í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 26 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006
Chandana: Hi Vandana, you appear to have
all leisure in the world. I expect-
ed to see you busy preparing for
the contest tomorrow? Haven't
you got to prepare for the debate
tomorrow?
(àçöÀ, î√™« Nv¨»ç-Aí¬ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œ-
Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤? Í®°æöÀ §ÚöÃéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤ûª÷
BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ Öçö«-´E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.
Í®°æ¤ F´¤ úÕ¶‰-ö¸èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√yL éπü∆?
All the leisure/ all the time in the world =
î√™« BJéπ/ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçúøôç.
They have all the time in the world to go
for a second run =
È®çúÓ °æ®Ω’í∫’ BÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ 鬴-©-Æ œ-†çûª
Æ洒ߪ’ç ÖçC.
Debate = úÕ¶„-ß˝’ö¸ (¶„ß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç)
Vandana: I've had enough of it. I'm bored.
I'm prepared well enough, I sup-
pose. What about you?
(î√©’ ¶«•÷. NÆæ’-Íí-Ææ’hçC. ¶«í¬ØË
ûªßª÷-®Ω-ߪ÷u-†E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. F
Ææçí∫-ûË-N’öÀ?)
I've had enough = Ééπ î√©’. ´’†èπ◊ î√©’,
Ééπ Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅE-°œç-*-†-°æ¤púø’, I've had
enough Åçö«ç é¬Ææh NÆæ’-í∫’ûÓ.
Chandana: I haven't got to, either. They
shouldn't have given the topic so
much in advance.
(؈’ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-鬆éπ\Í®xü¿’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx
√a稡ç Åçûª ´·çü¿’í¬ Éaç-ú≈-
LqçC é¬ü¿’.)
Vandana: Yea. They shouldn't have. They
don't seem to have got much
experience of conducting debate
contests.
(Å´¤†’. Åçûª ´·çü¿’ v°æéπ-öÀç*
Öçú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’. ´éπh %ûªy §Úöé’
(Debate contests) E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-ôç™
¢√∞¡x-éπçûª ņ’-¶µº´ç Ö†oô’x ™‰ü¿’.)
Chandana: Haven't they got to consult peo-
ple who know? So what's the big
idea in announcing the topic so
early?
(ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L ´’J.
Åçûª ´·çü¿-Ææ’hí¬ topic v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-
ôç™ ¢√∞¡x ÖüËl¨¡ç àN’öÀ?)
Vandana: Participants will mug up their
speech at the contest.
(§ƒ™Ô_-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√∞¡x Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒLo
•öÃd°æõ‰d≤ƒh®Ω’.)
mug up= •öÃd °æõ‰d-ߪ’ôç.
mug èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆, handle ÖçúË
í¬xÆæ’©’. Mug Åçõ‰ ´‚úÓ Å®Ωnç, ØÓöx
í∫’úøf©’ èπ◊éπ\úøç.
Chandana: They have got plenty of time to
get the help of others too.
(Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈
¶«í¬ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçô’çC)
Vandana: Haven't we got to attend the spe-
cial class this afternoon?
(É¢√y∞¡ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç ´’†ç ÂÆp≠æ™ ¸
é¬xÆæ’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL éπü∆?)
Chandana: I have got to, but you needn't.
You have got an 'A' grade, so
you don't have to.
(؈’ ¢Á∞«xL, †’´y-éπ\-Í®xü¿’. Fèπ◊ A
grade ´*açC. Åçü¿’-éπE †’´¤y ®√†-
´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’)
Vandana: Thank God. Thank you for the
news.
(£æ«´’t, •A-éÀ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.)
Chandana: You're welcome.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
´’†ç 'have (has)' í∫’Jç* ÉC-´-®Ω-éπöÀ lessons ™
î√™« N≠æ-ߪ÷™‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç í∫ü∆. Have (has)
èπ◊ spoken English ™ î√™« v§ƒ´·-êu-´·çC.
î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅEo ¢√úø-鬩÷ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
èπ◊çõ‰, conversation ™ 30% î√™« easy Å®·-§Ú-
ûª’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’ôç Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
Have (has)
í∫’Jç* ´’†-éÀ-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ†
N≠æ-ߪ÷©’:
1) I, we, you and they ûÓ 'have' ¢√úøû√ç. He,
she and it ûÓ Å®·ûË has ¢√úøû√ç.
a) I have to go now = Ééπ\úø negative question ™ have got
2) have/ has èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– éπLT Öçúøôç. ´÷´‚©’ ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL.
ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®·ûË äéπ-JéÀ àü¿-®·Ø√ (´Ææ’h´¤, I have got to go now. ¢√úøéπç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ñ question ™, †’´¤y
b) Sujani has to sing at the party tomorrow = Í®°æ¤ debate èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√y-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü∆?
í∫’ùç, ¢ÁjêJ ™«çöÀN) Öçúøôç.
party Sujani Sujani has ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈®Ω’.
a) I have a car= Ø√èπ◊ car ÖçC. (´÷´‚©’
Í®°æöÀ ™ §ƒú≈L=
ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ؈’ car éπLT ÖØ√o†’ ņç éπü∆) got to sing at the party tomorrow. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ mustn't (´’ÆˇØ˛d) èπÿú≈
Have to/ has to, have got to/ has got to ¢√úÕ-†- ¢√úø-´îª’a. shouldn't èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
b) She has beautiful dark hair=
îÓôx ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√öÀéÀ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ must/ should = Mustn't you prepare/ shouldn't you pre-
Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† †©xE èπ◊®Ω’-©’-Ø√o®·. èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´-îªaE Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌØ√oç. pare for the debate? - ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo äéπõ‰.
É™« äéπ-JéÀ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ í∫’ùç/ ¶µ«´ç etc ã Çïcèπ◊ ™•úÕ/ Å´-Ææ-®√Eo •öÀd/ NCµí¬ ã °æE-îË- 2) I haven't got to (prepare for the debate) =
Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ British English ™ have/ ߪ÷-Lq-Öçõ‰ °j forms ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆. DEéÀ oppo- (Debate prepare
èπ◊) I
鬆´Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ =
has èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ have got/ has got ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. site í¬, 'îËߪ’-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ needn't needn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to ÅE
a) My cousins have a lot of property= (need not)/ don't need to/ haven't got to/ has- èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.
n't got to/ don't have to/ doesn't have to 3) Haven't they got to consult people who
My cousins have got a lot of property
know? =
¢√úøû√ç.
1) I have to meet the minister (éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L) (Question
ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L éπü∆?
X I needn't meet the minister/ I don't need to have got
™ èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-Ææ’hØ√oç, Ééπ\úø) =
Don't they have to
meet the minister/ I haven't got to meet the
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
ņ-´îª’a.
231 minister/ I don't have to meet the minister 4) Haven't we got to attend the special class?
(éπ©-´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’). = Don't we have to attend ... ?
I've had enough
b) Sumithra has an excellent voice= É´Fo èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-éπ™  5) I have got to = I have to (I need to ÅE èπÿú≈
Sumithra has got an excellent voice.
Ö†o¢Ë. àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. ņ-´îª’a.)
British English ™ ÉO negative questions ™ have got to/
Ñ Å®Ωnç (éπLT Öçúø-ôç)ûÓ am having/ is haven't got to/ has n't don't have to/ haven't you to
having/ are having forms ¢√úøç, äéπ\ bath
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’.
got to áèπ◊\´ N†-°æ-úø’- äéÓ\-≤ƒJ have to •ü¿’©’ need to èπÿú≈
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ûª°æp. Hadn't got to
ûª’çC. é¬Ææh
3) have/ has= (ǣ慮Ω °æü∆®Ωnç) BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç =
¢√úø-´îª’a.
didn't
Å®Ω’ü¿’. ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’ a) ؈-éπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«}™« É°æ¤púø’? =
A†ôç/ û√í∫ôç need to/ didn't have to M. SURESAN
a) They have coffee in the morning= Have I go to there now?/ Do I have to go
¢√úø-û√®Ω’. there now?/ Do I need to go there now?/
coffee
¢√∞¡Ÿx §Òü¿’l† BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’ (û√í∫’-û√®Ω’) (É°æp-öÀéÀ O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. Have to/ has Need I go there now?/ Must I/ should I go
b) Sanjana has tea in the afternoon =
to/ had to èπ◊ opposite í¬ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ haven't there now?
Ææçï† ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç tea BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC.(û√í∫’-ûª’çC) to/ hasn't to/ hadn't to ®√ü¿’. I haven't to go/ b) Have they to
¢√Rx-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√¢√-Lqç-üËØ√? =
Ñ Å®Ωnç (BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç = A†úøç/ û√í∫-úøç)ûÓ am she hasn't to come ņç.) come here?/ Do they have to come here?/
having/ is having/ are having ¢√úøû√ç. Do they need to come here?/ Need they
Let us look at the following sentences
I am having tea now because coffee isn't come here?
from the conversation at the beginning of
available = É´Fo ´’† conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ practice
the lesson.
coffee ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd tea û√í∫’-ûª’Ø√o. A†úøç/ îËÊÆh, ´’†ç daily life situation ™ English
1) Haven't you got to prepare for the debate
û√í∫úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ have got/ has got ®√ü¿’. üµ∆®√∞¡çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©ç.
tomorrow?
[have + past participle/ has + past participle
have/ has, have got/ has got
OöÀéÃ, °j† îÁ°œp†
èπÿ à Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’.have + past participle, EXERCISE ANSWER
has + past participle - present per-
Ñ È®çúø÷ Practise the following Tarun: Haven't you got to/ Don't you have to/ Don't you
fect tense forms. aloud in English. need to/ Needn't you/ Mustn't you/ shouldn't you
1) éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿-öÀ-†’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æE. Tarun: †’Ny-°æ¤p-úÕç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-†-éπ\- go home now?
2) í∫ûªç™ Å®·-§Ú-®·† °æE – Time îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ®Ω-™‰ü∆? Varun: I needn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to. Need I/
Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, Varun: Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. FûÓ Øˆ’ should I/ must I accompany you for attestation
3) just, just now ÅØË ´÷ô-©ûÓ ¢√úÕ, É°æ¤púË Å®·- certificates attesta- of certificates?
§Ú-®·† °æ†’-©èπ◊, ¢√úøû√ç– í∫’®Ω’hç-C-éπü∆.] tionèπ◊ ®√¢√™«? Tarun: Don't you need to/ Don't you have to get your
4) have to + Ist Regular Doing Word/ has to Tarun: Fèπÿ Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆? certificates attested too. (You need to have your
+ Ist Regular Doing Word (have to go, Varun: Å´¤†’. ´’®Ω-îË-§Úߪ÷. certificates attested too)
have to work, has to do, has to come) OöÀE Ø√N èπÿú≈ attest Varun: Oh. I forgot. I need to/ I have to get my certifi-
must èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ äéπ Çïc†’í¬F, Å´-Ææ-®√-Eo- îË®·ç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† Å´- cates attested too (must/ should èπÿú≈ ¢√úøçúÕ)
í¬F NCµí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE-E-í¬F ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E Ææ®Ωç ÖçC. Tarun: Haven't we to be/ don't we have to be/ Needn't
éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. É™«çöÀ Å®ΩnçûÓ Tarun: ´’†ç office ™ we be/ Don't we need to be/ mustn't we be/
have to / has to + Ist Regular Doing Word °æCçöÀéπ™«x Öçú≈L shouldn't we be at office by 10?
•ü¿’©’, ¢√öÀûÓ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ have got to + Ist éπü∆? Varun: We needn't be / We don't need to be/ We don't
Regular Doing Word (RDW) / has got to + Varun: Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. °æü¿-éÌç- have to be/ We haven't got to be. (simple Not í¬
Ist RDW ¢√úø-´îª’a. úÕç-öÀéÀ ¢ÁRûË î√©’. necessary). It is enough if we are there by 11.