V=

Q
4
d2h
d
4
Q
2 =
h
2
1+h2
3
V= A=
h
6
h
arn
r
a
n
3
6
Qh
=
V=
Qh
(3r-h)
2
(3a2+h2)
Qabc V=
V=
3
4
Qab
4
3
2
4
=Qth(D-t)
V=
Q
h(D2 -d2)
=Qth(d+t)
(A+a+ Aa)
h
V=
3
2
V= Qr
3
2h
2 h
Dd
Q
4
V=2Q2 Rr 2
2
2
2
=19.739Rr
=
=2.4674Dd
=2.0944r
=1.0472r
r V=
Q
3
2h
2h
3
6
Q
= d3
V=
4
Qr
=0.5236d 3
3=4.1888r 3
Qh
V= (3a
6
2+3b2 +h2)
(2D
Q
V=
12
2+d2)
V=0.209 2 Dd+1/4d 2 ) (2D
[g/cm ] [Kgf/mm ]
2
1Kgf/mm =9.80665M10 Pa
2 6
3
SUS304
SKD11
7.85
7.85
14.1
7.3
8.0
8.9
8.4
2.7
2.8
4.5
7500~10500
56000
21000
21000
19700
11700
10300
6900
7200
10600
9.2~11.8
6.0
11.7
8.07 23300 10.1
11.7
17.3
17.6
20.8
23.6
23.6
8.4
h
1
d
h
h
2
d t
D
h
D
d
r
R
r
r
h
a
hh
a c
b
dD
D
h
r
a
h
r a
h
b
2
r
r
r
FD
L
Q
4
Q
4
[M10 /A]
-6
100
F
2
0.117
[20A]
[120A]
1182 1181
Pt=tMAsEEE(1)
=112/5
=22.4[kgf/mm
2
]
=Qd
2
t/4EE(2)
As=Pt/t
=200/22.4
=8.9[mm
2
]
3
4
5
12
15
15
5
6
5
8
10
9
13.1
11.3
10.6
8.9
7.4
6.7
6.1
5.8
5.2
4.7
M 4
M 5
M 6
M 8
M10
M12
M14
M16
M20
M24
8.78
14.2
20.1
36.6
58
84.3
115
157
245
353
114
160
213
326
429
565
702
911
1274
1659
9.1
7.8
7.4
8.7
7.3
6.5
6
5.7
5.1
4.7
79
111
149
318
423
548
690
895
1250
1659
12.9
kgf/mm
2 kgf kgf/mm
2 kgf
10.9
=46.6/12=3.9[kgf/mm
2
]
A=(M-P)QL=(30-1.5)QM12
=1074[mm
2
]
=46.6
P=AM
D=
=QD
2
/4
(4P)/(Q)
=
7.3
(4M800)/(3.14M19.2)
=120M0.8/5
=19.2[kgf/mm
2
]
E=
= =
1000M60
78.5M21000
PL
A
PL
AE
L

Pkgf
M
P
P
= M1.6
2
M5M7.85
79[g]
0.036mm
F10
P=tMA.
=3.9M107.4
=4190[kgf]
TECHNICAL DATA l
STRENGTH OF BOLTS, SCREW PLUGS AND DOWEL PINS
Pt :Tensile load in the axial direction[kgf]
b:Yield stress of bolt[kgf/mm
2
]
t :Allowable stress of bolt[kgf/mm
2
]
(t=b/safety factor )
As:Effective sectional area of bolt[mm2]
d :Effectiveness of bolt(core diameter)[mm]
ISafety factor of Unwin based on tensile strength
Steel
Cast iron
Copper, soft metal
Static load Impact load
Pulsating
Repeated load
Reversed
Material
Reference strength:Yield stress for ductile materials
Fracture stress for brittle materials
Allowable stress=
Reference strength
Safety factor
(Example)Find a suitable size when a socket head cap screw receives tensile load of P=200kgf repeatedly(pulsating).
From equation(1)
(Socket head cap screw material:SCM435, 38~43HRC, strength class:12.9)
Find an effective sectional area greater
than this value from the table at the right.
M4 of 14.2mm
2
will be the selection.
If fatigue strength is taken into account, M6 of allowable load 213kgf
in 12.9 should be selected.
2)Selection must be based on fatigue strength for the bolts such as the stripper
bolt which receives impact load from tension. (As the above example, 200kgf
load is applied. Stripper bolt material:SCM435, 33~38HRC, strength class 10.9)
From the table at the right, M8 of 318kgfis found when allowable load of strength
class 10.9 is over 200kgf. Accordingly, MSB10 having M8 screw and axial diameter of
10mm is the selection. Use dowel pins when shearing load is applied.
IStrength of screw plugs
Find allowable load P when screw plug MSW30 receives impact load.
(MSW30 material:S45C, tensile strengthb for 34~43HRC is 65kgf/mm
2
.)
If MSW breaks by shearing force applied
to the core diameter part, allowable load
Find the allowable shearing force based
on the core diameter of internal thread if
tapping is made of soft material.
Shearing sectional area A=Core diameter d1MQML
Yield stress0.9MTensile strengthb=0.9M65=58.2
Shearing stress0.8MYield stress
Allowable shearing stress Qt=Shearing stress/safety factor 12
(Core diameter d1M-P)
IStrength of dowel pins
Find a suitable size when a dowel pin receives 800kgf repetitive(pulsating)shearing
load.(Dowel pin material:SUJ2CHardness 58HRC or more)
For MS dowel pin, select D8 or larger size.
When larger size dowel pins are used, tools and stocks can be reduced.
b for yield stress of SUJ2=120[kgf/mm
2]
Allowable shearing strength=bM0.8/safety factor
The calculations shown above are only examples of finding strength. For actual calculation, various conditions, such as accuracy of inter-hole pitch, perpendicularity of
holes, surface roughness, circularity, plate materials, parallelism, quenching, precision of press machine, quantity of production, and wear of tools, should be taken into
account. Use these examples as a reference for calculating strength. (They are not guaranteed values.)
TECHNICAL DATA l
CALCULATION OF CUBIC VOLUME
IHow to calculate the weight
Weight[g]=Volume[cm
3
]MDensity
Example:Soft steel
FD=16 L=50mm, the weight is:
W= D
2
MLMDensity
IMethod for finding changes dimensions due to thermal expansion
Example:SKD11
FD=2 The volume of dimension change
when a pin of L=100mm is heated to 2Ais
=Coefficient of thermal expansionMTotal lengthMChange in temperature
=11.7M10-6M100mmM100A
=0.117[mm]
Density Young's modulusE Thermal expansion coefficient
IFinding strain with Young's modulus E
ExampleFind amount of strain when load P=1000kgf is applied
to F10ML60 pin.(Material:SKD11)
Sectional area A=
Q
4
D
2
ICharacteristics of Metals
Material
Duralumin A7075
Aluminum A1100
Titanium
Cemented carbide V30
Oxygen free copper C1020
Cast iron
Soft steel
Powdered high-speed steel(HAP40)
Truncated cylinder
Pyramid
Spherical crown
Ellipsoid
Solid Volume V Volume V Solid Solid Volume V
A=Area of base
=Radius of inscribed circle
=Length of a side of a regular polygon
=Number of the sides of a regular
polygon
a is the radius.
In case of a spheroid
(b=c)
Spherical segment
Torus
Spherical belt
Barrel When circumference makes a
curve equal to the circular arc,
When its periphery makes a
curve equal to a parabolic line,
A,a=Area of both ends
Hollow cylinder
Truncated pyramid
Circular cone
Sphere
IStrength of bolts
Yield stress in strength class 12.9 is b=112kgf/mm
2
.
Allowable stress t=b/safety factor(safety factor is 5 from the above table)
IFatigue strength of bolts(In case of screws:Fatigue strength is 2 million times)
Nominal
diameter
of thread
Strength rank
Fatigue strength
*
Allowable load Fatigue strength
*
Allowable load
Effective
sectional area
As
mm
2
Avoid using the dowel pins in such a way
as load is applied to the screw part.
Fatigue strength* is corrected excerpt from "Estimated values of fatigue
limit of metric screw threads for machine screws, bolts and nuts"(Yamamoto).
1)When tensile load is applied to the bolt
Core diameter d1
6/4 Brass C2801
As=Qd
2
/4
PD-11 1st