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REFERENCES


HELICOBACTER PYLORI
AND ITS ROLE IN PEPTIC
ULCERS



Vernell McIntosh
000 06 9219
Bio 223/02

Peptic Ulcer is a sore that can
occur in the lining of the
stomach or duodenum
Main cause of most peptic
ulcers is infection by H.
pylori
Diagnostic tools for PUD are
blood, breath, stool and tissue
tests
Treatment for PUD includes
a combination of medications,
which aim to kill the bacteria,
reduce the production of
gastric acid, and soothe the
symptoms



POINTS TO REMEMBER


Helicobacter pylorus is a helical shaped,
acidophilic, intestinal bacterium; that
survives in the stomach as a result of
possessing enzymes which neutralize the
acidic content.
PATHOGENECITY OF H. PYLORI
Attachment H. pylori invades the
mucous lining of the stomach and
attaches itself to the sensitive lining
below.
Toxin production H. pylori
produces toxins which increase
water and electrolyte secretion and
lead to cytolysis.
Cell invasion H. pylori enters the
host stomach lining cells, induce
death and continue on to invade
more stomach cells. This then
results in tissue damage or
formation of an ulcer.
Other factors that raise risk for PUD
include:
Regular or long term use of
pain killers e.g. aspirin and
ibuprofen
Exposure to radiation e.g.
radiation treatments
Consuming large amounts of
alcohol
COMMON SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

Heart burn
Increased burping
Abdominal pain or bleeding
Vomiting or Nausea
Weight loss
Bloody or black stool


DIAGNOSIS

Blood testing tests the presence of
antibodies which tag the bacterium
H. pylorus
Urea Breath test tests the release
of carbon after the ingestion of an
urea solution
Stool test tests the antigens found
in fecal matter
Endoscopy tests the samples of
tissue from the stomach and
duodenum

TREATMENT

Treatment for Peptic Ulcers Disease
includes a combination of medications,
taken for approximately 5 14 days, to kill
the bacteria as well as reduce the
production of gastric acid. These include:

Clarithromycin,
Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Metronidazole
Sucralfate
Misoprostil

Peptic Ulcers is a disease commonly
characterized by painful ulcers (open sores
on the external or internal surface of the
body), that usually are caused by a break in
the mucous membrane of the
gastrointestinal tract.
The two most common types of peptic
ulcers occur in the stomach and the
duodenum, and are referred to as gastric
and duodenal ulcers respectively.

COMMON CAUSES OF PUD
Usually the lining of the stomach and
duodenum are protected against gastric
acid by a mucous membrane; but when this
protective lining does not function properly
or breaks occur, inflammation or ulcers
form.

Helicobacter pyloris Role in PUD
Research has shown that neither stress nor
eating spicy foods cause peptic ulcers.
Approximately 80% of stomach ulcers and
90% of duodenal ulcers, worldwide, are
caused by infection with the bacterium
Helicobacter pylori through fecal-oral route
transmission.


WHAT IS PEPTIC ULCERS
DISEASE (PUD)?