Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning

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Ten Principles of Multimedia
Learning
Examples
In 2006 Richard E Mayer set out
"Ten Principles for Multimedia
Learning" based on his research
at the University of California,
Santa Barbara.
This blog gives you the
opportunity to agree or not with
Mayer's ten principles.
To start with look at a few example educational
pages,do they totally support support Mayer's
principles? or are there any snags?Try a few
examples from multimedia educational sites
around the web. Do they support Mayer's
principles - or not?
Keep the ten principles in mind as you surf - add
your own examples that support one or more of
Mayer's principles.
Found a site you think proves or disproves a
principle?
Think the principle drives a coach and horses
through the principles of good web design?
Post your comment on any of the examples here
and tell the world why.
Sunday, November 02, 2008
Multimedia principle:
People learn better from words and pictures than from
The Ten Principles
1. Multimedia Principle:
People learn better from word
and pictures than from words
alone.
2. Contiguity Principle:
People learn better when
when corresponding words
and pictures are presented
near rather than far from each
other in time or on the screen.
3. Coherence Principle:
People learn better when
extraneous words, pictures,
and sounds are excluded
rather than included.
4. Modality Principle:
People learn better from words
and pictures when words are
spoken rather than printed.
5. Redundancy Principle:
People learn better from
animation and narration than
from animation, narration and
on screen text.
6. Personalization
Principle:
People learn better when
words are presented in a
conversational style, rather
than formal style.
7. Voice Principle:
People learn better when
words are spoken in a non-
accented human voice than in
a machine voice or accented
voice.
Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning
http://ericsnewblog.blogspot.in/[14-01-2013 10:54:55]
words alone.
Which of these two examples do you
think gives you the information you need?
Which is better for learning?
Are they doing the same job?
What is the target audience for each?
http://amasci.com/amateur/trshort.html
http://www.learnabout-
electronics.org/bipolar_junction_transistors_04.php
Posted by Bus stop 2 comments:
Contiguity principle:
People learn better when corresponding words and
pictures are presented near rather than far from each
other in time or on the screen.
Here's an example of a
technical diagram with
appropriate labels. The
descriptive text is also close
by; Aha but a snag! try the
translation gadget offered
(bottom left) and see what happens to the diagram
labels...... Click the link. Can you think of a solution?
http://www.learnabout-electronics.org/ssr_01.php
Posted by Bus stop No comments:
Coherence Principle:
People learn better when extraneous words, pictures,
and sounds are excluded rather than included.
For our younger viewers?
How Stuff Works is a popular
learning site. Here we look
at the topic area of
transistors again. Do you
think Mayer's Coherence
principle could be applied
here?
Maybe you would like to choose a short video to explain the
transistor topic more fully?
Maybe you're just bored and would like to surf around?
You may still be learning - but what was it we came here
for?
Posted by Bus stop No comments:
Modality Principle:
8. Signaling Principle:
People learn better when the
voice signals important words
rather than when there are no
signals.
9. Interactivity Principle:
People learn better when they
can control the pace of
presentation than when they
receive continuous
presentation.
10. Pretraining principle:
People learn better when they
receive pretraining on each
component rather than no
pretraining.
Find out more about Professor
Mayer's research at:
http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/pe
ople/faculty/mayer/index.php
Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning
http://ericsnewblog.blogspot.in/[14-01-2013 10:54:55]
People learn better from words and pictures when
words are spoken, rather than printed.
Here's an example from Adobe .com.
When does entertaining become
annoying?
How many times will you need to view
the video before you can remember all
the steps?
Better that boring old lists of
instructions?
Instructions better 'cos you can print them out?
Click comments to praise or pan adobe!
Posted by Bus stop No comments:
Redundancy Principle:
People learn better from animation and narration than
from animation, narration and on screen text.
Animations are great for learning. Here's an example (yes a
transistor again) that the learner can play with - its
interactive.
According to principle 5 it would
be improved if the instructions
were spoken.
Is that possible with an
interactive animation such as
this?
What would happen as you
advance the slider and the instructions change?
Is it helpful to have a written explanation to look at as you
try different parts of the animation?
Just how would you apply principle 5 to this example?
Posted by Bus stop 1 comment:
Personalization Principle:
People learn better when words are presented in a
conversational style, rather than formal style.
What is your "Conversational" style?
So how do you like your stuff shoving at you dude?
Do you think casual's best?
Do you prefer your personal learning materials to be offered
in a more formal manner?
More formal more accurate? More informative?
Well this is one principle I'd like to modify. How about:
People learn better when words are presented in a language
that is suited to the expected audience?
Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning
http://ericsnewblog.blogspot.in/[14-01-2013 10:54:55]
Can you use "Formal" language and still be fun?
Try a page or two from the University of Texas' site for
French Language learners.
Posted by Bus stop 1 comment:
Voice Principle:
People learn better when words are spoken in a non-
accented human voice than in a machine voice or
accented voice.
Seems that the question of accent is dependent on who the
listener is. Non-accented to one user is quite likely to be
accented to another.
Of course there is always "Received pronunciation" (RP) but
how does that fit with the conversational style required by
principle 6?
Again - who is your target audience?
Posted by Bus stop No comments:
Signaling Principle:
People learn better when the voice signals important
words rather than when there are no signals.
Sounds can be helpful.
Sounds can be Fun.
Sounds can highlight important stuff
Sounds can be lethal
When sounds annoy
And learners say
That's enough!
Posted by Bus stop No comments:
Interactivity Principle:
People learn better when they can control the pace of
presentation than when they receive continuous
presentation.
Too much to take in? Let learners set the pace by using
short sections, pages that they dont have to scroll through
but can read one one (or not much more) screen.
Use short videos and sound clips.
Use animations the user can control.
Posted by Bus stop No comments:
Wednesday, October 29, 2008
Pretraining principle:
People learn better when they receive pretraining on
Ten Principles of Multimedia Learning
http://ericsnewblog.blogspot.in/[14-01-2013 10:54:55]

each component rather than no pretraining.
What's it all about. We learn more effectively when we know
what we should be learning.
Without effective pre-training it's like being lost and on
asking the way, being told, "Well if I'd have been going
there, I wouldn't have started from here!"
Posted by Bus stop No comments:
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