1WiMAX Air Interface Measurements

WiMAX Air Interface Measurements
2007 Rohde & Schwarz

1
Heinz MELLEIN, R&S
Technology Management Systems & Projects
HeinzMellein@rohde-schwarz.com
2
List of content
Description of OFDMA signals
WiMAX Transmitter
Adaptive Modulation
Time and frequency domain power
WiMAX Receiver
PER, BLER, BER etc.
WiMAX operational measurements
Ranging
RSSI and CQI
RF certification measurements
3
c+9
c+8
c+7
c+6
c+5
c+4
c+2
c+1
c
k+8 k+7 k+6 k+5 k+4 k+3 k+2 k+1 k
OFDM(A) signal description
Number
of sub
channels
Number of OFDM
symbols
Data
region
Burst
symbol
offset
sub channel
offset
DL PUSC SLOT:
Minimum possible data unit:
2 symbols x 1 subchannel
= 48 symbols
= 96 Bits (QPSK)
= 192 Bits (16QAM)
= 288 Bits (64QAM)
symbol
index
subchannel index
Reminder: 1 subchannel = 24 not necessarily adjacent frequency carriers
4
Symbol 1
Symbol 2
OFDM signal analysis
Symbol 1
e.g. DL OFDM Preamble
Symbol 2
e.g. DL OFDM data
5
List of content
WiMAX Transmitter
Adaptive Modulation
WiMAX Receiver
PER, BLER, BER etc.
Ranging
RSSI and CQI
6
90
c
q
(t)
FIR
Phase
noise
Clock rate
(jitter)
Orthogonality
Compression
Compression
LO
feedthrough
h(t)
h(t)
Frequency error
c
I
(t)
Amplification I
Amplification Q
Factors Affecting Modulation Quality
7
Adaptive Modulation
1/>2
1 -1 1/>10
3/>10
I
Q
QPSK
BPSK
Factors 1/>2 (QPSK) resp. 1/>10 (16-QAM) to maintain constant total transmit power.
Factor 1/>42 for optional 64-QAM.
16-QAM
64-QAM
8
Adaptive Modulation
QPSK
16-QAM
64-QAM
BPSK
9
Quadrature
component
Ideal
symbol point
Error
vector Measured
symbol point
Phase
error
In phase
component
I
ref
Q
ref
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
V
e
c
t
o
r
Error vector
shifted to origin
Phase of
error vector
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
v
e
c
t
o
r
Amplitude (magnitude)
error
Error
vector
m
agnitude
Definition of Modulation Errors
10
S/N = 20 dB
S/N = 30 dB
11
Modulation Symbol Power
} , Re{ QPSK data
} , Im{ QPSK data
1
2
1
2
1
} , Re{ BPSK preamble

} , Im{ BPSK preamble
2
4
2
4
} , Re{ BPSK pilot

} , Im{ BPSK pilot
1 1
} , Re{ BPSK pilot
} , Im{ BPSK pilot
3
4
3
4
|
.
|
\
|
=
k
w pilot
2
1
2 } Re{
|
.
|
\
|
=
k
w BPSK preamble
2
1
2 4 } , Re{
|
.
|
\
|
=
k
w pilot
2
1
3
8
} Re{
|
.
|
\
|
=
k
w QPSK data
2
1
2 } , Re{
|
.
|
\
|
=
k
w QPSK data
2
1
2 } , Im{
0 } Im{ = preamble
0 } Im{ = pilot 0 } Im{ = pilot
w
k
= {0,1}
k = carrier index
DL pilot
Boost 2.5 dB
Preamble
Boost 9 dB
12
Time domain power - frequency domain power !
=
subcarrier
subcarrier FD symbol TD
P P
, ,
preamble FD preamble FD WiBro preamble TD
preamble FD
FFT
used
preamble TD
P dB P P
P
N
N
P
, , , ,
, ,
7 . 5 )
1024
284
log( 10
) log( 10
+ = + =
+ =
Example:
Preamble power
Profile 1A (Wibro)
13
Frequency domain power aspects
dB P
dB P
dB P
P
Pilots Data
Pilots
Data
P P
Pilots Data
Pilots Data
19 , 0 )
7
10 10 6
log( 10
85 . 1
66 . 0
)
7
10 10 6
log( 10
185 , 0 066 , 0
&
10 10
&
=
+
=
=
=
+
=
Example:
Data carrier power
vs. Pilot carrier power
Pilot Boost
factor
14
Time domain power aspects
)
1
10 10
log( 10
10 10
Pr
+
+
=
N
N
P
eamble Zone
P P
Subframe
Subframe
Zone with N symbols
T
i
m
e

d
o
m
a
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
time
TD Power
Zone
TD Power
Preamble
TD power subframe
15
OFDM specific: Spectral flatness
16
Time
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
1.00e-07
1.00e-06
1.00e-05
1.00e-04
1.00e-03
1.00e-02
1.00e-01
1.00e+00
+ 10 dB + 20 dB
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
Power above Average
Only values above mean are considered.
Probability of peaks above mean value.
High Peak values appear less frequently.
Crest factor ~ 15 dB
Power Amplifier Design: Crest Factor
17
List of content
WiMAX Transmitter
Adaptive Modulation
WiMAX Receiver
PER, BLER, BER etc.
Ranging
RSSI and CQI
18
WiMAX receiver performance
Sensitivity (AWGN, Fading)
Selectivity (interferer)
Sensitivity (AWGN, Fading)
Selectivity (interferer)
SNR
CIR
BER
BLER
PER
PingER
BER: Bit Error Rate
BLER: Block Error Rate
PER: Packet Error Rate
PingER: Ping Error Rate
AWGN: Additive White Gaussian Noise
SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio
CIR: Carrier to Interference Ratio
19
WiMAX receiver measurement methods
Paket Error Rate
(PER)
Block Error Rate
(BLER)
Bit Error Rate
(BER)
Convergence
Layer
MAC Layer
ARQ Process
Channel
Codec
Convergence
Layer
MAC Layer
ARQ Process
Channel
Codec
Ping Error Rate
PHY Layer
HARQ Process
PHY Layer
HARQ Process
ICMP/IP Layer ICMP/IP Layer
20
Receiver Sensitivity Evaluation
( )
( )
R
MHz
F
N
N
SNR dBm R
dB dB R SNR F
N
N
K
Hz
dBm
R
impLoss NF R SNR F
N
N
kT R
S
FFT
used
RX SS
RX S
FFT
used
SS
RX S
FFT
used
SS
log 10 log 10 log 10 101
5 8 log 10 log 10 log 10 ) 290 (@ 174
log 10 log 10 log 10
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + =
+ + + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
+ + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
k = Boltzmann constant factor (1.380610
-23
J/K)
N
used
= Number of occupied subcarriers
N
FFT
= FFT size (e.g. 1024)
F
S
= Sampling Frequency
SNR
RX
= Modulation & Coding specific reference SNR
R = Repetition factor {1,2,4,6}
NF = Noise Figure: 8 dB as defined by IEEE 802.16e-2005
impLoss = Implementation Loss: 5 dB as defined by IEEE 802.16e-2005
21
Example: Preamble Sensitivity
BPSK RX SS
S
FFT
used
S
FFT
used
RX SS
SNR dBm dB dB SNR dBm R
MHz F
R
N
N
R
MHz
F
N
N
SNR dBm R
+ = + + =
=
=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + =
6 , 96 0 10 6 , 5 101
10
1
1024
284
log 10 log 10 log 10 101
SNR
BPSK
BER
22
ARQ and HARQ
23
List of content
WiMAX Transmitter
Adaptive Modulation
WiMAX Receiver
PER, BLER, BER etc.
Ranging
RSSI and CQI
24
Ranging procedure
BROADCAST: FP, UCD, DCD, DL-MAP, UL-MAP
RNG-RSP RNG-REQ BASIC MANAGEMENT
Description of downlink and uplink
Ranging to determine power, frequency, timing
RNG-REQ
CDMA code
RNG-RSP
Power offset
Frequency offset
Timing offset
Ranging types
Initial Ranging (IR)
Periodic Ranging
Handoff Ranging
25
Ranging Region
26
Ranging parameters
BROADCAST: FP, UCD, DCD, DL-MAP, UL-MAP
DCD
BS_EIRP
EIRxP
IR,max
UCD
Backoff window
Ranging codes
Power steps
UL-MAP
Ranging
region
allocation
RSS EIRP BS EIRxP P
IR MAX IR TX
+ = _
max , _ _
27
Ranging channel
4
1
s
u
b
c
h
a
n
n
e
l

=

6

t
i
l
e
s

=

2
4

s
u
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
1
4
4

B
i
t
s

r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
g

t
h
e

R
a
n
g
i
n
g

C
o
d
e

X
28
Ranging opportunities
29
Initial ranging power
RSS EIRP BS EIRxP P
IR MAX IR TX
+ = _
max , _ _
30
Received Signal Strength Indication
Estimates of mean and standard deviation of RSSI required from MSS by BS
No demodulation required: Measurement in time domain (index k) only
However, for BS related measurements preamble demodulation is required!
Method of estimation is vendor specific (e.g. selection of ADC resolution etc.)
Range -123 dBm (0x00) .. -40 dBm (0x53) in steps of 1 dB
Absolute accuracy requirement: 4 dB, Relative accuracy requirement: 2 dB
Reporting towards BS using REP_RSP message
REP_RSP = Report Response Message (SS BS)
) ]) [ ( ] [ log(| 5 ] [
0 , ]) 0 [ ( ] 1 [ ) 1 (
0 , ]) 0 [ (
] [
]) [ log( 10 ] [
0 ], [ ] 1 [ ) 1 (
0 ], 0 [
] [
2 2
,
2 2
2
2
,
k k x k
k R k x
k R
k x
k k
k k R k
k R
k
RSSI
RSSI
dBm RSSI
avg
RSSI
avg
RSSI
RSSI dBm RSSI
avg RSSI avg
RSSI
o
o o

o o
=

)
> +
=
=
=
)
`
> +
=
=
Mean Value
Standard Deviation
Averaging Factor
provided by BS
31
Carrier to Interference & Noise Ratio
Estimates of mean and standard deviation of CINR required from MSS by BS
Demodulation required for reference signal re-calculation:
Measurement in time (index k) and frequency domain (sub carrier index n )
Method of estimation is vendor specific
Range -10 dB .. +53 dB in steps of 1 dB
Reporting towards BS using REP_RSP message
REP_RSP = Report Response Message (SS BS)
) ]) [ ( ] [ log(| 5 ] [
0 , ]) [ ( ] 1 [ ) 1 (
0 , | ] 0 [ |
] [
]) [ log( 10 ] [
0 ], [ ] 1 [ ) 1 (
0 ], 0 [
] [
) , ( ) , (
) , (
] [
2 2
,
2 2
2
2
,
1
0
2
1
0
2
k k x k
k k CINR k x
k CINR
k x
k k
k k CINR k
k CINR
k
n k s n k r
n k s
k CINR
CINR
CINR
dB CINR
avg
CINR
avg
CINR
CINR dB CINR
avg CINR avg
CINR
N
n
N
n
o
o o

o o
=

)
> +
=
=
=
)
`
> +
=
=
=
Mean Value
Standard Deviation
Re-calculated reference signal
(ideal signal)
Received signal
Averaging Factor
provided by BS
32
Measurements w/o averaging factor
) ]) [ ( ] [ log(| 5 ] [
0 ], 1 [
0 , ]) 0 [ (
] [
]) [ log( 10 ] [
0 ], 1 [
0 ], 0 [
] [
2 2
,
2
2
2
,
k k x k
k k x
k R
k x
k k
k k
k R
k
RSSI
RSSI
dBm RSSI
RSSI
RSSI
RSSI dBm RSSI
RSSI
RSSI
o

=
)
`
>
=
=
=
)
`
>
=
=
Meas period [k] Meas period [k+1] Meas Period [k+2]
Report
(k),R(k)
Meas Period [k+2]
Report
(k),R(k)
Report
(k+1),R(k)
Reporting period t
) ]) [ ( ] [ log(| 5 ] [
0 ], 1 [
0 , | ] 0 [ |
] [
]) [ log( 10 ] [
0 ], 1 [
0 ], 0 [
] [
) , ( ) , (
) , (
] [
2 2
,
2
2
2
,
1
0
2
1
0
2
k k x k
k k x
k CINR
k x
k k
k k
k CINR
k
n k s n k r
n k s
k CINR
CINR
CINR
dB CINR
CINR
CINR
CINR dB CINR
CINR
CINR
N
n
N
n
o

=
)
`
>
=
=
=
)
`
>
=
=
=
33
List of content
WiMAX Transmitter
Adaptive Modulation
WiMAX Receiver
PER, BLER, BER etc.
Ranging
RSSI and CQI
34
Wave 1 MSS test cases
Development MS Transmit/Receive switching gap MS-20.1
Delivered MS Transmit Synchronisation MS-19.1
Delivered MS Transmitter Relative Constellation Error MS-18.1
Delivered MS Transmitter Spectral Flatness MS-17.1
Missing Signaling MS Transmit Power Control Support MS-16.1
Delivered MS Transmit Power Dynamic Range and relative step acc. MS-15.1
Missing Meas Function MS Transmit Ranging Support MS-13.1
Delivered MS Transmitter Modulation & Coding, CP and Frame Timing MS-12.1
Missing DUT support MS Receiver Support for Handoff MS-11.1
Missing DUT support MS Transmit and Receive HARQ MS-10.1
Development MS Receiver Sensitivity MS-09.1
Delivered MS Receiver Maximum Input Signal MS-08.1
Delivered MS Receiver Selectivity MS-07.1
Development MS Receiver Physical CINR Measurement MS-05.1
Delivered MS Receiver RSSI Measurement MS-04.1
Delivered MS Receiver Preamble MS-02.1
Open Spec Issues MS Receiver Maximum Tolerable Signal MS-01.1
Status Description MRCT REF
35
WiMAX BS Wave 1 test cases
BS-01.1 RX maximum tolerable signal
BS-03.1 RX ranging support
BS-04.1 RX adjacent and non-adjacent channel selectivity
BS-05.1 RX maximum input level on-channel reception tolerance
BS-06.1 RX sensitivity
BS-07.1 TX Modulation and Coding
BS-08.1 TX CP, Symbol Timing and Frame Duration Timing
BS-09.1 TX Preambles
BS-10.1 TX Power Range
BS-11.1 TX Spectral Flatness
BS-12.1 TX Relative Constellation Error
BS-13.1 Synchronisation
BS-14.1 Receive and Transmit HARQ
BS-16.1 Receive and Transmit switching gaps
36
Thank You!
Thank You!

1WiMAX Air Interface Measurements

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

1WiMAX Air Interface Measurements

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

WiMAX Air Interface Measurements

2007 Rohde & Schwarz

} , Re{ BPSK preamble

} , Re{ BPSK pilot

Вам также может понравиться