Chapter 9, Solution 1

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 9, Solution 1.
First note:
Have
y=
b2 b1
x + b1
a
I y = x 2dA
b2 b1
x + b1
a
a
x 2d ydx
0 0
a
b b1
= 0 x2 2
x + b1 dx
a
1 b b1 4 1 3
= 2
x + b1x
3
4 a
0
=
1 3
a ( b1 + 3b2 )
12
Iy =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1 3
a ( b1 + 3b2 )
12
At
x = a, y = b :
y =
b
a
5
2
b = ka 2
x2
or
dI y =
1 3
x dy
3
Then
Iy =
x=
or
a
b
b
5
a2
2
5
y5
1 a3 65
y dy
3 b 65
1 a3 b 65
y dy
3 b 65 0
1 5 a3 115
=
y
3 11 b 65
=
k =
5 a3 115
b
33 b 65
or I y =
5 3
ab
33
At x = 0:
First note:
At x = a :
a = k ( 2b b )
k =
x=
Have
c = b
or
or
0 = k (b + c)
a
b2
a
2
y b)
2(
b
I y = x 2dA
=
a
2
y b)
2b b 2 (
0
0
x 2dxdy
3
1 2b a
2
y b ) dy
0 2(
3
b
2b
1 a3 1
7
=
( y b)
6
3b
7
b
=
1 3
ab
21
Iy =
1 3
ab
21
y = kx 2 + c
Have
b = k ( 0) + c
x = 0, y = b :
At
c=b
or
At
x = 2a, y = 0:
or
k =
y =
Then
=
Then
I y = x 2dA,
2a
I y = a x 2dA =
0 = k ( 2a ) + b
b
4a 2
b 2
x +b
4a 2
b
4a 2 x 2
4a 2
dA = ydx =
)
(
b
4a 2 x 2 dx
4a 2
b 2a 2
2
2
x 4a x dx
4a 2 a
2a
b 2 x3 x5
=

4a
3
5 a
4a 2
=
b
b
8a3 a3
32a5 a5
2
3
20a
7a3b 31a3b
3
20
Iy =
47 3
ab
60
First note:
Have
y =
b2 b1
x + b1
a
I x = y 2dA
=
b2 b1
x + b1
a
a
0 0
y 2d ydx
3
1 a b b1
= 0 2
x + b1 dx
3 a
4
1 1 a b2 b1
=
x + b1
3 4 b2 b1 a
1
a
b24 b14
12 b2 b1
1
a
( b2 + b1 )( b2 b1 ) b22 + b12
12 b2 b1
1
a ( b1 + b2 ) b12 + b22
12
)
(
)
Ix =
1
a ( b1 + b2 ) b12 + b22
12
SOLUTION
At x = a, y = b : b = ka 2
or k =
y =
b
5
a2
b
a
x2
5
2
I x = y 2dA
=
2
y 5 dy
b
2
0 y
dA = xdy
2
5
5 175
= 2
y
b 5 17
17
5a b 5
=
17 b 52
or I x =
5 3
ab
17
At x = 0: 0 = k ( b + c )
First note:
or
c = b
At x = a : a = k ( 2b b )
Have
or
k =
a
b2
x=
a
2
y b)
2(
b
I x = y 2dA
a
2
y b)
2b b 2 (
0
b
y 2dxdy
a 2b 2
2
y ( y b ) dy
2 b
b
a 2b 4
y 2by 3 + b 2 y 2 dy
2 b
b
a 1 5 1 4 1 2 3
y by + b y
2
3
b2 5
b
a 1
1
1 2
1 2 3
5
4
3
1 5 1
4
( 2b ) ( 2b ) + b ( 2b ) b b b + b b
2
3
5
2
3
b 2 5

2b
( )
( )
8 1 1 1
32
= ab3
8+ +
3 5 2 3
5
=
31 3
ab
30
Ix =
31 3
ab
30
Have
y = kx 2 + c
At
x = 0, y = b: b = k (0) + c
or
c=b
At
x = 2a, y = 0: 0 = k (2a) 2 + b
or
k =
Then
y =
Now
dI x =
=
b
4a 2
b
4a 2 x 2
4a 2
1 3
y dx
3
3
1 b3
4a 2 x 2 dx
6
3 64a
continued
Then
I x = dI x
=
3
1 b3 2 a
4a 2 x 2 dx
6 a
3 64a
b3
2a
64a 6 48a 4 x 2 + 12a 2 x 4 x 6 dx
6 a
192a
2a
b3
12 2 5 x 7
6
4 3
64
a
x
16
a
x
a x
=
5
7 a
192a 6
=
b3
64a 7( 2 1) 16a 7 ( 8 1)
192a 6
12 7
1
a ( 32 1) (128 1)
5
7
ab3
372 127
3
64 112 +
= 0.043006ab
192
5
7
I x = 0.0430ab3
x2
y2
+
=1
a 2 b2
x = a 1
y2
b2
dA = xdy
dI x = y 2dA = y 2 xdy
b
I x = dI x = b xy 2dy = a b y 2 1
Set: y = b sin
y2
dy
b2
dy = b cos d
I x = a 2 b 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 b cos d
= ab3 2 sin 2 cos 2 d = ab3 2

2
1 2
sin 2 d
4
1
1
1
1
2
= ab3 2 (1 cos 4 ) d = ab3 sin 4
2
4
8
4
1 3 3
ab = ab
8
2 2 8
Ix =
1
ab3
8
At
2a = kb3
x = 2a, y = b:
or
k =
2a
b3
Then
x=
2a 3
y
b3
or
y =
Now
dI x =
( 2a )
1
3
x3
1 3
1 b3
y dx =
xdx
3
3 2a
2a
Then
1 b3 2 a
1 b3 1 2
I x = dI x =
xdx
x
=
3 2a a
6 a 2 a
=
b3
4a 2 a 2
12a
)
Ix =
1 3
ab
4

a
At x = a : b = k 1 e a
First note:
or
Have
k =
b
1 e1
I x = y 2dA
b
a 1 e
0 0
1 e a
y 2dydx
3
x
1 b a
1 e a dx
1 0
31 e
x
2 x
3 x
1 b a
1 3e a + 3e a e a dx
1 0
31 e
x
1 b
a 2 x a 3x
x 3( a ) e a + 3 e a e a
=
1
31 e
2
3
0
1 b
1
1

=
a + 3ae1 1.5ae2 + ae 3 3a 1.5a + a
1
3 1 e
3
3

1
ab3
3 1 e 1
11
1.91723
6
= 0.1107ab3
I x = 0.1107ab3

x2
y2
+
=1
a 2 b2
y = b 1
x2
a2
dA = 2 ydx
dI y = x 2dA = 2 x 2 ydx
a
I y = dI y = 0 2 x 2 ydx = 2b 0 x 2 1
x = a sin
Set:
x2
dx
a2
dx = a cos d
I y = 2b 02 a 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 a cos d

3
= 2a b sin cos d = 2a b 02
2
0
1 2
sin 2 d
4
1
1
1
1
2
= a3b 02 (1 cos 4 ) d = a3b sin 4
2
2
4
4
1 3

a b 0 = a3b
4
2
8
Iy =
1 3
a b
8
At
x = 2a, y = b : 2a = kb3
2a 3
y
b3
Then
x=
or
y =
Now
I y = x 2dA
Then
I y = a x2
( 2a )
( 2a )
1
3
x 3 dx
( 2a )
x3
dA = ydx
2a
1
3
1
3
b
1
( 2a ) 3
2a
a x 3 dx
3 103
x
10
3b
10 ( 2a )
1
3
2a
2a 103 a 103
( )
10
3ba3 103
2 1 3
1
10 ( 2 ) 3
= 2.1619a3b
or I y = 2.16a3b

First note:
or
Have
a
At x = a : b = k 1 e a
k =
b
1 e1
I y = x 2dA
b
a 1 e
0 0
1 e a
2
x d ydx
0 x 1 e1 1 e a dx
a 2
2

b 1 3
e a 1 2
1
x
x
2
x
2
=
3
1 e1 3
a

1 a

0
=
b 1 3
a
3 1 a
3
+
a
a
e
2 + 2 + 2 a 2
1
a
1 e 3
a
a3b 1
+ 5e 1 2
1
1 e 3
= 0.273a3b
I y = 0.273 a3b
k1 =
or
Then
y1 =
and
x1 =
b 4
x
a4
a
b
1
4
b = k2a 4
b
a4
k2 =
b
y2 =
1
4
b
1
a4
x4
a
a
x2 = 4 y 4
b
y4
A = ( y2 y1 ) dx = b
Now
b = k1a 4
x = a, y = b:
At
x 14
1
4
x 4
dx
a4
4 x 54 1 x5
= 3 ab
= b
5
5 a 14 5 a 4
0
I x = y 2dA
Then
dA = ( x1 x2 ) dy
a 1
a
b
I x = 0 y 2 1 y 4 4 y 4 dy
4
b
b
4 y 134
1 y 7
= a
7 b4
13 b 14
1
4
= ab3
13 7
or I x =
Now
kx =
Ix
=
A
15 3
ab
91
=
3
ab
5
15 3
ab
91
25 2
b = 0.52414b
91
or k x = 0.524b

First note:
At x = a :
2b = k a
or
Straight line:
Now:
k=
2b
a
y1 =
b
x
a
y2 =
2b
a
b
a 2b 12
A = 2 0
x x dx
a
a
a
4 x 23
1 2
= 2b
x
3 a 2a
0
=
Have
5
ab
3
I x = y 2dA
1
2b 2
x
a
a
0 bx
a
= 2
y 2dydx
2 a 8b3 32 b3 3
x 3 x dx

3 0 a 23
a
2b3 2
8 5
1
=
3 x 2 3 x 4
3 5 a2
4a
0
Ix =
And
kx =
59 3
ab
30
Ix
A
59 3
ab
30
5
ab
3
= b 1.18
k x = 1.086 b

At
x = a, y = b:
k1 =
or
Then
Now
y1 =
b = k1a 4
b = k2a 4
b
a4
b 4
x
a4
k2 =
y2 =
and
A = ( y2 y1 ) dx = b
a4
x 14
1
4
b
a
1
4
x4
x 4
dx
a4
4 x 54 1 x5
= 3 ab
= b
1
4
5
5 a4 5 a
dA = ( y2 y1 ) dx
Now
I y = x 2dA
Then
b 1
b
a
I y = 0 x 2 1 x 4 4 x 4 dx
4
a
a
= b
x 94
1
4
x 6
dx
a4
4 x 134
1 x 7
= b
7 a4
13 a 14
1
4
= b a3 a3
7
13
or I y =
Now
ky =
Iy
A
15 3
ab
91
=
3
ab
5
15 3
ab
91
25
a = 0.52414a
91
or k y = 0.524a

First note:
At x = a :
2b = k a
or
Straight line:
Now:
k=
2b
a
y1 =
b
x
a
y2 =
2b
a
b
a 2b 12
A = 2 0
x x dx
a
a
a
4 x 23
1 2
= 2b
x
3 a 2a
=
Have
5
ab
3
I y = x 2dA
1
2b 2
x
a
a
b
0
x
a
= 2
x 2dydx
2b 12 b
a
x x dx
= 2 0 x 2
a
a
7
2 x2
1 x 4
= 2b 2
7 a 4 a
9 3
ab
14
Iy =
9 3
ab
14
continued
And
ky =
=a
Iy
A
9 3
ab
14
5
ab
3
27
70
k y = 0.621 a

First note:
At x = 0: b = c cos ( 0 )
c=b
or
At x = 2a : b = b sin k ( 2a )
2ka =
or
k=
Then
4a

2a
A = a b sin
x b cos
x dx
4a
4a
2a
4a

4a
= b cos
x
sin
x
4a
4a a

=
=
Have
4ab
1
1
+
(1)

2
2
4ab
2 1
I x = y 2dA
2 a b sin 4a x
= a
b cos
4a
y 2dydx
1 2a 3 3
3
3
b sin 4a x b cos 4a x dx
3 a
2a
b3 4a
1 4a
4a
1 4a 3
x+
cos3
x sin
x
sin
x
=
cos
3
4a
3
4a
4a
3
4a a
=
4ab3
1 +
3
3
3
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
+
3 2 3 2
3 2
2
4ab3 5
2
2
3 6
3
continued
Ix =
2
ab3 5 2 4
9
= 0.217 ab3
And
kx =
I x = 0.217 ab3
Ix
A
2
ab3 5 2 4
9
4
ab 2 1
(
(
= 0.642b
k x = 0.642 b

At x = 0: b = c cos ( 0 )
First note:
c=b
or
At x = 2a : b = b sin k ( 2a )
2ka =
or
k=
4a

2a
A = a b sin
x b cos
x dx
4a
4a
Then
2a
4a

4a
= b cos
x
sin
x
4a
4a a

=
=
Have
4ab
1
1
+
(1)

2
2
4ab
2 1
I y = x 2dA
2 a b sin 4a x 2
x dydx
a b cos x
4a
2a 2
a x b sin 4a x b cos 4a x dx
continued
x

2x
= b
+
sin
x
cos
x
cos
x
2
3

4a
4a
4a

4a
4a
4a
2a
2
2x
x

cos
x
sin
x
sin
x
3
2

4a
4a
4a

4a
4a
4a
a
2a
64a3b

2 2
Iy =
sin
x
cos
x
x
sin
x
cos
x
2
x
+
+
4a 2a
4a
4a
3 4a
16a 2
a
64a3b
2 1
1
2
1
1
2
2
+
(
)(
)
(
)
4 2
16
3
2
I y = 1.482a3b
= 1.48228a3b
And
ky =
Iy
A
1.48228a3b
4ab
2 1
= 1.676a
k y = 1.676a
dI x =
(a)
Ix =
1 3
a dx
3
1 3 a
a3
2
a a dx =
( 2a ) = a 4
3
3
3
dI y = x 2dA = x 2adx
I y = a
a 2
x dx
a
JO = I x + I y =
JO =
kO2 A
x3
2
= a = a4
3 a 3
2 4 2 4
a + a
3
3
4 4
a
JO
2
k =
= 3 2 = a2
A
3
2a
2
JO =
4 4
a
3
kO = a
2
3
(b)
dI x =
Ix =
1 3
a dx
12
a 3 2a
a 3 2a 1 4
dx
=
[ x] = 6 a
12 0
12 0
dI y = x 2dA = x 2 ( adx )
I y = a
2a 2
x dx
0
JO = I x + I y =
J O = kO2 A
2a
x3
8
= a = a4
3
3 0
1 4 8 4 17 4
a + a =
a
6
3
6
17 4
a
J
17 2
kO2 = O = 6 2 =
a
A
12
2a
JO =
17 4
a
6
kO = a
17
12

Have: A = ( 2a )( 3b )
1
( 2a )( b )
2
= 5ab
Have:
JP = Ix + I y
Where:
I x = y 2dA
a 2b
b
x
a
= 2 0
y 2dydx
3
2 a
3
b
2
b
x
( ) a dx
3 0
2
x4
= b3 8x + 3
3
4a
=
And
11 3
ab
2
I y = x 2dA
a 2b
2
b x dydx
x
a
= 2 0
a
b
= 2 0 x 2 2b x dx
a
1 4
2
= 2b x3 +
x
4a 0
3
=
11 3
ab
6
continued
Then:
Also:
JP =
kP =
11 3 11 3
ab + a b
2
6
JP =
11
ab a 2 + 3b 2
6
kP =
11 2
a + 3b 2
30
JP
A
11
ab a 2 + 3b 2
6
5ab
y1 :
x = a,
At
y = 2b: 2b = ma
or
m=
2b
a
Then
y1 =
2b
x
a
y2 :
x = 0, y = b: b = k ( 0 ) + c or
At
x = a, y = 2b: 2b = ka 2 + b
At
k =
or
y2 =
Then
Now
c=b
b
a2
b 2
b
x + b = 2 x2 + a2
a2
a
2b
a b
A = ( y2 y1 ) dx = 0 2 x 2 + a 2
x dx
a
a
b 1
b
= 2 x3 + a 2 x x 2
a 0
a 3
=
Now
1
b 1 3
b
a + a3 a 2 = ab
2
3
a 3
a
a
I y = x 2dA = 0 x 2 ( y2 y1 ) dx
=
2b
x dx
a 2
2
2
0 x a2 ( x + a ) a
b 1
1
2b x 4
= 2 x5 + a 2 x3
3
a 5
a 4 0
=
b a5 1 5 2b a 4
1 3
+ a
=
ab
2
3 a 4
30
a 5
continued
And
1
1
I x = dI x = y23 y13 dx
3
3
1 a b3 2
x + a2
0 6
3 a
1 b3 a 1 6
x + 3x 4a 2 + 3x 2a 4 + a 6 8x3 dx
3 a3 0 a3
8b3 3
x dx
a3
1 b3 1 x 7 3 2 5 3 4 3
8 4
6
Ix =
a
x
a
x
a
x
+
+
+
3 3
4x
3 a a 7
5
3
0
Finally
1 b3 1 a 7 3 7
26 3
+ a + a 7 + a 7 2a 4 =
ab
3 3
3 a a 7
5
105
26 3
1 3
ab +
ab
105
30
JP = Ix + I y =
or J P =
And
kP =
JP
=
A
ab
7a 2 + 52b 2
210
ab
7a 2 + 52b 2
210
1
ab
3
or k P =
)
7a 2 + 52b 2
70

x = r 2 y2
First note:
JP = Ix + I y
r
I x = y 2dA = 2 r 0
r 2 y2
y 2dxdy
= 2 r y 2 r 2 y 2 dy
2
Let
Then
Thus
y = r sin
dy = r cos d ;
y = r:
y=
r
:
2
I x = 2 2 r 2 sin 2 ( r cos )( r cos d )

6
Now
sin 2 = 2sin cos

Ix =
thus
1 2
sin 2
4
1 4 2 2
r sin 2 d
2
6
1 sin 4
= r4
2 2
8
1 4
1
3
+
r
2 4 12 8
2
3
r4
+
4 3
8
r
I y = x 2dA = 2 r 0
r 2 y2
sin 2 cos 2 =
x 2dxdy
2 r 2
2
r r y 2 dy
3 2
continued
Let
Then
Now
Thus
y = r sin
Iy =
2 2 3
3
r cos
3 6
) ( r cos d )
cos 4 = cos 2 1 sin 2 = cos 2
Iy =
1 2
sin 2
4
2 4 2 2
1
r cos sin 2 2 d
3
4
6
2 sin 2 1 sin 4 2
= r 4 +

3 2
4 4 2
8
6
Then
1 4 1 1
3 1 1 1
3
r +
+
3 2 4 2 6 2
2
4 6 4 4
2
r4 3 3

4 3
8
JP =
r4
3 r4 3 3
+
+

43
8 4 3
8
r4
8 3 3
48
)
J P = 0.415r 4
Now
A = 2 r xdy
2
= r r 2 y 2 dy
2
continued
Let
y = r sin
A = 22 ( r cos )( r cos d )
6
sin 2 2
= 2r +
4
2
6
1
3
= r 2
2
2 6 2
=
Have
kP =
r2
4 3 3
12
JP
A
r4
8 3 3
48
r2
4 3 3
12
(
(
)
)
k P = 0.822 r
J O I 0 = r 2dA
(a) Have
dA =
Where
Then
R
3
J O = R 2 r 2
1
2
3
rdr
2
r dr
3 4 2
3 4
r
=
R2 R14
8
8
R1
JO =
I x = 3 ( I x )1
so that
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 = 3 ( I y )1
Iy = Iy
( I x )1 = ( I y )1
Symmetry implies
Ix = I y
Then
Then
( I x )1 = ( I x )2 = ( I x )3
By inspection
Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
(b) Now
Similarly,
3 4
R2 R14
8
JO = I x + I y
Ix = I y =
JO
3 4
=
R2 R14
2
16
or I x = I y =
3 4
R2 R14
16
(
(
3
3 2
rdr =
R2 R12
2
4
) (
)
Then
R2 = Rm +
kO2 =
t
2
)(
1
( R1 + R2 )
2
Rm =
For
)
)
3 4
R2 R14
R22 + R12 R22 R12
J
1 2
2
O
8
kO =
=
=
=
R2 + R12
2
2
3 2
A
2
2
R
R
2
2
1
R2 R1
4
Now
And
A = dA = R 2
1
And
Then
3 4
R2 R14
8
JO =
(a) From Problem 9.25
R1 = Rm
and
2
kO2
t
2
1
= Rm2 + t 2
4
Rm2
kO
Or
(b) Have
t = R2 R1
and
1
t
t
Rm + + Rm
2
2
2
R1, R2
R kO
% error = m
100% =
kO
1 1+
Rm2 +
Rm
Rm2 +
1 t
4 Rm
1 t
1+
4 Rm
Rm
1 2
t
4 100%
1 2
t
4
100%
continued
Then
t
= 1: % error =
Rm
1 1+
1+
1
4
1
4 100%
or % error = 10.56%
t
1
= : % error =
Rm
4
1 1+
11

44
11
1+
4 4
100%
or % error = 0.772%
1
t
= : % error =
Rm 16
1 1
1 1+
4 16
1+
1 1

4 16
100%
or % error = 0.0488%
Have:
a cos 2
A = 2 04 0
rdrd
= 04 a 2 cos 2 2 d
sin 4 4
=a +
8 0
2
=
Have:
a2
J O = r 2dA
a cos 2
= 2 04 0
r 2 ( rdrd )
1
= 04 a 4 cos 4 2 d
2
Now:
cos 4 2 = cos 2 2 1 sin 2 2
= cos 2 2
1 2
sin 4
4
Then:
1
1
J O = a 4 04 cos 2 2 sin 2 4 d
2
4
1 sin 4 1 sin 8
= a 4 +

2 2
8 4 2
16
1 4 1
a
4 4 4 4
JO =
3 4
a
64
continued
And:
kO =
JO
A
3 4
a
64
a2
kO =
a
6
4
y =
By observation
b
y
2h
x=
or
b
dA = xdy =
2h
Now
dI x = y 2dA =
Then
I x = dI x = 2 0
b 3
y dy
2h
1 3
bh
4
=
0
y =
From above
Now
y dy
b 3
y dy
2h
And
b y4
=
h 4
h
x
b
2
2h
x
b
2h
dA = ( h y ) dx = h
x dx
b
h
( b 2 x ) dx
b
And
dI y = x 2dA = x 2
Then
I y = dI y = 2 02
h
( b 2 x ) dx
b
h 2
x ( b 2 x ) dx
b
b
h 1
1 2
= 2 bx3 x 4
b 3
2 0
3
4
h b b
1b
1 3
bh
=2 =
b 3 2
2 2 48
continued
Now
JO = I x + I y =
1 3
1 3
bh +
bh
4
48
or J O =
And
bh
12h 2 + b 2
J
1
2
48
O
kO =
12h 2 + b 2
=
=
1
A
24
bh
2
bh
12h 2 + b 2
48
)
or kO =
12h 2 + b 2
24
First the circular area is divided into an increasing number of identical

circular sectors. The sectors can be approximated by isosceles triangles.
For a large number of sectors the approximate dimensions of one of the
isosceles triangles are as shown.
For an isosceles triangle (see Problem 9.28)
JO =
b = r
Then with
dJ O sector
d
and
h=r
1 4
r 12 + 2
48
J O sector
2
1 4
= lim
= lim r 12 + ( )
0

0 48
=
Then
1
( r )( r ) 12r 2 + ( r )2
48
( J O )sector
Now
bh
12h 2 + b 2
48
1 4
r
4
( J O )circle
= dJ O sector =
2
2
4
4
0 4 r d = 4 r [ ]0
or ( J O )circle =
r4
From the solution to sample Problem 9.2, the centroidal polar moment of
inertia of a circular area is
( J C )cir
r4
The area of the circle is
Acir = r 2
So that
A2
J C ( A ) =
cir
2
Two methods of solution will be presented. However, both methods

depend upon the observation that as a given element of area dA is moved
closer to some point C, The value of J C will be decreased ( J C = r 2dA ;
as r decreases, so must J C ).
Solution 1
Imagine taking the area A and drawing it into a thin strip of negligible
width and of sufficient length so that its area is equal to A. To minimize
the value of ( J C ) A , the area would have to be distributed as closely as
possible about C. This is accomplished by winding the strip into a tightly
wound roll with C as its center; any voids in the roll would place the
corresponding area farther from C than is necessary, thus increasing the
value of ( J C ) A . (The process is analogous to rewinding a length of tape
back into a roll.) Since the shape of the roll is circular, with the centroid
of its area at C, it follows that
( JC ) A
A2
Q.E.D.
2
where the equality applies when the original area is circular.

continued
Solution 2
Consider an area A, with its centroid at point C, and a circular area of area
A, with its center (and centroid) at point C. Without loss of generality,
assume that
A1 = A2
A3 = A4
It then follows that
( J C ) A = ( J C )cir
+ J C ( A1 ) J C ( A2 ) + J C ( A3 ) J C ( A4 )
Now observe that
J C ( A1 ) J C ( A2 ) 0
J C ( A3 ) J C ( A4 ) 0
since as a given area is moved farther away from C its polar moment of
inertia with respect to C must increase.
( J C ) A ( J C )cir
or
( JC ) A
A2
Q.E.D.
2
Area: A = 2 (10 mm )( 40 mm ) + ( 90 mm )(10 mm ) = 1700 mm 2

Part
I x = I x + Ad 2 =
1
(10 mm )( 40 mm )3 + (10 mm )( 40 mm )( 25 mm )2
12
= 303.3 103 mm 4
1
( 90 mm )(10 mm )3 = 7.50 103 mm 4
12
Part
Ix = Ix =
Part
(Same as Part
) I x = 303.3 103 mm 4
Thus for entire area:
I x = ( 303.3 + 7.50 + 303.3) 103 = 614.2 103 mm 4
I x = 614 103 mm 4
k x2 =
Ix
614.2 103 mm 4
=
= 361.27 mm 2
2
A
1700 mm
k x = 19.01 mm
Have
A = A1 A2 A3
= (12 )( 8 ) ( 5 )( 4 ) ( 2 )( 6 ) in 2
= 64 in 2
Have
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
1
3
3
3
1
1
= (12 )( 8 ) ( 5 )( 4 ) ( 2 )( 6 ) in 4
12
12
12

= ( 512 26.667 36 ) in 4
= 449.33 in 4
I x = 449 in 4
And
kx =
Ix
A
449.33 in 4
64 in 2
= 2.65 in.
k x = 2.65 in.
A = 2 (10 mm )( 40 mm ) + ( 90 mm )(10 mm ) = 1700 mm 2
Area:
Part
: I y = I y + Ad 2 =
1
( 40 mm )(10 mm )3 + ( 40 mm )(10 mm )( 40 mm )2
12
= 643.3 103 mm 4
1
(10 mm )( 90 mm )3 = 607.5 103 mm 4
12
Part
: Iy = Iy =
Part
: (Same as Part
) I y = 643.3 103 mm 4
Thus for entire area:
I y = ( 643.3 + 607.5 + 643.3) 103 mm 4
= 1.894 106 mm 4
k y2 =
Iy
A
I y = 1.894 106 mm 4
1.894 106 mm 4
= 1114.2 mm 2
2
1700 mm
k y = 33.4 mm
Have
A = A1 A2 A3
= (12 )( 8 ) ( 5 )( 4 ) ( 2 )( 6 ) in 2
= 64 in 2
Have
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
2
1
1
3
3
3
2
1 1
= ( 8 )(12 ) ( 4 )( 5 ) + 20 ( 6 )( 2 ) + 12 ( 4 ) in 4
12
2 12

12
= (1152 ) ( 41.667 + 5 ) ( 4 + 192 ) in 4

= 909.33 in 4
And
ky =
I y = 909 in 4
Iy
A
909.33 in 4
64 in 2
= 3.77 in.
k y = 3.77 in.
Have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
3
3
1
1
= ( 2a )( 4a ) + ( a )( 3a )
3
3
2
2

4a
4a
+ a 4 a 2 + a 2 3a +

16
4 3 4
3

4
9
4 4
128 4 27 4
a + a +
a
=
+
+2+
3
3
16
9
4
9

161 37 4
4
=
+
a = 60.9316a
16
3
or I x = 60.9a 4
Also
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
3
3
1
1
= ( 4a )( 2a ) + ( 3a )( a ) + a 4
3
3
16

32
=
+ 1 + a 4 = 11.8630a 4
16
3
or I y = 11.86a 4
Have
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
3
1

= ( 3a )( 2a ) a 4 a 4
12
8 8
= 2 a4 = 2 a4
8 8
4
or I x = 1.215a 4
Also
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
2
1
3
a
= ( 2a )( 3a ) + ( 3a )( 2a )
2
12
2
2

4a
4a
a 4 a 2 + a 2 2a

2 3 2
3
8
2
2

4a
4a
a4 a2 + a2 a

2 3 2
3
8
8
8
8 4
9 3
= + a4
+ 2 +
a
3 9
2 2
8 9
8
4
8

+ +
2 3 9
8 9
11
4
a = 10
4
4
a
= 1.3606a 4
or I y = 1.361a 4
I AA = 2.2 106 mm 4 = I + A ( 25 mm )
I BB = 4 106 mm 4 = I + A ( 35 mm )
I BB I AA = ( 4 2.2 ) 106 = A 352 252
)
1.8 106 = A ( 600 )
Then
I AA = 2.2 106 mm 4 = I + 3000 mm 2 ( 25 mm )
A = 3000 mm 2
I = 325 103 mm 4
I = 325 103 mm 4

Given: A = 6000 mm 2
I AA = 18 106 mm 4 = I + 6000 mm 2 ( 50 mm )
I = 3 106 mm 4
I BB = I + Ad 2 = 3 106 mm 4 + 6000 mm 2 ( 60 mm )
= 24.6 106 mm 4
I BB = 24.6 106 mm 4

Have
J A = J C + Ad12
(
= A ( 3a
d1 = 2a
J B = J C + A d 22 + a 2
Then
J A JB
Substituting
d 22
)
(
2
256 in 4 190 in 4 = 24 in 2 3a 2 ( 2 in.)
a = 1.500 in.
And
2
256 in 4 = J C + 24 in 2 4 (1.500 in.)
J C = 40.0 in 4

J A = J C + Ad12
Have
J B = J C + A d 22 + a 2
J B = 3 J A; d1 = d 2 = 2.5 in.
(a)
Then
a2 = 2
or
3 J C + Ad12 = J C + A d12 + a 2
JC
+ 2d12
A
52.5 in 4
2
= 2
+
2.5
in.
(
)
2
30 in
a = 4.00 in.
(b)
Have
2
2
J B = 52.5 in 4 + 30 in 2 ( 2.5 in ) + ( 4.00 in.)
J B = 720 in 4

Determination of centroid:
y = 0 by symmetry.
Part
1
2
3
x =
Area
( )
2
3 ( 0.75 ) = 2.25
6 ( 0.75 ) = 4.50
3 ( 0.75 ) = 2.25
9.00
x ( in.)
1.5
( )
xA in 3
3.375
0.375
1.6875
1.5
3.375
8.4375
xA 8.4375 in 3
=
= 0.9375 in.
9.00 in 2
Determination of I x :
Part
: Ix =
1
( 3 in.)( 0.75 in.)3 + ( 3 in.)( 0.75 in.)( 3.375 in.)2 = 25.734 in 4
12
1
Part : I x =
( 0.75 in.)( 6 in.)3 = 13.50 in 4
12
Part
: (Same as Part
) I x = 25.734 in 4
Entire Section: I x = ( 25.734 + 13.50 + 25.734 ) in 4
= 64.97 in 4
I x = 65.0 in 4
Determination of I y :
: Iy =
Part
2
1
( 0.75 in.)( 3 in.)3 + ( 0.75 in.)( 3 in.) (1.5 0.9375) in.
12
= 2.3994 in 4
Part
: Iy =
2
1
( 6 in.)( 0.75 in.)3 + ( 6 in.)( 0.75 in.) ( 0.9375 0.375) in.
12
= 1.6348 in 4
Part
: (Same as Part
) I y = 2.3994 in 4
Entire Section: I y = ( 2.3994 + 1.6348 + 2.3994 ) in 4
= 6.434 in 4
I y = 6.43 in 4

Locate centroid
y1 = 52.5 mm A1 = ( 84 mm )(105 mm )
= 8820 mm 2
y2 = 90 mm A2 =
1
( 42 mm )( 45 mm )
2
= 945 mm 2
y =
Then
yi Ai
Ai
( 52.5 mm ) (8820 mm 2 ) + ( 90 mm ) ( 945 mm 2 )

8820 mm 2 945 mm 2
= 48.0 mm
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2
Have
3
2
1
= ( 84 mm )(105 mm ) + 8820 mm 2 ( 52.5 mm 48.0 mm )
12
3
2
1
( 42 mm )( 45 mm ) + 945 mm 2 ( 90.0 mm 48.0 mm )
36
= ( 8103375 + 178605 ) (106312.5 + 1666980 ) mm 4
I x = 6.51 106 mm 4
( )1 ( I y )2
And I y = I y
3
3
1
1
= (105 mm )( 84 mm ) 2 ( 45 mm )( 21 mm )
12
12
= 5186160 2 ( 34728.75 ) mm 4
I y = 5.12 106 mm 4

Locate centroid:
x1 = 8 in. y1 = 3 in. A1 = (16 )( 6 ) = 96 in 2

x2 = 1.5 in. y2 = 2 in. A2 = ( 3)( 4 ) = 12 in 2
x3 = 14 in. y3 = 5.25 in. A3 = ( 4 )(10.5 ) = 42 in 2
x =
xA
8 ( 96 ) 1.5 (12 ) + 14 ( 42 ) in 3
=
= 8.92 in.
( 96 + 12 + 42 ) in 2
y =
( ) ( ) ( )
yA
A
3 ( 96 ) + 2 (12 ) 5.25 ( 42 ) in 3
=
= 0.610 in.
( 96 + 12 + 42 ) in 2
I x = I x1 + I x2 + I x3
3
2
3
2
1
1
= (16 )( 6 ) + ( 96 )( 3 0.610 ) in 4 + ( 3)( 4 ) + (12 )( 2 0.610 ) in 4
12
12
3
2
1
+ ( 4 )(10.5 ) + ( 42 )( 5.25 0.610 ) in 4
12
= ( 288 + 548.36 ) + (16 + 23.185 ) + ( 385.875 + 1442.26 ) in 4

= 2703.7 in 4
I x = 2700 in 4
( ) ( ) ( )
I y = I y1 + I y2 + I y3
3
2
3
2
1
1
= ( 6 )(16 ) + ( 96 )( 8 8.92 ) in 4 + ( 4 )( 3) + (12 )( 1.5 8.92 ) in 4
12
12
3
2
1
+ (10.5 )( 4 ) + ( 42 )(14 8.92 ) in 4
12
= ( 2048 + 81.254 ) + ( 9 + 1302.92 ) + ( 56 + 1083.87 ) in 4

= 4581.0 in 4
I y = 4580 in 4

Locate centroid:
x1 = 20 mm y1 = 45 mm A1 = ( 40 mm )( 90 mm )
= 3600 mm 2
x2 = 50 mm y2 = 51 mm A2 =
1
( 48 mm )( 30 mm )
2
= 720 mm 2
Then
x =
=
xi Ai
i
( 20 mm ) ( 3600 mm 2 ) + ( 50 mm ) ( 720 mm 2 )
3600 mm 2 + 720 mm 2
= 25.0 mm
And
y =
yi Ai
Ai
( 45 mm ) ( 3600 mm 2 ) + ( 51 mm ) ( 720 mm 2 )
3600 mm 2 + 720 mm 2
= 46.0 mm
Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
3
2
1
= ( 40 mm )( 90 mm ) + 3600 mm 2 (1 mm )
12
1
3
2
1
+ ( 30 mm )( 24 mm ) + 720 mm 2 ( 59 mm 46.0 mm )
2
36
1
3
2
1
+ ( 30 mm )( 24 mm ) + 720 mm 2 ( 46.0 mm 43 mm )
2
36
) (
) (
= 2.430 106 + 3600 + 11.520 103 + 60.840 103 + 11.520 103 + 3240 mm 4
I x = 2.52 106 mm 4
continued
And
( )1 + ( I y )2
Iy = Iy
3
2
1
= ( 90 mm )( 40 mm ) + 3600 mm 2 ( 5 mm )
12
3
2
1
+ ( 48 mm )( 30 mm ) + 720 mm 2 ( 25 mm )
36
) (
= 480 103 + 90 103 + 36 103 + 450 103 mm 4
I y = 1.056 106 mm 4
Dimensions in mm
Determination of centroid, C:
Par
Area mm 2
y mm
yA mm3
170.67 103
1
(160 )(80 ) = 6400
2
80
3
1
(80 )( 60 ) = 24
2
20
yA
122.67 103 mm 3
=
4000 mm 2
= 30.667 mm
y =
48.0 103
122.67 103
4000
(a) Polar moment of inertia with respect to point O, J O :

Part
Ix =
1
(160 mm )(80 mm )3 = 6.8267 106 mm 4
12
3
1
I y = 2 ( 80 mm )( 80 mm ) = 6.8267 106 mm 4
12
J O = I x + I y = ( 6.8267 + 6.8267 ) 106 = 13.653 106 mm 4

Part
Ix =
1
(80 mm )( 60 mm )3 = 1.440 106 mm 4
12
3
1
I y = 2 ( 60 mm )( 40 mm ) = 0.640 106 mm 4
12
J O = I x + I y = (1.440 + 0.640 ) 106 = 2.080 106 mm 4
continued
Entire Section:
( ) ( )
J O = J O1 J O2 = 13.653 106 2.080 106 mm 4

= 11.573 106 mm 4
J O = 11.57 106 mm 4
(b) Polar moment of inertia with respect to centroid, J C :
J O = J C + Ay 2
11.573 106 mm 4 = J C + 4000 mm 2 ( 30.667 mm )
J C = 7.8116 106 mm 4
J C = 7.81 106 mm 4

Locate centroid:
By symmetry, y = 0
A1 = (100 mm )( 60 mm ) = 6000 mm 2
x1 = 0
x2 =
4 ( 45 mm )
3
A2 =
x3 =
All dimensions in mm
mm
( 45mm )2 = 1012.5
4 ( 30 mm )
A3 =
60
40
mm 2
mm
( 30 mm )2 = 450
mm 2
60
40
0 ( 6000 ) +
( 1012.5 ) ( 450 ) mm3
xA
x=
=
= 2.9990 mm
A
( 6000 1012.5 450 ) mm 2
(a)
Have
J O = ( J O )1 ( J O )2 ( J O )3
4
4
1
1
1
= (100 )( 60 ) 1002 + 602 mm 4 ( 45 ) mm 4 ( 30 ) mm 4
4
= 20 400 000 1 025 156 202 500 mm 4

= 60232000 mm 4
(b)
Have
With
or
J O = 60.2 106 mm 4
or
J C = 60.1 106 mm 4
J O = J C + Ax 2
A = ( 6000 1012.5 450 ) mm 2
= 4537.5 mm 2
Then
J C = 60 232 000 mm 4 4537.5 mm 2 ( 2.9990 mm )
= 60 232 000 mm 4 128209 mm 4

= 60 104 000 mm 4

Locate centroid:
(a)
Have
x1 = 4 in.
y1 = 1.15 in.
A1 = (16 )( 2.3) = 36.8 in 2
x2 = 4 in.
y2 = 3.2 in.
A2 =
x3 = 2 in.
y3 = 1.6 in.
1
(12 )( 9.6 ) = 57.6 in 2
2
1
A3 = ( 6 )( 4.8 ) = 14.4 in 2
2
x=
3
xA 4 ( 36.8 ) + 4 ( 57.6 ) + 2 ( 14.4 ) in
348.8 in 3
=
=
= 4.360 in.
A
80 in 2
( 36.8 + 57.6 14.4 ) in 2
y=
3
yA 1.15 ( 36.8 ) + 3.2 ( 57.6 ) + 1.6 ( 14.4 ) in
118.96 in 3
=
=
= 1.487 in.
2
A
80 in
80 in 2
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 ( I x )3
=
1
1
1
(16 )( 2.3)3 in 4 + (12 )( 9.6 )3 in 4 ( 6 )( 4.8)3 in 4
3
12
12
= 64.891 in 4 + 884.736 in 4 55.296 in 4

= 894.33 in 4
( )1 + ( I y )2 ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
1
1
3
2
3
3
1
= ( 2.3)(16 ) + 2.3 (16 )( 4 ) in 4 + ( 9.6 )(12 ) in 4 ( 4.8 )( 6 ) in 4
12
12
12
= 1373.87 in 4 + 1382.4 in 4 86.4 in 4

= 2669.9 in 4
Now
J O = I x + I y = 894.33 in 4 + 2669.9 in 4
= 3564.2 in 4
(b)
J O = 3560 in 4
Have
J O = J C + Ad 2
Then
2
2
J C = 3564.2 in 4 80 in 2 ( 4.360 in.) + (1.487 in.)
where
d2 = x2 + y2
= 3564.2 in 4 1697.66 in 4
= 1866.54 in 4
J C = 1867 in 4
Locate centroid:
4 (12 in.)
y1 =
16
A1 =
y2 = 4 in.
(12 in )2
= 72 in 2
in.
A2 = (12 in.)( 8 in.)

= 96 in 2
Then
y =
yi Ai
i
16
2
2
in. 72 in + ( 4 in.) 96 in
=
72 in 2 96 in 2
= 5.8989 in.
(a)
Have
JO = I x + I y
Where
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2
1
4
3
= (12 in.) (12 in.)( 8 in.)

3
8
= 6095.0 in 4
And
( )1 ( I y )2
Iy = Iy
1
4
3
= (12 in.) ( 8 in.)(12 in.)

12
8
= 6991.0 in 4
Then
J O = ( 6095.0 + 6991.0 ) in 4
= 13086.0 in 4
(b)
Have
J O = 13.09 103 in 4
J O = J C + Ay 2
2
13086.0 in 4 = J C + ( 72 96 ) in 2 ( 5.8989 in.)
J C = 8.555 103 in 4
J C = 8.56 103 in 4

From Fig. 9.13A
Area = A = 4.75 in 2
I x = 17.4 in 4
I y = 6.27 in 4
2
I x = 2 I x + Ad 2 = 2 17.4 in 4 + 4.75 in 2 ( 3.00 1.990 ) in 2
= 2 17.4 in 4 + 4.8455 in 4 = 44.491 in 4
I x = 44.5 in 4
k x2 =
Ix
44.491 in 4
=
= 4.683 in 2
A 2 4.75 in 2
k x = 2.16 in.
2
I y = 2 I y + Ad 2 = 2 6.27 in 4 + 4.75 in 2 ( 2.25 0.987 ) in 2
= 2 6.27 in 4 + 7.5771 in 4 = 27.694 in 4
I y = 27.7 in 4
k y2 =
Iy
A
27.694 in 4
2 4.75 in 2
= 2.9152 in 2
k y = 1.707 in.
Data for C 250 30:
A = 3780 mm 2
I x = 32.6 106 mm 4
I y = 1.14 106 mm 4
Dimensions in mm
A = 2 3780 mm 2 + (10 mm )( 375 mm ) = 15.06 103 mm 2
Total Area,
3
2
1
I x = 2 32.6 106 mm 4 + 2 ( 375 mm )(10 mm ) + ( 375 mm )(10 mm )(132 mm )
12
= 65.2 106 mm 4 + 130.74 106 mm 4

= 195.94 106 mm 4
k x2 =
I x 195.94 106 mm 4
=
= 13.01 103 mm 2
3
2
A
15.06 10 mm
or
I x = 195.9 106 mm 4
or
k x = 114.0 mm
2
3
1
I y = 2 1.14 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 (115.3 mm ) + 2 (10 mm )( 375 mm )
12
= 102.783 106 mm 4 + 87.891 106 mm 4

= 190.674 106 mm 4
k y2 =
Iy
A
190.674 106 mm 4
= 12.661 103 mm 2
15.06 103 mm 2
or
I y = 190.7 106 mm 4
or
k y = 112.5 mm
Shape Data:
Fig. 9.13A
A = 10.3 in 2
S10 35:
A = 5.88 in 2
C10 20:
I x = 147 in 4
I x = 78.9 in 4
I y = 8.36 in 4
I y = 2.81 in 4
Combined section:
A = AS + 2 AC = 10.3 in 2 + 2 5.88 in 2 = 22.06 in 2
I x = ( I x )S + 2 ( I x )C = 147 in 4 + 2 78.9 in 4 = 304.8 in 4

or
I x = 305 in 4
( )S + 2 ( I y )C + ACd 2
Iy = Iy

4
2 4.944
= 8.36 in + 2 2.81 in + 5.88 in
in. + 2.739 in. 0.606 in.
2

= ( 8.36 + 5.62 + 249.38 ) in 4 = 263.36 in 4
kx =
ky =
or
I y = 263 in 4
Ix
=
A
304.8 in 4
22.06 in 2
or
k x = 3.72 in.
Iy
263.36 in 4
22.06 in 2
or
k y = 3.46 in.
A = 3780 mm 2
Channel:
I x = 32.6 106 mm 4
I y = 1.14 106 mm 4
( )C + ( I x )plate
Ix = 2 Ix
Now
= 2 32.6 106 mm 4 +
d
( 300 mm )3
12
= 65.2 106 + 2.25d 106 mm 4

And
( )channel + ( I y )plate
Iy = 2 Iy
2
3
d
( 300 mm ) d
= 2 1.14 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 + 15.3 mm +
12
2

= 2.28 106 + 1890d 2 + 115.668 103 d + 1.7697 106 + 25d 3 mm 4
= 25d 3 + 1890d 2 + 115.67 103 d + 4.0497 106 mm 4

I x = 16I y
Given
Then
65.2 106 + 2.25d 106
= 16 25d 3 + 1890d 2 + 115.67 103 d + 4.0497 106

or
Solving numerically
25d 3 + 1890d 2 24955d 25300 = 0
d = 12.2935 mm
or d = 12.29 mm
Locate centroid:
x1 = 15.3 mm y1 = 127 mm
A1 = 3780 mm 2
x2 = 21.4 mm y2 = 76 mm 21.4 mm
A2 = 932 mm 2
= 54.6 mm
x3 = 21.4 mm y3 = 76 mm + 21.4 mm
A3 = 932 mm 2
= 97.4 mm
Then
x =
xi Ai
i
(15.3 mm ) ( 3780 mm 2 ) + 2 ( 21.4 mm ) ( 932 mm 2 )
3780 mm 2 + 2 932 mm 2
= 3.1794 mm
And
y=
yi Ai
i
(127 mm ) ( 3780 mm 2 ) + ( 76 mm ) ( 2 932 mm 2 )
3780 mm 2 + 2 932 mm 2
= 110.157 mm
Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
2
= 32.6 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 (127 mm 110.157 mm )
(
)
+ ( 932 mm ) (110.157 mm 97.4 mm )
2
+ 0.517 106 mm 4 + 932 mm 2 (110.157 mm 54.6 mm )
+ 0.517 106 mm 4
continued
) (
+ 0.151675 10 ) mm
= 32.6 106 + 1.07234 106 + 0.517 106 + 2.8767 106
+ 0.517 106
I x = 37.7 106 mm 4
And
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
2
= 1.14 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 (15.3 mm 3.1794 mm )
2
+ 2 0.517 106 mm 4 + 932 mm 4 ( 3.1794 mm + 21.4 mm )
) (
= 1.14 106 + 0.55532 106 + 2 0.517 106 + 0.56306 106 mm 4
I y = 3.86 106 mm 4
Angle:
L3 3
1
:
4
A = 1.44 in 2
L6 4
1
:
2
A = 4.75 in 2
Plate:
I x = I y = 1.24 in 4
I x = 6.27 in 4
I y = 17.4 in 4
A = ( 27 in.)( 0.8 in.) = 21.6 in 2
Ix =
1
( 0.8 in.)( 27 in.)3 = 1312.2 in 4
12
Iy =
1
( 27 in.)( 0.8 in.)3 = 1.152 in 4
12
continued
X =0
Centroid:
Y =
or
2 1.44 in 2 ( 27 in. 0.84 in.) + 2 4.75 in 2 ( 0.987 in.) + 21.6 in 2 (13.5 in.)
Y =
2 1.44 in 2 + 4.75 in 2 + 21.6 in 2
=
Now
Ay
A
376.31 in 3
= 11.0745 in.
33.98 in 2
I x = 2 ( I x )1 + 2 ( I x )3 + ( I x )2
2
2
= 2 6.27 + 4.75 (11.075 0.987 ) in 4 + 2 1.24 + 1.44 ( 27 0.842 11.075 ) in 4
2
+ 1312.2 + 21.6 (13.5 11.075 ) in 4
= 2 ( 489.67 ) in 4 + 2 ( 328.84 ) in 4 + 1439.22 in 4 = 3076.24 in 4
or I x = 3076 in 4
Also
( I y ) = 2 ( I y )1 + 2 ( I y )3 + ( I y )2
2
2
= 2 17.4 + 4.75 ( 0.4 + 1.99 ) in 4 + 2 1.24 + 1.44 ( 0.4 + 0.842 ) in 4 + 1.152 in 4
= 2 ( 44.532 ) in 4 + 2 ( 3.4613) in 4 + 1.152 in 4

= 97.139 in 4
or I y = 97.1 in 4
A = 2420 mm 2
Angle:
I x = 3.93 106 mm 4
I y = 1.06 106 mm 4
A = ( 200 mm )(10 mm ) = 2000 mm 2
Plate:
Ix =
1
( 200 mm )(10 mm )3 = 0.01667 106 mm 4
12
Iy =
1
(10 mm )( 200 mm )3 = 6.6667 106 mm 4
12
X =0
Centroid
Y =
or
Y =
Ay
A
2 2420 mm 2 ( 44.4 mm ) + 2000 mm 2 ( 5 mm )

2 ( 2420 ) + 2000 mm 2
204896 mm 3
6840 mm 2
= 29.9556 mm
Now
I x = 2 ( I x )angle + ( I x )plate
2
= 2 3.93 106 + ( 2420 )( 44.4 29.9556 ) mm 4
2
+ 0.01667 106 + ( 2000 )( 29.9556 + 5 ) mm 4
= 2 4.4349 106 mm 4 + 2.4605 106 mm 4

= 11.3303 106 mm 4
or I x = 11.33 106 mm 4
continued
Also
Where
( )angle + ( I y )plate
Iy = 2 Iy
( I y )angle = 1.06 106 mm 4 + ( 2420 mm 2 ) ( b 19.0 mm )2
= 1.06 106 + ( 2420 ) b 2 38b + 361 mm 4
= 2420b 2 91960b + 1.93362 106 mm 4

and
Now
Then
or
( I y )plate = 6.6667 106 mm 4

( )
I y = 3 Ix
2 2420b 2 91960b + 1.93362 106 mm 4 + 6.6667 106 mm 4 = 3 11.33 106 mm 4
2420b 2 91960b + 1.93362 106 13.662 106 = 0

b 2 38.0b 4846.5 = 0
b = 91.16 mm
or b = 91.2 mm
(a)
Using shape data from Fig. 9.13A
xA = 1.78 in.
AA = 8.44 in 2
xC = 0.499 in.
AC = 3.09 in 2
xP = 6 in.
2
AP = ( 0.75a ) in 2
x=
From the condition
xA
=0
or
xA = 0
(1.78 in.) (8.44 in 2 ) ( 0.499 in.) ( 3.09 in 2 ) + 6
or
a 2 12a 35.950 = 0
a
2
in. 0.75a in = 0
2
a = 14.4823 in.
a = 14.48 in.
or
and
(b)
AP = ( 0.75 in.)(14.4823 in.) = 10.8617 in 2
Locate centroid
y=
yA
=
6
in. 3.09 in 2 ( 0.375 in.) 10.8617 in 2
2
(8.44 + 3.09 + 10.8617 ) in 2
(1.78 in.) (8.44 in 2 ) +
= 0.90302 in.
continued
I x = ( I x ) A + ( I x )C + ( I x ) P
Now
2
= 28.2 in 4 + 8.44 in 2 (1.78 in. 0.90302 in.)
2
+ 15.2 in 4 + 3.09 in 2 ( 3.0 in. 0.90302 in.)
3
2
1
+ (14.4823 in.)( 0.75 in.) + 10.8617 in 2 ( 0.375 in. + 0.90302 in.)
12
= ( 28.2 + 6.4912 ) + (15.2 + 13.5877 ) + ( 0.5091 + 17.7408 ) in 4
= 81.729 in 4
I x = 81.7 in 4
or
and
( ) A + ( I y )C + ( I y ) P
Iy = Iy
2
2
= 28.2 in 4 + 8.44 in 2 (1.78 in.) + 0.866 in 4 + 3.09 in 2 ( 0.499 in.)
2
1
14.4823 in.
3
+ ( 0.75 in.)(14.4823 in.) + 10.8617 in 2 6 in.

2

12
= ( 28.2 + 26.741) + ( 0.866 + 0.7694 ) + (189.842 + 16.7319 ) in 4

= 263.15 in 4
or
I y = 263 in 4
R = ydA
From Sec. 9.2:
M AA = y 2dA
Let yP = Distance of center of pressure from AA.
We must have
RyP = M AA ' :
yP =
2
M AA y dA I AA
=
=
ydA
R
yA
For a triangular panel:
I AA =
Thus
1 3
ah
12
y=
1
h
3
A=
1
ah
2
1 3
ah
1
12
yP =
= h
1 1 2
h ah
3 2
yP =
1
h
2
From Sec. 9.2:
R = ydA
M AA = y 2dA

We must have
RyP = M AA ' :
For a semiellipse
yP =
I AA =
y =
2
M AA y dA I AA
=
=
R
yA
ydA
ab3
4b
, A = ab
3
2
Then
yP =
ab3
8
4b
ab
3 2
or yP =
3
b
16
R = ydA
From Sec. 9.2:
M AA = y 2dA
Let yP = Distance of center of pressure from AA :
We must have
RyP = M AA ' :
yP =
2
M AA y dA I AA
=
=
R
yA
ydA
Divide Trapezoid as shown:
I AA =
1
1
1
1
( a b ) h3 + bh3 = ah3 + bh3
12
3
12
4
yA = y1 A1 + y2 A2 =
1 1
1
1
1
h ( a b ) h + h ( bh ) = ah 2 + bh 2
3 2
6
3
2
1 3 1 3
I AA 12 ah + 4 bh
yP =
=
1 2 1 2
yA
ah + bh
6
3
yP =
a + 3b
h
2a + 4b
From Sec. 9.2:
R = ydA
M AA = y 2dA

We must have
RyP = M AA ' :
where
yP =
2
M AA y dA I AA
=
=
R
yA
ydA
I AA = ( I AA )1 + ( I AA )2
2
2

4r 2
4r
3
1
r
r
= ( 2r )( r ) + r 4 r 2
+
+

2 3 2
3
3
8
=
And
2 4
8
4
9
r +
+ + +
3
2 3 8
8 9
5 4
4
r = 2 +
r
8
4r 2
r

YA = yA = ( 2r r ) + r +
r
3 2
2

5
= 1 + + r 3 = + r 3
2 3
3 2
Then
5 4
2 +
r
8
yP =
= 1.2242r
5 3
+ r
3 2
or yP = 1.224r
Using equation developed on page 491 of text:
yP =
R = 920
Then
Ix
I
= AA
yA
yA
R = yA = gyA
kg
m
9.81 2 3 m ( 0.55 0.25 ) m 2
3
m
s
= 3722.9 N
I AA =
and
1
( 0.55 m )( 0.25 m )3 + ( 0.55 m )( 0.25 m )( 3 m )2
12
= 1.238216 m 4
FBD Cover:
and
yA = ( 3 m )( 0.55 m )( 0.25 m ) = 0.4125 m 3
Then
yP =
Symmetry implies
1.238216 m 4
= 3.001736 m
0.4125 m 3
FA = FB
and
FC = FD .
Equilibrium:
M CD = 0:
( 0.125 0.001736 ) m ( 3722.9 N )

+ ( 0.25 m )( 2FA ) = 0
FA = 917.80 N
Fx = 0:
or FA = FB = 918 N
2 ( 917.80 N ) + 3722.9 N 2 FC = 0
FC = 943.65 N
or FC = FD = 944 N

Using equations developed on page 491 of text:
yP =
Now
Ix
I
= ss
yA
yA
R = yA
yA = yA
1
= ( h + 17 in.) 120 in. 51 in.

2
+ ( h + 34 in.) 84 in. 51 in.

2
d = ( h + 79 in.)
= ( 5202h + 124848 ) in 3
= ( 36.125h + 72.25 ) ft 3
Then,
R = yA = 62.4 lb/ft 3 ( 36.125h + 72.75 ) ft 3
= 2254.2 ( h + 2 ) lb
Also,
I ss = ( I ss )1 + ( I ss )2
2
1 120 51 3 1 120 51
17 2
=
ft
ft +
ft
ft h +
ft
12
2 12 12
36 12 12
2
1 84 51 3 1 84 51
34 2
+
ft
ft +
ft
ft h +
ft
12
2 12 12
36 12 12
34
289
1156 4
2 68
h+
h+
= 21.324 + 21.25 h 2 +
+ 14.9266 + 14.875 h +
ft
12
144
12
144
= 36.125h 2 + 144.5h + 198.311 ft 4
continued
Then
=
FBD of Gate:
36.125h 2 + 144.5h + 198.311 ft 4

I ss
yP =
=
yA
( 36.125h + 72.25 ) ft 3
h 2 + 4h + 5.4896
ft
h+2
For gate to open:
M AB = 0: M open + ( yP h ) R = 0
h 2 + 4h + 5.4896

2 ( 8000 lb ft )
h ft 2254.2 ( h + 2 ) lb = 0
h+2

or
Thus
2h 1.60826 = 0
d =h+
h = 0.80413 ft
79
79
ft = 0.80413 +
ft
12
12
= 7.3875 ft
or d = 7.39 ft
x dV
x = EL
dV
Have
dV = ydA
where
and
xEL = x
60
1
x= x
300
5
Now
y =
Then
x =
1
5 x dA
x 5 x dA
x dA = ( I z ) A
xdA ( xA) A
2
where ( I z ) A is the moment of inertia of the area with respect to the z axis, and x is analogous to y p
Now
( Iz )A
1
1
( 240 mm )( 300 mm )3 + ( 240 mm )( 300 mm ) ( 200 mm )2
36
2
= 1.620 109 mm 4
and
Then
xA = ( 200 mm ) ( 240 mm )( 300 mm ) = 7.20 106 mm 3

2
x =
1.620 109 mm 4
7.20 106 mm 3
or x = 225 mm
xv of the volume is defined by
xvV = xEL dV
Selecting the element of volume shown
dV = ydA = kxdA
V = k xdA = kx A A
Where x A = coordinate of the centroid of area A
xvV = xEL dV = x ( kx dA ) = k x 2dA = kI z

Where
I z = moment of inertia of area with respect to z-axis.
Thus
xv =
kI z
I
= z which is the same as for center of pressure.
kx A A
xA A
For circular area:
I z = I z + Aa 2 =
1 4
5
a + a2 a2 = a4
4
4
( )
xA = a
A = a2
Thus
5 4
a
Iz
= 4 2
xv =
xA A a a
( )
xv =
5
a
4

The pressure p at an arbitrary depth ( y sin ) is
p = ( y sin )
so that the hydrostatic force dF exerted on an infinitesimal area dA is
dF = ( y sin ) dA
Equivalence of the force P and the system of infinitesimal forces dF requires
F: P = dF = y sin dA = sin ydA

or P = Ay sin
Equivalence of the force and couple
( P, M x + M y ) and
the system of infinitesimal hydrostatic forces
requires
M x: yP M x =
Now
( ydF )
ydF = y ( y sin ) dA = sin y 2dA

= ( sin ) I x
Then
or
yP M x = ( sin ) I x
M x = ( sin ) I x y ( Ay sin )
= sin I x Ay 2
)
or M x = I x sin
M y : xP + M y = xdF
Now
xdF = x ( y sin ) dA = sin xydA

= ( sin ) I xy ( Equation 9.12 )
continued
Then
or
xP + M y = ( sin ) I xy
M y = ( sin ) I xy x ( Ay sin )
= sin I xy Ax y
or, using Equation 9.13,
or
M y = I xy sin

The pressure p at an arbitrary depth ( y sin ) is
p = ( y sin )
so that the hydrostatic force dP exerted on an infinitesimal area dA is
dP = ( y sin ) dA
The magnitude P of the resultant force acting on the plane area is then
P = dP = y sin dA = sin ydA

= sin ( yA)
Now
p = y sin
P = pA
Next observe that the resultant P is equivalent to the system of infinitesimal forces dP. Equivalence then
requires
M x: yP P = ydP
Now
2
ydP = y ( y sin ) dA = sin y dA
= ( sin ) I x
Then
or
yP P = ( sin ) I x
yP =
( sin ) I x
sin ( yA )
or yP =
M y : xP P = xdP
Now
Ix
Ay
xdP = x ( y sin ) dA = sin xydA

= ( sin ) I xy ( Equation 9.12 )
continued
Then
xP P = ( sin ) I xy
or
xP =
( sin ) I xy
sin ( yA )
or xP =
Now
I x = I x + Ay 2
From above
I x = ( Ay ) yP
By definition
I x = k x2 A
Substituting
( Ay ) yP
I xy
Ay
= k x2 A + Ay 2
yP y =
Rearranging yields
k x2
y
Although k x is not a function of the depth of the area (it depends only on the shape of A), y is dependent on
the depth.
( yP y ) = f ( depth )
y = a 1
First note
1
4a 2 x 2
2
dI xy = dI xy + xEL yEL dA
Have
dI xy = 0
where
yEL =
( symmetry )
xEL = x
1
1
y =
4a 2 x 2
2
4
dA = ydx =
Then
x2
4a 2
1
4a 2 x 2 dx
2
2a 1
1
4a 2 x 2
4a 2 x 2 dx
I xy = dI xy = 0 x
4
2
2a
1 2a
1
1
= 0 4a 2 x x3 dx = 2a 2 x 2 x 4
8
8
4 0
a4
8
1
2
4
2 ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 )
or I xy =
1 4
a
2

First note:
At x = a :
or k =
Now
b = ka3
b
b
; y = 3 x3
3
a
a
I xy = xydA
a b
b 3
x
a3
= 0
xydydx
1 a 2 b2 6
x b a 6 x dx
2 0
b2 1 2
1 8
=
x 6x
2 2
8a
0
=
3 2 2
ab
16
I xy =
3 2 2
ab
16
Have
I xy = xydA
=
b h x xydydx
b
1 0 h2 2
x x dx
2 b b 2
0
=
=
1 h2 4
x
8 b 2 b
1 2 2
b h
8
I xy =
1 2 2
b h
8

a
At x = a : b = ke a
First note:
or k =
Now
b
b x
; y = ea
e
e
I xy = xydA
b ax
a ee
0 0
=
=
xydydx
1 b 2 a 2ax
xe dx
2 e2 0
a
2x
2
a
1b e 2
=
x 1
2 e2 2 2 a
0
a
=
1 b2 a 2 2
e (1) (1)( 1)
2 e2 4
a 2b 2 2
e +1
8e 2
)
I xy = 0.1419a 2b 2
I xy = I xy
Where
( I xy )1 = 0
and
Now
x2 = 15 mm
( )1 ( I xy )2 ( I xy )3
Have
y2 = 10 mm
I xy = I xy + A x y for areas
and
A2 = ( 50 mm )( 20 mm )
= 1000 mm 2
x3 = 15 mm
y3 = 10 mm A3 = ( 50 mm )( 20 mm )
= 1000 mm 2
Then
I xy = 1000 mm 2 ( 15 mm )(10 mm )
(1000 mm )(15 mm )( 10 mm )
= 300 103 mm 4
I xy = 300 103 mm 4
Note: Orientation of A3 corresponding to a 180 rotation of the axes. Equation 9.20 then yields
I xy = I xy
Symmetry implies
Using Sample Problem 9.6
and
Similarly,
and
( I xy )1 = 0
( I xy )2 = 721 ( 9 in.)2 ( 4.5 in.)2 = 22.78125 in 4
X 2 = 9 in.
Y2 = 1.5 in.
A2 =
1
( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.) = 20.25 in 2
2
( I xy )3 = 721 ( 9 in.)2 ( 4.5 in.)2 = 22.78125 in 4

X 3 = 9 in.
Y2 = 1.5 in.
A3 =
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
1
( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.) = 20.25 in 2
2
Then
I xy = I xy
and
I xy = I xy + x y A
Therefore,
I xy = 2 22.78125 + ( 9 )(1.5 )( 20.25 ) in 4
with
( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3
= 501.1875 in 4
or I xy = 501 in 4
( )1 + ( I xy )2
Have
I xy = I xy
For each semicircle
I xy = I xy + x y A
Thus
I xy = x y A
A, mm 2
1
x , mm
(120 )2
= 7200
60
(120 )2
= 7200
60
I xy = 0 (symmetry)
and
y , mm
160
160
Ax y , mm 4
69.12 106
69.12 106
138.24 106
or I xy = 138.2 106 mm 4
( )1 + ( I xy )2
Have
I xy = I xy
For each rectangle
I xy = I xy + Ax y
Thus
I xy = x y A
and
I xy = 0 (symmetry)
A, mm 2
x , mm
y , mm
Ax y , mm 4
76 ( 6.4 ) = 486.4
12.9
9.4
58 980.86
44.6 ( 6.4 ) = 285.44
21.9
16.1
100 643.29
159 624.15
or I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
Have
Now symmetry implies
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy
( I xy )1 = 0
and for the other rectangles
I xy = I xy + x y A
Thus
I xy = ( x y A )2 + ( x y A)3
where
I xy = 0 (symmetry)
= ( 69 mm )( 25 mm ) (12 mm )( 38 mm )
+ ( 69 mm )( 25 mm ) (12 mm )( 38 mm )
= ( 786 600 + 786 600 ) mm 4 = 1 573 200 mm 4
or I xy = 1.573 106 mm 4
( I xy )1 = 0
Symmetry implies
Using Sample Problem 9.6 and Equation 9.20, note that the orientation of A2 corresponds to a
1 2 2
90 rotation of the axes; thus
I xy =
b h
2
72
( )
( I xy )3 = 721 b2h2
Also, the orientation of A3 corresponds to a 270 rotation of the axes; thus
( I xy )2 = 721 ( 9 in.)2 ( 6 in.)2 = 40.5 in 4
Then
and
x2 = 6 in.,
y2 = 2 in.,
x3 = 6 in.,
and
Then
1
( 9 in.)( 6 in.) = 27 in 2
2
( I xy )3 = ( I xy )2 = 40.5 in 4
Also
Now
A2 =
y3 = 2 in.,
( )1 ( I xy )2 ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy
and
A3 = A2 = 27 in 2
I xy = I xy + x y A
( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3
I xy = 2 40.5 in 4 + ( 6 in.)( 2 in.) 27 in 2
= 2 ( 40.5 324 ) in 4
or I xy = 567 in 4
Have
I xy = I xy + x yA
Where
I xy = 0 for each rectangle
Then
I xy = I xy
Section
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3 = x yA
x1 = ( 8.92 in. 8 in.) = 0.92 in.

y1 = 3 in. 0.61 in. = 2.39 in.
A1 = (16 in.)( 6 in.) = 96 in 2

Section
x2 = ( 8.92 in. 1.5 in.) = 10.42 in.

y2 = 2 in. 0.61 in. = 1.39 in.
A2 = ( 3 in.)( 4 in.) = 12 in 2
Section
x3 = (16 in. 8.92 in.) 2 in. = 5.08 in.

y3 = ( 0.61 in. + 5.25 in.) = 5.86 in.
A3 = ( 4 in.)(10.5 in.) = 42 in 2
Then
I xy = ( 0.92 in.)( 2.39 in.) 96 in 2 + ( 10.42in.)(1.39 in.) 12 in 2
+ ( 5.08 in.)( 5.86 in.) 42 in 2
= ( 211.08 + 173.806 + 1250.29 ) in 4

= 1635.18 in 4
I xy = 1635 in 4
( )1 + ( I xy )2
I xy = I xy
Have
For each rectangle
I xy = I xy + x yA
Then
and
I xy = 0 (symmetry)
I xy = x yA = ( 0.75 in.)( 1.5 in.) ( 3 in.)( 0.5 in.)

+ ( 0.5 in.)(1.00 in.) ( 4.5 in.)( 0.5 in.)
= (1.6875 + 1.125 ) in 4 = 2.8125 in 4
or I xy = 2.81 in 4
Ix =
From Figure 9.12:
( 2a )( a )3
16
a4
Iy =
16
( 2a )3 ( a )
a4
I xy =
From Problem 9.67:
1 4
a
2
1
1
5
I x + I y = a4 + a4 =
a4
2
2 8
2 16
First note
1
1

3
I x I y = a4 a4 = a4
2
2 8
2
16
Now use Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20).

Equation (9.18):
I x =
=
Equation (9.19):
I y =
=
Equation (9.20):
I xy =
1
1
Ix + I y +
I x I y cos 2 I xy sin 2
2
2
5
3
1
a 4 a 4 cos 2 a 4 sin 2
16
16
2
1
1
Ix + I y
I x I y cos 2 + I xy sin 2
2
2
5
3
1
a 4 + a 4 cos 2 + a 4 sin 2
16
16
2
1
I x I y sin 2 + I xy cos 2
2
3
1
a 4 sin 2 + a 4 cos 2
16
2
From the solution to Problem 9.72
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
A2 = A3 = 20.25 in 2
First compute the moment of inertia
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
( I x )2 = ( I x )3
with
3
3
1
1
= (12 in.)( 9 in.) + 2 ( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.)
12
12
= ( 729 + 136.6875 ) in 4 = 865.6875 in 4

and
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
with
( I y ) 2 = ( I y )3
3
3
2
1
1
= ( 9 in.)(12 in.) + 2 ( 4.5 in.)( 9 in.) + 20.25 in 2 ( 9 in.)
12
36
= (1296 + 182.25 + 3280.5 ) in 4 = 4758.75 in 4

From Equation 9.18
I x =
=
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
2
cos 2 I xy sin 2
865.6875 in 4 + 4758.75 in 4 865.6875 in 4 4758.75 in 4

+
cos 2 ( 45 )
2
2
501.1875 in 4 sin 2 ( 45 )
= ( 2812.21875 + 501.1875 ) in 4 = 3313.4063 in 4
or I x = 3.31 103 in 4
Similarly
I y =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
2
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
= ( 2812.21875 501.1875 ) in 4 = 2311.0313 in 4
or I y = 2.31 103 in 4
and
I xy =
=
Ix I y
2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
865.6875 in 4 4758.75 in 4
sin 2 ( 45 )
2
+ 501.1875cos 2 ( 45 )
= ( 1946.53125 )( 1) in 4 = 1946.53125 in 4
or I xy = 1.947 103 in 4
From Problem 9.73,
I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
( I x )1 = ( I x )2
= 2 (120 mm )
8
= 51.84 106 mm 4
( )1 + ( I y )2
( I y )1 = ( I y )2
Iy = Iy
4
2
2
= 2 (120 mm ) + (120 mm ) ( 60 mm )
2
8
= 103.68 106 mm 4
(
)
= 2 ( 51.84 10 ) = 103.68 10
Have
I x = 2 25.92 106 = 51.84 106 mm 4
and
Iy
Then
1
I x + I y = 77.76 106 mm 4
2
and
mm 4
1
I x I y = 25.92 106 mm 4
2
Now, from Equations 9.18, 9.19, and 9.20

Equation 9.18:
I x =
1
1
Ix + I y +
I x I y cos 2 I xy sin 2
2
2
= 77.76 106 25.92 106 cos ( 60 ) 138.24 106 sin ( 60 ) mm 4

= 323.29 106 mm 4
or I x = 323 106 mm 4
Equation 9.19:
I y =
1
1
Ix + I y
I x I y cos 2 + I xy sin 2
2
2
= 77.76 106 + 25.92 106 cos ( 60 ) + 138.24 106 sin ( 60 ) mm 4

= 165.29 106 mm 4
or I y = 165.29 106 mm 4
Equation 9.20:
I xy =
1
I x I y sin 2 + I xy cos 2
2
= 25.92 106 sin ( 60 ) + 138.24 106 cos ( 60 ) mm 4

= 139.64 106 mm 4
or I xy = 139.6 104 mm 4
From Problem 9.75
I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
( I x )1 =
where
and
( I x )2 = ( I x )3
1
(150 mm )(12 mm )3 = 21 600 mm 4
12
1
(12 mm )( 38 mm )3 + (12 mm )( 38 mm ) ( 25 mm )2
12
= 339 872 mm 4
Then
I x = 21 600 + 2 ( 339 872 ) mm 4 = 701 344 mm 4 = 0.70134 106 mm 4
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
Also
where
and
( I y )1 = 121 (12 mm )(150 mm )3 = 3.375 106 mm 4

( I y )2 = ( I y )3 = 121 ( 38 mm )(12 mm )3 + (12 mm )( 38 mm ) ( 69 mm )2
= 2.1765 106 mm 4
Then
I y = ( 3.375 + 2 ( 2.1765 ) 106 mm 4 = 7.728 106 mm 4
Now
1
I x + I y = 4.2146 106 mm 4
2
and
1
I x I y = 3.5133 106 mm 4
2
(
(
Using Equations 9.18, 9.19, and 9.20

From Equation 9.18:
I x =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
cos 2 I xy sin 2
= 4.2147 106 + 3.5133 106 cos (120 ) 1.5732 106 sin (120 ) mm 4
= 4.6089 106 mm 4
or I x = 4.61 106 mm 4
From Equation 9.19:
I y =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
2
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
= 4.2147 106 3.5133 106 cos (120 ) + 1.5732 106 sin (120 ) mm 4
= 3.8205 106 mm 4
or I y = 3.82 106 mm 4
From Equation 9.20:
I xy =
Ix I y
2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
= 3.5133 106 sin (120 ) + 1.5732 106 cos (120 ) mm 4

= 3.8292 106 mm 4
or I xy = 3.83 106 mm 4
From Problem 9.74
I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
From Figure 9.13
I x = 0.166 106 mm 4
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4
1
I x + I y = 0.3095 106 mm 4
2
Now
1
I x I y = 0.1435 106 mm 4
2
Using Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20)

Equation (9.18):
I x =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
2
cos 2 I xy sin 2
= 0.3095 106 + 0.1435 106 cos ( 90 ) 0.1596 106 sin ( 90 ) mm 4
= 0.1499 106 mm 4
or I x = 0.1499 106 mm 4
Equation (9.19):
I y =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
= 0.3095 106 0.1435 106 cos ( 90 ) + 0.1596 106 sin ( 90 ) mm 4
= 0.4691 106 mm 4
or I y = 0.469 106 mm 4
Equation (9.20):
I xy =
Ix I y
2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
= 0.1435 106 sin ( 90 ) + 0.1596 106 cos ( 90 ) mm 4

= 0.1435 106 mm 4
or I xy = 0.1435 106 mm 4
From Problem 9.78
I xy = 2.8125 in 4
From Figure 9.13
I x = 9.45 in 4 ,
I y = 2.58 in 4
1
I x + I y = 6.015 in 4
2
Now
1
I x I y = 3.435 in 4
2
Using Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20)

Equation (9.18):
Ix + I y
I x =
Ix I y
2
cos 2 I xy sin 2
= 6.015 + 3.435cos ( 60 ) 2.8125sin ( 60 ) in 4 = 5.2968 in 4

or I x = 5.30 in 4
Equation (9.19):
I y =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
2
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
= 6.015 3.435cos ( 60 ) + 2.8125sin ( 60 ) in 4 = 6.7332 in 4

or I y = 6.73 in 4
Equation (9.20):
I xy =
Ix I y
2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
= 3.435sin ( 60 ) + 2.8125cos ( 60 ) in 4 = 4.3810 in 4
or I xy = 4.38 in 4
From Problem 9.79:
Ix =
tan 2 m =
=
Then
Iy =
I xy =
Problem 9.67:
Now, Equation (9.25):
a4
a4
1 4
a
2
2I xy
Ix I y
1
2 a4
2
a4
a4
8
= 0.84883
3
2 m = 40.326
and
220.326
or m = 20.2 and 110.2
Also, Equation (9.27):
I max, min =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y
2

+ I xy
2
1 4 4
a + a
2 8
2
2
1 4 4
1 4
a a + a
2
2
2 8
= ( 0.981748 0.772644 ) a 4
or I max = 1.754a 4
and I min = 0.209a 4
By inspection, the a axis corresponds to Imin and the b axis corresponds to
Imax.

From the solutions to Problem 9.72 and 9.80
1
I x + I y = 2812.21875 in 4
2
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
1
I x I y = 1946.53125 in 4
2
Then Equation (9.25):

or
tan 2 m =
2I xy
Ix I y
2 m = 14.4387
501.1875
= 0.257477
1946.53125
194.4387
and
or m = 7.22 and 97.2

Equation (9.27):
I max, min =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y

+ I xy2
2
= 2812.21875
( 1946.53125 )2 + ( 501.1875 )2
= ( 2812.21875 2010.0181) in 4
or I max = 4.82 103 in 4

and I min = 802 in 4
By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .

From Problems 9.73 and 9.81
I x = 51.84 106 mm 4
I y = 103.68 106 mm 4
I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
tan 2 m =
Equation (9.25):
2 I xy
Ix I y
2 138.24 106
6
51.84 10 103.68 106
= 1.69765
2 m = 59.500
and
239.500
or m = 29.7 and 119.7 !
Then
I max, min
Ix I y
1
2
=
Ix + I y
+ I xy
2
2
( 51.84 + 103.68) 106

2
( 51.84 103.68 ) 106

6
+ 138.24 10
2
= ( 244.29 160.44 ) 106 mm 4

or I max = 405 106 mm 4 !
and I min = 83.9 106 mm 4 !
Note: By inspection the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .

I x = 0.70134 106 mm 4
I y = 7.728 106 mm 4
I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
Then
1
I x + I y = 4.2147 106 mm 4
2
1
I x I y = 3.5133 106 mm 4
2
Equation (9.25):
tan 2 =
2I xy
Ix I y
2 1.5732 106
6
0.70134 10 7.728 106
= 0.44778
Then
2 m = 24.12
204.12
and
or m = 12.06 and 102.1

I max, min =
Ix + I y
2
Ix I y 2
I

2 xy
= 4.2147 106
( 3.5133 10 ) + (1.5732 10 )
6
= ( 4.2147 3.8494 ) 106 mm 4
or I max = 8.06 106 mm 4

and I min = 0.365 106 mm 4

I x = 0.166 106 mm 4
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4
I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
1
I x + I y = 0.3095 106 mm 4
2
Then
1
I x I y = 0.1435 106 mm 4
2
Equation (9.25):
tan 2 m =
2 I xy
Ix I y
( 0.166 0.453) 106
2 m = 48.041
Then
2 0.1596 106
and
= 1.1122
131.96
m = 24.0 and 66.0 !
or
I max, min
( Ix + I y )
=
2
Ix I y
2
+ I xy
2
= 0.3095 106
( 0.1435 10 ) + ( 0.1596 10 )
6
= ( 0.3095 0.21463) 106 mm 4

or
I max = 0.524 106 mm 4 !

I min = 0.0949 106 mm 4 !

I xy = 2.81 in 4
I x = 9.45 in 4
I y = 2.58 in 4
1
I x + I y = 6.015 in 4
2
Then
1
I x I y = 3.435 in 4
2
Equation (9.25):
tan 2 m =
2 I xy
Ix I y
2 m = 39.2849
Then
and
2 ( 2.81)
9.45 2.58
= 0.8180
140.7151
or m = 19.64 and 70.36 !
I max, min
( Ix + I y )
=
2
Ix I y
2
+ I xy
2
= 6.015 3.4352 2.812

= ( 6.015 4.438 ) in 4
or I max = 10.45 in 4 !
and I min = 1.577 in 4 !
Note: By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .
Ix =
From Problem 9.79:
Iy =
a4
1 4
a
2
I xy =
Problem 9.67:
a4
The Mohrs circle is defined by the diameter XY, where
X a4, a4
8
2
Now
I ave =
1
1
5
I x + I y = a 4 + a 4 = a 4 = 0.98175a 4
2
2 8
2 16
and
R=
Y a4 , a4
2
2
and
Ix I y
2
+ I xy =
2
1 4 4
1 4
a a + a
2
2
2 8
= 0.77264a 4
The Mohrs circle is then drawn as shown.
tan 2 m =
2I xy
Ix I y
1
2 a4
2
a4
a4
= 0.84883
or
2 m = 40.326
continued
Then
= 90 40.326
= 49.674
= 180 ( 40.326 + 60 )
= 79.674
(a)
I x = I ave R cos = 0.98175a 4 0.77264a 4 cos 49.674

or I x = 0.482a 4
I y = I ave + R cos = 0.98175a 4 + 0.77264a 4 cos 49.674
or I y = 1.482a 4
I xy = R sin = 0.77264a 4 sin 49.674
or I xy = 0.589a 4
(b)
I x = I ave + R cos = 0.98175a 4 + 0.77264a 4 cos 79.674

or I x = 1.120a 4
I y = I ave R cos = 0.98175a 4 0.77264a 4 cos 79.674
or I y = 0.843a 4
I xy = R sin = 0.77264a 4 sin 79.674
or I xy = 0.760a 4
From the solution to

Problem 9.72:
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
Problem 9.80:
I x = 865.6875 in 4
I y = 4758.75 in 4
1
I x + I y = 2812.21875 in 4
2
Now
1
I x I y = 1946.53125 in 4
2
The Mohrs circle is defined by the points X and Y where
( I x , I xy )
X:
I ave =
Now
R=
( I y , I xy )
1
I x + I y = 2812.2 in 4
2
and
Y:
Ix I y
2
+ I xy =
2
( 1946.53125)2 + 501.18752
in 4
= 2010.0 in 4
Also,
tan 2 m =
I xy
Ix I y
501.1875
= 0.2575
1946.53125
2
or
2 m = 14.4387
Then
= 180 (14.4387 + 90 ) = 75.561
Then
I x , I y = I ave R cos = 2812.2 2010.0cos 75.561
or I x = 3.31 103 in 4
and I y = 2.31 103 in 4
and
I xy = R sin = 2010.0sin 75.561
or I xy = 1.947 103 in 4
I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
I x = 51.84 106 mm 4
= 162.86 106 mm 4
I y = 103.68 106 mm 4
= 325.72 106 mm 4
I ave =
Now
1
Ix + I y
2
= 244.29 106 mm 4
2
R=
Ix I y
2
+ I xy
2
= 160.4405 106 mm 4
2 m = 59.5
From Problem 9.87

Then
Then
= 180 60 2 m = 60.5
I x = I ave + R cos = ( 244.29 + 160.4405cos 60.5 ) 106
= 323.29 106 mm 4
or I x = 323 106 mm 4
I y = I ave R cos = ( 244.24 160.4405cos 60.5 ) 106
= 165.29 106 mm 4
or I y = 165.3 106 mm 4
I xy = R sin = 160.44 106 sin 60.5 = 139.6 106 mm 4
I x = 0.70134 106 mm 4
I y = 7.728 106 mm 4
I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
Now
I ave =
1
I x + I y = 4.2147 106 mm 4
2
and
Then
and
Then
R=
Ix I y
2
6
4
+ I xy = 3.8494 10 mm
2
2 (1.5732 )
2 m = tan 1
= 24.12
0.70134 7.728
= 120 24.12 90 = 5.88

I x = I ave + R sin = ( 4.2147 + 3.8494sin 5.88 ) 106 mm 4
= 4.6091 106 mm 4
or I x = 4.61 106 mm 4
I y = I ave R sin = ( 4.2147 3.8494sin 5.88 ) 106 mm 4

= 3.8203 106 mm 4
or I y = 3.82 106 mm 4
I xy = R cos = 3.8494cos 5.88 = 3.8291 106 mm 4

or I xy = 3.83 106 mm 4
I x = 0.166 106 mm 4
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4
I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
Now
I ave =
1
I x + I y = 0.3095 106 mm 4
2
and
R=
Ix I y
2
+ I xy
2
= 0.21463 106 mm 4
Then
and
2 ( 0.1596 )
2 m = tan 1
= 48.04
0.166 0.453
+ 90 2 = 90; = 2 m
Then
I x = I ave R sin = ( 0.3095 0.21463sin 48.04 ) 106 mm 4

= 0.14989 106 mm 4
or I x = 0.1499 106 mm 4
and
I y = I ave + R sin = ( 0.3095 + 0.21463sin 48.04 ) 106 mm 4

= 0.46910 106 mm 4
or I y = 0.4690 106 mm 4
and
I xy = R cos = 0.21463cos 48.04 = 0.1435 106 mm 4

or I xy = 0.1435 106 mm 4

I x = 9.45 in 4
Have
I y = 2.58 in 4
I xy = 2.8125 in 4
From Problem 9.78
I ave =
Now
2
R=
and
Ix I y
+ I xy
2
( )
Ix + I y
2
= 6.015 in 4
= 4.43952 in 4
Then
2 ( 2.8125 )
2 m = tan 1
= 39.31
9.45 2.58
2 m + 60 + = 180,
Then
= 80.69
I x = I ave R cos = 6.015 in 4 ( 4.43952 in 4 ) cos80.69

= 5.29679 in 4
or I x = 5.30 in 4
I y = I ave + R cos = 6.015 in 4 + ( 4.43952 in 4 ) cos80.69
= 6.73321 in 4
or I y = 6.73 in 4
I xy = R sin = ( 4.43952 in 4 ) sin 80.69 = 4.38104 in 4
or I xy = 4.38 in 4
From Problem 9.79:
Ix =
Problem 9.67:
I xy =
a4
Iy =
a4
1 4
a
2
The Mohrs circle is defined by the diameter XY, where
X a4, a4
2
8
I ave =
Now
Y a4 , a4
2
2
and
1
1

I x + I y = a 4 + a 4 = 0.98175a 4
2
2 8
2
and
R=
2
2 I x I y + I xy =
1 4 4
1 4
a a + a
2
2
2 8
= 0.77264a 4
The Mohrs circle is then drawn as shown.
tan 2 m =
2I xy
Ix I y
1
2 a4
2
a4
a4
= 0.84883
2 m = 40.326
or
m = 20.2
and
The principal axes are obtained by rotating the xy axes through

20.2 counterclockwise
Now
I max, min = I ave R = 0.98175a 4 0.77264a 4
or I max = 1.754a 4
and I min = 0.209a 4
From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I min and
the b axis corresponds to I max .
From the solution to Problem 9.72:
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
I x = 865.6875 in 4
I y = 4758.75 in 4
1
I x + I y = 2812.21875 in 4
2
1
I x I y = 1946.53125 in 4
2
X:
The Mohrs circle is defined by the point
I ave =
Now
2
and
R=
Ix I y
2
+ I xy =
2
( I x , I xy ) ,
Y:
( I y,
I xy
1
I x + I y = 2812.2 in 4
2
( 1946.53125 )2 + 501.18752
= 2010.0 in 4
continued
tan 2 m =
I xy
Ix I y
501.1875
= 0.2575,
1946.53125
2 m = 14.4387
or m = 7.22 counterclockwise
Then
I max, min = I ave R = ( 2812.2 2010.0 ) in 4

or I max = 4.82 103 in 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .
I xy = 567 in 4

Now
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3 , where
( I x ) 2 = ( I x )3
1
12
(15 in.)4 2 ( 9 in.)( 6 in.)3 = ( 39761 324 ) in 4
= 39, 437 in 4
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3 ,
Iy = Iy
and
where
( I y )2 = ( I y )3
1
36
1
2
(15 in.)4 2 ( 6 in.)( 9 in.)3 + ( 9 in.)( 6 in.)( 6 in.)2
= ( 39, 761 243 1944 ) in 4 = 37,574 in 4

The Mohrs circle is defined by the point (X, Y) where
X:
I ave =
Now
( I x , I xy )
R=
( I y , I xy )
1
1
I x + I y = ( 39, 437 + 37,574 ) in 4 = 38,506 in 4
2
2
and
Y:
Ix I y
2
+ I xy =
2
2
4
2 ( 39, 437 37,574 ) + 567 = 1090.5 in
continued
tan 2 m =
I xy
Ix I y
2
567
= 0.6087
1
( 39, 437 37,574 )
2
or m = 15.66 clockwise
Then
I max, min = I ave R = ( 38,506 1090.50 ) in 4
or I max = 39.6 103 in 4

and I min = 37.4 103 in 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to the I max and the b axis corresponds to
I min .
I x = 162.86 106 mm 4
I y = 325.72 106 mm 4
I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
X (162.86,138.24 ) 106 mm 4
Define points
I ave =
Now
Y ( 325.72, 138.24 ) 106 mm 4
1
1
I x + I y = (162.86 + 325.72 ) 106 mm 4
2
2
= 244.29 106 mm 4
2
and
R=
Ix I y
2
+ I xy =
2
(162.86 325.72 )
106 + 138.24 106
= 160.44 106 mm 4
and
2 (138.24 ) 106
2 m = tan 1
= 59.4999
6
(162.86 325.72 ) 10
Then
I max, min = I ave R = 244.29 106 160.44 106 mm 4
or I max = 405 106 mm 4

and I min = 83.9 106 mm 4
I x = 0.166 106 mm 4 ,
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4 ,
X ( 0.166, 0.1596 ) 106 mm 4
Define points
I ave =
Now
and
I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
Y ( 0.453, 0.1596 ) 106 mm 4
1
1
I x + I y = ( 0.166 + 0.453) 106 mm 4
2
2
= 0.3095 106 mm 4
2
and
R=
Ix I y
2
+ I xy =
2
( 0.166 0.453) 106

6
+ 0.1596 10
2
= 0.21463 106 mm 4
Also
2I xy
2 m = tan 1
Ix I y
2 ( 0.1596 )
= tan 1
= 48.04
0.166 0.453
m = 24.02
or = 24.0 clockwise
Then
I max,
min
= I ave R = ( 0.3095 0.21463) 106 mm 4
or I max = 0.524 106 mm 4

and I min = 0.0949 106 mm 4
I x = 0.70134 106 mm 4 ,
Now
I ave =
I y = 7.728 106 mm 4 ,
1
1
I x + I y = ( 0.70134 + 7.728 ) 106 mm 4 = 4.2147 106 mm 4
2
2
and
R=
I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
Ix I y
2
+ I xy =
2
( 0.70134 7.728 ) 106

6
+ 1.5732 10
2
= 3.8495 106 mm 4
Define points
X ( 0.70134, 15732 ) 106 mm

Y ( 7.728, 1.5732 ) 106 mm
Also
2 (1.5732 )
2 m = tan 1
= 24.122, m = 12.06
0.70134 7.728
Then
I max,
min
= I ave R = ( 4.2147 3.8495 ) 106 mm 4
or I max = 8.06 106 mm 4

and I min = 0.365 106 mm 4

I xy = 300 103 mm 4
Now
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
3
3
2
1
1
= (120 mm )( 80 mm ) 2 ( 50 mm )( 20 mm ) + 1000 mm 2 (10 mm )
12
12
= 5.120 106 2 33.333 103 + 100 103 mm 4
= 4.8533 106 mm 4
and
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
3
3
2
1
1
= ( 80 mm )(120 mm ) 2 ( 20 mm )( 50 mm ) + 1000 mm 2 (15 mm )
12
12
= 11.520 106 2 208.33 103 + 225 103 mm 4
= 10.6533 106 mm 4
x I x , I xy
y I y , I xy
Center:
1
Ix + I y
2
1
= ( 4.8533 + 10.6533) 106 mm 4
2
I ave =
= 7.7533 106 mm 4
2
Radius:
Ix I y
R=
+ I xy2
2
2
1
= 106 ( 4.8533 10.6533) + ( 0.300 ) mm

2
= 2.9155 106 mm
continued
From Prob. 9.43 and 9.77
I y = 4581.0 in 4
I x = 2703.7 in 4
Define Points:
x ( 2703.7, 1635.18 ) in 4 y ( 4581.0, 1635.18 ) in 4
Then
I ave =
I xy = 1635.18 in 4
1
1
I x + I y = ( 2703.7 + 4581.0 ) in 4 = 3642.4 in 4
2
2
2
Ix I y
2
2703.7 4581.0
4
+ I xy2 =
R=
+ ( 1635.18 ) = 1885.44 in
2
2
tan 2 m =
2I xy
Ix I y
2 ( 1635.18 )
= 1.74206
2703.7 4581.0
m = 30.1
I max,min = I ave R = ( 3642.4 1885.44 ) in 4
I max = 5530 in 4
I min = 1757 in 4
I x = 0.166 106 mm 4 , I y = 0.453 106 mm 4 and I xy < 0
Given:
Note: A review of a table of rolled-steel shapes reveals that the given values of I x and I y are obtained when
the 102 mm leg of the angle is parallel to the x axis. For I xy < 0 the angle must be oriented as shown.
(a) Now
I ave =
1
1
I x + I y = ( 0.166 + 0.453) 106 mm 4
2
2
= 0.3095 106 mm 4
I min = I ave R
Now
R = I ave I min
or
R = ( 0.3095 0.051) 106 mm 4
Then
= 0.2585 106 mm 4
2
Ix I y
R =
+ I xy
2
From
I xy =
( )
2
0.166 0.453
6
4
( 0.2585 )
10 mm
2
I xy = 0.21501 106 mm 4
Since
(b)
I xy < 0,
I xy = 0.21501 106 mm 4
or I xy = 0.215 106 mm 4
2 ( 0.21501)
2 m = tan 1
= 56.28
0.166 0.453
(c)
I max = I ave + R = ( 0.3095 + 0.2585 ) 106 mm 4
or I max = 0.568 106 mm 4

I x = 9.45 in 4
From Figure 9.13
I y = 2.58 in 4
I xy = 2.81 in 4
From Problem 9.78
The Mohrs circle is defined by the diameter XY where
X ( 9.45, 2.81) in 4
Y ( 2.58, 2.81) in 4
Now
I ave =
1
1
Ix + I y =
9.45 in 4 + 2.58 in 4
2
2
= 6.015 in 4
and
R=
=
1
4
4
4
2 9.45 in 2.58 in + 2.81 in
= 4.438 in 4
tan 2 m =
2
2 I x I y + I xy
2I xy
Ix I y
2 2.81 in 4
4
9.45 in 2.58 in 4
= 0.81805
2 m = 32.285
or
Now
I max, min = I ave R = ( 6.015 4.438 ) in 4
or I max = 10.45 in 4
and I min = 1.577 in 4
From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I max and
the b axis corresponds to I min .
I x = 7.20 106 mm 4 ,
From Figure 9.13B:
( )1 + ( I xy )2 ,
I xy = I xy
Have
x1 =
Now
where
102
25.3 = 25.7 mm,
2
I y = 2.64 106 mm 4
I xy = I xy + x yA
y1 = 50.3
and
I xy = 0
12.7
= 43.95 mm
2
A1 = 102 12.7 = 1295.4 mm 2

x2 = 25.3 +
12.7
= 18.95 mm
2
y2 = (152 12.7 ) ( 50.3 12.7 ) = 32.05 mm

2
A2 = (12.7 )(152 12.7 ) = 1769.11 mm 2

Then
)}
I xy = ( 25.7 mm )( 43.95 mm ) 1295.4 mm 2 + ( 18.95 mm )( 32.05 mm ) 1769.11 mm 2 106
= (1.46317 + 1.07446 ) 106 mm 4 = 2.5376 106 mm 4
The Mohrs circle is defined by points X and Y, where
) (
X I x , I xy , Y I y , I xy
Now
I ave =
1
1
I x + I y = ( 7.20 + 2.64 ) 106 mm 4 = 4.92 106 mm 4
2
2
continued
and
R=
2
2
Ix I y
1
2
2
6
4
+ I xy = ( 7.20 2.64 ) + 2.5376 10 mm
2
2
= 3.4114 106 mm 4
tan m =
2I xy
Ix I y
2 ( 2.5376 )
= 1.11298,
( 7.20 2.64 )
2 = 48.0607
= 24.0 clockwise
or
Now
I max, min = I ave R = ( 4.92 3.4114 ) 106 mm 4
or
and
I max = 8.33 106 mm 4

I min = 1.509 106 mm 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .

I ave =
Have
1
1
Ix + I y =
640 in 4 + 280 in 4 = 460 in 4
2
2
1
1
Ix I y =
640 in 4 280 in 4 = 180 in 4
2
2
I xy = 180 in 4 ,
Also have
Letting the points
( I x , I xy ) and ( I x, I xy )
2 = 120,
Ix > I y
be denoted by X an X , respectively, three possible Mohrs
circles can be constructed
Assume the first case applies

Then
Also
Ix I y
2
= R cos 2 m
I xy = R cos
R cos 2 m = 180 in 4
or
or
R cos = 180 in 4
= 2 m
120 = 2 m + ( 90 )
Also have
= 2 m
Note
and
2 ( 2 m ) = 30
2 m = 30
or
or
2 m = = 15
2 m > 0
implies case 2 applies
< 0
continued
(a) Therefore,
(b)
Have
Then
m = 7.5 clockwise
R cos15 = 180
or
R = 186.35 in 4
I max, min = I ave R = 460 186.350

or
I max = 646 in 4
and
I min = 274 in 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .
First assume
Ix > I y
( )max is
(Note: Assuming I x < I y is not consistent with the requirement that the axis corresponding to the I xy
obtained by rotating the x axis through 67.5 counterclockwise)
2 m = 2 ( 67.5 ) 90 = 45
From Mohrs circle have

(a)
tan 2 m =
From
Have I x = I y + 2
I xy
tan 2 m
= 300 in 4 + 2
2 I xy
Ix I y
125 in 4
= 550 in 4
tan 45
or I x = 550 in 4
(b) Now
and
Then
I ave =
R=
1
550 + 300 4
Ix + I y =
in = 425 in 4
2
2
I xy
sin 2 m
125 in 4
= 176.78 in 4
sin 45
I max, min = I ave R = ( 425 176.76 ) in 4

= ( 601.78, 248.22 ) in 4
or I max = 602 in 4
Consider the regular pentagon shown, with centroidal axes x and y.

Because the y axis is an axis of symmetry, it follows that I xy = 0. Since
I xy = 0,
the x and y axes must be principal axes. Assuming
I x = I max and I y = I min , the Mohrs circle is then drawn as shown.

Now rotate the coordinate axes through an angle as shown; the
resulting moments of inertia, I x and I y , and product of inertia, I xy , are
indicated on the Mohrs circle. However, the x axis is an axis of
symmetry, which implies I xy = 0. For this to be possible on the Mohrs
circle, the radius R must be equal to zero (thus, the circle degenerates into
a point). With R = 0, it immediately follows that
(a)
I x = I y = I x = I y = I ave (for all moments of

inertia with respect to an axis through C)
(b)
I xy = I xy = 0 (for all products of inertia with respect to

all pairs of rectangular axes with origin at C)
First observe that for a given area A and origin O of a rectangular

coordinate system, the values of I ave and R are the same for all
orientations of the coordinate axes. Shown below is a Mohrs circle, with
the moments of inertia, I x and I y , and the product of inertia. I xy ,
having been computed for an arbitrary orientation of the xy axes.
From the Mohrs circle
I x = I ave + R cos 2
I y = I ave R cos 2
I xy = R sin 2
I x I y I x2y
Then, forming the expression
I x I y I x2y = ( I ave + R cos 2 )( I ave R cos 2 ) ( R sin 2 )
) (
2
= I ave
R 2 cos 2 2 R 2 sin 2 2
2
= I ave
R 2 which is a constant
I x I y I x2y is independent of the orientation of the coordinate axes

Q.E.D.
Shown is a Mohrs circle, with line OA, of length L, the required tangent.
Noting that
OAC is a right angle, it follows that

2
L2 = I ave
R2
or L2 = I x I y I x2y
Q.E.D.
From Problem 9.111 have, I x I y I xy = constant

Now consider the following two cases
Case 1:
I x = I x ,
I y = I y ,
Case 2:
I x = I max ,
I xy = I xy
I y = I min ,
2
I x I y I xy
= I max I min
Then
I xy = I x I y I max I min
or
From Figure 9.13B:
Now
I x = 453 103 mm 4
I ave =
Finally
I y = 166 103 mm 4
1
1
Ix + I y =
I max + I min
2
2
I max = 524 103 mm 4
With
then
I xy = 0
I min = ( 453 + 166 524 ) 103 mm 4 = 95.0 103 mm 4

I xy =
( 453)(166 ) ( 524 )( 95.0 ) 103 mm 4
= 159.43 103 mm 4
The two roots corresponding to the following orientations of the cross
section:
(a)
(a) I xy = 159.4 103 mm 4

(b) I xy = 159.4 103 mm 4
(b)
Mass = m = tA
I mass = tI area =
Area = A =
m
I area
A
1 2
a
2
I AA, area = I DD, area =

I AA, mass = I DD, mass =
(a)
I BB = I DD m ( AC ) =
1 4 1 4
a = a
2 4 8
m
m 1 4 1 2
I AA, area =
a = ma
1 2 8
A
4
a
2
1 2
4a
ma m
4
3
= ( 0.25 0.1801) ma 2
I BB = 0.0699 ma 2
(b) Eq. ( 9.38 ) :
I CC = I AA + I BB
1 2
ma + 0.0699ma 2
4
I CC = 0.320 ma 2

Mass = m = V = tA
I mass = tI area =
m
I area
A
Area = A = r22 r12 = r22 r12
I AA, area =
(a) I AA, mass =
r24
r14 =
m
m
4
1
I AA, area =
r r14 = m r22 + r12
2
2 4 2
4
A
r2 r1
(b) By Symmetry:
Eq. ( 9.38 ) :
(r
4
2
r14
)
I AA =
1
m r22 + r12
4
I CC =
1
m r22 + r12
2
I BB = I AA
I CC = I AA + I BB = 2 I AA
mass = m = V = tA
First note
= t
(r
2
2
r12
I mass = tI area
Also
I AA, area =
(a) Using Figure 9.12,

Then
I AA, mass =
m 2
r2 + r12
4
m 2 1
r2 + r2
4
2
r22
(r
16
r12
16
4
2
(r
4
2
r14
r14
m
r22 r12
m5
= r22
44
or I AA =
(b) Symmetry implies
Then,
5
mr22
16
I BB, mass = I AA, mass

I OO = I AA + I BB
= 2 mr22
16
5 2
mr2
8
continued
I area
Now locate centroid C.
X A = xA
or
4r 4r
X r22 r12 = 2 r22 1 r12

4 3 4 3 4
4
or
X =
Now
4 r23 r13
3 r22 r12
r = X 2
3
1
r3
r
4 2 2 2 2
14 2
=
=
r2
2
3 2 1
9
r2 r2
2
Finally
or
I OO = I CC + mr 2
14 2
5 2
mr2 = I CC + m
r2
8
9
or ICC = 0.1347mr22

Locate centroid:
y1 =
b
2
A1 = 3ab
y2 =
3
b
2
A2 = ab
y =
Then
yi Ai
i
b
3
( 3ab ) + b ( ab )
2
= 2
3ab + ab
Uniform thickness:
m is proportional to A
(a)
I AA = ( I AA )1 + ( I AA )2
3
b
4
m1 =
3
m
4
m2 =
1
m
4
1 3 2 3 b 2 1 1 2 1 3 2
= m b + m + m b + m b
4 2 12 4
4 2
12 4
3
1
9
3
= mb 2
+
+
+
48 16 48 16
I AA =
(b)
Have
or
5 2
mb
6
I AA = I x + my 2
Ix =
=
5 2
3
mb m b
6
4
13 2
mb
48
continued

Mass = m = V = tA
m
I mass = tI area = I area
A
1
A = bh
2
(a)
Axis AA:
Axis BB:
1 b 3
1 3
I AA, area = 2 h =
hb
12
2
48

m
m 1 3
1
I AA, mass = I AA, area =
hb =
mb 2
1
A
48
24
bh
2
1
mb 2
24
I BB =
1
mh 2
18
1 3
bh
36
m
m 1 3
1
= I BB, area =
bh =
mh 2
1
A
36
18
bh
2
I BB, area =
I BB, mass
(b)
I AA =
Axis CC:
Eq. (9.38):
I CC = I AA + I BB
1
1
=
mb 2 +
mh 2
24
18
I CC =
m
3b 2 + 4h 2
72

From Prob. 9.117:
1
I AA =
mb 2
24
1
I BB =
mh 2
18
Note that AA and BB are centroidal axes.

1
mb 2 + md 2
Hence I DD = I AA + md 2 =
24
I EE = I BB + md 2 =
m 2
b + 24d 2
24
I EE =
m 2
h + 18d 2
18
1
mh 2 + md 2
18
I DD =

mass = m = V = tA
First note
= t ( 2a )( a ) + ( 2a )( a )
2
= 3 ta 2
I mass = tI area
Also
m
I area
3a 2
I x, area = ( I x )1, area + ( I x )2, area
(a) Now
1
1
( 2a )( a )3 + ( 2a )( a )3
3
12
5 4
a
6
I x, mass =
Then
m
5
a4
2
6
3a
or I x, mass =
5
ma 2
18
(b) Have
I z, area = ( I z )1, area + ( I z )2, area

2
1
1
1
3
3
1

= ( a )( 2a ) + ( a )( 2a ) + ( 2a )( a ) 2a + 2a
2
3
3
36
= 10a 4
Then
I z, mass =
=
Finally,
m
10a 4
3a 2
10 2
ma
3
I y, mass = I x, mass + I z, mass
5
10 2
ma 2 +
ma
18
3
65 2
ma
18
or I y, mass = 3.61ma 2

First locate the centroid C
X 2a 2 + a 2 = a 2a 2 + 2a + 2a a 2
3
X A = xA:
( )
X =
or
Z A = zA:
14
a
9
1
1
Z 2a 2 + a 2 = a 2a 2 + a a 2
2
( )
Z =
or
(a) Have
( )
( )
4
a
9
I y, mass = I CC , mass + m X 2 + Z 2
I y, mass =
Then
I cc, mass =
65 2
ma
18
14 2 4 2
65 2
ma m a + a
18
9
9
or I cc = 0.994 ma 2
(b) Have
and
Then
( )
I x, mass = I BB, mass + m Z
I AA, mass = I BB, mass + m (1.5a )
I AA, mass = I x, mass
2
4
+ m (1.5a ) a
9
I x, mass =
Then
I AA, mass =
5
ma 2
18
2
5
2
4
ma 2 + m (1.5a ) a
18
9
or I AA = 2.33ma 2
b = ka 2
x = a, y = b:
At
y =
Then
or
k =
b 2
x
a2
b
a2
( )
dm = r 2 dx
Now
= 2 x 2 dx
a
Then
m =
b2 a 4
x dx
a4 0
a
1
b2
= 4 x5
5
a
0
=
Now
1
ab 2
5
or
5m
ab 2
2
2
1 b
1
b
d I x = r 2 dm = 2 x 2 2 x 2 dx
2 a
2
a
5m 1 b 2 4 b 2 4
5 b2 8
x
dx
=
m x dx
2 a9
ab 2 2 a 4
a4
a
Then..
5 b2 a
5 b2 1
I x = m 9 0 x8dx = m 9 x9
2 a
2 a
9 0
or I x =
5
mb 2
18

a = L
r1 = 2 r2
Now
m = V
or
Now
Have
Where
dm = dV
= r 2dx
2
2
= ( 2L )( 2r2 ) ( L )( r2 )
3
3
7
=
Lr22
3
3 m
=
7 Lr22
r r
r = 2 1 x + r1
L
x
= r2 2
L
dI z = dI z + x 2dm
1
= ( dm ) r 2 + x 2dm
4
dI z = r 4 + r 2 x 2 dx
4
4
2
1

x
x
= r2 2 + x 2 r2 2
L
L

4
Then
Iz =
4
3 m 2 L1 2
x
x x2
2
2
4
4
r
r
+
x
dx
2 0
2
7 Lr22
L
L L2
4
( )
5
3 m 1 2 1
x
4
x 4 1 x5
=
+
r2 ( L ) 2 + x3
7 L 4 5
L
3
L
5 L2
Iz =
m
93r22 + 32L2
140

3
2a = k ( 2a )
x = 2a
At
y=
Then
k =
1 3
x
4a 2
dm = r 2dx
Now
or
1
4a 2
)
2
6
1
= 2 x3 dx =
x dx
16a 4
4a
m=
Then
16a 4
or =
2a 6
a x dx
1
4
16a 7
2a
=
a

127
a3
( 2a )7 ( a )7 =
4
112
112a
112m
127a3
2
(a) Now
1 1
1
6
d I x = r 2 dm = 2 x3
x dx
4
2
2
4
a
16a
1 6 112m
7m
x6
x
dx =
x12dx
4
3
4
11
32a
127a
16a
4064a
Then
Ix =
=
2a
7m
7m 1 13
2a 12
x dx = 4064a11 13 x
4064a11 a
a
7m
57337 2
ma = 1.0853ma 2
( 2a )13 ( a )13 =
52832
52832a11
or I x = 1.085ma 2
continued
(b) Have
2
1 1
6
1
dI y = r 2 + x 2 dm = 2 x3 + x 2
x dx
4
4
16a
4 4a
1
112m 1 12
x + x8 dx
4
16a
127a3 64a 4
2a
7m 2a 1 12
7m 1
1
x + x8 dx =
x13 + x9
Then I y =
7 a
4
7
4
9 a
127a
127a 832a
64a
7m 1
1
1
1 9
13
9
13
2a ) + ( 2a )
a (a)
7
4(
4( )
9
9
127a 832a
832a
7m 8191 9 511 9
a +
a = 3.67211ma 2
7
832
9
127a
or I y = 3.67 ma 2
For the element shown:
ab
y y
dm = dV = a b dy = 2 y 2dy
h
h
h
dIx =
1 y
1 b 2 2 ab 2
1 ab3 4
y 2 y dy =
y dy
b dm =
2
12 h
12 h
12 h 4
h
Parallel-axis theorem
dI x = dI x + d 2dm
=
1 y
where d 2 = y 2 + b
2 h
1 ab3 4
1 y 2 ab
4 y dy + y 2 + b 2 2 2 y 2dy
12 h
4 h h
ab3
ab
=
+ 2 y 4dy
4
h
3 h
ab3
ab h
ab3h abh3
I x = dI x =
+ 2 0 y 4dy =
+
4
15
5
h
3 h
1
abh
3
For pyramid,
m = v =
Thus
1
b 2 3h 2
I x = abh
+
5
3
5
Ix =
1
m b 2 + 3h 2
5
For the element shown:
ab
y y
dm = b a dy = 2 y 2dy
h
h h
For thin plate:
dI y = dI x + dI z
2
1 y
1 y
1
2
2
2
b dm + a dm = 2 b + a y dm
3 h
3 h
3h
1
ab
ab 2
a 2 + b 2 y 2 2 y 2dy =
a + b 2 y 4dy
2
4
3h
h
3h
m = V =
I y = dI y =
For pyramid,
ab
3h
(a
+ b2
h
0
y 4dy =
ab
15
(a
+ b2 h
1
abh
3
1
1
I y = abh a 2 + b 2
3
5
Iy =
1
m a 2 + b2
5

r 2 = y 2 + z 2 = kx :
x = h,
At
Thus, r 2 =
r = a;
=
Now
So
dI y = dI y + x 2dm =
a2
a2
xdx
h
h
0 dm = h 0 xdx
1
a 2h
2
1 a2
1 2
r dm + x 2dm =
x + x 2 dm
4
4 h
a2 h 1 a2 2
x + x3 dx
h 4 h
a 2 1 a 2 h3 h 4
+
h 4 h 3
4
1
a 2h a 2 + 3h 2
12
1
m = a 2h
2
1
1
I y = a 2h a 2 + 3h 2
2
6
And
a2
h
2
a2
h
h 1 a
I y = 0 dI y = 0
x + x 2
xdx
h
4 h
Recall:
k=
a2
x
h
Have dm = r 2dx =
Then m =
a 2 = kh;
k y2 =
Iy
m
= a 2 + 3h 2
or
I y = m a 2 + 3h 2
or
ky =
(a
+ 3h 2
dy
=
dx
First note
dy
1+
dx
Then
2 2
2
x a 3 x 3
2 2
2
= 1 + x 3 a3 x3
1
3
a 3
=
x
dy
dm = mdL = m 1 + dx
dx
For the element shown
a 3
= m dx
x
1
Then
Now
1 2
3
3
m = dm = m 1 dx = ma 3 x 3 = ma
2
2

0
x3
1
3
2
2
3
a
a
2
3
3
I x = y dm = 0 a x m 1 dx
x3
0a
a3
2
1
4 1
2
5
a
= ma 3 0a 1 3a 3 x 3 + 3a 3 x x 3 dx
1
ma 3
2
4 4
2
8
3
9 3 3 3 3 2 3 3
2 3
a x a x + a x x
4
2
8
2
0
3 9 3 3 3
= ma3 + = ma3
2 4 2 8 8
1 2
ma
4
1
I y = ma 2
4
or I x =
Symmetry implies
continued
Alternative Solution
I y = x dm =
=
Also
1
ma 3
0a
1
5
a 3
3
x m 1 dx = m a 0 x dx
x3
a3
8
3
3
x 3 = ma3
8
8
0
1 2
ma
4
I z = x 2 + y 2 dm = I y + I x
or I z =
1 2
ma
2
For line BC
h
x+h
a
2
h
( a 2x )
a
1
m = V = t ah
2
Also
1
tah
2
2
(a) Have
dI x =
=
1 2
dm
3
dm = t dx
where
Then
1 2

dm + dm
12
2
a 1
I x = dI x = 2 02 2 ( t dx )
3
a h
2
t 02 ( a 2 x ) dx
3
a
2 h3 1 1
4
= t 3 ( a 2 x ) 2
0
3 a
4 2
=
=
1
h3
4
4
t 3 ( a a ) ( a )
12 a
1
tah3
12
or I x =
continued
1 2
mh
6
I = x 2dm
Now
and
I = x 2dm = 2 02 x 2 ( t dx )
a
h
= 2 t 02 x 2 ( a 2 x ) dx
a
h a
1 2
= 2 t x3 x 4
a 3
4 0
3
h a a
1a
= 2 t
a 3 2
4 2
=
(b) Have
1
1
ta3h =
ma 2
48
24
2
I y = ry2dm = x 2 + ( sin ) dm
= x 2dm + sin 2 2dm

Now
I x = 2dm I y = I + I x sin 2
1
1
ma 2 + mh 2 sin 2
24
6
or I y =
(c) Have
m 2
a + 4h 2 sin 2
24
I z = rz2dm = x 2 + y 2 dm
2
= x 2 + ( cos ) dm
= x 2dm + cos 2 2dm

= I + I x cos 2
=
1
1
ma 2 + mh 2 cos 2
24
6
or I z =
m 2
a + 4h 2 cos 2
24

Mass of cylindrical ring:
m = V
=
=
2
2
d 2 d1 t
g4
4

4 g
(d
2
2
d12 t
Now treat the wheel as a series of 4 concentric rings. (Note - the steel is treated as
a large ring minus two smaller rings.)
mwheel = mring
=
0.310 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s
+
0.284 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s 2
2
+
1.5 in. 0.7 2 0.52 in 2
0.284 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s 2
0.043 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s 2
1.5 in. 4.42 0.7 2 in 2
1.1
in. 42 1.22 in 2
2
1.5 in. 52 4.42 in 2
mwheel = 2.7221 103 + 196.072 103 110.945 103 + 8.8730 103

= 96.722 103
) lbfts
lb s 2
ft
continued
For a cylindrical ring:
( I AA )ring =
1 d2
1 d
m2 m1 1
2 2
2 2
1 t 2 2 1 t 2 2
d2 d2
d1 d1
8 4 g
8 4 g
t 4
d 2 d14
=
32 g
=
=
=
t
32 g
(d
2
2
)(
d12 d 22 + d12
1
mring d 22 + d12
8
Then:
I AA = ( I AA )ring
1ft
1
lb s 2
2
2
2
= 2.7221 103
0.7 + 0.5 in
8
ft
12 in.
1 ft
1
lb s 2
2
2
2
+ 196.072 103
4.4 + 0.7 in
8
ft
12 in.
2
1 ft
1
2
2
2
3 lb s
110.945
10
4 + 1.2 in
8
ft
12 in.
1 ft
1
lb s 2 2
2
2
+ 8.8730 103
5 + 4.4 in
8
ft
12 in.
= 1.74857 106 + 3.3785 103 1.67958 103 + 341.67 106 lb ft s 2

= 2.0423 103 lb ft s 2
I AA = 2.04 103 lb ft s 2
And
k AA =
I AA
m
2.04 103 lb ft s 2
96.722 103 lb s 2/ft
= 0.145311 ft
k AA = 1.744 in.
First note for the cylindrical ring shown that
m = V = t
(d
4
2
2
d12 =
t d 22 d12
and, using Figure 9.28, that

2
I AA
1 d
1 d
= m2 2 m1 1
2 2
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
t d 2 d 2 t d1 d1
8
4
4
1 4
4
t d 2 d1
8 4
1 2
2
2
2
t d 2 d1 d 2 + d1
8 4
1
m d12 + d 22
8
)(
Now treat the roller as three concentric rings and, working from the
bronze outward, have
Have
m=
{(8580 kg/m ) ( 0.0195 m ) ( 0.009 m )

3
2
( 0.006 m )
2
2
+ 2770 kg/m 3 ( 0.0165 m ) ( 0.012 m ) ( 0.009 m )
2
2
+ 1250 kg/m 3 ( 0.0165 m ) ( 0.027 m ) ( 0.012 m )
[7.52895 + 2.87942 + 12.06563] 103 kg

4
= 5.9132 103 kg + 2.26149 10 3 kg
=
+ 9.47632 103 kg
= 17.6510 103 kg
continued
And
I AA =
{(
1
2
2
5.9132 103 kg ( 0.006 ) + ( 0.009 ) m 2
8
2
2
+ 2.26149 103 kg ( 0.009 ) + ( 0.012 ) m 2
2
2
+ 9.47632 103 kg ( 0.012 ) + ( 0.027 ) m 2
1
( 691.844 + 508.835 + 8272.827 )109 kg m 2
8
= 1.18419 106 kg m 2
or I AA = 1.184 106 kg m 2
Now
2
k AA
=
I AA 1.18419 106 kg m 2
=
m
17.6510 103 kg
= 67.08902 106 m 2
k AA = 8.19079 103 m
or k AA = 8.19 mm

Consider shell to be formed by removing hemisphere of radius r
hemisphere of radius r + t.
For hemisphere:
from
I =
2 2
mr
5
m = V =
Area =
1
4 r 2 = 2 r 2
2
1 4 3 2
r = r 3
2 3
3
I =
Thus
2 2
4
3 2
r 5
r r =
53
15
For hemispherical shell:

I =
4
4
5
( r + t ) r 5 = r 5 + 5r 4t + 10r 3t 2 + ... r 5
15
15
Neglect terms with powers of t > 1,

I =
4
r 4t
3
Mass of shell:
I = 2 r 2t
m = V = tA = t 2 r 2 = 2 r 2t
) 23 r
2 2
mr
3
I =
2 2
mr
3
Radius of gyration:
k2 =
I
2
= r2
m 3
k = 0.816r

For solid cylinder:
I =
I =
1 2
ma
2
m = V = a 2h
1
a 4h
2
For ring:
I AA =
1
1
1
a24h a14h = h a24 a14
2
2
2
m = h a22 a12
(a) By parallel-axis theorem

I BB = I AA + ma12 =
1
h a24 a14 + h a22 a12 a12
2
I BB =
1
h a24 + 2a22a12 3a14
2
(b) For Maximum I BB :

dI BB 1
= h 4a22a1 12a13 = 0
da1
2
a1 = 0;
4 a22 3a12 = 0
a12 =
1 2
a2
3
a1 =
1
a2
3
(c) Maximum I BB :
I BB =
2
4
1
a
a
h a24 + 2a22 2 3 2
2
3
3
1
2
1
h a24 + a24 a24

2
3
3
1
4
h a24
2
3
I BB =
2
ha24
3
First note
and
Now
L
L 240
=
120
80
or
L = 720 mm
m = stV
2
1

m1 = st a12h1 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.120 m ) ( 0.720 m )
3
3
= 85.230 kg
3
2
2
m2 = st a23 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.090 m ) = 11.9855 kg
3
3
2
1

m3 = st a32h3 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.080 m ) ( 0.720 0.240 ) m
3
3
= 25.253 kg
Now
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
continued
( IGG )cup
( I AA )cup
(b) Have
or
= 0.01
5
5
mcup a 2 = 0.01mcup a 2 + 2la + l 2

12
3
Now let =
( From Part a )
a
l
Then
5 2 = 0.12 2 + 2 + 1
3
or
40 2 2 1 = 0
Then
or
= 0.1851
( 2 )2 4 ( 40 )( 1)
2 ( 40 )
and
= 0.1351
a
= 0.1851
l
Have
dB =
(a)
and
4
d A = ( 0.33333 d A ) ft
12
I AA = I GG + md A2
I BB = I GG + md B2
Then
I BB I AA = m d B2 d A2
2
= m ( 0.33333 d A ) d A2
= m ( 0.11111 0.66666d A )
Then
(1.26 0.6 ) 103 lb ft s 2

=
or
0.40 lb
( 0.11111 0.66666d A ) ft 2
32.2 ft/s 2
d A = 0.08697 ft
d A = 1.044 in.
or
I AA = I GG + md A2
(b)
or
I GG = 0.6 103 lb ft s 2
0.4 lb
2
0.08697 ft )
2(
32.2 ft /s
= 0.50604 103 lb ft s 2
Then
2
kGG
=
I GG
0.50604 103 lb ft s 2
=
0.4 lb
m
32.2 ft/s 2
= 0.04074 ft 2
kGG = 0.20183 ft = 2.4219 in.
or kGG = 2.42 in.
marm = Varm =
(a) First note
d 2l
dmcup = dVcup
and
= ( 2 a cos )( t )( ad )
mcup = dmcup = 02 2 a 2t cos d
Then
= 2 a 2t [sin ]02
= 2 a 2t
( I AA )anem. = ( I AA )cups + ( I AA )arms
Now
Using the parallel-axis theorem and assuming the arms are slender
rods, have
( I AA )anem.
2
= 3 ( I GG )cup + mcup d AG
+ 3 I arm + marm d AG
arm
2
5
2
a
= 3 mcup a 2 + mcup ( l + a ) +
2
12
2
1
l
+3 marml 2 + marm
2
2
= 3mcup a 2 + 2la + l 2 + marml 2

3
= 3 2 a 2t a 2 + 2la + l 2 + d 2l l 2
3
4
or
( I AA )anem
( )
5 a2
d 2l
a
= l 2 6a 2t 2 + 2 + 1 +
l
4
3 l
continued
First note
m1 = V1 = b 2 L
And
m2 = V2 = a 2 L
(a) Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem, have
I AA = ( I AA )1 ( I AA )2
2
1
a
2
2
= m1 b + b + m1
2
12
2
1
a
m2 a 2 + a 2 + m2
2
12
1
1
5
= b2 L b2 + a 2 a 2 L a 2
4
6
12
( 2b
12
+ 3b 2a 2 5a 4
dI AA
L
=
6b 2a 20a3 = 0
12
da
Then
a=0
or
3
10
a=b
and
d 2 I AA
L
1
6b 2 60a 2 = L b 2 10a 2
=
2
12
2
da
Also
and for
a=b
3 d 2 I AA
,
<0
10
da 2
a=b
3
10
Now, for
a = 0,
d 2 I AA
>0
da 2
( I AA )max
occurs when
a = 84
3
= 46.009 mm
10
or
a = 46.0 mm
continued
(b) From part (a)
( I AA )mass
2
4
3
3
2b + 3b b
=
5 b
10
10
12
49
49
4
Lb 4 =
2800 kg/m 3 ( 0.3 m )( 0.084 m )
240
240
= 8.5385 103 kg m 2
or
( I AA )mass
2
k AA
=
and
= 8.54 103 kg m 2
( I AA )mass
m
where
m = m1 m2 = L b a

3
7
2
= L b b
Lb 2
=
10
10
Then
2
k AA
49
Lb 4
7 2
7
240
b =
=
=
(84 mm )2 = 2058 mm 2
7
24
24
2
Lb
10
k AA = 45.3652 mm
or k AA = 45.4 mm

m = V
=
m1 =
Then:
tA
1 ft
490 lb/ft 3
0.08 in. ( 3.6 in.)(1.2 in.)
2
32.2 ft/s
12 in.
lb s 2
ft
= 3.0435 103
1 ft
490 lb/ft 3
1
m2 =
0.08 in. (1.8 in.)(1.2 in.)
2
2
32.2 ft/s
12 in.
lb s 2
ft
= 760.87 106
1 ft
490 lb/ft 3
2
0.08 in. (1.8 in.)
m3 =
2
2
32.2 ft/s
12 in.
= 3.5855 103
lb s 2
ft
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
Now
2
2
1
2 1 ft
3 lb s
I x = 3.0435 10
(1.2 in.)
ft
3
12 in.
2
2
2
1
6 lb s
6 lb s
2
2
2
2
2
2 1 ft
+ 760.87 10
1.8 + 1.2 in + 760.87 10
0.6 + 0.4 in
ft
ft
18
12 in.
2
2
2 1 ft
3 lb s 1
+ 3.5855 10
(1.8 in.)
ft 4
12 in.
) (
) (
= 10.1450 106 + 1.37379 106 + 2.7476 106 + 20.168 106 lb ft s 2
= 34.435 106 lb ft s 2
I x = 34.4 lb ft s 2
continued
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
2
1
lb s 2
2 1 ft
= 3.0435 103
3.6
in.
)
(
ft
3
12 in.
2
2
1
lb s 2
2
6 lb s
2
2
2 1 ft
+ 760.87 106
+
+
1.8
in.
760.87
10
1.8
0.6
in
)
(
ft
ft
18
12 in.
2
2
2
2 1 ft 2
16
2
2
3 lb s 1
3 lb s 4 1.8
+ 3.5855 10

(1.8 in.) + 3.5855 10

+ 1.8 in
ft 2 9 2
ft 3
12 in.
) (
) (
= 91.305 106 + 0.95109 106 + 19.0218 106 + 25.805 10 6 + 92.205 106 lb ft s 2
= 232 106 lb ft s 2
I y = 232 106 lb ft s 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3
2
1
lb s 2
2
2
2 1 ft
= 3.0435 103
+
3.6
1.2
in
ft
3
12 in.
2
2
1
lb s 2
2
6 lb s
2
2
2 1 ft
+ 760.87 106
+
+
1.2
in.
760.87
10
1.8
0.4
in
)
ft
ft
18
12 in.
2
2
1
lb s 2
2
2 1 ft
3 lb s
1.8
in.
3.5855
10
1.8
in.
+ 3.5855 103
+
)
)
(
(
ft
ft
4
12 in.
) (
) (
= 101.45 106 + 0.42271 106 + 17.9650 106 + 100.842 106 lb ft s 2
= 221 106 lb ft s 2
I z = 221 106 lb ft s 2
To the Instructor:
The following formulas for the mass moment of inertia of thin plates and a half cylindrical shell are derived at
this time for use in the solutions of Problems 9.1379.142.
Thin rectangular plate
( I x )m
( )m + md 2
= I x
=
b 2 h 2
1
m b 2 + h 2 + m +
12
2
2
1
m b2 + h2
3
( I y )m = ( I y )m + md 2
=
1
b
mb 2 + m
12
2
1 2
mb
3
( )m + md 2
I z = I z
1
h
=
mh 2 + m
12
2
=
1 2
mh
3
Thin triangular plate

Have
m = V = bht
2
1 3
bh
36
and
I z, area =
Then
I z, mass = tI z, area
= t
=
1 3
bh
36
1
mh 2
18
continued
I y, mass =
Similarly,
Now
1
mb 2
18
1
m b2 + h2
18
I x, mass = I y, mass + I z, mass =
Thin semicircular plate

Have
m = V = a 2t
2
And
I y, area = I z, area =
Then
a4
I y, mass = I z , mass = tI y, area
= t
a4
1 2
ma
4
Now
1 2
ma
2
Also
I x, mass = I x, mass + my 2
or
1
I x, mass = m
2
And
I z, mass = I z, mass + my 2
or
1
I z, mass = m
4
Thin quarter-circular plate
y = z =
Have
m = V = a 2t
4
and
I y, area = I z, area =
Then
I y, mass = I z, mass = tI y, area
16
a4
= t
=
4a
3
16
a4
1 2
ma
4
continued
1 2
ma
2
Now
Also
I x, mass = I x, mass + m y 2 + z 2
or
32 2
1
I x, mass = m
a
2
2 9
and
I y, mass = I y, mass + mz 2
or
16 2
1
I y, mass = m
a
2
4 9
First compute the mass of each component.

Have m = stV = st tA
m1 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.003 m )( 0.70 m )( 0.780 m ) = 12.858 kg

2
m2 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.003 m ) ( 0.39 m ) = 5.6265 kg
2
m3 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.003 m ) ( 0.780 m )( 0.3 m ) = 2.7554 kg

2

Using Fig. 9.28 for component
and the equations derived above for components
and
have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
2
1
2
0.78 2
= (12.858 kg ) ( 0.78 ) +
m
2
12
2
1
16
2 4 0.39
2 2
0.39
+ ( 5.6265 kg )
+
)
+ ( 0.39 ) m
2 (
3

2 9
0.78 2 0.30 2 2
2
2
1
+ ( 2.7554 kg ) ( 0.78 ) + ( 0.30 ) +
+
m
3
18
3
= ( 2.6076 + 1.2836 + 0.3207 ) kg m 2

= 4.2119 kg m 2
or I x = 4.21 kg m 2
continued
And
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
1
2
2
2
2
1
= (12.858 kg ) ( 0.7 ) + ( 0.78 ) + ( 0.7 ) + ( 0.78) m 2
4
12
2
2
1
+ ( 5.6265 kg ) ( 0.39 ) + ( 0.39 ) m 2
4
2
1
2
2
0.78 4
+ ( 2.7554 kg ) ( 0.78 ) + ( 0.7 ) +
m
18
3
= ( 4.7077 + 1.0697 + 1.6295 ) kg m 2

= 7.4069 kg m 2
or I y = 7.41 kg m 2
And
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3
1
2 1
= (12.858 kg ) ( 0.7 )
+ m 2
12 4
2
1
+ ( 5.6265 kg ) ( 0.39 ) m 2
4
2
1
2
2
0.30 2
+ ( 2.7554 kg ) ( 0.3) + ( 0.70 ) +
m
18
3
= ( 2.1001 + 0.21395 + 1.39145 ) kg m 2 = 3.7055 kg m 2
or I z = 3.71 kg m 2

t = 2 mm
= 7850 kg/m3
Part
m1 = V = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.08 m )( 0.1 m )( 0.002 m ) = 0.1256 kg
I x = I x + md 2 =
1
( 0.1256 kg )( 0.08 m )2 + ( 0.1256 kg ) ( 0.1 m )2 + ( 0.04 m )2
12
= 66.99 106 + 1.457 103 kg m 2 = 1.524 10 3 kg m 2
I y = I y + md 2 =
1
( 0.1256 kg )( 0.1 m )2 + ( 0.1256 kg ) ( 0.05 m )2 + ( 0.1 m )2
12
= 0.1047 103 + 1.57 103 kg m 2 = 1.675 103 kg m 2

I z = I z + md 2 =
1
( 0.1256 kg ) ( 0.1 m )2 + ( 0.08 m )2 + ( 0.1256 kg ) ( 0.05 m )2 + ( 0.04 m )2
12
(
)
= V = ( 7850 kg/m ) ( 0.2 m )( 0.2 m )( 0.002 m ) = 0.628 kg
= 0.1717 103 + 0.515 103 kg m 2 = 0.687 103 kg m 2
Part
Ix =
m2
1
1
ma 2 =
( 0.628 kg )( 0.2 m )2 = 2.093 103 kg m 2
12
12
continued
Part
Iy =
1
1
m a2 + b2 =
( 0.628 kg ) ( 0.2 m )2 + ( 0.2 m )2 = 4.187 103 kg m 2
12
12
Iz =
1
1
mb 2 =
( 0.628 kg )( 0.2 m )2 = 2.093 103 kg m 2
12
12
: Same values as Part
Total mass moment of inertia:
I x = 2 1.524 103 kg m 2 + 2.093 103 kg m 2
I y = 2 1.675 103 kg m 2 + 4.187 103 kg m 2

I z = 2 0.687 103 kg m 2 + 2.093 103 kg m 2
I x = 5.14 103 kg m 2
I y = 7.54 103 kg m 2
I z = 3.47 103 kg m 2
First compute the mass of each component
m = V = At
Have
Now
(
)
= ( 7530 kg/m ) ( 0.002 m )( 0.045 m )( 0.020 m ) = 0.013554 kg
m1 = 7530 kg/m 3 ( 0.002 m )( 0.045 m )( 0.070 m ) = 0.047439 kg

m2
m3 = 7530 kg/m 3 ( 0.002 m )

Using Fig. 9.28 for components
and
1
( 0.04 m )( 0.095 m ) = 0.028614 kg
2
, have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
2
2
2
2
1
1
= ( 0.047439 kg ) ( 0.07 ) m 2 + ( 0.013554 kg ) ( 0.020 ) + ( 0.07 ) + ( 0.01) m 2
12
1
2
2
2
2
1
+ ( 0.028614 kg ) ( 0.095 ) + ( 0.04 ) + ( 2 0.095) + ( 0.040 ) m 2
9
18
= ( 0.077484 + 0.068222 + 0.136751) 103 kg m 2 = 0.282457 103 kg m 2

or I x = 0.2825 103 kg m 2
continued
continued
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
2
2
2 1
1
= ( 0.047439 kg ) ( 0.045 ) m 2 + ( 0.013554 kg ) ( 0.045 ) + ( 0.02 ) m 2
3
3
1
2
2
2
1
+ ( 0.028614 kg ) ( 0.04 ) + ( 0.045 ) + ( 0.04 ) m 2
9
18
= ( 0.03202 + 0.010956 + 0.065574 ) 103 kg m 2 = 0.10855 103 kg m 2

or I y = 0.1086 103 kg m 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3
2
2 1
21
2
= ( 0.047439 kg ) ( 0.045 ) + ( 0.070 ) m 2 + ( 0.013554 kg ) ( 0.045 ) + ( 0.070 ) m 2
3
3

2
1
2
2

+ ( 0.028614 kg ) ( 0.095 ) + 0.0452 + 0.095 m 2
3

18
= ( 0.0109505 + 0.075564 + 0.187064 ) 103 kg m 3

= 0.37213 103 kg m 2
or I z = 0.372 103 kg m 2

t = 0.1 in.
st = 490 lb/ft 3
Have m = stV =
m=
st
g
tA
490 lb/ft 3 0.1
ft A
32.2 ft/s 2 12
lb s 2 2
= 0.126812
ft A
ft
lb s 2 2 16 12 2
lb s 2
m1 = 0.126812
ft ft = 0.169083
ft
ft
12 12
Then
lb s 2 2 16 9 2
lb s 2
m2 = 0.126812
ft ft = 0.126812
ft
ft
12 12
lb s 2 2 1 12 9 2
lb s 2
m3 = 0.126812
ft
ft = 0.047555
ft
ft
2 12 12
2
lb s 2 2 5 2
lb s 2
m4 = 0.126812
ft ft = 0.034583
ft
ft
2 12

have
and
and the equations derived previously for components
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 ( I x )4
Where
( I x )1
1
lb s 2 12
2
= 0.169083
ft = 0.056361 lb ft s
3
ft 12
( I x )2
( I x )3
2
2
2
2
lb s 2 1 12
9 4
3 2
= 0.047555
+ + + ft
ft 18 12
12 12
12
1
lb s 2 9
0.126812
ft = 0.023777 lb ft s 2
3
ft 12
continued
and
= 0.0123841 lb ft s 2
( I x )4
1
lb s 2 5
ft = 0.00150100 lb ft s 2
0.034583
4
ft 12
Then I x = ( 0.056361 + 0.023777 + 0.0123841 0.00150100 ) lb ft s 2
I x = 91.0 103 lb ft s 2
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 ( I y )4
Iy = Iy
Where
2
2
1
lb s 2 16
12 2
2
0.169083
+ ft = 0.156558 lb ft s
3
ft 12
12

( )1
( I y )2
1
lb s 2 16
2
= 0.126812
ft = 0.075148 lb ft s
3
ft 12
Iy
( I y )3 = 0.047555 lbft s
1 12 2 4 2 2
2
+ ft = 0.0079258 lb ft s
18
12
12
2
2
8 2 4
1
16 5
5 2
+
+
ft
ft
2
3 12
12
2 9 12
( I y )4 = 0.034583 lbft s
= 0.0183722 lb ft s 2
Then I y = ( 0.156558 + 0.075148 + 0.0079258 0.0183722 ) lb ft s 2
I y = 221 103 lb ft s 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 ( I z )4
Where
( I z )1 =
1
lb s 2 16
2
0.169083
ft = 0.100197 lb ft s
3
ft 12
( I z )2
2
2
1
lb s 2 16
9 2
2
0.126812
+ ft = 0.098925 lb ft s
3
ft 12
12
2
2
lb s 2 1 9
3 2
2
0.047555
I
=
+
( z )3

ft = 0.0044583 lb ft s
ft
18
12
12

( I z )4
2
2
lb s 2 1 5
8
2
= 0.034583
ft + ft = 0.0168712 lb ft s
ft
4
12
12
Then I z = ( 0.100197 + 0.098925 + 0.0044583 0.0168712 ) lb ft s 2
I z = 186.7 103 lb ft s 2
Have
Then
m = cuV = cu tA
m1 = m2 = 8940 kg/m 3 ( 0.0008 m )(1.2 m )( 0.15 m )

= 1.28736 kg
and
, have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 and ( I x )1 = ( I x )2
Then
2
1
I x = 2 (1.28736 kg )( 0.15 m ) = 0.0193104 kg m 2
3
I x = 19.31 103 kg m 2
( )1 + ( I y )2
Also
Iy = Iy
Where
( I y )1 = 13 (1.28736 kg ) (1.2 m )2 + ( 0.15 m )2 = 0.62759 kg m 2
and
( I y )2 = ry2 dm
ry2 = x 2 + z 2 = x 2 + ( cos 30 )
dm = dV = cu td dx
Then
( I y )2 = cu t 0L 0a ( x2 + 2 cos2 30) d dx
continued
1
L
= cu t 0 ax 2 + a3 cos 2 30 dx
3
Thus
1
cu t aL3 + a3L cos2 30
3
1
m2 L2 + a 2 cos 2 30
3
1
(1.28736 kg ) (1.2 m )2 + ( 0.15 m )2 cos2 30 = 0.62517 kg m 2
3
where V = aLt
I y = ( 0.62759 + 0.62517 ) kg m 2
I y = 1.253 kg m 2
Also
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2
Where
( I z )1 = (1.28736 kg )(1.2 m )2
and
( I z )2
1
3
= 0.61793 kg m 2
= rz2dm
rz2 = x 2 + y 2 = x 2 + ( sin 30 )
dm = dV = cu td dx
Then
( I z )2
= cu t 0 0 x 2 + 2 sin 2 30 d dx
1
L
= cu t 0 ax 2 + a3 sin 2 30 dx
3
1
cu t aL3 + a3 L sin 2 30
3
1
m2 L2 + a 2 sin 2 30
3
1
(1.28736 kg ) (1.2 m )2 + ( 0.15 m )2 sin 2 30
3
where V = aLt
= 0.62035 kg m 2
Thus
I z = ( 0.61793 + 0.62035 ) kg m 2
I z = 1.238 kg m 2
m = V =
Have
V =
0.284 lb/in 3
V
32.2 ft/s 2
= 0.0088199 lb s 2/ft in 3 V
2
Then m1 = 0.0088199 lb s 2 /ft in 3 ( 4 ) ( 2 ) in 3 = 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft
2
m2 = 0.0088199 lb s 2/ft in 3 (1) ( 3) in 3 = 0.083126 lb s 2/ft
2
m3 = 0.0088199 lb s 2 /ft in 3 (1) ( 2 ) in 3 = 0.055417 lb s 2/ft
Using Fig. 9-28 and the parallel theorem, have

(a)
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 ( I x )3
2
2
2
1
1 ft
= 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft 3 ( 4 ) + ( 2 ) + (1) in 2
12
12 in.
2
2
2
1
1 ft
+ 0.083126 lb s 2 /ft 3 (1) + ( 3) + (1.5 ) in 2
12
12 in.
2
2
2
1
1 ft
0.055417 lb s 2 /ft 3 (1) + ( 2 ) + (1) in.
12
12 in.
= 0.034106 lb ft s 2
or I x = 0.0341 lb ft s 2
continued
( )1 + ( I y )2 ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
(b)
2
1
1 ft
= 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft ( 4 ) in 2
12 in.
2
1 2
1 ft
+ 0.083126 lb s 2 /ft (1) + ( 2 ) in 2
12 in.
2
1 2
1 ft
0.055417 lb s 2 /ft (1) + ( 2 ) in 2
12 in.
= 5.0125 102 lb ft s 2
or I y = 0.0501 lb ft s 2
(c)
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 ( I z )3
2
2
2
1
1 ft
= 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft 3 ( 4 ) + ( 2 ) + (1) in 2
12
12 in.
2
2
2
2
1
1 ft
+ 0.083126 lb s 2 /ft 3 (1) + ( 3) + ( 2 ) + (1.5 ) in 2
12
12 in.
2
2
2
2
1
1 ft
0.055417 lb s 2 /ft 3 (1) + ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) + (1) in 2
12
12 in.
= 0.034876 lb ft s 2
or I z = 0.0349 lb ft s 2

m = steel V
Have
m1 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.200 0.120 0.600 ) m 3
Then
= 113.040 kg
m2 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.200 0.080 0.360 ) m 3
= 45.216 kg
2
m3 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.100 ) ( 0.120 ) m 3

2
= 14.7969 kg
2
m4 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.050 ) ( 0.120 ) m 3
= 7.3985 kg
Using Figure 9.28 for components
and
and
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
Now
where
( )1
Iy
1
0.600 2 0.200 2 2
2
2
= (113.040 kg ) ( 0.600 ) + ( 0.200 ) +
+
m
2
2

12
= 15.0720 kg m 2
continued
, have
( )2
Iy
1
0.360 2 0.200 2 2
2
2
= ( 45.216 kg ) ( 0.360 ) + ( 0.200 ) +
+
m
2
2

12
= 2.5562 kg m 2
( )3
Iy
2
1
16
4 0.100 2
2
2
= (14.7969 kg )
+
+
+
0.100
0.100
0.600
(
)
(
)
2
3

2 9
= 6.3024 kg m 2
( I y )4 = ( 7.3985 kg ) 12 ( 0.050 )2 + ( 0.100)2 + ( 0.600 )2 m 2
= 2.7467 kg m 2
Then
I y = (15.0720 + 2.5562 + 6.3024 2.7467 ) kg m 2
= 21.1839 kg m 2
or I y = 21.2 kg m 2
continued
To the Instructor:
The following formulas for the mass moment of inertia of a semicylinder
are derived at this time for use in the solutions of Problems 9.1449.147.
From Figure 9.28
( I x ) cyl
Cylinder:
1
mcyla 2
2
( I y )cyl = ( I z )cyl = 121 mcyl (3a2 + L2 )
Symmetry and the definition of the mass moment of inertia I = r 2dm

imply
( I )semicylinder
and
( I x )sc
1
(I )
2 cylinder
11
2
mcyla
2 2
( I y )sc = ( I z )sc = 12 121 mcyl ( 3a2 + L2 )
However,
msc =
1
mcyl
2
Thus,
( I x )sc
and
1
msca 2
2
( I y )sc = ( I z )sc = 121 msc ( 3a2 + L2 )
Also, using the parallel axis theorem find
16 2
1
I x = msc
a
2
9
2
1
16 2
1 2
I z = msc
a +
L
2
12
4 9
where x and z are centroidal axes.

See machine elements shown in Problem 9.144
m1 = 113.040 kg
Also note
m2 = 45.216 kg
m3 = 14.7969 kg
m4 = 7.3985 kg
and
, have
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 ( I z )4
Now
where
and
2
2
1
( 0.200 )2 + ( 0.120 )2 + 0.200 + 0.120 m 2
2
12
2
( I z )1 = (113.040 kg )
= 2.0498 kg m 2
( I z )2
2
2
2
2
1
= ( 45.216 kg ) ( 0.200 ) + ( 0.080 ) + ( 0.100 ) + ( 0.160 ) m 2
12
= 1.78453 kg m 2
1
2
2
2
2
3 ( 0.100 ) + ( 0.120 ) + ( 0.100 ) + ( 0.060 ) m 2
12
( I z )3 = (14.7969 kg )
= 0.25599 kg m 2
( I z )4
2
2
2
2
1
= ( 7.3985 kg ) 3 ( 0.050 ) + ( 0.120 ) + ( 0.100 ) + ( 0.060 ) m 2

12
= 0.114122 kg m 2
Then
I z = ( 2.0498 + 1.78453 + 0.25599 0.114122 ) kg m 2
= 3.97629 kg m 2
or I z = 3.98 kg m 2

m = V
=
m1 =
0.100 lb/in 3
( 4 in.)(1 in.)( 3 in.)
32.2 ft/s 2
= 37.267 103
m2 =
0.100 lb/in 3
( 2 in.)(1.2 in.)( 3 in.)
32.2 ft/s 2
= 22.360 103
m3 =
lb s 2
ft
0.100 lb/in 3
2
( 0.9 in.) ( 2 in.)
2
2
32.2 ft/s
= 7.9028 103
m4 =
lb s 2
ft
lb s 2
ft
0.100 lb/in 3
2
( 0.5 in.) ( 3 in.)
2
2
32.2 ft/s
= 3.6587 103
lb s 2
ft
continued
Have
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 + ( I z )4
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2 1 ft
3 lb s 2
3 lb s 2
= 37.267 10
4 + 1 in + 37.267 10
2 + 0.5 in
ft
ft
12
12 in.
2
2
1
lb s 2 2
3 lb s 2
2
2
2
2 1 ft
+ 22.360 103
+
+
+
2
1.2
in
22.360
10
1
1.6
in
ft
ft
12
12 in.
lb s 2 1
16
1
2
2
0.9 in.) + ( 2 in.)

+ 7.9028 103

2 (
ft 4 9
12
2
2
2
4 0.9 2 1 ft
2
3 lb s
+ 7.9028 10
(1 in.) + 2.2 +
in
ft
3
12 in.
lb s 2 1
16
2
0.5 in.)
+ 3.6587 103

2 (
ft 2 9
2
2
2
4 0.5 2 1 ft
2
3 lb s
+ 3.6587 10
( 3.5 in.) + 1 +
in
ft
3
12 in.
) (
= 1.46653 103 + 70.393 106 + 552.79 106
) (
+ 21.400 106 + 420.75 106 + 2.0318 106 + 348.58 106 lb ft s 2
= 2.88 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 2.88 103 lb ft s 2

Have
m = st V =
Then
m1 =
st
g
1 ft
490 lb/ft 3
( 3 1 4 ) in 3
2
32.2 ft/s
12 in.
= 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft

3
1 ft
490 lb/ft 3
2
3
m2 =
(1.5 1 2 ) in 3
= 26.419 10 lb s /ft
2
12
in.
32.2 ft/s
m3 =
490 lb/ft 3
2
1 ft
2
3
( 0.5 ) 1.5 in 3
= 5.1874 10 lb s /ft
2
32.2 ft/s
2
12 in.
1 ft
490 lb/ft 3
2
m4 =
(1.4 ) 0.4 in 3
2
32.2 ft/s
2
12 in.
= 10.8491 103 lb s 2/ft

(a)

have
and
and
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 ( I x )4
where
( I x )1 = (105.676 10
1
1 2 4 2 2 1 ft 2
2
2
lb s /ft (1) + ( 4 ) + + in

2
12
2
12 in.
= 4.1585 103 lb ft s 2
( I x )2
1 ft
2
2
2
2
1
= 26.419 103 lb s 2 /ft (1) + ( 2 ) + ( 0.5) + ( 5) in 2
12
12 in.
= 4.7089 103 lb ft s 2
continued
( I x )3
= 5.1874 10
2
2
1
16
4 0.5 2 1 ft
2
2
lb s /ft
( 0.5 ) + ( 0.5 ) + 6 +
in
2 9 2
3

12 in.

= 1.40209 103 lb ft s 2
( I x )4
1 ft
2
2
1
= 10.8451 103 lb s 2 /ft 3 (1.4 ) + ( 0.4 ) + 22 + 0.82 in 2
12
12 in.
= 0.38736 103 lb ft s 2
I x = ( 4.1585 + 4.7089 + 1.40209 0.38736 ) 103 lb ft s 2
Then
= 9.8821 103 lb ft s 2
or I x = 9.88 103 lb ft s 2
(b) Have
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 ( I y )4
Iy = Iy
where
2
1
3 2 4 2
1 ft
2
2
= 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft ( 3) + ( 4 ) + + in 2
2
2
12 in.
12
( )1 (
Iy
= 6.1155 103 lb ft s 2
( I y )2 = ( 26.419 10
1 ft
2
2
2
2
1
lb s /ft (1.5 ) + ( 2 ) + ( 0.75 ) + ( 5 ) in 2
12
12 in.
= 4.7854 103 lb ft s 2
( I y )3 = (5.1874 10
2
2
1
16
1
4 0.5 2 1 ft
2
2
2
lb s /ft
( 0.5 ) + (1.5 ) + ( 0.75 ) + 6 +

in
4 9 2
12
3

12 in.

= 1.41785 103 lb ft s 2
( I y )4 = (10.8451 10
2
2
1
1 ft
16
4 1.4
2
2 2
lb s /ft
(1.4 ) + 3
+ ( 2 ) in
2 9 2
3

12 in.

2
= 0.78438 103 lb ft s 2
continued
I y = ( 6.1155 + 4.7854 + 1.41785 0.78438 ) 103 lb ft s 2
Then
= 11.5344 103 lb ft s 2
or I y = 11.53 103 lb ft s 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 ( I z )4
(c) Have
where
( I z )1 = (105.676 10
1
3 2 1 2 2 1 ft 2
2
2
lb s /ft ( 3) + (1) + + in
2
12
2
12 in.
= 2.4462 103 lb ft s 2
1
1.5 2 1 2 2 1 ft 2
2
2
3
2
I
=
+
+
26.419
10
lb
s
/ft
1.5
1
( z )2
( ) + in
( )
2
2
12 in.
12
= 0.198754 103 lb ft s 2
( I z )3
= 5.1874 10
1 ft
2
2
2
2
1
lb s /ft 3 ( 0.5 ) + (1.5) + ( 0.75) + ( 0.5 ) in 2
12
12 in.
2
= 0.038275 103 lb ft s 2
( I z )4
= 10.8451 10
2
2
1
1 ft
16
1
4 1.4
2
2
2 2
lb s /ft
(1.4 ) + ( 0.4 ) + 3
+ ( 0.8 ) in
4 9 2
12
3

12 in.

2
= 0.49543 103 lb ft s 2
Then
I z = ( 2.4462 + 0.198754 + 0.038275 0.49543) 10 3 lb ft s 2
= 2.1878 103 lb ft s 2
or I z = 2.19 103 lb ft s 2
m = L
Have
Then
m1 = ( 0.049 kg/m ) 2 ( 0.32 m )
= 0.09852 kg
m2 = m3 = m4 = m5
= ( 0.049 kg/m )( 0.160 m ) = 0.00784 kg

Using the equation given above and the parallel axis theorem, have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 + ( I x )4 + ( I x )5
1
1
2
2
= ( 0.09852 kg ) ( 0.32 m ) + ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.160 m )
2
2
+ ( 0.00784 kg ) 0 + ( 0.160 m )
1
2
2
2
+ ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.08 m ) + ( 0.32 m )
12
2
2
2
1
+ ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.32 m 0.08 m )
12
= ( 5.0442 + 0.06690 + 0.2007 + 0.86972 + 0.66901) 103 kg m 2

= 6.8505 103 kg m 2
or I x = 6.85 103 kg m 2
continued
Iy = (Iy ) + (Iy ) + (Iy ) + (Iy ) + (Iy )
Have
(I ) = (I )
where
Then
y 2
y 4
and
(I ) = (I )
y 3
y 5
2
2
I y = ( 0.09852 kg ) ( 0.32 m ) + 2 ( 0.00784 kg ) 0 + ( 0.32 m )
2
2
1
+ 2 ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.24 m )
12
= 10.088 + 2 ( 0.80282 ) + 2 ( 0.46831) 103 kg m 2

= 12.6303 103 kg m 2
or I y = 12.63 103 kg m 2
By symmetry
Iz = Ix
continued
or I z = 6.85 103 kg m 2
To the Instructor:
The following formulas for the mass moment of inertia of wires are derived or summarized at this time for use
in the solutions of Problems 9.1489.150.
Slender Rod
Ix = 0
I y = I z =
1
mL2 (Fig. 9.28)
12
1 2
mL (Sample Problem 9.9)
3
I y = Iz =
Circle
Have
I y = r 2dm = ma 2
Now
Iy = Ix + Iz
Ix = Iz
And symmetry implies
Ix = Iz =
1 2
ma
2
Semicircle
Following the above arguments for a circle, have
I x = Iz =
1 2
ma
2
I y = ma 2
Using the parallel-axis theorem
I z = I z + mx 2
or
x=
2a
4
1
I z = m 2 a 2
2
m = V = AL
Have
Then
2
m1 = m2 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.0015 m ) ( 0.36 m )
m2 = m1 = 0.062756 kg
2
m3 = m4 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.0015 m ) ( 0.36 m )
= 0.019976 kg
Using the equations given above and the parallel axis theorem, have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 + ( I x )4
where
( I x )3 = ( I x ) 4
Then
2
2
2
1
1
I x = ( 0.062756 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) + ( 0.062756 ) ( 0.36 m ) + ( 0.36 m )
2
2
2
2
1
+ 2 ( 0.019976 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) + ( 0.18 m ) + ( 0.36 m )
12
= 4.06659 + 12.19977 + 2 ( 3.45185 ) 103 kg m 2

= 23.1701 103 kg m 2
or I x = 23.2 103 kg m 2
Have
where
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 + ( I y )4
Iy = Iy
( I y )1 = ( I y )2
and
( I y )3 = ( I y )4
continued
Then
2
2
I y = 2 ( 0.062756 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) + 2 ( 0.019976 kg ) 0 + ( 0.36 m )
) (
= 2 8.13318 103 kg m 2 + 2 2.58889 103 kg m 2
= 21.44414 103 kg m 2
or I y = 21.4 103 kg m 2
Have
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 + ( I z )4
where
( I z )3 = ( I z )4
Then
2
1
I z = ( 0.062756 kg ) ( 0.36 m )
2
2
1
4
2 2 0.36 m
2
0.36
m
+ ( 0.062756 kg ) 2 ( 0.36 m ) +
+
(
)
2
1
+ 2 ( 0.019976 kg ) ( 0.36 m )
3
= 4.06659 + 12.1998 + 2 ( 0.86296 ) 103 kg m 2

= 17.9923 103 kg m 2
or I z = 17.99 103 kg m 2
First compute the mass of each component. Mass of each component is

indentical
m=
Have
( m/L ) L
g
( 0.041 lb/ft )(1.5 ft )

32.2 ft/s 2
= 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft
Using the equations given above and the parallel axis theorem, have
( I x )1 = ( I x )3 = ( I x )4 = ( I x )6
and
( I x ) 2 = ( I x )5
I x = 4 ( I x )1 + 2 ( I x )2
Then
2
1
I x = 4 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft (1.5 ft )
3
2
+ 2 0.00190994 lb s 2/ft 0 + (1.5 ft )
= 0.0143246 lb ft s 2
or I x = 14.32 103 lb ft s 2
Now
( I y )1 = 0 ( I y )2 = ( I y )6
( I y )4 = ( I y )5
continued
Then
( )2 + ( I y )3 + 2 ( I y )4
Iy = 2 Iy
1
2
2
= 0.0019094 lb s 2 /ft 2 (1.5 ft ) + 0 + (1.5 ft )
2
2
2
1
+ 2 (1.5 ft ) + (1.5 ft ) + ( 0.75 ft )
12
= 0.0019094 (1.5 + 2.25 + 6 ) lb ft s 2 = 0.0186219 lb ft s 2

I y = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2
By symmetry
Iz = I y
I z = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2

m1 = 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft
m3 = 5.1874 10 3 lb s 2/ft
m2 = 26.419 103 lb s 2/ft
m4 = 10.8451 10 3 lb s 2/ft
First note that symmetry implies I xy = I yz = I z x = 0 for each component
I uv = I uv + mu v = mu v
Now
( Iuv )body
so that
Then
= mu v
1.5 0.5
0.75 0.5
I xy = mx y = 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft
ft
ft + 26.419 103 lb s 2 /ft
ft
ft
12 12
12
12
0.75 0.5
+ 5.1874 10 3 lb s 2 /ft
ft
ft
12
12
4 1.4 in. 1 ft 0.8

10.8451 103 lb s 2 /ft 3 in.
ft

3
12 in. 12
= ( 550.40 + 68.799 + 13.5089 144.952 ) 106 lb ft s 2

= 487.76 106 lb ft s 2
or I xy = 0.488 103 lb ft s 2
continued

m1 = 37.267 103
lb s 2
ft
m2 = 22.360 103
lb s 2
ft
m3 = 7.9028 103
lb s 2
ft
m4 = 3.6587 103
lb s 2
ft
I uv = I uv + mu v
Have
Symmetry implies
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
for each element.
I uv = miui v i
Then:
I xy
1 ft
lb s 2
= 37.267 103
( 2 in.)( 0.5 in.)
ft
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
+ 22.360 103
(1 in.)(1.6 in.)
ft
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
4 0.9
+ 7.9028 103
(1 in.) 2.2 +
in.
ft
3
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
4 0.5
+ 3.6587 103
( 3.5 in.) 1 +
in.
ft
3
12 in.
continued
= 258.80 106 + 248.44 106 + 141.700 106 + 107.80 106 lb ft s 2

= 757 106 lb ft s 2
I xy = 757 106 lb ft s 2
1 ft
lb s 2
I yz = 37.267 103
( 0.5 in.)(1.5 in.)
ft
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
+ 22.360 103
(1.6 in.)(1.5 in.)
ft
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
4 0.9
+ 7.9028 103
2.2 +
in. (1.5 in.)

ft
3
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
4 0.5
+ 3.6587 103
1 +
in. (1.5 in.)
ft
3
12 in.
= 194.099 106 + 372.67 106 + 212.55 106 + 46.199 10 6 lb ft s 2

= 826 10
lb ft s
I yz = 826 106 lb ft s 2
I zx
1 ft
lb s 2
= 37.267 103
(1.5 in.)( 2 in.)
ft
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
+ 22.360 103
(1.5 in.)(1 in.)
ft
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
+ 7.9028 103
(1.5 in.)(1 in.)
ft
12 in.
1 ft
lb s 2
+ 3.6587 103
(1.5 in.)( 3.5 in.)
ft
12 in.
= 776.40 106 + 232.92 106 + 82.321 106 + 133.390 106 lb ft s 2

= 1.225 103 lb ft s 2
I zx = 1.225 103 lb ft s 2

Have
m = alV
Then
kg
m1 = 2700 3 ( 0.350 0.100 0.030 ) m 3

m
= 2.8350 kg
kg
m2 = 2700 3 ( 0.200 0.100 0.050 ) m 3

m
= 2.7000 kg
kg
2
m3 = 2700 3 ( 0.025 ) 0.100 m3
= 0.53014 kg
First note that symmetry implies I xy = I yz = I z x = 0 for each component
Now
I uv = I u v + mu v
where
I uv = 0
I xy = mx y = ( 2.8350 kg )( 0.175m )( 0.050 m )

+ ( 2.7000 kg )( 0.100 m )( 0.050 m ) ( 0.53014 kg )( 0.080 m )( 0.050 m )
= ( 24.806 + 13.500 2.1206 ) 10 3 kg m 2 = 36.1854 10 3 kg m 2
or I xy = 36.2 103 kg m 2
I yz = my z = ( 2.8350 kg )( 0.050 m )( 0.015m )

+ ( 2.7000 kg )( 0.050 m )( 0.055m ) ( 0.53014 kg )( 0.050 m )( 0.040 m )
= ( 2.1263 + 7.4250 1.06028 ) 103 kg m 2 = 8.49102 10 3 kg m 2
or I yz = 8.49 103 kg m 2
continued
I zx = mz x = ( 2.8350 kg )( 0.015m )( 0.175m )

+ ( 2.7000 kg )( 0.055m )( 0.100 m ) ( 0.53014 kg )( 0.040 m )( 0.080 m )
= ( 7.4419 + 14.850 1.69645 )103 kg m 2 = 20.59545 10 3 kg m 2
or I zx = 20.6 103 kg m 2
m = V
Have
m1 = 2700 kg/m 3 ( 0.118 0.036 0.044 ) m 3 = 0.50466 kg
Then
m2 = 2700 kg/m 3 ( 0.022 ) 0.036 m 3 = 0.07389 kg

2
m3 = 2700 kg/m 3 ( 0.028 0.022 0.024 ) m 3 = 0.03992 kg

Now observe that I xy , I yz and I zx are zero because of symmetry
4 0.022
x2 = 0.118 +
m = 0.12734 m
3
Now
0.022
y3 = 0.036
m = 0.025 m
2
m, kg
x, m
y, m
z, m
mx y kg m 2
my z kg m 2
mz x kg m 2
0.50466
0.059
0.018
0.022
0.53595 103
0.19985 10 3
0.65505 103
0.07389
0.12734
0.018
0.022
0.16932 103
0.02926 10 3
0.20695 10 3
0.03992
0.014
0.025
0.026
0.01397 103
0.02594 10 3
0.01453 10 3
continued
And
I xy = I xy + mx y
I yz = I yz + my z
)
)
I zx = ( I zx + mx z )
Finally
( )1 + ( I xy )2 ( I xy )3 = 0.6913 103 kg m 2
I xy = I xy
or I xy = 0.691 103 kg m 2
( )1 + ( I yz )2 ( I yz )3 = 0.20317 103 kg m 2
I yz = I yz
or I yz = 0.203 103 kg m 2
I zx = ( I zx )1 + ( I zx )2 ( I zx )3 = 0.84747 103 kg m 2
or I zx = 0.848 103 kg m 2

m = V
Have
= tA
kg
m1 = 7860 3 ( 0.003 m )( 0.2 0.090 ) m 2

m
Then
= 424.44 103 kg
kg
m2 = 7860 3 ( 0.003 m ) ( 0.045 m )

2
m
= 75.005 103 kg
I uv = I uv + m u v
Now
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
Symmetry implies
Then
for both elements.
Iuv = miui v i
I xy = 424.44 103 kg ( 0.050 m )( 0.045 m ) + 75.005 10 3 kg ( 0.050 m )( 0.045 m )
= 954.99 106 168.761 106 kg m 2

= 786 106 kg m 2
I xy = 786 106 kg m 2
continued
4 0.045
I yz = 424.44 103 kg ( 0.045 m )( 0 ) + 75.005 103 kg ( 0.045 m )
m
3
= 64.5 106 kg m 2
I yz = 64.5 106 kg m 2
4 0.045
I zx = 424.44 103 kg ( 0 )( 0.050 m ) + 75.005 103 kg
m ( 0.050 m )
3
= 71.6 106 kg m 2
I zx = 71.6 106 kg m 2
m = stV = st tA
Have
Then
m1 = ( 7860 kg/m 3 ) ( 0.003)( 0.08 )( 0.09 ) m 3

= 0.169776 kg
m2 = 7860 kg/m 3 ( 0.003) 0.09 0.036 m 3

2
= 0.03820 kg
Now observe that
(I ) = (I ) = (I )
xy
y z
(I ) = (I )
y z
z x
(I )
Also
x1 = y1 = z2 = 0
xy 2
( )
= sT t I xy
=0
=0
( I xy )2,area = 721 b22 h22
From Sample Problem 9.6

Then
z x
2,area
1
1
= st t b22 h22 = m2 b2 h2
36
72
0.09
x2 = 0.045 +
m = 0.015 m
3
continued
Finally
1
I xy = I xy + mx y = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0.03820 kg )( 0.09 m )( 0.036 m )
36
0.036 m
+ ( 0.03820 kg )( 0.015 m )
= 3.4379 106 6.876 106 kg m 2 = 10.3139 106 kg m 2

or I xy = 10.31 106 kg m 2
And
I yz = I yz + m y z = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0 + 0 ) = 0
or I yz = 0
I zx = ( I z x + m z x ) = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0 + 0 ) = 0
or I zx = 0

Have
m = stV = st tA
Then
m1 = ( 7860 kg/m3 ) ( 0.003)( 0.7 )( 0.78 ) m 3 = 12.875 kg
m2 = ( 7860 kg/m 3 ) ( 0.003) 0.392 m 3 = 5.6337 kg

2
m3 = ( 7860 kg/m 3 ) ( 0.003) 0.78 0.3 m 3 = 2.7589 kg

2
Now observe that because of symmetry the centroidal products of inertia

of components
and
Also
( )3 = ( I zx )3 = 0
( I yz )3,mass = stt ( I yz )3,area
are zero and I xy
Using the results of Sample Problem 9.6 and noting that the orientation of
the axes corresponds to a 90 rotation, have
( I yz )3,area = 721 b32h32

Then
( I yz )3 = stt 721 b32h32 = 361 m3b3h3

Also
Finally
y1 = x2 = 0
y2 =
4 0.39 m
= 0.16552 m
3
I xy = I xy + mx y = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0 + 0 )
0.3m
2
+ 0 + ( 2.7589 kg ) ( 0.7 m )
= 0.19312 kg m
3
or I xy = 0.1931 kg m 2
continued
I yz = I yz + my z
= ( 0 + 0 ) + 0 + ( 5.6337 kg ) ( 0.16552 m )( 0.39 m )
1
0.3 m 0.78 m
+ ( 2.7589 kg ) ( 0.78 m )( 0.3 m ) +
3 3
36
= ( 0.36367 + 0.017933 0.07173) kg m 2 = 0.30987 kg m 2
or I yz = 0.310 kg m 2
I zx = I z x + mz x = 0 + (12.875 kg ) ( 0.35 m )( 0.39 m )
0.78 m
+ ( 0 + 0 ) + 0 + ( 2.7589 kg )
( 0.7 m )
3
= (1.75744 + 0.50212 ) kg m 2 = 2.25956 kg m 2

or I zx = 2.26 kg m 2

st
First note
m = stV =
Then
490 lb/ft 3
1ft
m1 =
0.08 in.) ( 6 3.6 ) in 2
2 (
12in.
32.2 ft/s
tA
3
= 15.2174 103 lb s 2 /ft

490 lb/ft 3
2 1 ft
m2 =
0.08 in.) (1.8 in.)
2 (
2
12 in.
32.2 ft/s
= 3.5855 103 lb s 2 /ft

490 lb/ft 3
2 1 ft
m3 =
0.08 in.) ( 3.6 in.)
2 (
4
12 in.
32.2 ft/s
= 7.1710 103 lb s 2 /ft

Note that symmetry implies
( I xy )1,2 = ( I yz )1,2 = ( I zx )1,2 = 0
(I ) = (I )
xy
Now
yz
=0
I uv = I uv + mu v
continued
Thus
I xy = mx y
= m1x1 y1 m2 x2 y2 + m3 x3 y3
0.6 1.8
= (15.2174 103 lb s 2 /ft )
ft
ft
12 12
4 1.8
1 ft 1.8
ft
( 3.5855 103 lb s 2/ft ) 2.4
in.
3
12 in. 12
= ( 114.131 73.326 ) 106 lb ft s 2
or I xy = 187.5 106 lb ft s 2
I yz = my z = m1 y1 z1 m2 y2 z2 + m3 y3 z3
Now
or
I yz = 0
I zx = ( I zx )1 ( I zx )2 + ( I zx )3
Also
= m1 z1x1 m2 z2x2 + ( I zx )3
Now determine ( I zx )3
( dI zx )3 = ( dI zx )3 + z x dm
Have
x
= ( z ) st t x dz
2 g
st
or
( I zx )3
Therefore,
I zx =
t a32
g 4
t =
4m3
a32
1
m3a32
2
1
3.6
7.1710 103 lb s 2 /ft
ft
2
12
2m3 a 2
2m 1
1
a3 z z 3 dz = 23 a32 z 2 z 4
2 0
4 0
a3
a3 2
Finally
st
m3 =
Now
1 st
tz a32 z 2 dz
2 g
or I zx = 102.7 106 lb ft s 2

Have
m=
wL
g
Then
m1 =
w
3
a
g
2
3 wa
2 g
m2 =
w
( 2a )
g
=2
m3 =
w
( a )
g
wa
g
I uv = I uv + mu v
Now
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
Symmetry implies
Then
wa
g
for each element.
Iuv = miui v i
3 wa 3 2 3 wa
2
I xy =
a a +
( 3a ) a
2 g 2 2 g
3
wa 27
=
+ 6
g 4
I xy = 12.75
w 3
a
g
I yz = 7
wa3
g
3 wa 2 3
wa 2 a
I yz =
a ( 2a ) +
( a)
2 g 2
g
wa3
(9 2)
g
3 wa
wa
3 wa
I zx =
( 2a ) a + 2
( a )( 3a ) +
( a )( 3a )
2 g
2 g
g
wa3 9
+ 6 3
g 2
I zx = 1.5
w 3
a ( + 4 )
g
First compute the mass of each component. Have
Then
m=
W 1
= wL
g g
m1 =
w
w
( 2 a ) = 2 a
g
g
m2 =
w
w
(a) = a
g
g
m3 =
w
w
( 2a ) = 2 a
g
g
m4 =
w
3
w
2 a = 3 a
g
2
g
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia, I xy , I yz , and I zx , of each component are zero because
of symmetry.
continued
w
a
g
w
a
g
2a
2a
1
a
2
0
w
a
g
2a
w
a
g
2a
mx y
a
0
3
a
2
2a
w 3
a
g
w
(1 5 ) a3
g
I xy = I xy + mx y
I yz = I yz0 + my z
I zx = I zx0 + mz x
w 3
a
g
11
w 3
a
g
w 3
a
g
0
mz x
w 3
a
g
w 3
a
g
Then
w 3
a
g
my z
w 3
a
g
12
4
w 3
a
g
w
(1 + 2 ) a3
g
or I xy =
w 3
a (1 5 )
g
or I yz = 11
or I zx = 4
w 3
a
g
w 3
a (1 + 2 )
g
First note
m = V =
V =
AL
Specific weight of aluminium = 0.10 lb/in 3 = 172.8 lb/ft 3

Then
m=
2
172.8 lb/ft 3 0.075
ft
L
32.2 ft/s 2 4 12

= 0.16464 103 L lb s 2/ft 2

Now
L1 = L4 = 12.5 in. = 1.04167 ft
m1 = m4 = 0.17150 103 lb s 2 /ft

L2 = L5 = 9 in. = 0.75 ft
m2 = m5 = 0.12348 103 lb s 2 /ft

L3 = L6 = 15 in. = 1.25 ft
m3 = m6 = 0.20580 103 lb s 2 /ft

and
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
continued
m, lb s 2 /ft
x , ft
y , ft
z , ft
mx y, lbft s2
my z , lb ft s 2
m z x , lb ft s 2
0.17150 103
0.75
0.5208
0.06699 103
0.12348 103
0.375
1.04167
0.04823 103
0.20580 103
1.04167
0.625
0.13398 103
0.17150 103
0.5208
1.25
0.111646 103
0.12348 103
0.375
1.25
0.05788 103
0.20580 103
0.75
0.625
0.09647 103
0.11522 103
0.24563 103
0.15435 103
I xy = ( I xy + mx y ) = 0.115222 103 lb ft s 2
I xy = 0.1152 103 lb ft s 2
or
0 my z = 0.24563 103 lb ft s2
I yz = ( I yz +
)
or I yz = 0.246 103 lb ft s 2
I zx = ( I z x +0 mz x ) = 0.15435 103 lb ft s 2
or
I zx = 0.1543 103 lb ft s 2

mring = 2 ( 0.5 m )(1.8 kg/m ) = 5.655 kg
mrod = ( 0.8 m )(1.8 kg/m ) = 1.44 kg
For each ring x = z = 0 and I xy = I yz = I zx = 0, thus the mass product of inertia of the rings is
zero with respect to each pair of coordinate axes.
For each rod:
Since each rod lies in the x-y plane, I yz = I zx = 0
I yz = I zx = 0
Thus for entire wire figure
I xy = I xy + m x y
Hence
where I xy = 0
I xy = mx y
= (1.44 kg )( 0.5 m )( 0.4 m ) + (1.44 kg )( 0.5 m )( 0.4 m )
= 0.576 kg m 2
I xy = 0.576 kg m 2

Have
and
Consider
I xy = xydm
x = x + x
I yz = yzdm
y = y + y
I zx = zxdm
z = z + z
(9.45)
(9.31)
I xy = xydm
Substituting for x and for y
I xy = ( x + x )( y + y ) dm
= xydm + y xdm + x ydm + x y dm

By definition
and
I xy = xydm
xdm = mx
ydm = my
However, the origin of the primed coordinate system coincides with the mass center G, so that
x = y = 0
I xy = I xy + mx y Q.E.D.
The expressions for I yz and I zx are obtained in a similar manner.

(a) First divide the tetrahedron into a series of thin vertical slices of
thickness dz as shown.
a
z
z + a = a 1
c
c
Now
x=
and
b
z
y = z + b = b 1
c
c
The mass dm of the slab is

2
z
1
1
dm = dV = xydz = ab 1 dz
c
2
2
2
3
c
1
z
1
z
m = dm = ab 1 dz = ab 1
c
2
c
02
3
0
c
Then
1
abc
6
dI zx = dI zx + z EL xEL dm
Now
dI zx = 0
where
z EL = z
and
Then
xEL =
( symmetry )
1
1
z
x = a 1
3
3
c
2
c
1
z 1
z
I zx = dI zx = z a 1 ab 1 dz
c 2
c
0 3
1 2 c
z2
z3 z 4
a b 0 z 3 + 3 2 3 dz
6
c
c
c
m 1
z3 3 z 4 1 z5
= a z2
+
c 2
c
4 c 2 5 c3 0
or I zx =
1
mac
20
continued
(b) Because of the symmetry of the body, I xy and I yz can be deduced

by considering the circular permutation of ( x, y, z ) and ( a, b, c ) .
Thus
1
I xy =
mab
20
I yz =
1
mbc
20
Alternative solution for part a

First divide the tetrahedron into a series of thin horizontal slices of
thickness dy as shown.
Now
x=
a
y
y + a = a 1
b
b
and
z =
c
y
y + c = c 1
b
b
The mass dm of the slab is

2
y
1
1
dm = dV = xzdy = ac 1 dy
b
2
2
Now
dI zx = tdI zx, Area
where
t = dy
and dI zx, Area =

Then
1 2 2
x z from the results of Sample Problem 9.6
24
2
2
1
y
y
dIzx = ( dy ) a 1 c 1
b
b
24
1
y
1m
y
=
a 2c 2 1 dy =
ac 1 dy
24
b
4 b
b
Finally
I zx = dI zx
1m
y
=
ac 1 dy
4b
b
b
0
5
1 m b
y
ac 1
=
4 b 5
b 0
or I zx =
1
mac
20
continued
Alternative solution for part a

The equation of the included face of the tetrahedron is
x y z
+ + =1
a b c
x z
y = b 1
a
c
so that
For an infinitesimal element of sides dx, dy, and dz
dm = dV = dydxdz
z
x = a 1
c
From part a
Now
I zx = zxdm = 0 0 (
c
= 0 0 (
c
a 1 cz
= b
c 1
z
0
a 1 cz
) b(1 ax cz ) zx ( dydxdz )
0
) zx b (1
x
a
z
c
) dxdz
(
a 1 cz
1 x3 1 z 2
x
x
3 a
2 c 0
2
2
)
dz
2
3
2
z
1 3
z
1 z 2
z
c 1
a 1
a 1 dz
= b 0 z a 2 1
c
3a
c
2c
c
2
= b 0
=
1 2
z
a z 1 dz
6
c
1 2 c
z2
z3 z 4
a b 0 z 3 + 3 2 3 dz
6
c
c
c
m 1
z3 3 z 4 1 z5
= a z2
+
c 2
c
4 c 2 5 c3 0
or I zx =
1
mac
20
Iy =
From Figure 9.28
1 2
ma
2
and using the parallel-axis theorem
Ix = Iz =
1
1
h
m 3a 2 + h 2 + m =
m 3a 2 + 4h 2
12
12
2
I xy = I yz = I zx = 0
Symmetry implies
For convenience, let point A lie in the yz plane. Then
OA =
h + a2
( hj + a k )
With the mass products of inertia equal to zero, Equation (9.46) reduces
to
I OA = I xx2 + I y y2 + I z z2
1
h
= ma 2
2
2
2
h +a
1
m 3a 2 + 4h 2
+
12
2
2
h +a
or I OA =
1
10h 2 + 3a 2
ma 2 2
12
h + a2
Note: For point A located at an arbitrary point on the perimeter of the top
surface, OA is given by
OA =
1
h2 + a 2
( a cos i + hj + a sin k )
which results in the same expression for I OA

2
dOA =
First note that
OA =
Then
9
2
2
3
a + ( 3a ) + ( 3a ) = a
2
2
1 3
1
ai 3aj + 3ak = ( i 2 j + 2k )
9 2
3
a
2
For a rectangular coordinate system with origin at point A and axes aligned with the given x, y, z axes, have
(using Figure 9.28)
Ix = Iz =
=
3 1 2
2
m a + ( 3a )
5 4
Iy =
3
ma 2
10
111 2
ma
20
Also, symmetry implies
With the mass products of inertia equal to zero, Equation (9.46) reduces to
I OA = I xx2 + I y y2 + I z z2
2
111 2 1
3
111 2 2
2
ma +
ma 2 +
ma
20
3
10
3
20

193 2
ma
60
or I OA = 3.22ma 2
m = stV =
Have
0.284 lb/in 3
V = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 V
2
32.2 ft/s
Then
2
m1 = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 ( 4 in.) ( 2 in.) = 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft
2
m2 = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 (1 in.) ( 3 in.) = 0.083125 lb s 2 /ft
m3 = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 (1 in.) ( 2 in.) = 0.055417 lb s 2 /ft
I yz = I zx = 0
Symmetry implies
( I xy )1 = 0
( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3 = 0
and
Now
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 m3 x3 y3
1 ft 2
= ( 0.083125 lb s 2 /ft ) ( 2 in.)(1.5 in.)
2
144 in
1 ft 2
( 0.055417 lb s 2 /ft ) ( 2 in.)( 1 in.)
2
144 in
= 0.96209 103 lb ft s 2
I x = 34.106 103 lb ft s 2
I y = 50.125 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 34.876 103 lb ft s 2
continued
1
( 2i + 3j)
13
OA =
By observation
Then
I OA = I xx2 + I y y2 + I z z2 2I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
2
= 34.106 103 lb ft s 2
13
3
+ 50.125 103 lb ft s 2
13
2 3
2 0.96209 103 lb ft s 2
13 13
= (10.4942 + 34.7019 0.8881) 103 lb ft s 2

= 44.308 103 lb ft s 2
or I OA = 44.3 103 lb ft s 2

I x = 9.8821 103 lb ft s 2
From Problem 9.147:
I y = 11.5344 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 2.1878 103 lb ft s 2
I xy = 0.48776 103 lb ft s 2
Problem 9.151:
I yz = 1.18391 103 lb ft s 2
I zx = 2.6951 103 lb ft s 2
Now
x = y = z
and
x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
3x2 = 1
Therefore,
x = y = z =
or
1
3
Equation 9.46
I OL = I xx2 + I y y2 + I z z2 2 I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
2
2
2
1
1
1
1 1
= 9.8821
+
11.5344
+
2.1878
2 ( 0.48776 )
3
3
3
3 3
1 1
1 1
3
2
2 ( 2.6951)
10 lb ft s
3
3
3
3
2 (1.18391)
= 4.95692 103 lb ft s 2
or I OL = 4.96 103 lb ft s 2
m1 = m2 =
First note that
OA =
And that
1W
2 g
1
(i + j + k )
3
Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
1 1W
=
12 2 g
2 1W
a +
2 g
a

2
1W
1 1 W 2
2
+
a +a +
2 g
12 2 g
a 2 a 2
+
2
2
1 W 1
1
1 1 1W 2
+ a2 + + a2 =
a
2 g 12 4
6 2 2 g
( )1 + ( I y )2
Iy = Iy
1 1 W
1W
2
2
=
a +a +
12
2
g
2 g
1 1 W
+
12 2 g
a 2 a 2
+
2
2
2
2 1 W 2 a
a
a
+
+
(
)

2 g
2
1 W 1 1 2 1
5 W 2
a
+ a2 =
+ a +
2 g 6 2
g
12 4
continued
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2
1 1W
=
12 2 g
2 1W
a +
2 g
1 1 W
+
12 2 g
a

2
2 1W
a +
2 g
2 a 2
( a ) +
2
1 W 1
1
5 5W 2
1
a
+ a2 +
+ a2 =
2 g 12 4
12 4 6 g
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia, I xy , I yz , and I zx ,

of both components are zero because of symmetry. Also, y1 = 0
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 =
Then
1W
a
1W 2
a
( a ) =
2 g
2
4 g
1W
I yz = I yz +0my z = m2 y2z2 =
2 g
a a 1 W 2
a
=
2 2 8 g
I zx = I z x + mz x = m1z1x1 + m2 z2 x2
1W
2 g
a a 1 W
+
2 2 2 g
3W 2
a
a
(a) =
8 g
2
Substituting into Equation (9.46)
I OA = I xx2 + I y y2 + I z z2 2I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
Noting that
x2 = y2 = z2 = x y = yz = z x =
1
3
Have
I OA =
1 1 W 2 W 2 5 W 2
a +
a +
a
3 2 g
6 g
g
1 W 2 1 W 2 3 W 2
a +
a +
a
2
8 g
8 g
4 g
1 14
3 W 2
2 a
3 6
4 g
or I OA =
5 W 2
a
18 g
m = V = tA
Have
m1 = ta 2
Then
m2 =
1
ta 2
2
Compute moments and moments of inertia with respect to point A

Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
1
= ta a 2 +
12
a 2
2 2
2
2 1 2
+ ( a ) + ta a + a
18 3
2
2

19
ta 4
12
( )1 + ( I y )2
I y = I y
1 a 2
2
= ta 2 a 2 + + ( a )

12 2
a 2 2a 2
1
2 1 2
2
+ ta a + a + +
2
18
3
3
=
5
ta 4
3
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2
1
1
1
= ta 2 a 2 + a 2 + ta 2 a 2
3
2
3
ta 4
4
Now note symmetry implies
( I xy )1 = ( I yz )1 = ( I zx )1 = 0
( I xy )2 = ( I yz )2 = 0
continued
I uv = I uv + mu v
Now
0
a a 1
I xy = m1x1 y1 + m2 x2 y2 = ta 2 = ta 4
2 2 4
Therefore
0
1
a
I yz = m1 y 1 z 1 + m2 y2 z2 = ta 2 ( a ) = ta 4
2
2
( )2 + m2 z 2 x 2
I zx = m1z 1 x 1 + I z x
1
( I zx )
= a4
2 area
72
From Sample Problem 9.6

Then
( I zx )2 = t ( I zx )2 area
Then
a
I zx = ta 2 ( a )
2
1
ta 4
72
1
1
2 1
+ ta 4 + ta 2 a a
2
72
3 3
5
= ta 4
8
By observation
AB =
1
(i + j k )
3
Now, Equation 9.46
I AB = I xx2 + I y y2 + I zz2 2I xyxy 2I yz yz 2I zxzx

19 1 2 5 1 2 3 1 2
= ta
+
+
3 3
4
3
12 3
4
1 1 1
1 1 1
2
4
3
3 3
2 3
5 1 1
2
3 3
8
or I AB =
5
ta 4
12

I x = 4.212 kg m 2
From Problem 9.138:
I y = 7.407 kg m 2
I z = 3.7055 kg m 2
I xy = 0.19312 kg m 2
From Problem 9.157:
I yz = 0.30987 kg m 2
I zx = 2.25956 kg m 2
Now
Eq. (9.46):
OL =
1
( 4i + 8j + k )
9
2
2
2
4
8
1
= 4.212 + 7.407 + 3.7055
9
9
9
4 8
8 1
2 ( 0.19312 ) 2 ( 0.3098 )
9 9
9 9
1 4
2 ( 2.25956 ) kg m 2
9 9
= ( 0.832 + 5.85244 + 0.04575 0.15259 0.061195 + 0.22317 ) kg m 2
= 6.73957 kg m 2
I OL = 6.74 kg m 2
Mass of each leg is identical:
W /L
m=
L
g
0.041 lb/ft (1.5 ft )

32.2 ft/s
= 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft
Also, I xy = I yz = I zx = 0 for each leg,

and
x1 = x6 = 0
Now
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 + m3x3 y3
y4 = y5 = y6 = 0
z1 = z2 = z3 = 0
= 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft ( 0.75 )(1.5 ) + (1.5 )( 0.75 ) ft 2

= 0.0042974 lb ft s 2
= 4.2974 103 lb ft s 2
I yz = 0
I zx = ( I zx + mz x ) = m4z4 x4 + m5z5 x5
= 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft ( 0.75 )(1.5 ) + (1.5 )( 0.75 ) ft 2

= 0.0042974 lb ft s 2
= 4.2974 103 lb ft s 2
continued
I x = 14.32 103 lb ft s 2
From Problem 9.150
I y = I z = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2
OL =
Now
1
( 3i 6 j + 2k ) and then
7
Eq. ( 9.46 )
I OL = I xx2 + I y y2 + I z z2 2I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
2

3
= 14.32 103 + 18.62 103
7

6 2 2 2
+ 2 4.2974 103
7
7
) 73 76
2 3
2 4.2974 103 lb ft s 2
7 7
= 2.6302 103 + 15.20 103 3.1573 103 + 1.05242 103 lb ft s 2

= 15.725 103 lb ft s 2
or I OL = 15.73 103 lb ft s 2
m = stV = mAL
Have
2
= 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.0015 m ) L
= ( 0.055488L ) kg/m
m1 = m2 = 0.055488 kg/m ( 0.36 m )
Then
= 0.062756 kg
m3 = m4 = 0.055488 kg/m ( 0.36 m )
= 0.019976 kg
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia I xy = I yz
= I zx = 0 for each component.

x3 = x4 = 0,
Also
y1 = 0,
z1 = z2 = 0
Then
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2x2 y2
2 0.36 m
3
2
= ( 0.062756 kg )
( 0.36 m ) = 5.1777 10 kg m
I yz = I yz + my z = m3 y3 z3 + m4 y4 z4
where
m3 = m4 ,
y3 = y4 , z4 = z3 ,
so that
I yz = 0
I zx = ( I zx + mz x ) = m1z1x1 + m2 z2 x2 = 0
continued
I x = 23.170 103 kg m 2
I y = 21.444 103 kg m 2
I z = 17.992 103 kg m 2
OL =
Now
1
( 3i 6 j + 2k )
7
Have
I OL = I xx2 + I y y2 + I z z2 2I xy x y 2I yz yz 2I zxz x Eq. ( 9.46 )

2
2
2
3
6
2
= 23.170 + 21.444 + 17.992
7
7
7
3 6
2 ( 5.1777 ) 103 kg m 2
7 7
= ( 4.2557 + 15.755 + 1.4687 + 3.8040 ) 103 kg m

= 25.283 103 kg m 2
or I OL = 25.3 103 kg m 2
m = ( m/L ) L
Have
= ( 0.049 kg/m ) L
m1 = ( 0.049 kg/m )( 2 0.32 m )
Then
= 0.09852 kg
m2 = m3 = m4 = m5 = ( 0.049 kg )( 0.160 m )
= 0.00784 kg
I xy = I yz = I zx = 0 for each component.
Now observe that
x1 = x4 = x5 = 0,
Also,
y1 = 0,
z1 = z2 = z3 = 0
Then
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 + m3x3 y3
= ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.32 m )( 0.08 m ) + ( 0.24 m )( 0.16 m )

= 0.50176 103 kg m 2
By symmetry
Now
I yz = I xy = 0.50176 103 kg m 2
I zx = ( I zx + mz x ) = 0
I x = I z = 6.8505 103 kg m 2
I y = 12.630 103 kg m 2
continued
OL =
Now
1
( 3i 6 j + 2k )
7
Have
Eq. ( 9.46 )
3 2 2 2
= ( 6.8505 ) + 103 kg m 2
7
7
2
6
+ (12.63) 103 kg m 2
7
3 6 6 2
2 ( 0.50176 ) + 103 kg m 2
7 7 7 7
= (1.8175 + 9.2792 0.12288 ) 103 kg m 2

= 10.9738 103 kg m 2
or I OL = 10.97 103 kg m 2
(a) Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem have at point A.
I x =
I y
1
m b2 + c2
12
)
2
1
1
a
=
m a2 + c2 + m =
m 4a 2 + c 2
12
12
2
I z =
1
1
a
m a2 + b2 + m =
m 4a 2 + b 2
12
12
2
)
)
Now observe that symmetry implies
Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is then
I x x 2 + I y y 2 + I z z 2 = 1
or
1
1
1
m b2 + c 2 x2 +
m 4a 2 + c 2 y 2 +
m 4a 2 + b 2 z 2 = 1
12
12
12
For the ellipsoid to be a sphere, the coefficients must be equal.

Therefore,
1
1
1
m b2 + c 2 =
m 4a 2 + c 2 =
m 4a 2 + b 2
12
12
12
b 2 + c 2 = 4a 2 + c 2
Then
b 2 + c 2 = 4a 2 + b 2
and
or
b
=2
a
or
c
=2
a
(b) Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem, we have at point B
I x =
I y
1
1
c
m b2 + c 2 + m =
m b 2 + 4c 2
12
2
12

1
1
c
=
m a2 + c2 + m =
m a 2 + 4c 2
12
12
2
I z =
1
m a 2 + b2
12
)
continued
From part a it then immediately follows that
1
1
1
m b 2 + 4c 2 =
m a 2 + 4c 2 =
m a 2 + b2
12
12
12
Then
b 2 + 4c 2 = a 2 + 4c 2
or
b
=1
a
and
b 2 + 4c 2 = a 2 + b 2
or
c
1
=
a
2
(a) From sample Problem 9.11, we have at the apex A
Ix =
3
ma 2
10
I y = Iz =
3 1 2
m a + h2
5 4
Now observe that symmetry implies I xy = I yz = I zx = 0

Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is
then
I x x2 + I y y 2 + I z z 2 = 1
or
3
3 1
3 1
ma 2 x 2 + m a 2 + h 2 y 2 + m a 2 + h 2 z 2 = 1
10
5 4
5 4
For the ellipsoid to be a sphere, the coefficients must be equal.

Therefore,
3
3 1
ma 2 = m a 2 + h 2
10
5 4
or
a
=2
h
(b) From Sample Problem 9.11, we have
I x =
I y =
and at the centroid C
Then
I y
3
ma 2
10
3 2 1 2
m a + h
20
4
3 2 1 2
h
m a + h + m
= I z =
20
4
4
=
1
m 3a 2 + 2h 2
20
From part a it then immediately follows that
3
1
ma 2 =
m 3a 2 + 2h 2
10
20
or
a
=
h
2
3

(a) From Figure 9.28
Ix =
1 2
ma
2
I y = Iz =
1
m 3a 2 + L2
12
Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is then
I x x 2 + I y y 2 + I z z 2 = 1:
1 2 2
1
1
ma x +
m 3a 2 + L2 y 2 +
m 3a 2 + L2 = 1
2
12
12
For the ellipsoid to be a sphere, the coefficients must be equal. Therefore,
1 2
1
ma =
m 3a 2 + L2
2
12
or
a
L
1
3
(b) Using Fig. 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem

Have I x =
1 2
ma
2
I y = I z =
1
7 2
L
1
m 3a 2 + L2 + m = m a 2 +
L
12
4
4
48

From Part a it then immediately follows that
1 2
7 2
1
ma = m a 2 +
L
2
4
48
or
a
L
7
12

I y + Iz Ix
(i) To prove
By
I y = z + x dm
Then
I z = x + y dm
I y + I z = z 2 + x 2 dm + x 2 + y 2 dm
= y 2 + z 2 dm + 2 x 2dm
Now..
2
2
( y + z ) dm = I x
and
I y + Iz Ix
Q.E.D.
2
x dm 0
The proofs of the other two inequalities follow similar steps.

(ii) If the x axis is the axis of revolution, then
I y = Iz
and from part (i) I y + I z I x
or 2I y I x
or I y
1
Ix
2
Q.E.D.
definition
(a) At the center of the cube have (using Figure 9.28)
Ix = I y = Iz =
1
1
m a 2 + a 2 = ma 2
12
6
Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
ma x + ma y + ma z = 1
6
or
x2 + y 2 + z 2 =
6
= R2
ma 2
which is the equation of a sphere.

Since the ellipsoid of inertia is a sphere, the moment of inertia with
respect to any axis OL through the center O of the cube must always
1
be the same R =
.
I OL
I OL =
1 2
ma
6
(b) The above sketch of the cube is the view seen if the line of sight is
along the diagonal that passes through corner A. For a rectangular
coordinate system at A and with one of the coordinate axes aligned
with the diagonal, an ellipsoid of inertia at A could be constructed. If
the cube is then rotated 120 about the diagonal, the mass
distribution will remain unchanged. Thus, the ellipsoid will also
remain unchanged after it is rotated. As noted at the end of
section 9.17, this is possible only if the ellipsoid is an ellipsoid of
revolution, where the diagonal is both the axis of revolution and a
principal axis.
It then follows that
I x = I OL =
continued
1 2
ma
6
In addition, for an ellipsoid of revolution, the two transverse

principal moments of inertia are equal and any axis perpendicular to
the axis of revolution is a principal axis. Then, applying the parallelaxis theorem between the center of the cube and corner A for any
perpendicular axis
I y = I z =
3
1 2
ma + m
a
6
2
or I y = I z =
11 2
ma
12
Note: Part b can also be solved using the method of Section 9.18.
First note that at corner A
Ix = I y = Iz =
2 2
ma
3
I xy = I yz = I zx =
1 2
ma
4
Substituting into Equation (9.56) yields
k 3 2ma 2k 2 +
55 2 6
121 3 9
m a k
ma =0
48
864
For which the roots are
k1 =
1 2
ma
6
k2 = k3 =
11 2
ma
12
(i) Using Equation (9.30), we have
I x + I y + I z = y 2 + z 2 dm + z 2 + x 2 dm + x 2 + y 2 dm
= 2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 dm
= 2 r 2dm
where r is the distance from the origin O to the element of mass dm.
Now assume that the given body can be formed by adding and
subtracting appropriate volumes V1 and V2 from a sphere of mass m
and radius a which is centered at O; it then follows that
m1 = m2 mbody = msphere = m .
Then
( I x + I y + I z )body = ( I x + I y + I z )sphere + ( I x + I y + I z )V
Ix + I y + Iz
)V
or
( I x + I y + I z )body = ( I x + I y + I z )sphere + 2 m r 2dm 2 m r 2dm

1
Now, m1 = m2 and r1 r2 for all elements of mass dm in

volumes 1 and 2.
m r 2dm m r 2dm 0
1
2
so that
( I x + I y + I z )body ( I x + I y + I z )sphere
Q.E.D.
continued
(ii) First note from Figure 9.28 that for a sphere
Ix = I y = Iz =
Thus,
2 2
ma
5
( I x + I y + I z )sphere = 65 ma2
For a solid of revolution, where the x axis is the axis of revolution,

have
I y = Iz
Then, using the results of part i
( I x + 2I y )body 65 ma2
Iy
From Problem 9.178 have

or
1
Ix
2
( 2I y I x )body 0
Adding the last two inequalities yields
( 4I y )body 65 ma2
or
( I y )body 103 ma2
Q.E.D.
(a) First compute the moments of inertia using Figure 9.28 and the
parallel-axis theorem.
a 2 a 2 13
1
2
2
2
Ix = Iz =
m 3a + a + m
+ 2 = 12 ma
12

2
1
3
2
I y = ma 2 + m ( a ) = ma 2
2
2
Next observe that the centroidal products of inertia are zero because
of symmetry. Then
0
1
a a
I xy = I xy + mx y = m
ma 2
2 =
2
2
2
0
1
a a
I yz = I yz + my z = m
ma 2
=
2 2
2 2
0
a a 1 2
I zx = I zx + mz x = m
= ma
2 2 2
13 3 13 2 2
K3
+ + ma K
12 2 12
2
2
2
13 3 3 13 13 13
1
1
1
2
+ + +
ma
12
2
2
12
12
12
2

2 2

2 2
3
13 3 13 13
1 3 1 13
1
1
1 1
2

2
ma = 0
2 2 2 2 2
12 2 12 12 2 2 2 2 12 2 2
Simplifying and letting K = ma 2 yields
11 2 565
95
+

=0
3
144
96
continued
Solving yields
1 = 0.363383
2 =
19
12
3 = 1.71995
The principal moments of inertia are then
K1 = 0.363ma 2
K 2 = 1.583ma 2
K3 = 1.720ma 2
(b) To determine the direction cosines x , y , z of each principal axis,
we use two of the equations of Equations (9.54) and Equation (9.57).
Thus
(9.54a)
( I x K ) x I xy y I zxz = 0
I zxx I yz y + ( I z K ) z = 0
(9.54c)
x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
(9.57)
Note: Since I xy = I yz , Equations (9.54a) and (9.54c) were chosen to

simplify the elimination of y during the solution process.
Substituting for the moments and products of inertia in Equations
(9.54a) and (9.54c)
13 2
ma 2 y ma 2 z = 0
ma K x
12
2 2
13
ma 2 x
ma 2 y + ma 2 K z = 0
2
12
2 2
or
and
1
1
13
x +
y z = 0
2
2 2
12
(i)
1
1
13
x +
y + z = 0
2
12
2 2
(ii)
Observe that these equations will be identical, so that one will need
to be replaced, if
13
1
19
=
=
or
12
2
12
Thus, a third independent equation will be needed when the
direction cosines associated with K 2 are determined. Then for K1
and K 3
continued
13
1 13
1
z = 0
Eq.(i) Eq.(ii) x +
2
12
2 12
z = x
or
1
1
13
x +
y x = 0
2
2 2
12
Substituting into Eq.(i)
y = 2 2 x
12
or
x2
or
7
2
+ 2 2 x + ( x ) = 1
12
2 + 8 x2 = 1
12
(iii)
K1 : Substituting the value of 1 into Eq.(iii)

2
7
2
2 + 8 0.363383 ( x )1 = 1
12
or
and then
( x )1 = ( z )1 = 0.647249
( y )1 = 2
2 0.363383 ( 0.647249 )
12
= 0.402662
( x )1 = ( z )1 = 49.7
( y )1 = 113.7
K 3 : Substituting the value of 3 into Eq.(iii)

2
7
2
2 + 8 1.71995 ( x )3 = 1
12
or
( x )3 = ( z )3
and then
( y )3 = 2
= 0.284726
2 1.71995 ( 0.284726 )
12
= 0.915348
( x )3 = ( z )3
= 73.5
( y )3 = 23.7
continued
K 2 : For this case, the set of equations to be solved consists of

Equations (9.54a), (9.54b), and (9.57). Now
I xy x + I y K y I yz z = 0
(9.54b)
Substituting for the moments and products of inertia.
1
1

ma 2 x + ma 2 K y
ma 2 z = 0
2
2
2
2
2
or
x + y +
z = 0
2 2
2 2
2
(iv)
Substituting the value of 2 into Eqs.(i) and (iv)
1
13 19
( x )2 +
y
12
12
2
2
( )2 12 ( z )2 = 0
1
2 2
3 19
y
2
12
( )2 + 2 1 2 ( z )2 = 0
( x )2 +
or
( x )2 +
1
y
2
( x )2
2
y
6
and
( )2 ( z )2 = 0
( )2 + ( z ) 2 = 0
Adding yields
( y )2 = 0
and then
( z )2
= ( x )2
( x )22 + ( y )2 + ( x )22
2
or
( x )2
1
2
( x )2
and
=1
( z )2
1
2
( )2 = 90.0 ( z )2 = 135.0
= 45.0 y
(c) Principal axes 1 and 3 lie in the vertical plane of symmetry passing
through points O and B. Principal axis 2 lies in the xz plane.

From the solution to Problem 9.143 and 9.167
I x = 34.106 103 lb ft s 2
I y = 50.125 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 34.876 103 lb ft s 2
I xy = 0.96211 103 lb ft s 2
I yz = I zx = 0
(a) From Equation 9.55
Ix K
I xy
0
0
I xy
Iy K
=0
0
0
Iz K
( Ix K )( I y
) ( I z K ) ( I z K ) I xy2 = 0
( I z K ) ( I x K ) ( I y K ) I xy2 = 0
2
I z K = 0 and I x I y ( I x + I y ) K + K 2 I xy
=0
or
or
Then
K1 = I z = 34.876 103 lb ft s 2
Now
or K1 = 34.9 103 lb ft s 2
and
( 34.106 10 )(50.125 10 ) (34.106 10

+ K ( 0.96211 10 ) = 0
3
or
Solving yields
+ 50.125 10 3 K
1.70864 103 84.231 103 K + K 2 = 0
K 2 = 34.0486 103 K3 = 50.1824 103

or K 2 = 34.0 103 lb ft s 2
and K3 = 50.2 103 lb ft s 2
continued
(b) To determine the directions cosines x , y and z of each principal

axis use two of the Equations 9.54 and Equation 9.57
K1 : Using Equation 9.54(a) and Equation 9.54(b) with I yz = I zx = 0 ,

we have
( I x K1 )( x )1 I xy ( y )1 = 0
)( )1 = 0
I xy ( x )1 + I y K1 y
Substituting
( 34.106 10
( )1 = 0
34.876 103 ( x )1 0.96211 103 y
)( )
0.96211 103 ( x )1 + 50.125 103 34.876 103 y
=0
or
( )1 = 0
0.770 103 ( x )1 0.96211 103 y
( )1 = 0
0.96211 103 ( x )1 + 15.249 103 y

Solving yields
From Equation 9.57

and
( x )1 = ( y )1 = 0
02
( x )12 + ( y )1 + ( z )12
( x )1 = 90.0,
= 1 or
( y )1 = 90.0,
( z )1 = 1
( z )1 = 0
K 2 : Using Equation 9.54(b) and Equation 9.54(c) with I yz = I zx = 0
)( )2 = 0
I xz ( x )2 + I y K 2 y
( Iz
Now
K 2 )( z )2 = 0
I z K 2 ( z )2 = 0
Substituting
)( )
0.96211 103 ( x )2 + 50.125 103 34.0486 103 y

or
( y )2 = 0.05985 ( x )2
continued
=0
( x )22 + 0.05985 ( x )2
Then
( x )2
+ ( z )2 = 1
= 0.99821
( y )2 = 0.05974
( x )2
and
= 3.43,
( y )2 = 86.6, ( z )2 = 90.0
)( )3 = 0
I xy ( x )3 + I y K3 y
K3 :
( Iz
K3 ) ( z )3 = 0
I z K3 ( z )3 = 0
Now
Substituting
)( )
0.96211 103 ( x )3 + 50.125 103 50.1824 103 y
=0
( )3 = 0
0.96211 103 ( x )3 0.0574 103 y
( y )3 = 16.7615 ( x )3
or
Have
yields
and
( x )32 + 16.7615 ( x )3
( x )3
= 0.059555
( x )3
= 93.4,
and
0
2
+ ( z )3 = 1
( y )3 = 0.998231
( y )3 = 3.41,
z = 90.0
(c) Principal axis 1 coincides with the z axis, while the principal axes 2
and 3 lie in the xy plane

I x = 9.8821 103 lb ft s 2
From Problem 9.147:
I y = 11.5344 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 2.1878 103 lb ft s 2
I xy = 0.48776 103 lb ft s 2
From Problem 9.151:
I yz = 1.18391 103 lb ft s 2
I zx = 2.6951 103 lb ft s 2
(a)
From Equation 9.56
2
2
2
K 3 I x + I y + I z K 2 + I x I y + I y I z + I z I x I xy
I yz
I zx
K
2
2
2
I x I y I z I x I yz
I y I zx
I z I xy
2I xy I yz I zx = 0
Substituting
K 3 ( 9.8821 + 11.5344 + 2.1878 ) 103 K 2 + ( 9.8821)(11.5344 ) + (11.5344 )( 2.1878 )
2
2
2
+ ( 2.1878 )( 9.8821) ( 0.48776 ) (1.18391) ( 2.6951) 10 6 K
2
2
( 9.8821)(11.5344 )( 2.1878 ) ( 9.8821)(1.18391) (11.5344 )( 2.6951)
2
( 2.1878 )( 0.48776 ) 2 ( 0.48776 )(1.18391)( 2.6951) 10 9 = 0
or
K 3 23.6043 103 K 2 + 151.9360 106 K 148.1092 109 = 0
Solving numerically
K1 = 1.180481 103 lb ft s 2
or
K1 = 1.180 10 3 lb ft s 2
K 2 = 10.72017 103 lb ft s 2
or
K 2 = 10.72 10 3 lb ft s 2
K3 = 11.70365 103 lb ft s 2
or
K3 = 11.70 10 3 lb ft s 2
continued
(b)
From Equations 9.54(a) and 9.54(b)
( I x K )( x ) I xy ( y ) I zx ( z ) = 0
)( )
I xy ( x ) + I y K1 y I yz ( z ) = 0
( )1 and ( z )1 .
K1: Substitute K1 and solve for to get ( x )1 , y
( )1 2.6951( z )1 103 = 0
( 9.8821 1.180481) ( ) 0.48776

x 1
y
( )1 1.18391( z )1 103 = 0
0.48776 ( ) + (11.5344 1.180481)

x 1
y
or
( )1 5.52546 ( z )1 = 0
17.83996 ( x )1 y
( )1 0.11434 ( z )1 = 0
0.0471( x )1 + y
Then
( z )1 = 3.1549 ( x )1
and
( y )1 = 0.40769 ( x )1
( x )12 + ( y )1 + ( z )12
2
Equation 9.57:
Substituting
( x )12 + 0.40769 ( x )1
=1
2
+ 3.1549 ( x )1 = 1
or
( x )1 = 0.29989
then
( x )1 = 72.5
and
( y )1 = 0.122262
then
( y )1 = 83.0
( z )1 = 0.94612
then
( z )1 = 18.89
K 2: Substitute K 2 and solve for .
( )2 2.6951( z )2 103 = 0
( 9.8821 10.72017 ) ( ) 0.48776

x 2
y
( )2 1.18391( z )2 103 = 0
0.48776 ( ) + (11.5344 10.72017 )

x 2
y
continued
( )2 5.52546 ( z )2 = 0
1.718202 ( x )2 y
or
( )2 1.45402 ( z )2 = 0
0.599045 ( x )2 + y
= 0.33201( x )2
Then
( z )2
and
( y )2 = 0.116306 ( x )2
( x )22 + 0.116306 ( x )2
Then
or
( x )2
= 0.94333
( x )2
then
And
( y )2 = 0.109715
( z )2
= 0.31320
then
+ 0.33201( x )2 = 1
= 19.38
( y )2 = 83.7
then
( z )2
= 108.3
K 3: Substitute K 3 and solve for .
( )3 2.6951( z )3 103 = 0
( 9.8821 11.70365 ) ( ) 0.48776

x 3
y
( )3 1.18391( z )3 103 = 0
0.48776 ( ) + (11.5344 11.70365 )

x 3
y
( )3 5.52546 ( z )3 = 0
3.73452 ( x )3 y
or
( )3 + 6.99504 ( z )3 = 0
2.88189 ( x )3 + y
= 0.58019 ( x )3
Then
( z )3
and
( y )3 = 6.9403 ( x )3
2
2
Then ( x )3 + 6.9403 ( x )3 + 0.58019 ( x )3 =
or
( x )3
= 0.142128*
( y )3 = 0.98641
( z )3
*
= 0.082461
then
( x )3
then
( y )3 = 9.46
then
Note: the negative root of ( x )3 is taken so that axes 1, 2, 3 form a right-handed set.
( z )3
= 98.2
= 94.7

(a) From the solution of Problem 9.169 have
Ix =
1W 2
a
2 g
I xy =
1W 2
a
4 g
Iy =
W 2
a
g
I yz =
1W 2
a
8 g
Iz =
5W 2
a
6 g
I zx =
3W 2
a
8 g

2
2
2
2
1
5 W 2 2 1
5 5 1 1
1
3 W 2
K + 1 + a K + (1) + (1) + a K
6 g
6 6 2 4
8
8 g
2
2
3
3
2
2
1 5 1 1 2
3
5 1
1 1 3 W 2
(1) (1) 2 a = 0
8
6 4
4 8 8 g
2 6 2 8
Simplifying and letting K =
W 2
a yields
g
3 2.33333 2 + 1.53125 0.192708 = 0

Solving yields
1 = 0.163917
2 = 1.05402
3 = 1.11539
The principal moments of inertia are then

K1 = 0.1639
W 2
a
g
K 2 = 1.054
W 2
a
g
K 3 = 1.115
W 2
a
g
continued
(b) To determine the direction cosines x , y , z of each principal axis, use two of the equations of
Equations (9.54) and (9.57). Then
K1 : Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b).
( I x K1 )( x )1 I xy ( y )1 I zx ( z )1 = 0
)( )1 I yz ( z )1 = 0
I xy ( x )1 + I y K 2 y
Substituting
1
1W 2
W 2
a y
0.163917 a ( x )1
g
4 g
2
1W 2
W
a ( x )1 + (1 0.163917 ) a 2 y
4 g
g
( )1 83 Wg a2 ( z )1 = 0
( )1 18 Wg a2 ( z )1 = 0
Simplifying yields
( )1 1.5 ( z )1 = 0
1.34433 ( x )1 y
( )1 0.149507 ( z )1 = 0
0.299013 ( x )1 + y
Adding and solving for ( z )1
( z )1 = 0.633715 ( x )1
( y )1 = 1.34433 1.5 ( 0.633715) ( x )1
and then
= 0.393758 ( x )1
Now substitute into Equation (9.57)
( x )12 + 0.393758 ( x )1
+ 0.633715 ( x )1 = 1
( x )1 = 0.801504
or
( y )1 = 0.315599
and
( x )1 = 36.7
( y )1 = 71.6
( z )1 = 0.507925
( z )1 = 59.5
K 2 : Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b).
( I x K 2 )( x )2 I xy ( y )2 I zx ( z )2
=0
)( )2 I yz ( z )2 = 0
I xy ( x )2 + I y K 2 y
continued
Substituting
1
1W 2
W 2
a y
1.05402 a ( x )2
2
g
4 g
1W 2
W
a ( x )2 + (1 1.05402 ) a 2 y
4 g
g
( )2 83 Wg a2 ( z )2 = 0
( )2 18 Wg a 2 ( z )2 = 0
Simplifying yields
( )2 1.5 ( z )2 = 0
2.21608 ( x )2 y
( )2 + 2.31396 ( z )2 = 0
4.62792 ( x )2 + y
( z )2
= 2.96309 ( x )2
( y )2 = 2.21608 1.5 ( 2.96309 ) ( x )2
and then
= 2.22856 ( x )2
( x )22 + 2.22856 ( x )2
+ 2.96309 ( x )2 = 1
( x )2
or
and
= 0.260410
( y )2 = 0.580339
( x )2
( z )2
= 0.771618
( y )2 = 54.5
= 74.9
( z )2
= 140.5
K 3 : Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b).
( I x K3 )( x )3 I xy ( y )3 I zx ( z )3
=0
)( )3 I yz ( z )3 = 0
I xy ( x )3 + I y K 3 y
Substituting
1
1W 2
W 2
a y
1.11539 a ( x )3
g
4 g
2
1W 2
W
a ( x )3 + (1 1.11539 ) a 2 y
4 g
( )3 83 Wg a2 ( z )3 = 0
( )3 81 Wg a2 ( z )3 = 0
continued
Simplifying yields
( )3 1.5 ( z )3 = 0
2.46156 ( x )3 y
( )3 + 1.08328 ( z )3 = 0
2.16657 ( x )3 + y
( z )3
= 0.707885 ( x )3
( y )3 = 2.46156 1.5 ( 0.707885) ( x )3
and then
= 1.39973 ( x )3
( x )32 + 1.39973 ( x )3
+ 0.707885 ( x )3 = 1
( x )3
or
and
(i)
= 0.537577
( y )3 = 0.752463
( x )3
( z )3
= 57.5
= 0.380543
( y )3 = 138.8
( z )3
= 112.4
(c) Note: Principal axis 3 has been labeled so that the principal axes form a right-handed set. To obtain the
direction cosines corresponding to the labeled axis, the negative root of Equation (i) must be chosen; that
is, ( x )3 = 0.537577
Then ( x )3 = 122.5
( y )3 = 41.2
( z )3
= 67.6
m1 = ta 2
From Problem 9.170
Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 =
m2 =
1
ta 2
2
1
11
5
ta 2 a 2 + ta 2 a 2 =
ta 4
3
6 2
12
( )1 + ( I y )2 = 13 ( ta2 ) a2 + 16 12 ta2 ( a2 + a2 ) = 12 ta4
Iy = Iy
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 =
Now note that symmetry implies
1
11
3
ta 2 a 2 + a 2 + ta 2 a 2 = ta 4
3
6 2
4
)(
( I xy )1 = ( I yz )1 = ( I zx )1 = 0
( I xy )2 = ( I yz )2 = 0
Have
I uv = I uv + mu v
continued
a a 1
I xy = m1x1 y1 + m2 x2 y2 = ta 2 = ta 4
2 2 4
Then
I yx = m1 y1z1 +0 m2 y2 z02
( )2 + m2 z2 x2
I zx = m1z1x1 + I z x
( I zx )2 = 721 ta 4
From Problem 9.170
I zx =
Then
1
1
1
1 1
ta 4 + ta 2 a a =
ta 4
72
2
3
3
24
(a) Equation 9.56
2
2
2
K 3 I x + I y + I z K 2 + I x I y + I y I z + I z I x I xy
I yz
I zx
K
2
2
2
I x I y I z I x I yz
I y I zx
I z I xy
2I xy I yz I zx = 0
Substituting
2
5 1 1 3 3 5 1 2
5
1 3
1
+ + ta 4 K 2 + + + 0 ta 4
K 3
24
12 2 4
12 2 2 4 4 12 4
2
2
5 1 3
1 1
3 1
0 0 ta 4
12 2 4
2 24
4 4
Solving numerically...
) = 0
K = ta 4
Simplifying and letting

yields
) K
5
3
3 2 +
1 = 0.203032
479
125

=0
576
1152
or
K1 = 0.203 ta 4
2 = 0.698281
or
K 2 = 0.698 ta 4
3 = 0.765354
or
K3 = 0.765 ta 4
(b) Equations 9.54a and 9.54b
( I x K )( x ) I xy ( y ) I zx ( z ) = 0
)( )
I xy ( x ) + I y K y I yz ( z ) = 0
continued
Substituting K1
5
1
12 0.203032 ( x )1 4 y
( )1 241 ( z )1 ta4 = 0
1
1
( x )1 + 0.203032 y
4
2
( )1 0 ta4 = 0
or
( y )1 = 0.841842 ( x )1
and
( z )1 = 0.0761800 ( x )1
Equation 9.57
Substituting
( x )12 + ( y )1 + ( z )12
2
( x )12 + 0.841842 ( x )1
or
=1
2
+ 0.0761800 ( x )1 = 1
( x )1 = 0.763715
then
( x )1 = 40.2
( y )1 = 0.642927
then
( y )1 = 50.0
( z )1 = 0.0581798
then
( z )1 = 86.7
Substituting K 2
5
1
12 0.698281 ( x )2 4 y
( )2 241 ( z )2 ta4 = 0
1
1
( x )2 + 0.698281 y
2
( )2 0 ta4 = 0
or
and
Then
( y )2 = 1.260837 ( x )2
( z )2
= 0.806278 ( x )2
( x )22 + 1.260837 ( x )2
or
+ 0.806278 ( x )2 = 1
( x )2
= 0.555573
( y )2 = 0.700487
( z )2
= 0.447946
then
then
then
( x )2
= 56.2
( y )2 = 134.5
( z )2
= 63.4
continued
Substituting K 3
5
1
12 0.765354 ( x )3 4 y
( )3 241 ( z )3 ta4 = 0
1
1
( x )3 + 0.765354 y
2
( )3 0 ta4 = 0
or
( y )3 = 0.942138 ( x )3
And
Then
( z )3
= 2.71567 ( x )3
( x )32 + 0.942138 ( x )3
or
+ 2.71567 ( x )3 = 1
( x )3
= 0.328576
then
( x )3
= 70.8
( y )3 = 0.309564
then
( y )3 = 108.0
( z )3
then
( z )3
= 0.892304
(c)
= 153.2

(a) From the solutions to Problem 9.150
I x = 14.32 103 lb ft s 2
I y = I z = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2
I xy = I zx = 4.297 103 lb ft s 2 , I yz = 0
From Problem 9.172
I y = Iz,
I xy = I zx ,
I yz = 0
(
)
(
) K (14.32 10 )(18.62 10 )
) (
Substituting into Eq. (9.56) and using
( )
( )
2
2
K 3 I x + 2I y K 2 + I x 2I y + I y2 2 I xy K I x I y2 2I y I xy
=0
) (
K 3 14.32 103 + 2 18.62 102 K 2 + 14.32 10 3 ( 2 ) 18.62 103 + 18.62 10 3
2 4.297 103
or
)(
2
2 18.62 10 3 4.297 10 3 = 0
K 3 51.56 103 K 2 + 0.84305 103 K 0.004277 103 = 0

Solving:
K1 = 0.010022 lb ft s 2
or K1 = 10.02 103 lb ft s 2
K 2 = 0.018624 lb ft s 2
or K 2 = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2
K3 = 0.022914 lb ft s 2
or K3 = 22.9 103 lb ft s 2
(b) To determine the direction cosines x , y , z of each principal axis, use two of the equations of
Equations (9.54) and Equation (9.57). Then
K1 : Begin with Equations (9.54b) and (9.54c):
I xy (x )1 + ( I y K1)( y )1 I yz (z )1 = 0
I zx (x )1 I yz ( y )1 + ( I z K1) (z )1 = 0
or
(
+ (18.62 10
)
) ( )
4.297 103 (x )1 + 18.62 103 10.02 103 ( y )1 = 0

4.297 103 (x )1
10.02 103
z 1
=0
continued
( y )1 = ( z )1 = 0.49965 ( x )1
( x )12 + 2 0.49965 ( x )1
=1
( x )1 = 0.81669
( y )1 = ( z )1 = 0.40806
( x )1 = 35.2;
( y )1 = ( z )1 = 65.9
K2: Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b):

( I x K 2 )( x )2 I xy ( y )2 I zx (z )2 = 0
)( )2 I yz (0z )2 = 0
I xy ( x )2 + I y K 2 y
Substituting:
(14.32 10
18.62 103 ( x )2 4.297 103 ( y ) 2 (z ) 2 = 0
)( )
4.297 103 ( x )2 + 18.62 103 18.62 103 y
( x )2
From (ii)
=0
(i)
(ii)
=0
( y )2 = ( z )2
From (i)
Substituting:
( x )22 + ( y )2 + ( z )2
2
( y )2 =
=1
1
2
( x )2
( )2 = 45.0, ( z )2 = 135.0
= 90.0, y
K3: Begin with Equations (9.54b) and (9.54c)

I xy ( x )3 + I y K3 y
)( )3 + I yz ( z )3 = 0
I zx ( x )3 I yz 0( y ) + ( I z K 3 ) ( z )3 = 0
Substituting:
(
+ (18.62 10
)
)( )
4.297 103 ( x )3 + 18.62 103 22.9 103 ( z )3 = 0

4.297 103 ( x )3
22.9 103
( y )3 = ( z ) 3 = ( x )3
Simplifying:
( x )23
+ 2 ( x )3 = 1 ( x )3 =
1
3
and
z 3
=0
( y )3 = ( z )3 =
( x )3
1
3
( )3 = ( z )3 = 125.3
= 54.7, y
continued
Note: Principal axis 3 has been labeled so that the principal axes form a right-handed set to obtain the
direction cosines corresponding to the labeled axis, the negative root of Equation (i) must be chosen; that
is:
( x )3
Then:
1
3
( x )3
= 125.3
( y )3 = ( z )3 = 54.7
At
x = 0, y = 0: 0 = ka 2 + c
or k =
x = a,
y = b:
k =
y =
=
Now
c
a2
b=c
b
a2
b
2
x a) + b
2(
a
b 2
x 2ax + a 2 + b
a2
dI y = x 2dA = x 2 ( y2 y1 ) dx
b
2b
= x2 b + 2 x2
x + b b dx
a
a
2b 3
b
= 2 x4
x + bx 2 dx
a
a
2b 3
a b
I y = 0 2 x 4
x + bx 2 dx
a
a
b 4 b 3
1 b 5
=
x
x + x
2
2a
3 0
5 a
1 1 1
= a3b +
5 2 3
1 3
ab
30
Iy =
1 3
ab
30
At
x = 0, y = 0: 0 = ka 2 + c
k =
c
a2
x = a, y = b :
k =
Now
dI x = y 2dA = y 2 ( xdy )
( x a )2
From above
a2
(b y )
b
x = a 1
and
and
x a = a 1
Then
Then
b
a2
b
2
x a)
2(
a
y =b
Then
b=c
y
b
y
+a
b
y
dI x = ay 2 1 + 1 dy
b
y
b
I x = dI x = a 0 y 2 1 + 1 dy
b
y3
=a
3
y
b
+ a 0 y 2 1 dy
b
continued
First note that
A = A1 A2 A3
= (100 mm )(120 mm ) ( 80 mm )( 40 mm ) ( 80 mm )( 20 mm )
= (12 000 3200 1600 ) mm 2 = 7200 mm 2
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
Now
where
Then
( I x )1 =
1
(100 mm )(120 mm )3 = 14.4 106 mm 4
12
( I x )2
1
(80 mm )( 40 mm )3 + 3200 mm 2 ( 40 mm )2 = 5.5467 106 mm4
12
( I x )3
1
(80 mm )( 20 mm )2 + 1600 mm 2 ( 30 mm )2 = 1.4933 106 mm 4
12
I x = (14.4 5.5467 1.4933) 106 mm 4 = 7.36 106 mm 4

or I x = 7.36 106 mm 4
and
k x2 =
Ix
7.36 106
=
= 1022.2 mm 2
A
7200
or k x = 32.0 mm
First note that
A = A1 A2 A3
= (100 mm )(120 mm ) ( 80 mm )( 40 mm )
( 80 mm )( 20 mm )
= (12 000 3200 1600)mm 2 = 7200 mm 2
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
Iy = Iy
Now
where
( I y )1 = 121 (120 mm )(100 mm )3 = 10 106 mm 4

( I y )2 = 121 ( 40 mm )(80 mm )3 = 1.7067 106 mm 4
( I y )3 = 121 ( 20 mm )(80 mm )3 = 0.8533 106 mm 4
Then
I y = (10 1.7067 0.8533) 106 mm 4 = 7.44 106 mm 4

or I y = 7.44 106 mm 4
And
k y2 =
Iy
A
7.44 106 mm 4
= 1033.33 mm 2
7200 mm 2
k = 32.14550 mm
or k y = 32.1 mm
y , mm
yA, mm3
50.9296
1.1520 106
30
0.324 106
A, mm 2
Now
(120 )2
= 22 619.5
1
( 240 )( 90 ) = 10 800
2
11 819.5
Y =
0.828 106
0.828 106 mm3

AY
=
= 70.054 mm
A
11819.5 mm 2
J O = ( J O )1 ( J O )2
(a)
where
and
( J O )1 =
(120 mm ) = 162.86 10
( J O ) 2 = ( I x ) 2 + ( I y ) 2
mm 4
1
1
( 240 mm )( 90 mm )3 + 2 ( 90 mm )(120 mm )3
12
12
= 40.5 106 mm 4
Then
J O = (162.86 40.5 ) 106 mm 4 = 122.36 106 mm 4

or J O = 122.4 106 mm 4 !
J O = J C + Ay 2
(b)
or
J C = 122.36 106 mm 4 11 819.5 mm 2 ( 70.054 mm )
= (122.36 58.005 )106 mm 4

or J C = 64.4 106 mm 4 !
W section (fig. 9.13A):
A = 7.08 in 2
I x = 18.3 in 4
I y = 82.8 in 4
A = 2 AW + 2 Aplate
= 2 7.08 in 2 + ( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.)
= 18.918 in 2
Now
( )W + 2 ( I x )plate
Ix = 2 Ix
4
2 6.495 in.
= 2 18.3 in + 7.08 in

2
( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.)3
2
+2
+ ( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.) ( 6.495 in. + 0.15 in.)
12
= 2 92.967 in 4 + 2 105.07 in 4 = 396.07 in 4
I x = 396 in 4
or
and
k x2 =
Ix
396.07 in 4
=
= 20.936 in 2
A
18.918 in 2
or
k x = 4.58 in.
Angle:
A = 1.44 in 2
I x = I y = 1.24 in 4
A = 5.88 in 2
Channel:
I x = 2.81 in 4
I y = 78.9 in 4
Locate the centroid
X =0
2 1.44 in 2 ( 0.842 in.) + 5.88 in 2 ( 0.606 in.)

Ay
=
Y =
A
2 1.44 in 2 + 5.88 in 2
=
Now
( 2.42496 3.5638) in 3
8.765 in 4
= 0.12995 in.
( I x ) = 2 ( I x )L + ( I x )C = 2 1.24 in 4 + (1.44 in 2 ) ( 0.842 in. + 0.12995 in.)2
2
+ 2.81 in 4 + 5.88 in 2 ( 0.606 in. 0.12995 in.)
= 2 ( 2.6003) in 4 + 4.1425 in 4 = 9.3431 in 4

or I x = 9.34 in 4
Also
( I y ) = 2 ( I y )L + ( I y )C = 2 1.24 in 4 + 1.44 in 2 (5 in. 0.842 in.)2 + 7.89 in 4

= 2 ( 26.136 ) in 4 + 78.9 in 4 = 131.17 in 4
or I y = 131.2 in 4

(a) Have
I AA = I GG + mra2
ra + rb = 290 mm
= 0.29 m
and
I BB = I GG + mrb2
I BB I AA = m rb2 ra2
Subtracting
( 41 78) g m 2
= (2000 g) ( rb + ra )( rb ra )
or
37 = (2000) (0.29) ( rb ra )
or
ra rb = 63.793 103 m
now
ra + rb = 0.29 m
so that
2ra = 0.35379 m
ra = 0.17689 m
or ra = 176.9 mm
I AA = I GG + mra2
(b) Have
Then
I GG = 78 g m 2 (2000 g) (0.17689 m) 2
= 15.420 g m 2
Finally,
2
kGG
=
I GG 15.420 g m 2
=
= 0.007710 m 2
m
2000 g
kGG = 0.08781 m
kGG = 87.8 mm
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
Have
I xy = I xy
Symmetry implies
( I xy )2 = 0
I xy = I xy + x yA
For the other rectangles
I xy = 0
Where symmetry implies
A in 2
x , in.
y , in.
Ax y in 4
4 ( 0.5 ) = 2
2.75
1.0
5.5
4 ( 0.5 ) = 2
2.75
1.0
5.5
11.00
or I xy = 11.00 in 4
I xy = 11.0 in 4
From Problem 9.195

Compute I x and I y for area of Problem 9.195
3
Ix =
5 in. ( 0.5 in.)

12
( 0.5 in.)( 4 in.)3
+2
+ ( 4 in. 0.5 in.)(1.0 in.)
12
= 9.38542 in 4
( 0.5 in.)3 ( 4 in.)
0.5 in. ( 5 in.)3
2
Iy = 2
+ ( 4 in. 0.5 in.)( 2.75 in.) +
12
12
= 35.54167 in 4
X ( 9.38542, 11) ,
Define points
Now
I ave =
Ix + I y
2
R=
Y ( 35.54167, 11)
9.38542 in 4 + 35.54167 in 4
= 22.46354 in 4
2
2
and
and
Ix I y
+ I xy
2
( )
2
9.38542 35.54167
+ (11.0 )
2
= 17.08910 in 4
Also
Then
2 ( 11.0 )
2 m = tan 1
= 40.067
9.38542 35.54167
I max, min = I ave R = 22.46354 17.08910

= 39.55264, 5.37444
Note: The a axis corresponds to I min and b axis corresponds to I max .
or I max = 39.6 in 4
I min = 5.37 in 4
m = V = a 2 L
For the cylinder
dm = a 2dx
For the element shown
=
dI z = dI z + x 2dm
and
Then
m
dx
L
1 2
a dm + x 2dm
4
L
1 2
1
m m 1
I z = dI z =
a + x 2 dx = a 2 x + x3
3 0
4
L L 4
L
0
m1 2
1 3
a L+ L
L4
3
or I z =
1
m 3a 2 + 4L2
12
m=
Then
m1 =
0.284 lb/in 3
( 5 in. 4.5 in. 0.9 in.) = 0.1786 lb s2/ft
32.2 ft/s 2
m2 =
0.284 lb/in 3
( 3 in. 2.5 in. 0.8 in.) = 0.05292 lb s 2/ft
32.2 ft/s 2
m3 =
0.284 lb/in 3
2
( 0.6 in.) 0.5 in. = 0.0049875 lb s 2 /ft
2
32.2 ft/s
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia, I xy , I yz , and I zx , of each component are
zero because
of symmetry. Now I uv = I uv + muv so that ( Iuv )body = mu v .
m, lb s 2 /ft
x , ft
y , ft
z , ft
mx y
my z
mz x
lb ft s 2
lb ft s 2
lb ft s 2
0.1786
0.2083
3
0.037
5
0.187
5
1.39531 103
1.25578 103
6.97656 103
0.05292
0.3833
3
0.20
0.187
5
4.0572 103
1.98451 103
3.80362 103
0.0049875
0.4375
0.225
0.187
5
0.49095 103
0.21041 103
0.40913 103
3.45069 103
11.18909 103
Then
5.94347 103
or I xy = 5.94 103 lb ft s 2
or I yz = 3.45 103 lb ft s 2
or I zx = 11.19 103 lb ft s 2

Chapter 9, Solution 1

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Chapter 9, Solution 1

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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I x = a 2 b 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 b cos d

= ab3 2 sin 2 cos 2 d = ab3 2

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