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CE421: Transportation Engineering
Instructor: Deo Leo Manalo, Ph.D.
Email: deoleomanalo@yahoo.com
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
2sem.2011
Land Transport

Air Transport
Water Transport

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Infrastructure
roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and
pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway
stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking
terminals, refueling depots, and seaport
Vehicle
automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks,
people, helicopters, and aircraft.
Operations
procedures, financing, legalities and policies
Vehicle
Route or path
Terminal facilities
Prime Mover
Transit time and cost
Cargo
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Transportation Systems
The dimension of vehicles, its capacity and
type are some of the factors, which influence
the selection of a transport system for
movement of goods from one place to the
other
Road transport - capacity, moving dimensions, and
speed of the vehicle are very important
Rail transport - line capacity, type and general
availability of wagons
Water transport - size, speed and type of ship to be
used are very important
Air transport speed and handling is of great
importance
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surface roads, navigable waterways and
roadways
determinant of effectiveness of various
modes of transport
determines the speed, cost, and capacity
of transportation
routes must have adequate capacity to
absorb traffic demand
congestion of routes may lead to higher
maintenance cost, accident and delays
Facilities for loading & unloading of goods
Facilities for boarding & alighting of pax
Facilities also affect the cost of
transportation
Adequate storage. L/UL, marshalling yards,
weighing equipment, security check
Adequate waiting area, pax information,
ticketing, security check
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power utilized for moving of vehicles for
transportation of cargo from one place to
another
Prime mover also dictate the level of service
outcomes
time element is a valid factor for
determining the effectiveness of a
particular mode of transport
cost is an essential element of transporting
goods from one place to another
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involves movement of cargo from one
place to another
nature and size of cargo constitute the basis
of any goods transport system
choosing a mode of transportation is the
least cost per unit weight / volume of the
product moved over a unit distance
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Economy of scale is the cost per unit weight
decreases as the size of the shipment increases
Cost decreases because the fixed cost of the carrier is
allocated over a larger weight of shipment
Economy of distance is the cost per unit weight
decreases as distance increases
Longer distances allow fixed cost of the carrier to be
spread over more miles, lowering the per mile charge
Goal is to maximize the size of the load and
distance shipped while still meeting service
expectations
For the transportation managers, cost,
speed and reliability are the most important
factors while selecting from amongst the
available transportation options
Preference of vehicles depends on factors
like safety, cost, speed, travel time and
operating characteristics
What is important to you in transportation?
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Speed is the elapsed movement time from
origin to destination
Availability is ability of a mode to service
any given pair of locations
Dependability is the potential variance from
expected delivery schedule
Capability is the ability to handle any load
size or configuration
Frequency is the quantity of scheduled
movements a mode can handle
'Lowest number is best
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Small to medium shipments
Heavily used for high value and
international shipments
Cost is relatively high
Advantages are speed and ability to
handle fragile freight
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Used occasionally for small shipments of
large items into rural areas
Used for mostly bulk cargo
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Materials are loaded into a container and
the container is loaded onto a ship
The container is offloaded at the destination
point, transferred to either highway or
railway to the final destination
Shipments are usually by full container of
20ft or 40ft
Small packages via postal services
Some carriers are expanding into LTL
territory
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Oil, gas and some other type of
commodities
Efficient in long hauls
In-transit privileges
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Offers flexibility and speed
Do not require terminals and fixed
administrative cost are spread over more
weight
Accounts to majority of tonnage
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