libre' ! .or%a 3, 3,! a !is&osi(i)n /rat,ita ! to!os los %,ni(i&ios 3, &r(isn
,sarlo-
El Siste/a Infor/6tico de Partici*acin Ciudadana 7SIPC8 s ,n s&a(io n
Intrnt !on! tanto las Go+rna(ions' Al(al!5as 0 Aso(ia(ions Ci,!a!anas'
&,!n &onr a !is&osi(i)n ! los (i,!a!anos' otros (ol(ti$os' %!ios !
(o%,ni(a(i)n' t(- to!as las in.or%a(ions r.ri!as a las a(ti$i!a!s &arti(i&ati$as
3, ralizan n la (i,!a! J(o%o &or 4%&lo ,n presupuesto participativoL-
A!%1s' ,n SIPC in(l,ir5a' n .,n(i)n ! las n(si!a!s !l ",ni(i&io o
Esta!o' s/*n sa l 1%+ito ! a&li(a(i)n' s&a(ios s&(ials n Intrnt 3,
(o%&l%ntn 0 a&o0n s,s a(ti$i!a!s &arti(i&ati$as &rs#n(ials' (o%o &or
4%&lo7
En$5o ! &r/,ntas &or &art ! los Ci,!a!anos a las !istintas 1ras ! las
Al(al!5as o Go+rna(ions-
En(,stas 0 (,stionarios' &ara 3, l (i,!a!ano trans%ita s, o&ini)n so+r
(irtos t%as'
Pro(sos ! r(o/i!a ! .ir%as &ara ralizar ,na &ti(i)n o ini(iati$a
l/islati$a'
D+ats 0 .oros ! !is(,si)n-
P,+li(a(i)n 0 r$isi)n ! !o(,%ntos'
Cons,lta ! la a/n!a ! los &ro(sos &arti(i&ati$os &rs#n(ials' t(-
C,an!o s :a+la ! &arti(i&a(i)n a tra$#s ! Intrnt' s :a+la %1s !l .,t,ro
3, !l &rsnt in%!iato- Pro !s! la &rs&(ti$a ! ,n .,t,ro (r(ano' &ara l
3, :a0 3, &r&arars-
Si (ontin*an las tn!n(ias a(t,als' tanto los ni$ls ! a((so 0 (ono(i%into
so+r Intrnt' (o%o los ni$ls ! ,so ! la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana &or &art ! los
/o+irnos %,ni(i&als' sta!als 0 na(ionals' $an a (r(r r1&i!a%nt-
22
Por otra &art' a*n (,an!o rs,lt inal(anza+l l i!al !%o(r1ti(o ! 3,
to!os los (i,!a!anos &arti(i&n !l /o+irno ! s, (i,!a!' l 3, s /nrali( ,na
%a0or &arti(i&a(i)n 0 ,tiliza(i)n ! stas &lata.or%as &or &art ! las Al(al!5as' las
Go+rna(ions' las aso(ia(ions 0 (ol(ti$os 3, !.in!n los intrss ! los
(i,!a!anos' as5 (o%o &or &art ! ,n (r(int n*%ro ! (i,!a!anos in!i$i!,als
3, s &ro(,&n &or los as,ntos &*+li(os 0 ()%o #stos ls a.(tan' r&r(,tir1
&ositi$a%nt so+r la &ol5ti(a 0 la /sti)n n (,sti)n' lo 3, in!ir(ta%nt
+n.i(iar1 a to!a la (i,!a!an5a' in(l,0n!o a a3,llos 3, no &,!n o no !san
&arti(i&ar ni ,tilizar stas &lata.or%as-
H
Otro ! los +n.i(ios' 3, r$ist la i%&l%nta(i)n ! #st sist%a' no
o+stant' in(r%ntar la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana' s la a/iliza(i)n ! los tr1%its
a!%inistrati$os' n,stro or!na%into 4,r5!i(o $nzolano' n la L0 so+r
Si%&li.i(a(i)n ! Tr1%its A!%inistrati$os' n s, Tit,lo II- D la Si%&li.i(a(i)n !
Tr1%its A!%inistrati$os' sta+l(7
Art5(,lo =7 La si%&li.i(a(i)n ! los tr1%its a!%inistrati$os tin &or o+4to ra(ionalizar las
tra%ita(ions 3, ralizan los &arti(,lars ant la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(aE %4orar s, .i(a(ia'
&rtinn(ia 0 ,tili!a!' a .in ! lo/rar %a0or (lri!a! 0 .,n(ionali!a! n las %is%asE r!,(ir los
/astos o&rati$osE o+tnr a:orros &rs,&,stariosE (,+rir ins,.i(in(ias ! (ar1(tr .is(al 0
%4orar las rla(ions ! la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a (on los (i,!a!anos-
Art5(,lo D7 Ca!a ,no ! los )r/anos 0 nts ! la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a' n l 1%+ito ! s,s
(o%&tn(ias' ll$ar1 a (a+o la si%&li.i(a(i)n ! los tr1%its a!%inistrati$os 3, s rali(n ant
los %is%os- A tals .ins' la+orar1n s,s rs&(ti$os &lans ! si%&li.i(a(i)n ! tr1%its
a!%inistrati$os' (on .,n!a%nto n las +ass 0 &rin(i&ios sta+l(i!os n st D(rtoIL0 0 !
(on.or%i!a! (on los si/,ints lina%intos7
;- S,&ri%ir los tr1%its inn(sarios 3, in(r%ntn l (osto o&ra(ional ! la
A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a' :a/an %nos .i(int s, .,n(iona%into 0 &ro&i(in (on!,(tas
!s:onstas &or &art ! los .,n(ionarios-
?- Si%&li.i(ar 0 %4orar los tr1%its ral%nt *tils' lo (,al s,&on' ntr otros as&(tos7
aL Ll$ar los tr1%its a la .or%a %1s sn(illa &osi+l' r!,(in!o al %5ni%o los
r3,isitos 0 6i/n(ias a los (i,!a!anos' !4an!o *ni(a 0 6(l,si$a%nt los &asos 3,
san $r!a!ra%nt in!is&nsa+ls &ara (,%&lir l &ro&)sito ! los %is%os o &ara
4r(r l (ontrol ! %anra a!(,a!a-
+L R!is9ar l tr1%it-
8
To%a!o !l &lanta%into Pro0(to SIPC ! la Uni$rsitat O+rta ! Catal,n0a-
23
(L Pro&i(iar la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana-
!L "tili0ar al /69i/o los ele/entos tecnol4icos de los :ue se dis*on4a
actual/ente-
L In(or&orar (ontrols a,to%atiza!os 3, %ini%i(n la n(si!a! ! str,(t,ras !
s,&r$isi)n 0 (ontrols a!i(ionals-
.L Crar in(nti$os o sr$i(ios a!i(ionals 3, &,!an otor/ars a la (o%,ni!a! n
(ontra&rsta(i)n al (,%&li%into o&ort,no !l tr1%it-
/L E$itar n lo &osi+l las instan(ias n las (,als l 4,i(io s,+4ti$o !l .,n(ionario
&,!a intr.rir n l &ro(so-
:L E$itar la a/r,&a(i)n ! .,n(ions n ,na %is%a instan(ia' a los .ins ! &r$nir la
%ani&,la(i)n ! in.or%a(i)n-
F- Con(ntrar tr1%its' $itan!o la r&ti(i)n ! ,n %is%o tr1%it n !i$rsas nti!a!s- A tal
.in' s :a( n(sario a,%ntar l n*%ro ! nti!a!s +n.i(iarias ! ,n %is%o tr1%it 0
r!,(ir l (*%,lo ! 6i/n(ias &ara la (o%,ni!a!-
La L0 Or/1ni(a ! A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a' sta+l( n s, art5(,lo K' lo
si/,int7
Garant5as 3, !+ o.r(r la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a a los &arti(,lars
Art5(,lo K- La A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a !sarrollar1 s, a(ti$i!a! 0 s or/anizar1 ! %anra 3, los
&arti(,lars7
;- P,!an rsol$r s,s as,ntos' sr a,6ilia!os n la r!a((i)n .or%al ! !o(,%ntos
a!%inistrati$os' 0 r(i+ir in.or%a(i)n ! intr#s /nral &or %!ios tl.)ni(os' in.or%1ti(os 0
tl%1ti(os-
?- P,!an &rsntar r(la%a(ions sin l (ar1(tr ! r(,rsos a!%inistrati$os' so+r l
.,n(iona%into ! la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a-
F- P,!an a((!r .1(il%nt a in.or%a(i)n a(t,aliza!a so+r l s3,%a ! or/aniza(i)n ! los
)r/anos 0 nts ! la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a' as5 (o%o a /,5as in.or%ati$as so+r los
&ro(!i%intos a!%inistrati$os' sr$i(ios 0 &rsta(ions 3, llos o.r(n-
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#
#
La $ontralora General del
La $ontralora General del
Estado M%rida, A&ora es de
Estado M%rida, A&ora es de
todos'
todos'
BIBLIOGA1IA
BAIOS; <NGELA ! M!2=A AMAS- Hrra%intas ! Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana 0 Contralor5a
So(ial- S/,n!a E!i(i)n- A/osto ?BB=- F,n!a(i)n Es(,la ! Grn(ia So(ial- P/- KF-
CLODOSBALDO "SSI<N ">C<2EG"I- Contralor Gnral ! la R&*+li(a- In.or% ! Gsti)n ?BB=-
DAS2ES; C- R.l6ions &ara la In(or&ora(i)n ! la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana n la Gsti)n P*+li(a-
Do(,%ntos ! Fa(,lta!' ?- Fa(,lta! ! Cin(ias Pol5ti(as 0 A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a' Uni$rsi!a!
Cntral ! C:il- J?BBFL-
8Discurso de los Diri4entes Sociales so-re Partici*acinG- In.or%- Est,!io N> ?' D&arta%nto !
Est,!ios ! la Di$isi)n ! Or/aniza(ions So(ials- D-O-S- J;<<HL-
1EI2AS NELSON DE' CLAD' a/osto ?BBD- El Control So(ial so+r la A!%inistra(i)n P*+li(a-
"(anis%os l(tr)ni(os Jon linL &ara la Parti(i&a(i)n Ci,!a!ana n los Po!rs P*+li(os Na(ionals-
PN"D- La D%o(ra(ia n A%#ri(a Latina7 Ha(ia ,na !%o(ra(ia ! (i,!a!anas 0 (i,!a!anos- N,$a
York7 Pro/ra%a ! las Na(ions Uni!as &ara l Dsarrollo- ()**+b,"
OBE2 ?OSSIC?- OEl rol ! la t(nolo/5a ! la in.or%a(i)n 0 ! las (o%,ni(a(ions n l
.ortal(i%into ! la &arti(i&a(i)n (i,!a!ana 0 n la (on.i/,ra(i)n ! la !%o(ra(ia7 la 6&rin(ia
ini(ial ! "#6i(oO En7 R$ista !l CLAD R.or%a 0 D%o(ra(ia- Cara(as- I No- ?<' JS,n- ?BB=L
S(rtar5a ! Contralor5a 0 Dsarrollo A!%inistrati$o' Secoda/' "#6i(o-
Uni$rsitat O+rta ! Catal,n0a. Pro0(to SIPC-
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