0.

25
Elevation details: Basin top 1.169m EL
Elevation of the ground EL-ground= -0.3 m
Top of the basin EL-Top= 1.169 m WL 0.969m EL
Bottom of the basin EL-Bottom= -0.25 m GL -0.3m EL
Free board above the water level = 0.2 m
Ht of the soil on the outer side of the wall hs= 0.4 m
Ht of the water on the inner side of the wall hw= 1.219 m 1.419
Height of the wall H= 1.419 m
Thickness of the wall at bottom Dtb= 0.25 m
Thickness of the wall at top Dtt= 0.25 m
Thickness of the wall footing tf= 0.45 m Basin bottom -0.25m EL
Outer projection of the footing pj1= 0 m 0.45 0.25
Inner projection of the footing pj2= 0.75 m
Width of the wall footing W= 1 m 0 0.25 0.75
Thickness of the base slab ts= 0.25 m
Height of soil above pj1 hs1= 0 1
Plan details:
Length of the basin L= 13.274 m
Breadth of the basin B= 5.532 m
L/B= 2.399494 >2
B/H= 3.89852 >3
FALLS UNDER THE CATEGORY L/B>2 AND B/H>3
Properties: Modular ratio m= 10.9803922
Unit weight of the soil wts= 18 kN/m
3
Neutral axis constant k= 0.38356164
Unit weight of the water wtw= 9.807 kN/m
3
Lever arm constant j= 0.87214612
unit weight of concrete wc= 25 kN/m
3
M.R constant Q= 1.42171765
Grade of concrete = M25
Grade of steel = Fe415
Maximum tensile stress in steel sst= 150 N/mm
2
Angle of repose of the soil 30 degrees
Active pressure co-efficient Ca= 0.333333
Safe bearing capacity of the soil SBC= 117.684 kN/m
2
In our procedure, we are considering the soil as saturated soil for a conservative design.
Two-cases have to be checked.
Case-I: basin EMPTY- PRESSURE OF SOIL ACTING FROM OUTSIDE AND NO WATER PRESSURE FROM INSIDE
Case-II: basin FULL-PRSSURE OF WATER ACTING FROM INSIDE AND NO EARTH PRESSURE FROM OUTSIDE
Loads calculated per meter run of the wall
Case-I: Case-II:
Check against overturning: Check against overturning:
Force due to active pressure Fa= 1.00304 kN Force due to active pressure Fa= 7.28641 kN
Overturning moment Mo2= 0.2841947 kN-m Overturning moment Mo= 2.960711 kN-m
Resisting forces and their line of action Resisting forces and their line of action
Permissible stress in
concrete to resist cracking
in tension due to bending
N/mm
2
stbc=
1.27491
Permissible stress in
concrete to resist cracking
in direct tension N/mm
2
sct
Co-efficient of friction between the soil and
the concrete = 0.5
COOLING TOWER BASIN RESTING AT GROUND WITH L/B>2 AND H/B>3
The long walls will be designed as cantilevers and short wall slabs supported by long walls. Bottom 1m of short wall shall be designed as cantilever.
Max compressive strength of concrete in
bending scbc= 8.5 N/mm
2
1.76526
Force kN
Distance
from heel
m
Moment
kN-m Force kN
Distance
from toe m
Moment
kN-m
0 0.75 0 triangular portion of the stem 0 0.25 0 triangular portion of the stem
8.86875 0.875 7.760156 rectangular portion of the stem 8.86875 0.125 1.108594 rectangular portion of the stem
11.25 0.5 5.625 footing weight 11.25 0.5 5.625 footing weight
0 1 0 soil weight 8.96605 0.625 5.603781 water weight
-3.9228 0.5 -1.9614 uplift due to water -4.41315 0.5 -2.206575 uplift due to water
F=16.196kN M=11.424kN-m F=24.672kN M=10.131kN-m
Factor of safety for uplift F.S.u= 5.1286708 Factor of safety for uplift F.S.u= 6.590485
>1.5, Hence safe for uplift >1.5, Hence safe for uplift
Factor of safety for overturning F.So= 36.177247 Factor of safety for overturning F.So= 3.079571
>1.4, Hence safe >1.4, Hence safe
Check for soil pressure at footing base: Check for soil pressure at footing base:
Vertical reaction -R=F R= 16.19595 kN Vertical reaction -R=F R= 24.67165 kN
Distance of R from heel Lr= 0.7228937 m Distance of R from toe Lr= 0.53063 m
Eccentricity e= 0.2228937 m Eccentricity e= 0.03063 m
Maximum pressure at base pmax= 37.855806 kN/m
2
Maximum pressure at base pmax= 29.20577 kN/m
2
Minimum pressure at base pmin= -5.463906 kN/m
2
Minimum pressure at base pmin= 20.13753 kN/m
2
<SBC, Hence Safe <SBC, Hence Safe
% Area under compression = 85.57% % Area under compression = 100.00%
>80%, Hence Safe >80%, Hence Safe
Check for sliding: Check for sliding:
Sliding force Fs=Fa Fs= 1.00304 kN Sliding force Fs=Fa Fs= 7.28641 kN
Resisting force = F F= 8.097975 kN Resisting force = F F= 12.33582 kN
Factor of safety for sliding F.S.s= 8.0734318 Factor of safety for sliding F.S.s= 1.692991
>1.2, Hence Safe >1.2, Hence Safe
-5.463906 20.13753
37.85581 29.20577
Total Downward pressure = 16.713906 kN/m
2
Total Downward pressure = 3.0672 kN/m
2
Total upward pressure = 26.605806 kN/m
2
Total upward pressure = 17.95577 kN/m
2
Design of wall footing:
Bottom reinforcement:(upward pressure)
Bending moment B.Md= 19.95435 kN-m
Depth required for no cracking D= 0.260429 m
<tf=0.45m, Hence the provided depth of footing is safe
Clear cover of the footing ccf= 0.05 m
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm
Effective depth of the wall footing deff-f= 0.394 m min. area of steel 472.8 mm
2
Area of steel required Ast-fbm= 387.1337 mm
2
No. of bars Cal 5
Spacing = 175 mm Calculated spacing 200
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as main reinforcement along the bottom
Diameter of the distribution reinforcement dia-fbs= 12 mm
Area of steel required Ast-fbs= 472.8 mm
2
No. of bars Cal 5
Spacing = 175 mm Calculated spacing 200
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as distribution reinforcement along the bottom
Top reinforcement:(downward pressure)
Bending moment B.Md= 2.3004 kN-m
Depth required for no cracking D= 0.088425 m
<tf=0.45m, Hence the provided depth of footing is safe
Clear cover of the footing ccf= 0.05 m
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm min. area of steel 472.8 mm
2
Area of steel required Ast-fbm= 44.62997 mm
2
No. of bars Cal 5
Spacing = 175 mm Calculated spacing 200
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as main reinforcement along the top
Diameter of the distribution reinforcement dia-fbs= 12 mm
Area of steel required Ast-fbs= 472.8 mm
2
No. of bars Cal 5
Spacing = 175 mm Calculated spacing 200
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as distribution reinforcement along the top
Design of Long wall:
Case-I:
Pressure due to submerged soil ps= 5.0152 kN/m
(per metre length of the wall)
B.M at the base of the wall B.M= 0.133739 kN-m
Depth required for no cracking D= 0.021321 m
< Provided thickness of the wall =0.25m, Hence safe
Clear cover of the wall ccf= 0.04 m min. % of steel 0.12857143 %
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm area of min. steel 321.428571
Effective depth of the wall footing deff-f= 0.204 m No. of bars Cal 3
Area of steel required Ast-fbm= 5.011253 mm
2
Calculated spacing 333.333333
Spacing = 175 mm
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as main reinforcement on outer side of the wall
Case-II:
Pressure due to water pw= 11.95473 kN/m
(per metre length of the wall)
B.M at the base of the wall B.M= 2.960711 kN-m
Depth required for no cracking D= 0.100316 m
< Provided thickness of the wall =0.25m, Hence safe
Clear cover of the wall ccf= 0.04 m min. % of steel 0.12857143 %
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm area of min. steel 321.428571
Effective depth of the wall deff-f= 0.204 m No. of bars Cal 3
Area of steel required Ast-fbm= 110.9393 mm
2
Calculated spacing 333.333333
Spacing = 175 mm
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as main reinforcement on liquid side of the wall
Distribution steel: h/4 0.35475
min. % of steel 0.12857143 %
kN area of min. steel 321.428571
Area of distribution for tension = 75.77241 mm
2
No. of bars Cal 3
Clear cover of the wall ccf= 0.04 m Calculated spacing 333.333333
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm
Spacing = 175 mm
Direct tension at greater of 1m or H/4 distance
from the base of the wall = 11.36586
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as distribution reinforcement on both sides of the wall
Design of Short wall:
Critical section for short wall design is at 1m or h/4 distance above the ground whichever is greater
Critical height hc= 1 m
Case-I:
Pressure due to submerged soil ps= 3.53432 kN/m
(per metre length of the wall)
B.M at the base of the wall B.M= 0.094249 kN-m
Depth required for no cracking D= 0.017898 m
< Provided thickness of the wall =0.25m, Hence safe
Clear cover of the wall ccf= 0.04 m min. % of steel 0.12857143 %
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm area of min. steel 321.428571
Effective depth of the wall footing deff-f= 0.204 m No. of bars Cal 3
Area of steel required Ast-fbm= 3.531538 mm
2
Calculated spacing 333.333333
Spacing = 175 mm
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as main reinforcement on outer side of the wall
Case-II:
Pressure due to water pw= 8.424759 kN/m
(per metre length of the wall)
B.M at the base of the wall B.M= 2.086477 kN-m
Depth required for no cracking D= 0.084213 m
< Provided thickness of the wall =0.25m, Hence safe
Clear cover of the wall ccf= 0.04 m min. % of steel 0.12857143 %
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm area of min. steel 321.428571
Effective depth of the wall footing deff-f= 0.198 m No. of bars Cal 3
Area of steel required Ast-fbm= 80.55045 mm
2
Calculated spacing 333.333333
Spacing = 175 mm
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as main reinforcement on liquid side of the wall
Distribution steel: h/4 0.35475
min. % of steel 0.12857143 %
kN area of min. steel 321.428571
Area of distribution for tension = 181.8154 mm
2
No. of bars Cal 3
Clear cover of the wall ccf= 0.04 m Calculated spacing 333.333333
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm
Spacing = 175 mm
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 175mm as distribution reinforcement on both sides of the wall
Design of Base Slab:
Clear cover of the base slab ccbs= 0.05 m area of min. steel 321.428571
Diameter of the main reinforcement dia-fbm= 12 mm No. of bars Cal 3
Effective depth of the base slab deff-f= 0.194 m Calculated spacing 333.333333
% area of main reinforcement on each face = 0.128571
Spacing = 200 mm
Provide 12 dia bar with spacing 200mm as main reinforcement on top and bottom of the base slab and on both directions
Direct tension at greater of 1m or H/4 distance
from the base of the wall = 27.27232