1

Vestigial Sideband (VSB)

Modulation
2
VSB Modulation
Basic idea
Signal generation
VSB Demodulation
Heterodyning
Vestigial Sideband (VSB) Modulation
3
Vestigial Sideband Transmission
Vestigial sideband (VSB) transmission is a compromise between
DSB and SSB
In VSB modulation, one passband is passed almost completely
whereas only a residual portion of the other sideband is retained in
such a way that the demodulation process can still reproduce the
original signal.
f
c
f
c
0 f
X
DSB
(f)
f
c
f
c
0 f
X
VSB
(f)
VSB signals are easier to generate because some roll-off in filter
edges is allowed. This results in system simplification. And their
bandwidth is only slightly greater than that of SSB signals (-25 %).
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Generation of VSB Signal
The filtering operation can be represented by a filter H(f) that
passes some of the lower (or upper) sideband and most of the
upper (or lower) sideband.
) ( )] ( ) ( [ ) (
2
1
2
1
f H f f M f f M f X
c c VSB
+ + =
m(t)
5
VSB Modulation
Basic idea
Signal generation
VSB Demodulation
Heterodyning
Vestigial Sideband (VSB) Modulation
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Demodulation of VSB Signal
The spectral density of the received vestigial-sideband signal is
) ( )] ( ) ( [ ) (
2
1
2
1
f H f f M f f M f X
c c VSB
+ + =
The output of the synchronous detector is
LP c VSB
t f t x t m ] 2 cos ) ( [ ) ( =
[ ] [ ]
[ ]
LP
c c
LP
c
LP
c D
f f H f f H f M
f f H f M f f H f M f M
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
4
1
4
1
4
1
+ + =
+ + =
For faithful reproduction of x(t), we require that
. constant, )] ( ) ( [
m LP c c
f f f f H f f H = + +
LPF
m
D
(t)
cos 2f
c
t
x
VSB
(t)
Synchronous Demodulation
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Synchronous Demodulation of
VSB Signal

c
0

X
VSB
()

c
0

X
d
()
2
c
2
c

c
0

X
o
()
After
LPF
After
mixer
Received
VSB
signal
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. constant, )] ( ) ( [
m LP c c
f f f f H f f H = + +
By letting the constant be 2H(f
c
) :
m c LP c c
f f f H f f H f f H = + + ), ( 2 )] ( ) ( [
Thus, H() exhibits odd symmetry around the carrier frequency
c
.
The sum of the values of H() at any two frequencies equally
displaced above and below
c
is unity.
H()
H(
c
)
H(+
c
)
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Television picture signal has nominal bandwidth of 4.5MHz
If DSB modulation is used, it requires at least 9MHz for each TV
channel.
So, VSB modulation is used so that the whole TV signal is
confined to about 6MHz.
Example of VSB Signal: TV Signal
See pp. 122
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VSB Modulation
Basic idea
Signal generation
VSB Demodulation
Heterodyning
Vestigial Sideband (VSB) Modulation
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Heterodyning
t
LO
cos
t t m
RF
cos ) (
Synchronization
Bandpass filter
Center Frequency

IF
t t m
IF
cos ) (
Local
Oscillator

RF
: Radio frequency

LO
:Local oscillator
LO

IF
: Intermediate frequency
IF
Heterodyning means the translating or shifting in frequency.
By heterodyning the incoming signal at
RF
with the local oscillator
frequency
LO
, the message is translated to an intermediate frequency

IF
, which is equal to either the sum or the difference of
RF
and
IF
.
If
IF
= 0, the bandpass filter becomes a low-pass filter and the original
baseband signal is presented at the output. This is called homodyning.
t t m
LO RF
) cos( ) ( =
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Heterodyning: Image Response
Another channel located at
c
+2
IF
will produce a heterodyned
output that overlaps with that from
c
.
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Heterodyning: Image Response
Methods to solve the image response in heterodyne
receiver
1. Careful selection of intermediate frequency
IF
for a
given frequency band.
2. Attenuate the image signal before heterodyning
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Superheterodyne Receiver See pp. 121-124
Radio-
Frequency
(RF) filter
and amplifier
Intermediate--
Frequency
(IF) filter
and amplifier
Demodulator
Output
Local
Oscillator
In superheterodyne receiver:
1.
IF
is fixed (e.g.
IF
=455 kHz in AM radio)
2. Tuning is achieved in RF and LO section
0 <
IF
<
RF
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Superheterodyne Receiver
Attenuated image
Image attenuation
Response/transfer function of
RF amplifier and filter
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We have introduced linear modulation. In
particular,
DSB-SC, Double sideband suppressed carrier
DSB-LC, Double sideband large carrier (AM)
SSB, Single sideband
VSB, Vestigial sideband
Summary