Lauren

Parker
Teen Suicide

References

Suicide and Friendships Among American Adolescents

Peter S. Bearman, PhD and James Moody, PhD
Peter S. Bearman is with the Sociology Department and the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY. James Moody is with the
Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Requests for reprints should be sent to Peter Bearman, PhD, Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Suite 814, IAB, 420 W 118th St, Columbia University, New
York, NY. (e-mail: psb17@columbia.edu).
Accepted September 6, 2002.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Abstract
Objectives. We investigated the relationship between friendships and suicidality among male and female adolescents.
Methods. We analyzed friendship data on 13 465 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health to explore the
relationship between friendship and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We controlled for known factors associated with suicidality.
Results. Having had a friend who committed suicide increased the likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts for both boys and girls. Socially
isolated females were more likely to have suicidal thoughts, as were females whose friends were not friends with each other. Among adolescents
thinking about suicide, suicide attempts appear largely stochastic, with few consistent risk factors between boys and girls.
Conclusions. The friendship environment affects suicidality for both boys and girls. Female adolescents’ suicidal thoughts are significantly
increased by social isolation and friendship patterns in which friends were not friends with each other.

Articles from American Journal of Public Health are provided here courtesy of
American Public Health Association

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Social Science & Medicine

Volume 68, Issue 2, January 2009, Pages 380-389

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.020
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
The spreading of suicidal behavior: The contextual effect of community household
poverty on adolescent suicidal behavior and the mediating role of suicide
suggestion

References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this
article.

Jon Gunnar Bernburg , a, , Thorolfur Thorlindssona, and Inga D. Sigfusdottira,

a
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Abstract

Despite the longstanding interest of social researchers in the social factors that influence suicide and suicidal behavior, multilevel research on this
topic has been limited. Using nested survey data on 5331 Icelandic adolescents (born in 1990 and 1991) in 83 school-communities, the current study
examines the contextual effect of community household poverty on adolescent suicidal behavior (suicide ideation and suicide attempt). The findings
show that the concentration of household poverty in the school-community has a significant, contextual effect on adolescent suicidal behavior.
Furthermore, we test an “epidemic” explanation for this effect, examining the mediating role of suicide suggestion (contact with suicidal others). We

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find that suicide suggestion mediates a substantial part of the contextual effect of community household poverty on suicide attempt, while mediation
is modest in the case of suicide ideation. The findings indicate that community household poverty increases the risk of adolescent suicidal behavior in
part because communities in which household poverty is common entail a higher risk for adolescents of associating with suicidal others. The study
demonstrates how the concentration of individual problems can have macrolevel implications, creating social mechanisms that cannot be reduced to
the circumstances or characteristics of individuals.

Keywords: Adolescent suicidal behavior; Suicide suggestion; Community; Contextual effects; Poverty; Iceland; Adolescents

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.010
Copyright © 2007 American Journal of Preventive Medicine Published by Elsevier Inc.
Medical Costs and Productivity Losses Due to Interpersonal and Self-Directed
Violence in the United States
Phaedra S. Corso PhDa, b, , , James A. Mercy PhDb, Thomas R. Simon PhDb, Eric A. Finkelstein PhDc and Ted R. Miller PhDd
a
College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
b
National Center for Injury Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
c
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
d
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland

Available online 25 May 2007.

Background
Violence-related injuries, including suicide, adversely affect the health and welfare of all Americans through premature death, disability, medical
costs, and lost productivity. Estimating the magnitude of the economic burden of violence is critical for understanding the potential amount of
resources that can be saved if cost-effective violence prevention efforts can be broadly applied. From 2003 to 2005, the lifetime medical costs and
productivity losses associated with medically treated injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence occurring in the United States in 2000
were assessed.
Methods
Several nationally representative data sets were combined to estimate the incidence of fatal and nonfatal injuries due to violence. Unit medical and
productivity costs were computed and then multiplied by corresponding incidence estimates to yield total lifetime costs of violence-related injuries
occurring in 2000.Results
The total costs associated with nonfatal injuries and deaths due to violence in 2000 were more than $70 billion. Most of this cost ($64.4 billion or
92%) was due to lost productivity. However, an estimated $5.6 billion was spent on medical care for the more than 2.5 million injuries due to
interpersonal and self-directed violence.
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Conclusions
The burden estimates reported here provide evidence of the large health and economic burden of violence-related injuries in the U.S. But the true
burden is likely far greater and the need for more research on violence surveillance and prevention are discussed.

Id: 16262523
Autor: Fleischmann A; Bertolote JM; Belfer M; Beautrais A.
Título: Completed suicide and psychiatric diagnoses in young people: a critical examination of the evidence..
Fonte: Am J Orthopsychiatry;75(4):676-83, 2005 Oct.
Resumo: Suicide rates of young people are increasing in many geographic areas. There is a need to recognize more precisely the role of
specific mental disorders and their comparative importance for understanding suicide and its prevention. The authors reviewed the
published English-language research, where psychiatric diagnoses that met diagnostic criteria were reported, to reexamine the
presence and distribution of mental disorders in cases of completed suicide among young people worldwide. The number and
geographical distribution of cases were limited (N = 894 cases). The majority of cases (88.6%) had a diagnosis of at least 1 mental
disorder. Mood disorders were most frequent (42.1%), followed by substance-related disorders (40.8%) and disruptive behavior
disorders (20.8%). Those strategies focusing exclusively on the prevention and treatment of depression in young people need to be
reconsidered. A comprehensive suicide prevention strategy among young people should target mental disorders as a whole, not
depression alone, and consider contextual factors..

IndexCopernicus Journal Abstract

The associations between peer and parental relationships and suicidal behavioursin early adolescents.
Sarah A Fotti, Laurence Y Katz, Tracie O Afifi, Brian J Cox
Can J Psychiatry 2007; 51(11):698-703
ICID: 475163
Article type: Original article
IC™ Value: 12.53

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between suicidal behaviours, includingsuicidal ideation and attempts, and poor peer and parental relationships in a nationally
representativesample of Canadian adolescents aged 12 to 13 years. METHODS: We used Statistics Canada's National LongitudinalSurvey of Children and Youth as the dataset. This
cross-sectional sample included 1049 girls and 1041boys aged 12 to 13 years. We obtained answers to self-report questionnaires that included measures ofpeer relationships, parental
nurturance, and parental rejection, as well as information regarding suicidalideation and attempts. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used for the analysis.We
included depression in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Analyses were run separately forboys and girls. RESULTS: The unadjusted logistic regression models found that, among
early adolescentboys and girls, depression, poor peer relationships, decreased parental nurturance, and increased parentalrejection were all significantly associated with suicidal ideation
and attempts. However, after adjustingfor all other variables in the multiple logistic regression models, poor peer relationships were no longersignificantly associated with suicidal ideation
among early adolescent boys and were only weakly associatedamong early adolescent girls. CONCLUSIONS: Poor parental relationships and depression were more powerfullyassociated
with suicidal ideation and attempts than were peer relationships in a nationally representativesample of boys and girls aged 12 to 13 years, and these factors may be important early
intervention targets.

ICID 475163
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PMID 17121168 - click here to show this article in PubMed database

Journal of Amer Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry:

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: PDF Only

Psychiatric Diagnoses of Previous Suicide Attempters, First-Time Attempters, and Repeat

Attempters on an Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatry Unit
GOLDSTON, DAVID B. PH.D.; DANIEL, STEPHANIE SERGENT PH.D.; REBOUSSIN, BETH A. PH.D.; REBOUSSIN, DAVID
M. PH.D.; KELLEY, ARTHUR E. M.D.; FRAZIER, PATRICIA H. MA.

Abstract
Objective: To compare psychiatric diagnoses of hospitalized adolescents who (a) have made previous but no recent suicide attempts, (b) have
recently made their first suicide attempt, (c) have recently made a second or subsequent attempt, or (d) have never made an attempt.

Method: Semistructured psychiatric diagnostic interviews were used to determine psychiatric diagnoses and history of recent and previous suicidal
behavior of 269 consecutively admitted adolescents to an inpatient psychiatric facility. Forty-nine previously suicidal youths, 28 first-time attempters,
and 33 repeat attempters were compared with 159 nonsuicidal youths in prevalence of Axis I psychiatric disorders and psychiatric comorbidity with
affective disorder.

Result: Previous attempters and repeat attempters both reported more affective disorders, whereas first-time attempters reported more adjustment
disorders than nonsuicidal youths. Previous attempters and nonsuicidal youths reported the most externalizing disorders.

Conclusion: Previous attempters on an inpatient unit have multiple psychiatric problems. Like repeat attempters, they often are depressed, but like
nonsuicidal youths, they also exhibit significant externalizing behaviors. Interventions with these adolescents should focus not only on immediate
presenting problems, but also on ameliorating their long-term risk of posthospitalization suicidal behavior.

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Copyright 1998 (C) American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Am Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 March 29. PMCID: PMC2662358
Published in final edited form as: NIHMSID: NIHMS93270
Am Psychol. 2008 January; 63(1): 14–31.
doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.1.14.
Copyright notice and Disclaimer

Cultural Considerations in Adolescent Suicide Prevention and Psychosocial Treatment

David B. Goldston, Sherry Davis Molock, Leslie B. Whitbeck, Jessica L. Murakami, Luis H. Zayas, and Gordon C. Nagayama Hall
David B. Goldston, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; Sherry Davis Molock, Department of Psychology, George Washington
University; Leslie B. Whitbeck, Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln; Jessica L. Murakami, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon; Luis H. Zayas,
George Warren Brown School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis; Gordon C. Nagayama Hall, Department of Psychology, University of
Oregon.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to David B. Goldston, Duke Child and Family Study Center, 718 Rutherford Street, DUMC 3527, Durham, NC 27101.
E-mail: david.goldston@duke.edu

Abstract
Ethnic groups differ in rates of suicidal behaviors among youths, the context within which suicidal behavior occurs (e.g., different precipitants,
vulnerability and protective factors, and reactions to suicidal behaviors), and patterns of help-seeking. In this article, the authors discuss the cultural
context of suicidal behavior among African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian American and Pacific Islander, and Latino
adolescents, and the implications of these contexts for suicide prevention and treatment. Several cross-cutting issues are discussed, including
acculturative stress and protective factors within cultures; the roles of religion and spirituality and the family in culturally sensitive interventions;
different manifestations and interpretations of distress in different cultures; and the impact of stigma and cultural distrust on help-seeking. The needs
for culturally sensitive and community-based interventions are discussed, along with future opportunities for research in intervention development
and evaluation.
Keywords: culture, suicide prevention, treatment, help-seeking, adolescents

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doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.11.001
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Predictors of suicidal acts across adolescence: Influences of familial, peer and
individual factors

References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this
article.

Latha Nrughama, Bo Larsson , a, and Anne Mari Sunda

a
Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Received 28 April 2007;
Abstract
Objective
To examine the influences of familial, peer and individual predictors of suicidal acts in a longitudinal study with a subset of school adolescents
reporting high levels of depressive symptoms.
Method
A representative sample of Norwegian school students (N = 2464, mean age 13.7 years, T1) was reassessed after 1 year (T2) with the same
questionnaire. All high scorers of depressive symptoms on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) at T2 were defined as cases. One control
from low or middle scorers, matched for age and gender, was randomly assigned to every two cases. This subset (n = 345) was diagnostically
assessed by face-to-face K-SADS-PL interviews (mean age = 14.9 years). The same subset was reassessed after 5 years (T3) by using the same
questionnaire (n = 252, mean age = 20.0 years) and telephone K-SADS-PL interviews (n = 242). The participation rate at T3 was 76.9% (n = 265).
The questionnaire explored various relationships with family members, peers and individual factors such as lifestyle habits, and physical health.
Results
Irrespective of time, history of a suicidal act significantly predicted a later suicidal act. Not living with both biological parents and a diagnosis of any
depressive disorder were significant predictors for younger and older adolescents, respectively.

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Conclusions
In line with the findings of previous clinical studies, our results underline the importance of identifying previous suicidal acts, depressive disorders,
broken homes and risk behaviours such as smoking and intoxication in the assessment of suicidal risk across adolescence.
Keywords: Risk factors; High school; Early adulthood; Prospective; Community.

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