Power Train Service Manual Wagner Scooptrams

92 07-96 5566071301
Wheels And Tires
General
Tires are among the most expensive maintenance
items on a Scooptram. As a result, an effective
wheel and tire maintenance program can pay big
dividends in improved productivity and longer
tire life.
The material in this section will not attempt to
establish a detailed tire maintenance program,
but will identify several major areas to consider
in establishing your own maintenance program.
They include: Road Maintenance, Wheel and
Tire Inspection and Maintenance, Air Pressure
Inspection, and Tire Sizing Policy.
Other areas not included in this section, but must
be included as an integral part of any mainte-
nance programs, are: Records Maintenance, Per-
sonnel Training (both mechanic and driver), and
Wheel and Tire Handling Equipment.
Road Maintenance
Efficient and systematic maintenance of haul-
ageways is very important, but is usually over-
looked as a means of improving tire life.
Conscientious maintenance prevents excess road
crown and ensures prompt repair of ruts or
chuckholes, and removal of rock spillage or
sharp objects imbedded in the road surface.
Maintaining proper drainage of the haulageway
will prevent water from accumulating and hiding
tire damaging road hazards.
Maintenance of loading and dumping areas is
just as important as the haulageway. The same
hazards outlined above will put a tire out of ser-
vice just as quickly in these areas as on the haul-
ageway.
Inspection And Maintenance
Tires
Failure to make regular inspections and repairs
when needed will result in unrepairable damage
to the cord body.
Small rocks and dirt will get into shallow cuts in
the tread and, if neglected, will be gradually
pounded through the cord body. Separation of
either tread and/or plies can result from
neglected cuts.
One simple method of preventing this from
occurring is to use an awl or similar tool to clean
out the cut and remove any stones or other mat-
ter lodged in the cut. Next, use a sharp, narrow-
bladed knife and cut away the rubber around the
cut to form a cone-shaped cavity extending to
the bottom of the cut.
The sides of the cavity should be slanted enough
to prevent stones from wedging into it. Tires
with tread cuts treated in this manner may be
continued in service without danger of further
growth of these injuries.
Large cord body breaks over 1/3 of the width of
the tire cannot be economically repaired for use
in normal service.
When the damage is repairable, it should be
determined whether the anticipated remaining
service life of the tire justifies the cost of the
required repair. Tire repair records have shown
that the older the tire, the less service is received
from repairs.
Keep tires free from oil, grease, and fuel. Rubber
quickly absorbs petroleum products and then
swells and becomes soft and spongy. The dam-
age is permanent and fatal. Never clean tires
with petroleum products or allow tires to stand in
puddles of (or areas saturated with) petroleum
products. If a petroleum product does get on a
tire, promptly flush off or wipe off with water.
Wagner Scooptrams Service Manual Power Train
5566071301 07-96 93
Maintain ample tire-to-Scooptram clearance.
Maintenance personnel should carefully check
all tires on each Scooptram to make sure the tires
will not rub against any part of the Scooptram,
either on straight-away driving or on turns. Fail-
ure to ensure ample clearance results in prema-
ture tire replacement.
Wedged stones are one source of trouble. Proper
maintenance requires stones or other objects
which have become wedged between the tire and
Scooptram to be removed promptly to prevent
serious tire damage. Improperly sized fender
bolts can be another cause of premature wear.
Wheels
Wheels should be visually inspected for signs of
rust, cracking or other damage that would reduce
their reliability. If any of these conditions are
observed, take the necessary corrective action.
Damaged wheels under pressure are dangerous
and can cause severe personal injury.
Air Pressure Maintenance
Recommended Tire Pressures
A maintenance program that ignores frequent
checking of tire inflation pressures can cause the
tire to operate at temperatures which exceed the
tire capabilities and may result in premature tire
failure.
A slow loss of inflation pressure is normal.
Unless lost pressure is restored, there will be a
reduction in tire service life. Measure pressure
when tire is cold.
Inflation pressures are based on the standard
scooptram configuration; a 8 kph (5 mph) maxi-
mum speed; and the off-road rating by the Tire
and Rim Association, Inc.
Proper Inflation
1. Overinflation
2. Underinflation
3. Proper Inflation
The importance of correct inflation in off-road
tires cannot be over-emphasized. Poor tire main-
tenance almost always results in underinflated
tires, and, therefore, unnecessary tire expense.
Over-inflation results in:
1. Excessive cutting.
2. Lower impact resistance.
3. Rapid center wear.
4. Cut growth.
5. Poor re-treadability.
Under-inflation results in:
1. Ply and tread separation as a result of exces-
sive heat build up.
2. Cracking and excessive flexing.
3. Bead failures from excessive strain.
4. Tubeless liner separation from heat.
5. Rapid wear from tread disfiguration.
6. Rapid wear from heat, reducing the cut resis-
tance and wearing ability of the tread rubber
compound.
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Power Train Service Manual Wagner Scooptrams
94 07-96 5566071301
Tire Rolling Radius
Another important item to consider in your tire
maintenance program is the rolling radius of the
tires on a vehicle.
Important: NEVER put different sized tires on a
Scooptram.
When the rolling radius of tires on the same axle
is different, they are not traveling at the same
speed. The tire with the smaller rolling radius is
traveling faster than the one with the larger roll-
ing radius. This sets up a continuous stress on
the axle components which is relieved by tire
skid. When the rolling radius difference occurs
between the front and rear axles on a four-wheel
drive vehicle this additional stress is amplified
throughout the entire drivetrain.
Improper inflation is the most common cause of
a difference in rolling radius. Two identical tires
which are not equally inflated will have a differ-
ent rolling radius. The tire with less air in it will
have to turn more revolutions to cover a given
distance than the tire with more air in it.
Other reasons for a difference in the rolling
radius would be the use of different sized tires,
or unequally worn tires, on the vehicle.
Atlas-Copco Wagner, Inc. recommends that the
tire rolling radius tolerances be matched as
shown in the following table:
Type of Differential
Standard:
Side to side 4%
Front to rear 4%
No-Spin:
Side to side 2%
Front to rear 4%
Limited Slip:
Side to side 2-3%
Front to rear 4%
Note: If the mis-match is larger than 2%, one
side of the no-spin will disengage (the smaller
tire). The other side will carry all of the torque.
Example:
30" RR tire +/- 4% = 31.2" RR to 28.8" RR.
Driving Practices
A proper tire maintenance program and main-
taining haulageways in good condition cannot
guarantee optimum service life of tires. Poor
driving practices are a major cause of excessive
wear and permanent damage.
Drivers can help to reduce tire costs by:
Avoiding obstacles and keeping away from
chuckholes or other hazards, which can damage
tires.
Not climbing or driving up on the ore pile. Such
practice subjects tires to cutting and concen-
trated impact. Operators should lower the bucket
when approaching the ore pile, to clear the work
area.
Preventing excessive braking. Heat developed by
braking may be transferred to the beads (and/or
inner liner of tubeless tires), causing these areas
to become charred or cracked.
Not letting tires rub against side walls or against
barriers erected to facilitate unloading.
Avoiding taking turns at high speeds and driving
in the lowest gear applicable.
The driver who drives carefully and who makes
a reasonable attempt to prevent tire damage
saves a substantial amount of money on tire
costs.