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Play is essential for children's healthy development and learning. Through play, children develop cognitive, physical, social, and emotional skills. Different types of play include solitary play, parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play. Caregivers can encourage children's play by providing a variety of safe toys and materials, allowing free unstructured playtime, observing and engaging with children's play, and sharing observations with parents. Safety guidelines should also be followed to reduce risks of injury during play.
Исходное описание:
The Value of Play
By Mardi Lucich, MA — California Childcare Health Program
Play is essential for children's healthy development and learning. Through play, children develop cognitive, physical, social, and emotional skills. Different types of play include solitary play, parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play. Caregivers can encourage children's play by providing a variety of safe toys and materials, allowing free unstructured playtime, observing and engaging with children's play, and sharing observations with parents. Safety guidelines should also be followed to reduce risks of injury during play.
Play is essential for children's healthy development and learning. Through play, children develop cognitive, physical, social, and emotional skills. Different types of play include solitary play, parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play. Caregivers can encourage children's play by providing a variety of safe toys and materials, allowing free unstructured playtime, observing and engaging with children's play, and sharing observations with parents. Safety guidelines should also be followed to reduce risks of injury during play.
By Mardi Lucich, MA California Childcare Health Program
Updated on Apr 6, 20 What is play and why is it important? !rom earlie"t infancy, play i" the primary #ay children learn$ %hrough play, children eagerly u"e all the &tool"' they ha(e at their di"po"altheir )odie", their relation"hip" #ith their family and peer", and the #orld around them$ Play, more than any other acti(ity, fuel" healthy de(elopment of young children$ *t i" through play that much of children+" early learning i" achie(ed$ Children play )ecau"e it i" fun$ Play ta,e" many form", )ut the heart of play i" plea"ure$ And #ith plea"ure come" the po#erful dri(e to repeat "uch acti(itie"$ -ith repetition come" ma"tery$ And ma"tery )ring" a "en"e of accompli"hment and con.dence$ Types and stages of play Children engage in di/erent type" of play depending upon circum"tance" and particular need"$ %ype" of play include0 1olitarychildren playing alone and independently, follo#ing their o#n intere"t" #ithout reference to other"$ 2nloo,erchildren #ho #atch other children playing, a", 3ue"tion" and ma,e "ugge"tion", )ut do not enter into the play$ Parallelchildren playing the "ame acti(ity or #ith "imilar material" )e"ide each other, )ut not tal,ing or interacting #ith one another$ A""ociati(echildren playing #ith each other, "haring "imilar material" and acti(itie" in an unorgani4ed #ay$ Cooperati(echildren #or,ing together and interacting, to play or create "omething in an organi4ed and purpo"eful #ay$ %here are al"o "tage" of comple5ity of play$ %he .r"t "tage of play i" "imple "en"ory e5ploration manipulation of the play material, "uch a" "cri))ling #ith crayon", pouring #ater and "and, or ringing a )ell$ A" children )egin to tran"form and in(ent o)6ect" and rule", they are engaged in "ym)olic play$ !or in"tance, a child may cro"" t#o )loc," to ma,e the letter &%' or o/er playdough &tortilla"' to another child$ A" children )ecome more pro.cient #ith language, they )egin to "u)"titute #ord" for action" and material"$ %hey play cooperati(ely and )ecome intere"ted in formal game" #ith peer"$ How does play help children grow? Childrens cognitive skills are enhanced. %hrough play children learn a)out concept", ho# to group and cla""ify o)6ect", ho# to ma,e "en"e of thing" and e(ent", and ho# to "ol(e pro)lem"$ Play often in(ol(e" trial and error, and pro)lem7"ol(ing ta","$ Play re3uire" a child to ma,e choice", direct acti(itie", and ma,e plan" to reach a goal$ Children develop motor skills. %hrough play, children de(elop control and coordination of mu"cle" that are needed to #al,, ,ic,, eat or #rite$ 8ro"" motor ",ill" can )e enhanced #hen a toddler pu"he" a toy grocery cart or an older child play" hop"cotch$ !ine motor and manipulation ",ill" are de(eloped #hen pre"chooler" u"e their .nger" to "tring cheerio" for a nec,lace or toddler" "cri))le #ith a crayon on paper$ -hen thro#ing and catching a )all, children are practicing hand7eye coordination and their a)ility to gra"p$ -hen children ,ic, a )all acro"" the room, they are practicing coordination and de(eloping large mu"cle control, tone and 9e5i)ility$ Children enhance language skills. %al,ing, "inging, rhyming, and #ord play help them to ma"ter the rule" and "ound" of language #hile they ha(e fun$ Children gain social and emotional skills. Play de(elop" imagination and creati(ity and gi(e" children practice in "ocial ",ill" "uch a" #aiting, negotiating, ta,ing turn", cooperation, compromi"e, "haring and e5pre""ing emotion"$ A" children learn a)out them"el(e" and the #orld, they ac3uire "elf7con.dence, "elf7reliance and "elf7 e5pre""ion$ Tips for encouraging play Allo# children plenty of time and opportunitie" for )oth free and directed play$ A(oid o/ering play a" a re#ard$ :e"pect that children ha(e their o#n uni3ue and indi(idual "tyle" and approache" to learning and playing$ Allo# children plenty of room for "afe e5ploration and play #ith limited re"triction"$ Arrange de.nite play "pace" )oth in"ide and out"ide$ Pro(ide a (ariety of intere"ting and "afe material" and acti(itie" ranging from "imple to comple50 toy", art and #riting "upplie", )oo,", mu"ical in"trument", dre""7 up clothe", pu44le", game"$ Play material" do not ha(e to )e ela)orate or e5pen"i(e, )ut they need to )e de(elopmentally appropriate ;intere"ting and challenging )ut not too di<cult=$ A(oid o(er"timulating children, particularly infant"$ *nfant" #ill "ignal #hen they ha(e had enough "timulation )y crying or loo,ing a#ay$ 8i(e children clear limit" through #hat you "ay, ho# you arrange the room and #hat material" you ma,e a(aila)le to them$ Pro(ide "pace for children to play 3uietly and pri(ately a#ay from noi"ier acti(itie"$ %he area "hould include a rug or carpet, "oft pillo#", child7"i4ed uphol"tered furniture, etc$ :otate toy" and material" regularly to ,eep children intere"ted$ 2)"er(e children and li"ten 3uietly a" they play$ >otice their li,e", di"li,e" and intere"t"$ Pay attention to toy" and material" that encourage u"e of the imagination$ 1caled7do#n adult o)6ect" are often good toy" for children$ ?ncourage children to tal, a)out #hat they are doing and ho# they feel$ *ntroduce ne# #ord" to e5pand their (oca)ulary$ @ocument and ta,e dictation of #hat they "ay$ 8et do#n on the children+" le(el and 6oin in their play occa"ionally$ :e"pond to their play #ith encouragement a" a #ay to help them ta,e pride in their play and moti(ate them to play more$ >e(er ma,e fun of children+" play$ 1hare #ith parent"Afamilie" #hat you notice a)out their child+" play$ ?ncourage parent" to dre"" children in #a"ha)le clothe" and "turdy "hoe"$ Safety first It is important to follow basic safety guidelines to reduce the chance that children will be injured during play. This includes providing children with access to safe toys, materials and environments. The following documents from the California Childcare Health Program can assist you: *ndoor and 2utdoor ?n(ironment" 1afety Chec,li"t Po""i)le Cho,ing and 1u/ocation Ha4ard" Po"ter 1afe Playground Ha)it" Po"ter %oy 1afety Chec,li"t Resources ZERO TO THREE: National Center for nfants! Toddlers and "amilies has several documents on tips about play for families and caregivers to download or order, including The Power of Play!earning Through Play from "irth to Three. #vailable online at www.$erotothree.org%play%more.html #la$ing for %eeps has compiled a recommended list of boo&s about play, ranging from theory, suggested play activities, children's stories about play, early childhood educators and parenting resources, etc. #vailable online at: http:%%playingfor&eeps.org%site%library()*.html +egal, ,. -*../0. 1our Child at Play: "irth to 2ne 1ear. 3nd ed. 1our Child at Play +eries 4also available: 2ne to Two5 Two to Three 1ears5 Three to 6ive 1ears5 6ive to 7ight 1ears.8 9ew 1or&: 9ewmar&et Press. References Perry, "., Hogan, !., ,arlin, +. Curiosity, Pleasure and Play: # 9eurodevelopmental Perspective. Haaeyc #dvocate, :une *;, 3))). www.childtrauma.org%ctamaterials%Curiosity.asp. <orale&, =. -3))>0. +potlight on 1oung Children and Play. 9ational #ssociation for the 7ducation of 1oung Children. ?ashington, =.C.