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MAKING TIME
Nobody likes to think that they waste time, but not only is it easy to do so,
half the time we may even realize we are doing it.
Working out how to make effective use of our time requires us to examine
some of the things which are getting in the way.
Much of the secrets of managing time has to do with how well organized
we are. If we have a low regard for administrative procedures, we will
probably find the idea of being organized rather a nuisance. In fact, being
well organized will help us save large amounts of time-always provided we
do not become so obsessed with the systems to save time, that once again,
we waste it.
2. What does one do that could and should be done by someone else?
For example:
• We (or others) are still doing something unnecessary because it
has always been done that way since anyone can remember. Do
we know what happens to this work? Is the output genuinely
uselful to us or others, or does it simply get filed or stored and
never looked at again?
• People will learn very quickly that if they have a problem we will sort
it for them.
What is more, many will resent our help, while others will cease to bother
trying in the first place.
In the meantime, our own efficiency is at risk and we may end up having to
delegate tasks we are responsible for to those who cannot do them well
enough-and who then need us to help them once more.
• We are not personally organized and cannot find all the relevant
things we require to complete the job.
• We find the task demanding because we have not taken the time to
inform ourself properly.
• Having second thoughts after people have already done a great deal of
work.
• Forgetting to pass on new information so people are still working on
old, out-of-date information.
• Asking people to see us about something and then neglecting to have
the relevant papers or material to hand, so we waste time looking for
time.
• Holding imprompt meetings that have no agenda, so people do not
know what the meeting is about and cannot prepare themselves.
• Allowing interruptions so that discussion lasts much longer than it
should and is less effective.
• Keeping punctual people waiting (with or without an explanation)
because we are running late.
If you plead guilty to any of these,think how much time in total is being lost
through our actions.For example: if our lack of preparation for a meeting of
10 people means that it lasts 25 minutes longer than necessary, we have
wasted a total of 250 minutes which is more than half a working day.
Excuses
If a task is taking a long time because we find it difficult, we will not be able
to do all that is required of us, so we will end up falling behind. If we are
avoiding that task, it will not go away and will ultimately end up as a self-
imposed crisis- and crises are prize methods of wasting time.
There are plenty of plausible reasons for not being able to get things done
on time. But as everyone has the same amount of time at their disposal, it
must be the way individuals manage time which makes the difference.In
fact,there is no such thing as not having enough time to do something.One
can always make time.What is missing is the inclination.
The next time we find ourself or others saying “I haven’t got time…..”
think about why we or they don’t want to do it.
People fail to get things done on time because:
• Does one find it difficult to say what he have done during a day?
• Does one tend to take over other people’s work for them?
• One spends a little time to think about how he use his time.
• One can identify some of the things he is doing that waste his time.
• One can identify some of the things he may be doing which wastes
other people’s time.
• One can recognize which reasons are really excuses for not
completing something, or for not doing something at all.
• One can clearly indicate his main achievements at the end of each
day.
Churchill once said that if we want a thing done,we should give it to a busy
peson. Busy people seem better at controlling time than others.They seem to
be able to cram more things into their day than anyone else. Because these
people are busy, they will always find a way to fit what is required into their
schedule.The reasons for this may be because:
• They are fully aware of what they are responsible for producing.
Knowing Our Responsibilities
In busines, every job has a job title and, by implication a job description that
outlines those areas for which we are personally responsible.
It is by full awareness of what we are there to do,what we should be doing
and compared with what we actually are doing.
If we donot have a job description, its a good idea to construct one for
ourself. Identify the main responsibilities of our job. Make a list of the tasks
we need to accomplish to do the work effectively.Think carefully about what
the real scope of our job, and how it contributes to the overall effectiveness
of our busines or profession.
We may find ourself doing certain things which are not central to ensuring
effective performance in our work. They may be fun and enjoyable,but we
need to recongnize them. They are not the core tasks,for which we are being
paid.
The first step in make ourself clear about what is our responsibilities what
are we here for. Once we have understood this, it is far easier to establish our
goals and identify where our priorities lie.
Setting goals
Setting and achieving goals plays a major part in managing time. If we do
not know what we have to do,we will not know where to start.
Knowing what is important and needs to be done puts us in control of
events rather than events being in control of us.This way we stand a chance
of achieving what is required of us in the time available. Goals are
useful.They help us to:
• Help others understand what is happening and how they fit into the
scheme.
Knowing our goals prevents us from wasting time.To set goals effectively
we need to:
Identifying priorities
• Tasks which we should perform provided the top priority tasks are
being carried out.
• Tasks that have a low priorty but which are easy and fun.These
usually get done first.
Think about the nature of the things we do.Consider how much of our time
is taken up with executive activities and how much time is spent
perfvorming day-to day tasks specific to our business or profession.
Managing tasks will involve us in the following:
• Having the right people and the right materials in the right place at the
right time.
• Making sure that relevant people know what is going on and what
they have to do to ensure that things go well.
-planning,organizing,directing and controlling.
One should look at his list of priorities.If we are not performing any of the
above key functinos to any great degree, analyse what it is that we are in fact
doing and how it fits in with our key responsibilities.
We may find that difficult on us because we are better at them than they
are.Or it could be that we are held up at work ecause of a lack of the right
systems or equipment. We may not have realized that it is our competence in
executive tasks which makes a real contribution to saving time.
Summary: No Time To Lose
By identifying our responsibilities, knowing what our goals are, putting our
tasks in order of prioirty, and being able to distinguish between those tasks
that are urgent and those that are important, we will find it easier to plan
how to use our time more effectively.
If this all sounds abit exacting and time-consuming,it is worth considering
the story of the chinese emperor. He indicated to his estate manager that he
would like avenue of cedar trees to lead up to his palace. The manager
objected.”it will take 300 years for this project to come to fruition” he
pointed out. “well,” said the emperor, “you haven’t got a minute to lose.”
Think about how we go about planning our time and answer the following
questions:
• Does one fully understand what are his responsibilities and what are not
his responsibilities?
• Is one working on the right type of tasks to make more effective use of
his time?
• If one carry out the right sort of executive tasks which assist him to
manage his time better.
Organizing our time would be easier if other people did not always want
things from us so that we never seem to get our own work finished.
Whatever the day brings or the world outside demands,we need to develop a
range of strategies to help us make the best use of our time.
Parkinson’s Law states that wrok expands to fill the time available for its
completion. This is why having deadlines is important. Without them,very
little tends to happen within a sensible time-frame.
External deadlines are there to ensure the success of a project. By working
back from the deadline we can determine when we have to start-usually
yesterday. If the deadlines imposed upon us are very tight, set our own
deadlines within them-like a box within a box. This prevents us from
allowing a task to fill all the time we have available.
Put a time limit on various activities by setting our watch,travel alarm or
computer clock, to indicate when our time is up. We will be surprised how
this concentrates the mind and how much we get done in the time we have
allocated.As we get used to working within set time limits,we will find
ourself completing work in less and less time.
Tackling Large Tasks
Large tasks appear daunting and can lead to inactivity simply because we do
not know where to start. For example, if it fell to you to arrange the
relocation of the office, it is important you are not intimidated by the
complexity of the task.
The trick is to confront all large jobs by treating them as we would treat
watermelons cut them into manageable chunks. Having done so, work out a
schedule for these chunks and tackle one bit at a time. By doing this, the
large task appears to be perfectly possible and we can plot our progress
against our schedule.
Certain things need our undivided attention and we should set aside
uninterrupted time to do these things. Many people achieve this by finding
another, quieter place to work, but there are several other ways to prevent
interruptions by organizing ‘exclusive’ time:
• Have times when we are available and times when we are not to be
disturbed-and tell people which are which.
• Set our answering machine to take messages for an hour or two when
we are in fact there. This gives us space to get essential work done.we
can deal with the messages one after the other at a chosen time.
How often have we said on emerging from a meeting: “That meeting was a
complete waste of time”? For example, regular weekly meetings may have
become a white elephant without anyone noticing. But meetings need not
waste time. So if we take charge of any, make sure we know:
Every person attending should know these things in advance if the meeting
is to be productive. So if a good deal of our time is taken up by attending
meetings, make sure we know:
• The purpose of the meeting
• Our role in it
• What we are required to do after it.
If we do not know these three things, question why we are going to the
meeting in the first place; and whether we need to be present for the whole
meeting,or simply be there to make our own contribution and learn the rest
from the Minutes.
There are circumstances when a face- to face meeting is a necessary part of
the business, e.g.
• Travel with a colleague and talk shop, being careful about how much
detail we reveal.
• Clear out our brief case, making sure we take our ‘litter’ back to the
office shredder, in a plastic bag if necessary.
• Dig out receipts from our pockets,wallet and brief case and collate
them for expenses claims.
• Think about strategy, formulate plans and make notes for future
reference.
• Read those things we have meant to read for ages.
If we can schedule time for our work in a way which allows us to get things
done, we will have set aside the time to do what we need to do and we will
find that we have made time to do all sorts of things we never had time for.
By deliberately working to self-imposed time limits which prevent time for
one thing over-running and leaking into the time allocated to something else,
we will be making the best of the time available.
We will also feel more confident that we are better at making time work
for we, rather than being over-taken by it. This gives us the assurance that
we are in charge of our working life and that we can achieve the endless
numbers of things required of we on time.
One needs to ask himself these questions…..
Think about how we schedule our time and answer these questions:
• Is one planning how he will use the time he have avaiable when he
make long-distance journeys?
• Is one scheduling his activities efficiently and making best use of the
time he have at his disposal?
Saving time is easier than we think. It is all about getting ourself organized.
There are a number of excellent, practical ways of doing this.
Making Lists
Many people think they are able to do several things at the same time.They
are usually mistaken, and only end up doing things badly or not completing
them, at all. The secret is to do things consecutively by making lists to
remian ourself what we should be doing.
Making lists is a key activity in getting organized.Our lists should reflect
our priorites and contain details of what we intend to do.Writing things
down is half way to getting them done. Here are some examples of the types
of lists which will help in the process of controlling time:
• Make a list of things which must be achieved today. If the list exceeds
six things,we are unlikely to do them all. If an item stays on our for
more than three days, ask ourself why.The situation will either now be
at crisis point, have solved itself, or was not worth doing in the first
place.
• Make a list of things which we need to achieve within a limited space
of time and put them into a sensible working order.That way we will
feel that we are in control of events, rather than the other way round.
• When we have to leave our desk, write down what we want to do. If
we get side-tracked, we can easily forget what we were going for in
the first place and may return to our desk without having
accomplished even one of the things we intended to do.
Many people resist the formality of writing simple things down, but memory
can let we down. Research indicates that seven items (plus or minus two )
are the maximum number of things that can be remembered easily.
If we are interrupted when we are carrying those items in our memory, the
number of items which can be recalled becomes even less. So write down
what has to be done. That way:
• We can tick off the things we have completed which will give us a
real sense of achievement.
Handling Paperwork
There are several pitfalls which can prevent us from being properly
organized.An untidy desk, briefcase, cupboard or car may indicate that we
are unsure of how to manage ourself or our paperwork. Rather than throw
anything out we keep it all.The way to deal with paperwork is to handle it
onces, and once only. Each time a piece of paper comes our way take action
in one of the following ways:
• File it
• Act upon it
• Pass it on
• Bin it.
The last is the one that causes people the most problems because they are
reluctant to take the decision to throw a piece of paper away. It is probable
that the use of the bin as an organizational tool is given less importance than
it should be. The squirrel instinct is endemic and not one to be encouraged if
we want to manage our time more effectively. If the paper is of no use to us,
be ruthless, get rid of it.
If we really cannot bring ourself to do so, then have a tray marked fog
bound, deep litter, or what-ever, for things which we cannot make up our
mind about. After a few months, take the bottom third and,without looking
at it, throw it away. If it has not become urgent by the time we do this, it
cannot be all that important.
Finding Things
If we have a good retrieval system, we will find things quite quickly.if our
system is poor or non-existent,it is worth spending time organizing one.
Make sure we keep it simple. Few people need a complicated cross-
reference system.It rarely helps us to find things any faster and requires
more time to file in the first place.Sort out a system to suit our own needs
and make sure we know how it works so that we can find things when we
need them.Some simple filing systems are:
There are many things which can get in the way of being able to manage our
time efficiently. It is important to make sure that our lack of personal
organization is not one of them.
Keeping tidy makes it easier to find things quickly and stops we
wasting time by having to look for things in unlikely places.
Responding instantly by using emergency tactics means we will be
able to make time for most things when a real log-jam has occurred.
By being personally organized,we stay in control of what we should
and can control.
Think about how we organize ourself and answer the following questions:
• Do things stay on our ‘to do’ list for several days?
Other people are an essential part of business, but they can be great time-
wasters.Working effectively with people is part of managing our time
efficiently.
When we are busy it is tempting to say,”we shall do it ourself, that
way we shall make sure it gets done and we shall know it’s alright.”
This is fine in for a little while, when we are up against unexpectedly
tight schedules.But in the long run, if we do not spend some time teaching
someone else to do the task we will have burdened ourself with an unwanted
extra, simply because no-one else can do it.If that task takes an hour of your
time per week and if teaching someone else to do it will take a total of two
to three hours, we could save ourself nearly fifty hours in the course of the
year.
Delegating Work
Passing tasks on to others allows us more time for ourself. However, in the
‘leaner and fitter’ environment of many businesses,finding someone to pass
the tasks to is often not easy.
Many people think that delegating is simply about passing work out
willy-nilly and hoping that someone will do it properly. But there are some
points which need to be observed if we are to ensure that tasks get done
correctly and on time.We need to :
• Make sure we choose someone who is willing and able to do what
needs to be done.
• Tell the person precisely what we like done and, if necessary, how we
would like the work carried out. State the time-scale for the task and
carried out. State the time-scale for the task and indicate how often we
would like a progress report.
• Make sure the person who is taking on the work has the authority to
carry out these responsibilities. And if the work requires liaison with
others, especially with senior people, make sure we ‘smooth the path’
for the person concerned. Above all, do not introduce anyone anyone
unprepared and unsupported into situations that may be fraught with
problems such as ‘company politics’.
• As well as defining the results we want,show that we care about
them.if others know that we care about the task being completed
successfully and on time, they will also care about achieving this.
If we do not make it clear what is required and why,the task will be brought
back to us to do all over agin ourself.We may also have irretrievably upset
the people we are delegating to, since they have not only failed to complete
the ask but they have also wasted their time.
There are two other important things to remember:
Being aware of other people’s time will help us to ensure that they value
ours.Here are some ideas on how to maximize joint efforts:
• Agree deadlines with those involved and let them know how we
arrived at the timing of the deadline.Say, “We need to get this done by
next Tuesday, and the reason for this is because……”We will find
people more likely to get things done on time when they understand
why.
• If we ask someone to work late, make sure the task is urgent and not
something that could be done tomorrow.Otherwise we will have not
only caused them to give uo their time but they will be less willing to
take on urgent work next time you ask.
Communication Effectively
We can help others to make better use of our time by looking at how we are
given instructions.For example:
• Verify that we have understood what is required and ask questions to
clarify points of detail.
• Write down important information when talking on the telephone and
read it back to ensure its accuracy.
Working with others involves managing their time as well as our own.If
other people are disorganized, they can waste our time.So we have to help
them to make better use of our time and theirs by dicussing with them:
Knowing why the work is needed can give valuable clues as to what has
to be done.If the work is for internal use, a rough draft may be enough.Being
able to focus on the end-receiver helps prevent time being wasted in
providing the wrong sort of informatin. Knowing in what form it is required
is even better.Producing a 5-page report when a verbal briefing would have
done is clearly a waste of time.
Work out if what we have been asked to do fits in worth our
priorities.This way, we can make a sensible assessment as to whether what is
requested can be fitted in without detracting from our own activites.If we do
not find out, we can be laden with work not of our own making, and may be
unable to complete any of it satisfactorily.We may be seen as a busy person,
but also as one who is unable to get anything done on time.
Assess how well we are making the best use of our time and other people’s
by answering the following questions:
• Does one always indicate that he care about the results of the tasks he
delegate?
• Does one make sure that if he require urgent work from someone, it
does have to be done immmediately and not tommorrow?
• Does one give clear instructions about what has to be done and why?
• Does one always make sure that he have fully understood what is
required to him?
• Have one taken the time to check anything that is not clear so that the
task does not have to be done all over again?
• One must pass out interesting tasks and routine tasks in equal
proportions.
• One should prevent someone else from wasting his time and theirs.
• One must communicate clearly and one must check that he has
properly understood.
• One should verify what is required of him before he goes ahead and
do it.
• One cannot think of anything he has done recently which has wasted
other people’s time.
Getting our work done and accommodating others takes up most of our time,
so it is easy to find ourself last in the line for attention.By examining the
ways we use time in our personal life, we may see how we could put ourself
at the head of the queue.
• If we hang our clothes on the floor,we will have to spend a lot more
time getting those garments ready to wear another day.
• If we are still using the same route we took to work on our first day,
we will not have explored other options.There are probably several
other ways which may be quicker or better on certain days.We won’t
know until we try.
Make sure we schedule our leisure time otherwise we will never get
any.This is particularly critical if we work for ourself.It may seem a bit
extreme to schedule time off,but if work expands to fill the time,it is easy to
see how we can miss out.
We may already be caught in a well-known trap on the one hand
feeling that we should be working whenever we take a little time off;on the
other hand working long hours with no let-up and feeling slightly resentful
that while others lead full social lives,we never seem to be able to.
The way out of the conundrum is simple.Give ourself permission to
take time off.
There are a number of excellent ways to do this:
Making time for leisure is just as important to our efficiency as work is.It
allows you to refresh our mental faculties and our physical performance.
It also means that our family and friends see us from time to
time.Support from them enables us to keep things in perspective.Similarly
they need support from us, and if we never make time for them, a time may
come when they may not be there for us.
It is vital to our well-being, and therefore to our working ability, to
make time for pleasure and personal relationships.It makes sense to remind
ourself that there is not much point in allowing work to take up all our time
if we have no opportunity to enjoy the rewards which come from it.
Summary: The Knock-on Effect
Our private life is not so separate from our working life as we may think. If
we can take time to revise some of our persoanl habits, it could help us to
find the time to do more.
It is vital we build time into our busy schedule to re-energize and to
enjoy the benefits that our efforts in managing time better will undoubtedly
bring.
• Are there any personal habits one can change to make more use of his
time?
• Are there any things one does simply because he always have?
• Does one spend time on himself?
• Does one have specific time set aside for activities that have nothing
whatsoever to do with work?
• One must revise some of his personal habits to prevent himself from
wasting time.
• One must manage his time,rather than letting time managing him.
• One does not let work take him over, but actively schedule time off
from work for his own pursuits.
• One must be able to place himself if not actually at the head of the
queue,very near it.
Check List For Making Time
If we find that making better use of our time is proving to be harder than we
thought, check how we are tackling these keys areas:
Use of Time
If we are constantly running out of time, it could be that we have not fully
analysed the use we make of our time.Knowing how we use our time
provides an important baseline against which to measure the improvements
we have made.
Priorities
If we are not absolutely sure of our priorities,we may find us have been
doing time-consuming things which have not contributed very much to our
effectiveness.Make sure we know where our priorities lie and stick to them.
Personal Organization
Planning Time
If we have not developed strategies for using the time we have available to
our advantage,we could be finding that we are overwhelmed by events or are
wasting time because, say, we did not bring appropriate documents with us
on our train journey. It is vital to plan what we want to achieve in any given
situation, or we will find that we are constantly wasting precious time.
Delegating
If we are still doing everything ourself, perhaps we are not using other
people’s talent to best effect.Others can be of considerable help in allowing
us to use our time better.If we take a little time to delegate to them
properly,we can also help them to develop their own skills and thus save our
time in the future.
If we find that work keeps getting on top of us, and we lack energy to cope,
we need to consider whether we are taking enough time to unwind from
work. Scheduling leisure time for ourself to regain energy allows us to work
hard and play hard.
We have to want to make better use of our time.If we take managing time
seriously and try to put into practice some of the ideas that have been
suggested,we should find ourself less hard-pressed and with more time at
our disposal.
When this happens, we will be able to put the time gained to good use in
various ways by:
Managing our time better can usually be achieved by thinking about the
possible courses of action open to us rather than rushing directly into action.
Planning and thinking are activities which people do not always see as
being ‘real’work.We must learn to label it as real work, and even
periodically let others know that we think it important to spend time in this
way.If they see how much value we place on our time, they might even be
inspired to manage their own time better.
If we are saying to ourself,” This is all very well, but it cannot be as easy
as that,” nobody says that trying to manage our time is easy.Some days
things will go well for us and we will feel we have achieved a great deal.On
other days, events will overcome us and all our best-laid plans will fall
apart.We must not give up, saying that it is all too difficult, but determine to
try again the next day.
Remember the Chinese Emperor’s cedars and start right now.
Time Management
But our to-do list probably fails to include such items as “Develop
relationship with someone who may be helpful in the long run”, “Explore
what others are doing” or “Do some self- exploration”. People rarely carve
out time from the present in order to invest in the long run. Usually
programmed and immediate tasks tend to be handled before more important
and longer- run matterslike what we want to achieve with our lives,or where
we would like to be five years from now.
We reformat our to-do list along the following lines.Two- thirds of
the items should be chores that must be accomplished today or
tommorrow.One-third of the items be tasks are linked to the long-
run.Include objectives we would like to meet one month in advance, a year
from now, and five years from now. Some additional tips for getting a grip
on our long term objectives.
Out of life and what we want to achieve from all our hard work. Then we
will be in a position to evaluate activities that either help us or hinder us.By
breaking sight of the big picture, and deciding accordingly we will feel less
pressured by conflicting demands on our time.
Be Flexible:
What we must do in the course of the day to stay alive, healthy and able to
pay the rent- central concerns-we must devote a lot of time attending to
essentials. It is suggested that we increase the value of those time
investments by making them coincide with our central concerns- major
priorities.So be prepared to accomplish more than one thing at a time.When
we feel we have to do something,ask ourself how we can turn it in to an
opportunity to accomplish something we want to accomplish.
If we want to keep track of what is wasting our time, we have to know how
we are spending it. Keep a daily diary of everything we do.This will help us
to start taking corrective action.
Interruptions:
We have to undertsnad that many of the interruptions are predictable and
necessary part of our work, or life,and should be dealt with as such. Most of
us have not become much more self-disciplined. We tend to put off things
we dislike, things that are difficult, and things that won’t produce immediate
results. So we go around looking for interruptions.
1. Major in psychology.
2. Courses in education, biology, and statistics.
3. At least a 3.5 average for Masters.
4. Volunteer work as a hot-line counselor.
5. Volunteer or paid work as a research assistant (to generate reference
letters from faculty).
6. Study skills course to improve grades and study habits.
7. Find a quieter living environment at the end of the term to improve
study time.
Two general approaches to weekly scheduling can work well. The first is
fairly simple and involves a daily list of things we want to accomplish that
day. In order to use this method we need to know what our activities and
obligations are for several weeks. This will allow us to make a daily list and
modify and prioritize with a clear understanding of our very short-term
goals. This kind of approach appeals most to people who don't like too much
structure and don't want to be locked into an hour-by-hour schedule.
A more detailed kind of schedule will be necessary for people who need
more structure than the flexible list method offers. The most common
method is to use an hour-by-hour weekly schedule. This allows us to
allocate time specifically and gives us a very clear guideline of what to do
when. Although some people find this confining, others welcome the order
and find it extremely helpful. Basically this involves using an hour-by-hour
weekly calendar.
Balance
The most common time management mistake that people make is not
allowing for a balanced life-style. Remember that one's overall health and
wellness require attention to six important life areas.
Time management seems like a very sensible approach, yet many people
never really learn to manage their time. If we are having a problem with time
management, consider the following suggestions:
1. Review our long-term and intermediate goals often. Keep a list where
we will see it often.
2. Continually try to eliminate unnecessary tasks that are not related to
our goals or to maintaining a balanced life style.
3. Take advantage of our natural cycles, schedule the most difficult
activities when we are sharpest.
4. Learn to say "No" to people, including spouses, friends, children, and
parents.
5. Reward ourself for effective time management.
6. Solicit cooperation from those around us. Let our spouse, family
members, roommate, and others know about our efforts to manage
time.
7. Attend to our needs for spontaneity.
8. Do not set ourself up to fail. Be realistic and work toward an
individualized approach that makes sense for us.
9. Recording things -- the process of putting schedules, priorities, and
plans on paper -- is helpful in itself.
Conclusion:
‘If we can schedule time for our work in a way which allows us to get things
done, we will be more able to meet our deadlines.We will have set aside the
time to do what we need to do, and we will find that we have made time to
do all sorts of things wes never had time for”.